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Dysphagia is known to present a social and psychological burden with negative effects on quality of life. However, the psychosocial effect of an individual's dysphagia on those that care for them is less known. The purpose of this study was to develop a clinically efficient, statistically robust companion-reported outcomes measure to the Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) to better understand the impact of a patient's dysphagia on their companions as related to physical, emotional and functional domains of health-related quality of life. Seventy-seven initial statements describing companion perceptions of dysphagia were divided into physical, emotional and functional subscales. The statements were administered to 75 consecutive companions of individuals with dysphagia. Respondents replied never, almost never, sometimes, almost always and always to each statement and rated their companion's dysphagia severity on a 7-point equal appearing interval scale. Cronbach's α was performed to assess the internal consistency validation of the statements. The final questionnaire was reduced to 25 items and administered to 317 companions of individuals with dysphagia and 31 controls. Test–retest was performed on 29 companions of individuals with dysphagia. Cronbach's α was strong for the initial and final versions at r = 0.96 and r = 0.97 respectively. Significant differences occurred between companion responses of subjects with dysphagia and the control group. Test–retest reliability was strong (all ICC > 0.85). We present a statistically robust companion-reported outcomes measure to assess the handicapping effects of dysphagia on companions to further our understanding of the global effect of dysphagia and to guide treatment for successful swallowing outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Community-dwelling older adults are at risk of malnutrition due to age-related declines in energy and nutrient intake. While the positive effect of dining companions on energy and nutrient intake has been suggested, evidence remains inconclusive. This study investigated the association between the number of dining companions and energy and nutrient intake, as well as the contribution of specific food groups to higher intake in the presence of dining companions. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2865 community-dwelling older adults. The number of dining companions was assessed through self-administered questionnaires and categorized into three groups (none, 1, ≥2). Dietary intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to control for potential confounders. Results: Participants dining with two or more companions consumed significantly more energy (β 143.85; 95% CI: 30.05, 257.65; p for trend = 0.01), protein (β 6.32; 95% CI: 1.05, 11.59), fat (β 6.78; 95% CI: 2.44, 11.12; p for trend = 0.002), and carbohydrates (β 17.43; 95% CI: 1.48, 33.37; p for trend = 0.06) compared to those dining alone. They also consumed higher amounts of rice, fats and oils, meat, other vegetables, fruits, and mushrooms. Conclusions: Dining with two or more companions is associated with greater energy and nutrient intake, particularly from energy- and nutrient-dense foods. Encouraging shared meals could serve as a potential approach to support dietary quality and address risks of malnutrition in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: What makes 'man's best friend' a human's ideal friend? Previous studies examining ideal characteristics for companion dogs were conducted before the rise of social media and the COVID-19 pandemic, events that changed how humans live and, potentially, their preferences for the ideal dog. Over 330 Australian adults were recruited online and surveyed. The ideal dog was found to be medium-sized, with a short low- or non-shedding coat. It would be acquired as a puppy from a shelter/rescue. It would also be affectionate, healthy, non-aggressive, safe with children, housetrained, non-destructive when left alone, and would not escape the property. Differences across age, gender, perceived income in comparison to others, and number of household children were observed for desired physical and behavioural traits, but no significant differences regarding dog behaviour satisfaction were found between pandemic and non-pandemic acquisitions. Findings resemble those of a previous Australian ideal dog study, suggesting that preferences for the ideal dog are relatively stable. Breeders, prospective owners, and policymakers can benefit from this research by using the findings to guide choices, reduce relinquishment, and improve human–dog relationships. Defining the ideal characteristics of canine companions is imperative to those seeking to improve human–dog relationships. Previous investigations into the preferred traits of companion dogs were conducted before substantial recent events, such as the rise of social media and the COVID-19 pandemic, which altered human lifestyles and potentially affected canine preferences and owner satisfaction. This study surveyed Australian adults (n = 337) online to assess these shifts. The ideal dog was characterised as medium-sized, with a short- low- or non-shedding coat, and acquired as a puppy from a shelter/rescue. Desired traits included being affectionate, healthy, non-aggressive, safe with children, housetrained, non-destructive when alone, and not prone to escaping. Principal Component Analysis identified five factors: 'calm and obedient', 'inhibitory control', 'energy and drive', 'non-aggressive and safe', and 'affectionate and healthy'. Demographic variables of age, gender, perceived income, and household children influenced preferences. No significant differences in owner satisfaction with behaviour were observed between dogs acquired during versus outside the pandemic. The findings align with prior Australian research, suggesting enduring stability in preferences for the ideal companion dog. These insights offer valuable guidance for breeders, prospective owners, and policymakers to reduce dog relinquishment and improve human–dog relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: : Increasing haemoglobin levels in female adolescents can be influenced by giving zinc tablets. Zinc also acts as part of the essential carbonic anhydrase enzyme found in red blood