This doctoral thesis focuses on Antonio Gualtieri and his work (1574-1661). Gualtieri was a "musices magister" in San Daniele del Friuli and then in Monselice, Montagnana and Venice. After rebuilding the biography of the composer based on a systematic archival research, I transcribed in modern critical edition the corpus of his works. His entire works, as transmitted to us, are either complete or partly preserved. The critical edition is based on the identification of the sources and is accompanied by a series of analytical cards with information on the texts, music and literature. The musical intonations are transcribed in score according to current criteria: variants, omissions and changes are reported in the critical apparatus. The production of Antonio Gualtieri is fully embedded in the cultural climate of the early seventeenth century. Starting from the polychoral motets, where the influence of the prevailing masters of Padua is clear, the sacred production moves to a more modern elaborated style represented by motets of few voices and basso continuo, some of which are enriched by instruments like the violin and the trombone. Within the profane ambitus, the production of Gualtieri ranges from the simple and light song-genre (canzonetta) to the more challenging madrigals, whose hallmark remains the strong adhesion of the music to the text. The overall outcome is particularly significant because it permits us to identify the modus operandi of a composer who, trained in some of the most innovative musical circles of his time (the Cathedral of Padua and the Basilica of San Marco in Venice), he then contributed to the dissemination of the new musical language in the so-called minor centres.