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Background: Communication is considered an inherent element of nearly every implementation strategy. Often it is seen as a means for imparting new information between stakeholders, representing a Transaction orientation to communication. From a Process orientation, communication is more than information-exchange and is acknowledged as being shaped by (and shaping) the individuals involved and their relationships with one another. As the field of Implementation Science (IS) works to strengthen theoretical integration, we encourage an interdisciplinary approach that engages communication theory to develop richer understanding of strategies and determinants of practice. Methods: We interviewed 28 evaluators, 12 implementors, and 12 administrators from 21 Enterprise-Wide Initiatives funded by the Department of Veteran Affairs Office of Rural Health. Semi-structured interviews focused on experiences with implementation and evaluation strategies. We analyzed the interviews using thematic analysis identifying a range of IS constructs. Then we deductively classified those segments based on a Transaction or Process orientation to communication. Results: We organized findings using the two IS constructs most commonly discussed in interviews: Collaboration and Leadership Buy-in. The majority of segments coded as Collaboration (n = 34, 74%) and Leadership Buy-in (n = 31, 70%) discussed communication from a Transaction orientation and referred to communication as synonymous with information exchange, which emphasizes the task over the relationships between the individuals performing the tasks. Conversely, when participants discussed Collaboration and Leadership Buy-in from a Process orientation, they acknowledged both constructs as the result of long-term efforts to develop positive relationships based on trust and respect, and emphasized the time costliness of such strategies. Our findings demonstrate that participants who discussed communication from a Process orientation recognized the nuance and complexity of interpersonal interactions, particularly in the context of IS. Conclusions: Efficient, reliable information exchange is a critical but often overemphasized element of implementation. Practitioners and researchers must recognize and incorporate the larger role of communication in IS. Two suggestions for engaging a Process orientation to communication are to: (a) use interview probes to learn how communication is enacted, and (b) use process-oriented communication theories to develop interventions and evaluation tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of health misinformation has made the task of health communicators more difficult. However, the success of health messaging hinges not only on meaningful message content but also on the credibility of who is delivering the message. "Trusted messengers," like local leaders and community-based organizations, have a greater ability to influence improvements in community health, due to their shared cultural experience with their communities. Health communication agencies should empower trusted messengers with the tools they need to succeed in health communication. One tool critical for their success is a succinct health messaging framework to plan and implement health messaging. Marketing has "See, Think, Do"—a simple, practical framework used to influence consumer purchases. As a more trustworthy corollary, we propose the "Lights, Facts, and Goals" framework, a concise, authentic, and transparent method for planning, implementing, and assessing health messaging campaigns that influence health improvements. "Lights" refers to different methods of reaching communities like trusted messengers, advertisements, and text messages. "Facts" refers to key sourced scientific information relevant to a specific aspect of community health. "Goals" refers to actions community members can take to improve their health in connection with the communicated health facts. This article describes how the "Lights, Facts, and Goals" framework both simplifies the creation and communication of scientifically sound health messaging and strengthens the partnership between health agencies and trusted messengers in the community. Through "Lights, Facts, and Goals," community-based organizations, community leaders, and their partners will be more effective at improving community health through messaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Background Communication is considered an inherent element of nearly every implementation strategy. Often it is seen as a means for imparting new information between stakeholders, representing a Transaction orientation to communication. From a Process orientation, communication is more than information-exchange and is acknowledged as being shaped by (and shaping) the individuals involved and their relationships with one another. As the field of Implementation Science (IS) works to strengthen theoretical integration, we encourage an interdisciplinary approach that engages communication theory to develop richer understanding of strategies and determinants of practice. Methods We interviewed 28 evaluators, 12 implementors, and 12 administrators from 21 Enterprise-Wide Initiatives funded by the Department of Veteran Affairs Office of Rural Health. Semi-structured interviews focused on experiences with implementation and evaluation strategies. We analyzed the interviews using thematic analysis identifying a range of IS constructs. Then we deductively classified those segments based on a Transaction or Process orientation to communication. Results We organized findings using the two IS constructs most commonly discussed in interviews: Collaboration and Leadership Buy-in. The majority of segments coded as Collaboration (n = 34, 74%) and Leadership Buy-in (n = 31, 70%) discussed communication from a Transaction orientation and referred to communication as synonymous with information exchange, which emphasizes the task over the relationships between the individuals performing the tasks. Conversely, when participants discussed Collaboration and Leadership Buy-in from a Process orientation, they acknowledged both constructs as the result of long-term efforts to develop positive relationships based on trust and respect, and emphasized the time costliness of such strategies. Our findings demonstrate that participants who discussed communication from a Process orientation recognized the nuance and complexity of interpersonal interactions, particularly in the context of IS. Conclusions Efficient, reliable information exchange is a critical but often overemphasized element of implementation. Practitioners and researchers must recognize and incorporate the larger role of communication in IS. Two suggestions for engaging a Process orientation to communication are to: (a) use interview probes to learn how communication is enacted, and (b) use process-oriented communication theories to develop interventions and evaluation tools.