cells and is needed for the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme, which functions to protect the surface of red blood cells from damage. The aim of this study was to determine the increase in haemoglobin levels in adolescent girls. Materials and methods: This research design uses the Chi-Square test and Fisher's Exact test. The population in this study was 160 young women. divided into 2 groups: 80 control groups and 80 treatment groups. Results: Respondents' haemoglobin (HB) data before treatment was given to the intervention group. The distribution of haemoglobin data for respondents in the moderate HB category (8-10) was 68 people (85%) in the control group, and in the intervention group, there were 64 people (80%). Data on the distribution of haemoglobin (HB) of respondents after being given treatment in the intervention group. The distribution of haemoglobin data for respondents in the moderate HB category (8-10) was 56 people (70%) in the control group, and in the intervention group, there were 34 people (42.5%). Meanwhile, the mild HB haemoglobin category (11-12) was found to be 23 people (28.7%) in the control group and 42 people (52.5%) in the intervention group. based on the mean ± standard deviation of hemoglobin in the control group (9.86 ± 1.09) and the intervention group (10.80 ± 1.47) also showed a significant difference (p = 0.000 < 0.05). Conclusion: It is recommended that young women understand the risk of anaemia better by consuming ZINC tablets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging human and animal issue. The frequency of resistance to high importance antimicrobials, isolation of microbes of One Health importance and the nature and frequency of multi‐drug resistant (MDR) profiles in Australian small animal referral practice have not been described previously. Medical databases of two private small animal referral hospitals in Queensland, Australia were reviewed for culture and susceptibility (C&S) results from 1 January to 31 December 2020. Hospital site (H1 and H2), culture sample, C&S results and MDR were documented for samples from services operating at both locations. There were 631 microbial isolates and 386 susceptibility profiles from 438 samples. The predominant organism was Staphylococcus pseudintermedius at H1 (n = 95) and Escherichia coli at H2 (n = 23). The majority of samples were integumentary (H1 n = 216, H2 n = 75) or urogenital (H1 n = 74, H2 n = 70). MDR isolates were reported at both hospitals, and were significantly more likely at H1 (69/262, 26.3% vs. 12/121, 9.9%; P < 0.001). High levels of AMR including MDR profiles were reported at the two hospitals evaluated, but they had significantly different resistance patterns and microbial profiles. These results highlight the need to practice appropriate antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine, and are supportive for individual hospital surveillance with antibiograms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the recent theatrical rerelease of films has managed to bring large crowds back to the theaters, it is yet to be seen if rereleased films stimulate an increase in domestic tourist arrivals. In this regard, this study investigates the relationship between the viewers' impression of the film in question and their behavioral intentions. The role of a film's cognitive and affective images in shaping the viewers' willingness to travel is explored through direct and indirect effects of companion preference and willingness to pay. We use a sample of undergraduate and graduate students to test our hypotheses based on scales adapted from various studies. A total of 206 responses were collected and analyzed through PLS‐SEM. Results show a significant relationship between viewers' cognitive impression of the film, their willingness to pay, and willingness to travel. While films??? affective image did not affect viewers' behavioral intentions, it significantly affected their preference for having a companion. Our findings allow us to extend the current definitions of film tourism, which is limited to the idea of visiting destinations portrayed in the films. We then discuss how theatrical rereleases can assist destinations in elongating tourist stay and increase tourist arrivals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThis is the first study to combine both the women's preferences, impacts, and satisfaction during their labour and delivery experience and their companions for their role and impacts. Previously published papers examined either the preferences of pregnant women or those of their companions, which are few. Women's preferences, impacts, and satisfaction with their companions during labour and delivery were evaluated in this study.MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study was conducted between June 2022 and April 2024. As part of this study, labouring women as well as their companions were interviewed separately face-to-face in a private place, and all answers were kept anonymous and confidential. We evaluated each category separately based on two separate sections.ResultsThis study included a total of 444 labouring women and an equal number of companions, with mean ages of 32.25 years and 42.66 years, respectively. The majority of women and companions were housewives with college degrees. Among companions, mothers and husbands were the most preferred, and they were typically present from admission to discharge. Among women who had companions, 84.1% reported feeling calmer and more comfortable. 91.9% of companions supported women with encouraging words, and 92.6% perceived their support as highly beneficial to the women. Women expressed 94.8% satisfaction with the medical staff and 87.6% satisfaction with hospital services, while companions reported 96.6% and 74.8% satisfaction with the medical staff and hospital services, respectively.ConclusionsLabouring women appreciated and valued the presence of companions during childbirth as they had positive impacts. Mothers are the most preferred companions and preferred to be present from admission until discharge. Most companions support their labouring women by encouraging wards. Labouring women and companions were satisfied with the medical team and services provided to them. The presence and role of companions during the childbirth process are crucial and warrant emphasis.

Understanding of the methods of understanding and interpreting the sunnah of the companions who grew up under the guidance of the Prophet contributes to the understanding and interpretation of religion. However, each companion benefited from the Prophet as much as his own capacity and capability, so their comprehending of sunnah differentiated from each other. Ibn al-ʿAbbās, who refers to his opinions, is one of the companions whose opinions were consulted and expressed their opinions on the topic of sunnah. It is seen that He approached the sunnah with taking into account the reasons and purposes. In this context, the main questions of our study are as follows: What is Ibn al-ʿAbbās' approach to the sunnah? What are the issues that he accepts and does not accept as sunnah, especially in terms of prayer and hajj? Is it possible to see the basic principles of the purposeal approach of hadith in Ibn al-ʿAbbās's perception of sunnah? Throughout the study, answers to these questions will be sought and evaluations will be made based on the findings.In this article, are examined Ibn al-ʿAbbās' short biography and scientific knowledge, as well as the issues he accepted and did not accept as sunnah. Based on the issues discussed in the study, It is probable to say that it would be suitable to consider the reasons and purposes, environment and conditions that the Prophet pursued as Ibn al-ʿAbbās did. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution of the companions to the correct understanding of the hadiths and their transmission to the next generation is indisputable. For this reason, in the tradition of Islamic thought, a religious charisma was attributed to the companions. However, Muslim scholars discussed the issues that the companions were the subject of, especially the identification of the companions, justice of the companions and the legal value of the word of the companions. In discussions, it is important to determine the approaches and main arguments of the parties. Therefore, in this study, the approaches of Zâhirî scholars, who are considered within the tradition of Ahl al-Hadith, to the mentioned issues will be examined. In this research, it is aimed to determine the Zâhirî' perception of the companions and to determine whether they have a homogeneous structure in their approach to the companions. In this context, after giving the generally accepted approaches on every issue that the companions are the subject of, the understandings of the Zâhirî scholars were examined. Then, the approaches of Zâhirî scholars were compared with the understanding of the majority. It has been concluded that the Zâhirî scholars are allies on the definition of the companions, their acting against their own narrations, and the issue of the companions' justice, as well as agreeing with the majority of the hadith scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the role of companions in healthcare encounters, focusing on a previously unexamined context: the oncology visit with immigrant patients. By employing a methodological approach that combines elements of Goffman's footing and Conversation Analysis, this study discerns the social dynamics and communicative patterns among doctors, patients, and companions. Our focus on the companion yields an intricate picture of their multifaceted and dynamic participation, highlighting how their roles are not predefined and stable, but rather they are co-constructed and ongoingly negotiated among participants. Specifically, our analysis reveals that while companions initially maintain a peripheral position, aligning with the oncologist's focus on the patient as the primary recipient, they readily engage in active participation when the patient recruits them or when patient recipiency is problematic. As the anamnesis progresses, our investigation highlights the significance of the companion, showing their adept moves in response to the actions of both the patient and the oncologist. Their ability to offer linguistic assistance, insights into the patient's life circumstances, and documentation of previous tests is finely tuned to the developing interaction between the oncologist and the patient. In these ways the companions contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the patient and the overall effectiveness of the visit. The study's findings have significant implications for patient-centered care, particularly in diverse healthcare settings with immigrant patients. By recognizing and leveraging companion participation, healthcare practitioners can create more inclusive and equitable healthcare practices, optimizing their contributions for patient well-being.