The concept of attention has proven to be very relevant in artificial intelligence. Relative entropy (RE, aka Kullback‐Leibler divergence) plays a central role in communication theory. Here, these concepts, attention, and RE are combined. RE guides optimal encoding of messages in bandwidth‐limited communication as well as optimal message decoding via the maximum entropy principle. In the coding scenario, RE can be derived from four requirements, namely being analytical, local, proper, and calibrated. Weighted RE, used for attention steering in communications, turns out to be improper. To see how proper attention communication can emerge, a scenario of a message sender who wants to ensure that the receiver of the message can perform well‐informed actions is analyzed. In case only the curvature of the utility function maxima are known, it becomes desirable to accurately communicate an attention function, in this case a by this curvature weighted and re‐normalized probability function. Entropic attention communication is here proposed as the desired generalization of entropic communication that permits weighting while being proper, thereby aiding the design of optimal communication protocols in technical applications and helping to understand human communication. It provides the level of cooperation expected under misaligned interests of otherwise honest communication partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The springing up of large language models (LLMs) has shifted the community from single-task-orientated natural language processing (NLP) research to a holistic end-to-end multi-task learning paradigm. Along this line of research endeavors in the area, LLM-based prompting methods have attracted much attention, partially due to the technological advantages brought by prompt engineering (PE) as well as the underlying NLP principles disclosed by various prompting methods. Traditional supervised learning usually requires training a model based on labeled data and then making predictions. In contrast, PE methods directly use the powerful capabilities of existing LLMs (e.g., GPT-3 and GPT-4) via composing appropriate prompts, especially under few-shot or zero-shot scenarios. Facing the abundance of studies related to the prompting and the ever-evolving nature of this field, this article aims to 1) illustrate a novel perspective to review existing PE methods within the well-established communication theory framework, 2) facilitate a better/deeper understanding of developing trends of existing PE methods used in three typical tasks, and 3) shed light on promising research directions for future PE methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to highlight the great importance that intercultural communication has, especially in the circumstances of multi-ethnic life not only in Kosovo, but also more widely in the Balkans, etc. As a result of this research, it appears that intercultural communication in Albanian, but also Balkan studies, has not been researched enough and deserves to be followed and advanced in the future. Intercultural communication is a wide spectrum of heterogeneous knowledge and integrated into textual wholes in different languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how post characteristics impact user engagement on university Facebook pages. We analysed 5,825 posts from 155 Vietnamese universities over 36 days using multilevel mixed-effects negative binomial regression. The study focuses on content types (hedonic, utilitarian and social, based on uses and gratifications theory), media formats, posting schedules and post length. The number of reactions, comments and shares measured user engagement. Results show that social content decreases levels of engagement overall. Hedonic content increases reactions but reduces shares compared to utilitarian content. Visual content and posts made midweek, on weekends, and on afternoons, generate higher engagement. On the other hand, longer posts correlate with fewer reactions and comments but more shares. Our findings emphasise the importance of strategic social media planning for universities. They highlight the need to balance content types and consider timing and format when creating posts.