Introduction: Self-efficacy during pregnancy is a self-assessment of one's ability to manage stress and perform important behaviors, especially in coping with pain. Women who benefit from the support of others during pregnancy feel more self-efficacious. The studiesshow that involving family members in education, support or presence during pregnancy has contradictory consequences. This study was therefore conducted with the aim of determining the effect of an accompanying training programme based on Bandura's theory on the mother's self-efficacy during childbirth. Material & Methods: This RCT was conducted on 60 primiparous mothers between 20 and 23 weeks of gestation who were admitted to Umm al-Banin Hospital in Mashhad and were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups. The control group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of oral and practical training. In addition to these sessions, training sessions based on Bandura's theory were held for the intervention group, includingtwo sessions of companions and pregnant mothers together and two sessionsalone. A demographic questionnaire and a Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI, Lowe, 1993) were completed by both groups before and immediately after the training. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, paired t-tests, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon in SPSS 16 software. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered. Findings: The average age of the mothers in the intervention group was 26.7±8.3 years and in the control group 28.3±5.9 years. In most cases, the mother 's companion was her sister (73.3%). Before the training, the mean value of self-efficacy was 82.5±22.3 in the intervention group and 87.5±32.4 in the control group (P = 0.492, independent t-test). After the training, the mean value of self-efficacy was 132.4±18.5 in the intervention group and 115.2±26.4 in the control group (P=0.006, Mann-Whitney test). Self-efficacy after the intervention compared to before increased by 49.9±31.3 in the intervention group and by 27.7±29.5 in the control group (P=0.007, Mann-Whitney test). In intragroup comparison, the difference between the intervention group after and before the training was significant (P

Enrekang Regency is the locus of stunting, although natural resources are so abundant compared to other districts in South Sulawesi but have a high rate, as well as child marriage, so it requires special assistance from the community or community-based in increasing family resilience. This study examines the capacity of community-based companions, with a theoretical approach to social assistance and dominated by the concept of Parsons et. al. stating that the empowerment process is generally carried out collectively. From the results of the study found, among others: high stunting rates, child marriage, and divorce rates so that single parents, especially women, can survive to continue their lives by gardening or farming (especially onion farmers). Along with the decline in family resilience that is happening in Enrekang district as a whole, local community-based mentors are needed, because they are the spearhead for a change, but the important problem is their lack of knowledge about the concept of mentoring. The research method used is a qualitative type of research, which focuses on collecting information or in-depth interviews, and this research was conducted for 3 months in 2022-2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study examined the social well-being of single older adults through the companionship of a social robot, LOVOT (Love+Robot; Groove X). It is designed as a companion for older adults, providing love and affection through verbal and physical interaction. We investigated older adults' perceptions of the technology and how they benefitted from interacting with LOVOT, to guide the future development of social robots. Objective: This study aimed to use a phenomenological research design to understand the participants' experiences of companionship provided by the social robot. Our research focused on (1) examining the social well-being of single older adults through the companionship of social robots and (2) understanding the perceptions of single older adults when interacting with social robots. Given the prevalence of technology use to support aging, understanding single older adults' social well-being and their perceptions of social robots is essential to guide future research on and design of social robots. Methods: A total of 5 single women, aged 60 to 75 years, participated in the study. The participants interacted independently with the robot for a week in their own homes and then participated in a poststudy interview to share their experiences. Results: In total, 4 main themes emerged from the participants' interactions with LOVOT, such as caring for a social robot, comforting presence of the social robot, meaningful connections with the social robot, and preference for LOVOT over pets. Conclusions: The results indicate that single older adults can obtain psychosocial support by interacting with LOVOT. LOVOT is easily accepted as a companion and makes single older adults feel like they have a greater sense of purpose and someone to connect with. This study suggests that social robots can provide companionship to older adults who live alone. Social robots can help alleviate loneliness by allowing single older adults to form social connections with robots as companions. These findings are particularly important given the rapid aging of the population and the increasing number of single-person households in Singapore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A variety of strategies have been implemented to identify, target, and prevent suicide in correctional settings. In recent decades, some prisons have adopted policies that use other incarcerated individuals to support people who have been identified as being at high risk of suicide. There has been little research on these policies and, of the few studies that have been conducted, all have relied on data from a single facility. This study takes a national approach by exploring how many departments of corrections (DOCs) include incarcerated individuals as part of their suicide prevention strategies and the characteristics of those programs. This study is an analysis of suicide prevention policies from state DOCs and the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) in the United States. The BOP and 15 state DOCs have written policies pertaining to the use of incarcerated individuals as components of suicide prevention programs. These programs differ in their expectations for incarcerated individuals, with some focusing solely on observation of people in crisis and others emphasizing befriending and mentoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the use of three words used for a female spouse in the Holy Quran: wife, woman and companion. Specifically, it seeks to find if there is a semantic difference between these three terms and the characteristics that determine their classification. The data were collected from all the Quranic verses in which these terms appear. The terms themselves were clustered into specific groups and analyzed in their contexts, i.e. the verses themselves or the ones preceding or following them. The findings indicate that “wife” is used to describe the spouse whose relationship with her husband is characterized with physical intimacy, mental compatibility, religious adherence, mutual love, and birth-giving. “Woman” is used to describe a spouse who disagrees with her husband religiously or who is barren. A “companion” is used to describe a female spouse who no longer has any relation with her husband whatsoever or to deny the existence of matrimony altogether. The study provides important implications for translators of the Holy Quran so as to appropriately render the text into the target language.

Copyright of Jurnal Locus: Penelitian dan Pengabdian is the property of Riviera Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Self-efficacy during pregnancy is a self-assessment of one's ability to manage stress and perform important behaviors, especially in coping with pain. Women who benefit from the support of others during pregnancy feel more self efficacious. The studies show that involving family members in education, support or presence during pregnancy has contradictory consequences. This study was therefore conducted with the aim of determining the effect of an accompanying training programme based on Bandura's theory on the mother's self-efficacy during childbirth. Material & Methods: This RCT was conducted on 60 primiparous mothers between 20 and 23 weeks of gestation who were admitted to Umm al-Banin Hospital in Mashhad and were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups. The control group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of oral and practical training. In addition to these sessions, training sessions based on Bandura's theory were held for the intervention group, including two sessions of companions and pregnant mothers together and two sessions alone. A demographic questionnaire and a Childbirth Self Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI, Lowe, 1993) were completed by both groups before and immediately after the training. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, paired t tests, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon in SPSS 16 software. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered. Findings: The average age of the mothers in the intervention group was 26.7±8.3 years and in the control group 28.3±5.9 years. In most cases, the mother 's companion was her sister (73.3%). Before the training, the mean value of self-efficacy was 82.5±22.3 in the intervention group and 87.5±32.4 in the control group (P = 0.492, independent t-test). After the training, the mean value of self-efficacy was 132.4±18.5 in the intervention group and 115.2±26.4 in the control group (P=0.006, Mann-Whitney test). Self-efficacy after the intervention compared to before increased by 49.9±31.3 in the intervention group and by 27.7±29.5 in the control group (P=0.007, Mann-Whitney test). In intragroup comparison, the difference between the intervention group after and before the training was significant (P<0.001, Wilcoxon test). The difference between before and after the training was also significant in the control group (P<0.001, paired t-test). Discussion & Conclusion: Companion training based on Bandura's theory has an effect on the self-efficacy of pregnant women during childbirth and is recommended as a training method for childbirth preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residual neural network (ResNet) is a Deep Learning model introduced by He et al. in 2015 to enhance traditional convolutional neural networks proposed to solve computer vision problems. It uses skip connections over some layer blocks to avoid vanishing gradient problem. Currently, many researches are focused to test and prove the efficiency of the ResNet on different domains such as genomics. In fact, the study of human genomes provides important information on the detection of diseases and their best treatments. Therefore, most of the scientists opted for bioinformatics solutions to get results in a reasonable time. In this paper, our interest is to show the effectiveness of the ResNet model on genomics. For that, we propose two new ResNet models to enhance the results of two genomic problems previously resolved by CNN models. The obtained results are very promising and they proved the performance of our ResNet models compared to the CNN models.

This study sought to enhance current dog training practices by determining whether a finding from human motor skill learning research, the contextual interference (CI) effect, could be replicated in a trick‐training paradigm with companion dogs. In humans, research shows that practicing skills in random order, as compared with blocked order, improves learning of those skills. To test this question in dogs, we randomly allocated 17 dogs to blocked training (low CI) or random training (high CI). The dogs performed three behaviors of varying difficulty. After training, we conducted a retention test in which half of the dogs in each group performed the tasks in blocked order and the other half in random order. We scored each trick, measured duration, and measured whether dogs required one or two tries to perform a behavior. We found no significant differences between dogs who practiced three tricks in random or in blocked order during training and during a retention test. This study is the first to apply the CI effect to dog trick training. Although no evidence of the CI effect was found, the current research provides a preliminary framework for future studies with potential implications for increasing retention of trained skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childbirth is a biological process and how it is experienced and managed is influenced by numerous factors, among them, socio-cultural or health care received. Objective: The objective of this study is to ascertain whether cultural factors influence the way in which women deal with childbirth through the treatment of pain, companionship and maternal satisfaction. Methods: This study is a non-experimental, quantitative, ex post facto, cross-sectional study of women who gave birth in a border town in southern Spain. The sample consisted of 249 women. Results: No relationship was found between cultural factors and the choice of epidural analgesia, alternative methods to alleviate pain, being accompanied nor maternal satisfaction. There was a significant relationship between the type of companionship and with maternal satisfaction. Conclusions: Cultural factors did not influence how women dealt with dilation and childbirth. Results found that the person accompanying the mother was important for increasing maternal satisfaction. The intercultural training of healthcare professionals is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer survivors' (BCSs') sexual health (SH) clinical conversations are rarely studied from a dyadic perspective let alone from a triadic perspective. Using a triadic approach, we evaluated BCSs' comfort discussing SH with partners present and identified factors that can contribute to their comfort level. Qualitative approach using in-depth interviews. 