Framing, a prominent communication theory, is often lamented as a fractured paradigm, leading some to offer radical changes to its conceptualization, operationalization, and application. Using a meta-theoretical and computational approach, we analyze three decades of framing research to examine academic silos, specializations, the canon's formation, gender inequalities, authors' origins, countries studied, and methods used in framing research. Instead of silos, our analysis of 5,291 papers and over 170,000 citations identified specializations formed around a core of canonic texts. While framing research has become more diverse over the years, males affiliated with U.S. institutions still predominately author canonical works. Results reject the isolated-silos hypothesis in favor of a view of framing as a bridging networked paradigm, coalescing around core assumptions, definitions, and approaches. These findings contrast with the common fractured-paradigm narrative and challenge calls for radical solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few decades, self-help books on communication have ranked among the top titles on bestseller lists. Offering advice about improving communication skills in a variety of contexts, they both reflect and promote a widespread discourse about the importance of good communication in everyday life, in what is in fact a paradoxical endeavor – solving flawed communication with more communication. Based on an analysis of 18 bestselling self-help books, the paper examines the meaning of three recurring themes – "listening," "awareness" and "practice" – and analyzes the paradoxical relationship between what the books say about communication and how they say it. The findings serve to illuminate the relationship between communication and metacommunication more broadly, which, in turn, helps to explain the conditions by which authors express their ideas – their selection of textuality, despite, and precisely because of, its difference from oral talk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we present an alternative framework that resists hegemonic social sciences within data-driven communication theorizing through a culture-centered approach (CCA). Building on the CCA in co-creating voice infrastructures at the margins, we argue that data justice requires transforming interpretive data framings, disrupting the hegemonic registers of knowledge production constituted around data, and working with/through data to challenge the structures of capitalism and colonialism that circulate the practices of exploitation and extraction. We build upon community-engaged projects emergent from the CCA in/with/from the Global South to propose the CODE^SHIFT Model, grounded in principles of equity-mindedness, collective impact, purposiveness, and systemic change. It highlights what data justice looks like in various stages of community-led transformation: identifying pressing social problems; bridging cross-sector coalitions and partnerships; organizing for collective impact activities; and sustaining capacity building. We reframe data as pluriversal, embodied, sacred, sovereign, disruptive, solidarity, and impossibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication seeks internal coherence and external distinction as its research profile grows and diversifies. The present essay calls for the establishment of scientific principles to guide future communication research and solidify the field's unique scholarly identity within the marketplace of ideas. An argument is made that the field has achieved the necessary foundations to establish scientific principles but has yet to embrace this undertaking as a collective goal. This offering is intended as an initial foray into the process of identifying and evaluating scientific principles of communication by considering the value of these fundamental pillars for the field's maturation. It proposes evaluation criteria which are then applied in a rendering of two candidate principles. These observations aim to initiate a broader conversation and spark a collective effort toward elucidating scientific principles of communication that can help to guide and anchor the field in its next stage of knowledge generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication is a theory-driven discipline, but does it always need to be? This article raises questions related to the role of theory in communication science, with the goal of providing a thoughtful discussion about what theory is, why theory is (or is not) important, the role of exploration in theory development, what constitutes a theoretical contribution, and the current state of theory in the field. We describe communication researchers' interest with theory by assessing the number of articles in the past decade of research that mention theory (nearly 80% of papers have attended to theory in some way). This article concludes with a forward-looking view of how scholars might think about theory in their work, why exploratory research should be valued more and not considered as conflicting with theory, and how conceptual clarity related to theoretical interests and contributions are imperative for human communication research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Kolchinsky and Wolpert's work on the semantics of autonomous agents, I propose an application of Mathematical Logic and Probability to model cognitive processes. In this work, I will follow Bateson's insights on the hierarchy of learning in complex organisms and formalize his idea of applying Russell's Type Theory. Following Weaver's three levels for the communication problem, I link the Kolchinsky–Wolpert model to Bateson's insights, and I reach a semantic and conceptual hierarchy in living systems as an explicative model of some adaptive constraints. Due to the generality of Kolchinsky and Wolpert's hypotheses, I highlight some fundamental gaps between the results in current Artificial Intelligence and the semantic structures in human beings. In light of the consequences of my model, I conclude the paper by proposing a general definition of knowledge in probabilistic terms, overturning de Finetti's Subjectivist Definition of Probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural elements of the verbal process appear in the message as different roles or functions that shape the nature and structure of the speech. Communication theory is one of the most coherent plans of speech act proposed by Roman Jacobsen, a Russian formalist and theorist. Jacobsen's communication model begins with six formative factors in a communication act. The existence of three main factors of sender, receiver and message and three sub-factors of context, code and contact are necessary in the formation of the communication process. Jaber Mohammad Abbas al-Jaberi (Madin al-Mousavi) is one of the prominent Iraqi poets. Mohammad Kazemi Kazemi is an Afghan immigrant poet who played a prominent role in the growth of Afghan resistance poetry. Through a descriptive-analytical method, the current research aims to compare the linguistic functions of Jaber Al-Jaberi's and Mohammad Kazem Kazemi's discourse of resistance, relying on Roman Jacobsen's communication model, so that, considering the communication components in the aforementioned theory, it can provide a new reading of the two poet’s poetry of resistance. 2. Methodology The discourse of resistance is one of the most important themes that has a long history based on the events that happened throughout history in the two countries of Iraq and Afghanistan; therefore, by examining resistance literature in the poetry of these two poets and analyzing the themes of resistance in their poems - relying on the communication themes of Roman Jacobsen- it is possible to do a different reading of the literary texts and highlight the elements of resistance. By examining the constituent elements of verbal processes, it is possible to achieve different functions in these poems that form the nature and structure of the author's speech and message. the present research, therefore, seeks to show the reader a different style of analysis of the elements of resistance by considering the common aspects of elements of resistance in the poetry of Abbas Jaberi and Mohammad Kazem Kazemi and analyzing it based on Jacobsen's theory. 3 Discussion . Content review Poems by Jaber Al-Jaberi and Mohammad Kazem Kazemi, two contemporary Iraqi and Afghan poets of the resistance theme, are realistic about the political, social, and cultural events of their homeland. The lived experience of both poets in a land far from their homeland and in exile, forces them both to think about, and depict it in the form of poems of persistence and struggle, and they see it as their mission as poets to do. Jacobsen's theory of communication is considered a suitable tool for analyzing literary texts with different themes; therefore, this study analyzes poems of resistance by applying Jacobsen's theory. The purpose of this study is to investigate the literary style of two poets of resistance poetry. After collecting poetic data from both poets, their linguistic roles have been investigated and analyzed within the framework of Roman Jacobsen's communication model. 3-1-1. Emotive role One of the tasks of linguistic roles is to express personal-emotional states and to analyze human inner feelings. In some verses, Jaberi uses the objective pronoun ت) me) instead of ک) you) and creates an emotional image in his poem to remind people of, and to arouse their feelings against oppression. By reprimanding and blaming his people, instead of lamenting and regretting, he encourages them to resist and be brave, and reminds them that instead of crying over the graves of the dead, they should be firm like a mountain and seek to shine like the light of the moon: Your promise../ Who will cry out from the generations/ Or all of me will come that one is the moon. The poem begins with the imperative "Silence!" and addressing people, which form the persuasive and emotional linguistic roles, and in the continuation, the emotional role, becomes the dominant role. Since the emotional structure is speaker-based, first person pronoun in verbs such as ام گفته ،ام کرده) I have done, I have said) and those like ،منم من) me, I’m), repeated several times in Kazemi's poems, are the main axis in the emotional function. Although, in terms of linguistic structure, there are other functions such as referential and persuasive functions in these verses, the emotional function is the dominant element. 