93 BCSs, partners, and providers involved in BCS care. In-depth interviews with BCSs, partners, and providers explored triadic perspectives to understand factors informing BCSs' comfort level. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data. Four themes characterize potential benefits of partner presence: 1) partner facilitates information exchange, 2) partner realizes BCS's SH concerns are "a real thing," 3) partner better understands SH challenges, and 4) partner presence encourages relational communication about SH. Five themes illustrate potential complications of partner presence: 1) partner feels/becomes embarrassed, 2) partner is/becomes defensive, 3) partner presence constrains BCS's agency in clinical conversations, 4) partner presence threatens partner's view of BCS as a sexual being, and 5) partner presence increases partner burden. Providers should (1) initiate conversations about BCS comfort with partner presence, (2) be aware of the interaction between BCS primary and secondary goals, (3) consider how BCS/partner goal conflicts obstruct BCS agency and sexual/relational health, and (4) offer opportunities to clarify goals and expectations, and coordinate therapeutic options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Companions commonly participate in medical visits to facilitate the interactions between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and older patients. Multiple studies have investigated the contributions and roles of companions in these triadic interactions. However, no review has synthesized these studies. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to synthesize the contributions and roles of companions in medical interactions between HCPs and older patients. The review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. Peer-reviewed studies published prior to August 17, 2023 were included if they concentrated on the contributions and roles of companions in medical interactions between HCPs and older patients. Thirteen eligible studies were identified through database and manual searches. The findings of these studies were synthesized using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged: (1) facilitating the delivery of patient information to HCPs; (2) advocating for older patients; (3) taking an active role in medical consultations; and (4) neglecting/excluding older patients from medical consultations. The review highlighted the valuable support and potential challenges that companion participation brings to interactions between HCPs and older patients. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing HCPs' communication skills in such triadic consultations. ● Companions play crucial roles in facilitating patient information exchange. ● Companions advocate for the needs of older patients during consultations. ● Companions taking initiative positively impacts medical consultations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Dogs are considered man's best friend, with many owners sharing a close relationship with their dogs. This affection increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, as owners spent more time with their canines during the lockdowns and quarantines. During this time, owners noted how their dogs helped reduce their stress and anxiety. Yet, of concern is the known natural infection/transmission of SARS-CoV-2 reported in numerous animals (e.g., cats, minks, deer), necessitating the need to determine if dogs can contract or spread SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we focused on the human–canine interface of COVID-19 and the positives and negatives of this interface. We found that dogs can get COVID-19 from their owners but are asymptomatic when infected—it is unclear if it affects the health of dogs. Research is inconclusive on if dogs can transmit SARS-CoV-2 to their owners. Although dogs could be hosts, they are beneficial beyond just stress relief. Sniffer dogs can rapidly detect COVID-19-positive individuals in crowds, with almost 80% success in distinguishing between positive and negative people. Overall, we emphasize that more research is needed to understand the role of dogs in the interspecies spread and even contraction of SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 is one of the deadliest epidemics. This pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the role of dogs in spreading the disease in human society is poorly understood. This review sheds light on the limited susceptibility of dogs to COVID-19 infections which is likely attributed to the relatively low levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the respiratory tract and the phylogenetic distance of ACE2 in dogs from the human ACE2 receptor. The low levels of ACE2 affect the binding affinity between spike and ACE2 proteins resulting in it being uncommon for dogs to spread the disease. To demonstrate the role of dogs in spreading COVID-19, we reviewed the epidemiological studies and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in dogs. Additionally, we discussed the use of detection dogs as a rapid and reliable method for effectively discriminating between SARS-CoV-2 