3-1-2. Conative role Among other functions of language is its conative role. One of the indicators of the conative role is the use of phonetic construction. The function of the address term یا) You!) is due to the phonetic pattern and its syntactic role. By chanting and repeating the word "Karbala", Jaberi informs the audience of an event that makes him think and remember the incident of Karbala. Jaberi's use of the most obvious means of persuasiveness, i.e. the addressing technique and talking to Karbala as his special audience, directly persuades the addressee (receiver) of the message and conveys a message in which there is no possibility of truth or falsity, and the audience is aware of the events of the real world and the extratextual context is also referred to. 3-1-3. Phatic role When the message is directed towards the connection (communication channel), the empathic function is realized. Using questioning tools to start a communication is one of the poet's verbal arts. An interrogative words like لماذا) why) is a communication channel in these verses that opens up the conversation and shapes the phatic role. Jaberi's creative reference to historical events such as the oppression against Imam Ali (A), the wounding of Hazrat Zahra (pbuh) behind the door of their house, etc., is another channel of communication between him and the recipient of his message. 3-1-4. Referential role When the poet (sender) takes help from the elements that can be received with senses or intuition, he has benefited from the descriptive role of language. The referential function, however, refers to the content of the messege. In some verses, Jaberi focuses the audience's mind on one main topic, namely Quds, and by repeating the کلون ِعینیک, he refers the audience to the real conditions of Quds; with the help of this reference, he conveys the meaning and message of his poem. Jaberi's use of several phonetic styles in the final stanza, ِأنت یا ًقدرا ویا ًوعدا یا ُقدس یا apparently used a phatic function in the construction of his words, but it seems to complete the referential role that he expressed in his previous verses. By repeating the verb "said", Kazemi refers the audience to the outer context of the text and conveys the ideology hidden in the semantic layers of his poem to the recipient of the message in the construction of a referential linguistic role. In Kazemi's verses, according to the orientation of the message of the sender (poet) towards the subject, the referential role of the element is dominant. 3-1-5. Metalingual role Another role of language that seeks to recognize the code used in the message is the metalingual function. The meaning of code here is the one used in communication theory. The use of religious symbols, personality, nature, color, etc. in Jaberi's poems is in line with the transfer of the poet's desired themes and contents, and indicates Jaberi's powerful and poetic thought. Among the symbols that are used a lot in Jaberi's poetry of is اللیل) tonight). Night is a confusing word in the political atmosphere of Iraq. Kazami also uses symbolic language in the discourse of Afghanistan and uses it to create a metalingual structure in his poetry. He beautifully uses a religious symbol in the poem “Kando” and says: "Do not let Zulfiqar turn to the side of someone/ who should roam the field without being hurt by his heart" (Kazemi, 2012, p. 56). Zulfiqar is a symbol of Imam Ali's bravery. 3-1-6. Poetic role Another main function in the verbal message is the poetic role. When the direction of the message is towards itelf, poetic role is at work. In an ode, Jaberi conveys his message well by using an expressive فاطمة تخرج من عرش اهلل/ في عینیها شمعة / تطفئها ریحُ :says and eة تزرعها..الغربة) Fatima comes out from the throne of God/ In her eyes is a candle/ which the wind of loneliness extinguishes, and the tears grow.) Tears are one of the expressions of the eyes. 4. Conclusion Jacobsen's communication theory is one of the best contemporary language-communication theories that is used to analyze literary texts to achieve their meanings. Therefore, examining and analyzing linguistic functions in the resistance discourse of Jaber Al-Jaberi and Mohammad Kazemi in the framework of Jacobsen's communication model is considered the best tool of literary analysis to achieve the meanings hidden in the poetic messages of these two poets of resistance literature. The linguistic roles used in the poetry of these two poets, the main pillars of the communication pattern between the poet (sender) and the audience (receiver), are used in a complementary way, and one function cannot be considered as the dominant element. Both poets are masterful in their use of metalingual role; it are used in many ways, but with special and different verbal structure, and the poets confront the receiver (addressee) with differences in message and meaning. Jaberi and Kazemi have been able to express their inner feelings and emotions to the audience by using the emotive role of language. They have performed well in persuading the audience to learn from religious-historical events and have performed well in connecting with the audience and creating a phatic function in the themes of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work assessed different aspects, steps and conditions that help people communicate appropriately in the current globalized world deeply affected by modern technologies, such the Internet and artificial intelligence. The results reported in this manuscript are based on an analysis of eight studies in different aspects of human communication and a review of 70 papers published from 2000 to 2023. An online search using WoS and SCOPUS databases was done to record the related published works. A total of 186 items were recorded, and after excluding 116 duplicated and irrelevant items, 70 papers were selected and reviewed thoroughly. According to the results, communication initiation, self disclosure, overall well-being, positive attitudes, language proficiency, communication competence, and technical skills are among the main factors that affect interactions among individuals from different cultures. Based on the results, cognition, knowing different norms and values, and accommodation in the current diversified environments are the main aims and outcomes of daily interactions among people. The current work introduces communication initiation, disclosure, cognition, and accommodation as the four main steps, and self-knowledge, positive attitudes, self-regulation, heart coherence, cultural awareness, intercultural sensitivity, openness, purposefulness, respect differences, language proficiency, technical skills, communication competence, and effectiveness as the main conditions of effective human communication in the age of the artificial intelligence in the 21st century.

The research is devoted to the consideration of some new methodological trends in the constructivism of the “third generation” of scientists. Its representatives, while remaining committed to the basic postulates of constructivism, at the same time turned their main attention to issues related to the theory of communication to framing as one of the ways of constructing reality and saturating it with certain meanings. Based on Martin Buber’s theory of dialogue, constructivists draw attention to the dangers of universalism in the study of politics as a prerequisite and even a manifestation of the ideological fixation of certain concepts, positions, and theses. Meanwhile, the formation of a community as “we” presupposes a pluralism of approaches and recognition of different points of view, and at the same time “cleaning” the information space of many frames that allow, through the manipulation of “fakes,” stereotypes and false stories, to form an idea of reality that significantly distorts it and even modifying.

Digital well-being concerns individuals' subjective well-being in a social environment where digital media are omnipresent. A general framework is developed to integrate empirical research toward a cumulative science of the impacts of digital media use on well-being. It describes the nature of and connections between three pivotal constructs: digital practices, harms/benefits, and well-being. Individual's digital practices arise within and shape socio-technical structural conditions, and lead to often concomitant harms and benefits. These pathways are theoretically plausible causal chains that lead from a specific manifestation of digital practice to an individual well-being-related outcome with some regularity. Future digital well-being studies should prioritize descriptive validity and formal theory development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work assessed different aspects, steps and conditions that help people communicate appropriately in the current globalized world deeply affected by modern technologies, such the Internet and artificial intelligence. The results reported in this manuscript are based on an analysis of eight studies in different aspects of human communication and a review of 70 papers published from 2000 to 2023. An online search using WoS and SCOPUS databases was done to record the related published works. A total of 186 items were recorded, and after excluding 116 duplicated and irrelevant items, 70 papers were selected and reviewed thoroughly. According to the results, communication initiation, self-disclosure, overall well-being, positive attitudes, language proficiency, communication competence, and technical skills are among the main factors that affect interactions among individuals from different cultures. Based on the results, cognition, knowing different norms and values, and accommodation in the current diversified environments are the main aims and outcomes of daily interactions among people. The current work introduces communication initiation, disclosure, cognition, and accommodation as the four main steps, and self-knowledge, positive attitudes, selfregulation, heart coherence, cultural awareness, intercultural sensitivity, openness, purposefulness, respect differences, language proficiency, technical skills, communication competence, and effectiveness as the main conditions of effective human communication in the age of the artificial intelligence in the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A