infected and non-infected individuals using different types of samples (secretions, saliva, and sweat). We considered the available information on COVID-19 in the human–dog interfaces involving the possibility of transmission of COVID-19 to dogs by infected individuals and vice versa, the human–dog behavior changes, and the importance of preventive measures because the risk of transmission by domestic dogs remains a concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Quarterly Social: Religious Research Journal Noor-e-Marfat is the property of Quarterly Social & Religious Research Journal "NOOR-E-MARFAT" and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Overweight and obesity, associated with various health complications, refer to abnormal or excessive fat accumulation conditions that harm health. Like humans, obesity is a growing problem in dogs, which may increase the risk of serious diseases such as diabetes and cancer. Mulberry leaf has shown potential anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects in several studies. Our research studied the impact of mulberry leaf supplements in healthy old overweight dogs for 12 weeks. Blood and fecal samples were collected from the dogs before and after treatment for different analyses, including whole transcriptome and gut microbiome analysis. The Body Condition Score (BCS) and blood glucose levels were significantly decreased in all mulberry treatment groups, which justifies the anti-obesity effect of mulberry leaf in dogs. Throughout the whole transcriptome study, the downregulation of PTX3 and upregulation of PDCD-1, TNFRSF1B, RUNX3, and TICAM1 genes in the high mulberry group were found, which have been associated with anti-inflammatory effects in the literature. It may be an essential gene expression mechanism responsible for the anti-inflammatory and, subsequently, anti-obesity effects associated with mulberry leaf treatment, as confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. In microbiome analysis, Papillibacter cinnamivorans, related to the Mediterranean diet, which may cause anti-inflammatory effects, were abundant in the same treatment group. Further studies may be required to establish the gene expression mechanism and role of abundant bacteria in the anti-obesity effect of mulberry supplements in dogs. Overall, we propose mulberry leaves as a portion of food supplements for improving blood glucose levels and the anti-inflammation of blood in companion dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationships between two female characters in each of the three novels by Margaret Atwood, Cat's Eye (1988), Alias Grace (1996) and The Blind Assassin (2000). It identifies a common pattern that characterises all three protagonists and proposes the term companion to refer to and analyse the other three secondary female characters. This paper harnesses the Jungian notion of the four primary archetypes (Persona, Animus/Anima, Shadow and Self) which will be used as tools to assess the characters and their relationships under the lens of Jung's process of individuation. This paper argues that these relationships present examples of splitting and intertwining of identities, which, with the aid of Adrienne Rich's concept of the lesbian continuum, will come to show the nuances of female relationships and their relevance when it comes to representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Community-dwelling older adults are at risk of malnutrition due to age-related declines in energy and nutrient intake. While the positive effect of dining companions on energy and nutrient intake has been suggested, evidence remains inconclusive. This study investigated the association between the number of dining companions and energy and nutrient intake, as well as the contribution of specific food groups to higher intake in the presence of dining companions., Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2865 community-dwelling older adults. The number of dining companions was assessed through self-administered questionnaires and categorized into three groups (none, 1, ≥2). Dietary intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to control for potential confounders., Results: Participants dining with two or more companions consumed significantly more energy (β 143.85; 95% CI: 30.05, 257.65; p for trend = 0.01), protein (β 6.32; 95% CI: 1.05, 11.59), fat (β 6.78; 95% CI: 2.44, 11.12; p for trend = 0.002), and carbohydrates (β 17.43; 95% CI: 1.48, 33.37; p for trend = 0.06) compared to those dining alone. They also consumed higher amounts of rice, fats and oils, meat, other vegetables, fruits, and mushrooms., Conclusions: Dining with two or more companions is associated with greater energy and nutrient intake, particularly from energy- and nutrient-dense foods. Encouraging shared meals could serve as a potential approach to support dietary quality and address risks of malnutrition in older adults.

Review-essay of 3 Companions and an Oxford Handbook to Science Fiction (2003-2014).

Ayesha (RA), an enviable role model in her knowledge of the mysteries of the Shaira & religion. She personalizes morals & purity of character. Her visionary examples are remarkable and she was one of the chosen people who simultaneously had the status of a standard in various sciences. After the death of holy prophet (pbuh), she had the status of a reference point in the Islamic sciences. Companions used to stay in front of her jurisprudential insight and knowledge and often referred to her in their problems. Ayesha (RA) is one of the pioneer of narrators whose heart was the treasure of the hadiths of the holy Prophet (pbuh). She used to be extremely careful in extracting narration and narrations. This paper presents unqiue features of her personality with utmost services of her insightful knowledge of Isalm.

Background: The usefulness of both the presence of a companion at the medical consultation and patient's cognitive complaints as selection strategies for performing a dementia evaluation is still unclear.Objectives: To estimate the association of elderly patients being accompanied during medical visits and patient's memory complaint with objective cognitive impairment.Methods: We included elderly outpatients awaiting medical consultations in 3 non-neurological medical specialties. Demographic and Mini-Mental State Examination were collected. Patients' memory complaints were evaluated with a single question to both patients and companions.Results: Five hundred ninety-three elderly patients were included in the study with 64.6% female and median (interquartile range) age 73 (68-78), 4 (2-6) years of education. Of these, 242 patients were accompanied and 62.6% presented memory complaints. The median (interquartile range) Mini-Mental State Examination scores were significantly lower in patients accompanied and in those with memory complaints. In a logistic regression model, age, education, memory complaint, and presence of companion were associated with cognitive impairment. In the model including only accompanied patients, only age and companion memory complaints were associated with objective cognitive impairment.Conclusions: The presence of a companion during a clinical consultation and patients' memory complaints are both synergistically associated with objective cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To examine loneliness experienced by middle-aged and older Chinese immigrants and its association with accepting technology as a companion (apps, Internet and robots) versus owning pets, when social distancing measures were implemented in New Zealand during the first COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: This study conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey. Chinese immigrants who were 45–87 years old (n = 173) were invited to answer an online survey in the Chinese language, collecting demographic data, responses to the 6-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and experiences in using technology and pet ownership. Descriptive analyses and inferential statistics tests were utilised in the data analysis. Results: A moderate level of overall loneliness with a mean score of 3.68 (SD 1.84), ranging from 0 to 6, was reported by participants. Emotional and social loneliness ranged from 0 to 3 with mean scores of 1.69 (SD 0.98) and 1.99 (SD 1.24), respectively. Self-reported health, financial status, English language abilities, transportation and experiences of using the Internet and apps were significantly related to experiencing loneliness. Loneliness had a weak association with acceptance of robots and pets, but 67.8% and 58.3% of participants who felt lonely, accepted companionship of robots and pets, respectively. Conclusions: The level of loneliness among older and middle-aged immigrants increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further evidence of the specific dimensions of loneliness and the utility of technology to alleviate loneliness among immigrant groups is needed. Interventions tailored for older people with specific cultural requirements to address loneliness are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of a finite chain ring has already been described by Wirt in 1972 and others later. The purpose of this article is to describe another structure of a finite chain ring as a ring of square matrices over Galois ring using the companion matrix of a certain Eisenstein polynomial over Galois ring. Such a companion matrix generates the unique maximal ideal of the corresponding matrix chain ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the fact that in Russian historiography there are no comprehensive studies devoted to the study of religious-legal system of the early Arab-Muslim state, some points of this question remain poorly understood. This paper examines the policy of the early Arab-Muslim States in relation to prisoners of war and its legal support. It is well known that the formation of the religious right of the Muslim Ummah was influenced by Islam. In fact, prior to Islam there were no state, commonly agreed rules in Arabia. With the advent of Islam many things changed: statehood was introduced; the political and religious leader was elected; the Sharia became the common law. The institution of slavery underwent complex changes. So, according to Islam, a slave could only be a prisoner of war. Under no circumstances a free man, not exhibiting hostility, could be enslaved. The Koran does not say about the permissibility of violent enslavement. To the prisoner deserved a good attitude, despite the fact that he fought in his time against Muslims. Civilians, which did not take part in military acts, had the privilege.

Copyright of Journal of The Iraqi University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Companions of the field of rational numbers and a real-closed algebraic expansion of the field of rational numbers are studied. The description of existentially closed companions of a real-closed algebraic expansion of a field of rational numbers refers to the field of study of classical algebraic structures. The general theory of companions and existentially closed companions, built on the basis of Fraisse's classes in the works of A.T. Nurtazin, is included in the classical field of existentially closed theories in model theory. The basic concept of a companion: two models of the same signature are called companions if for any finite submodel of one of them, there is an isomorphic finite submodel in the other. This approach, applied to specific classical structures and their theories, provides new tools for the study of these objects. The study of the companion class of rational and algebraic real number fields reveals companion fields containing transcendental and possibly algebraic elements with special properties of polynomials defining these elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowing different personalities among the Companions, the first generation of Islam, each of which has different characteristics and values, makes it easier to make some inferences by taking pictures of that period. In this context many Companions have been the subject of studies. This study aims to contribute and light the research in this field. The Companions, first of all, were educated by the Prophet himself and learned the orders and prohibitions of religion from him. Thanks to this training they received, the companions fulfilled the bureaucratic duties such as the qadiship, clerkship, embassy, governorship, commandership etc., that the Prophet had given them when the day came. In this study, al-'Alā' al-Haḍramī, who belongs to the Kinda tribe of the Hadramut region, and a Muslim in the early period, although we encounter him in historical events after the Hudaybiye treaty, he took part in the political, administrative and economic cadres of the state established by the Prophet in Medina due to his qualities, has been searched. The prophet assigned al-'Alā' al-Haḍramī to some official duties, due to some of his qualifications, at a time when it was not sufficient to be able to read and write only to be appointed to a task, but absolute merit was essential. In the research, some of the issues that caused debate about the bureaucratic duties he performed during the period of the Prophet, Abu Bakr and Umar will be analyzed and will be tried to be clarified bringing the data about al-'Alā' al-Haḍramī from different sources together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Islamic & Religious Studies / Majallah-yi ʿUlūm-i Islāmiyyah va Dīniyyah is the property of University of Haripur, Pakistan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)