common diagnosis in the literature is that the writing of Spanish speakers is generally a structural problem. The writing of 81 university students was analysed by classifying the teacher's comments based on 11 variables that were recorded once during a continuous evaluation that supported the assessment. The techniques used were Content Analysis, Cluster Analysis and Self-Study. Four Clusters were identified in which the dominant conception of communication is broken down, while one Cluster was identified with the alternative conception of communication. This expresses compliance with the task instructions, while the remaining Clusters show progressive non-compliance in various measures. The five Clusters form a typology and, with the theoretical assumption of the identification of the respective conceptions, correspond to a situated communication model. It could be applied in the planning of teaching workloads, as well as in the semi-automatic checking of written productions through the implementation of AI solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, to solve the problems related to sustainability, there is an increasing need for a transition from linear production and consumption systems to new models oriented toward reusing, reducing and recycling. In the academic field, several scholars have turned their attention to the adoption by companies of the new circular economy (CE) models. Due to the interest of a large number of stakeholders in issues related to the CE, several scholars have begun to explore the CE disclosure (CED) practices of companies. Despite this, studies on the topic are still limited. This study, under the lens of communication and stakeholder theories, aims, first, to examine the level of CE information disseminated by companies via Twitter and, second, to explore the impact of some firm characteristics on the level of CED. The econometric analysis, conducted on a sample of 141 companies belonging to the S&P 500 index, shows that the most profitable and most indebted companies disclose a greater amount of CE information through their official Twitter accounts. Furthermore, it demonstrates a lower propensity by energy companies to disclose CE information via Twitter compared to firms operating in other highly polluting sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While a fast-growing body of research is concerned with the detrimental consequences of disinformation for democracy, the role of visuals in this context has so far only been discussed superficially. Visuals are expected to amplify the impact of disinformation, but it is rarely specified how, and what exactly distinguishes them from text. This article is one of the first to treat visual disinformation as its own type of falsehood, arguing that it differs from textual disinformation in its production, processing and effects. We suggest that visual disinformation is determined by varying levels of modal richness and manipulative sophistication. Because manipulated visuals are processed differently on a psychological level, they have unique effects on citizens' behaviours and attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jürgen Habermas is a second generation Frankfurt critical theory thinker who offers a new paradigm of critical theory, namely communication. He made an important contribution to the democratic life of complex and pluralistic contemporary society through his theory of communicative action. It offers a procedure for communicating through rational discourse to reach an intersubjective agreement. In a modern democratic country, public space becomes a forum where public opinions and aspirations are conveyed through rational argumentation as a form of control by citizens over the government. This public space is independent and free from state or market control. This article is an analysis of social media and its potential role as a public space, using Habermas’ theoretical framework. Social media has the potential to become a political public space because of its participatory character. Even though implementing social media as a public space is still difficult, social media still has a big influence on democracy and social change. Therefore, social media users need to have and develop their social media literacy which is based on the principles of solidarity, criticality and caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

В данной статье рассматривается концепция Umwelt как методологический взгляд на моделирование мира. Данная концепция основывается на трудах австрийского биосемиотика эстонского происхождения Я ф. Икскюля, который предпринял попытку синтеза естественных и гуманитарных наук. В современной биосемиотической парадигме Umwelt демонстрируется как модель воспринимаемого живым организмом мира, той действительности, в которой мы живем. Исходя из психофизиологических и когнитивных параметров организма, выводится правило прямой пропорции: чем развитее организм, тем более сложной нейробиологической организованностью он должен обладать. Учитывая знаковый аспект межвидовой и человеческой коммуникации, выводится тезис о том, что сам процесс обмена информацией цикличен, а семиотика, как наука о знаках, может применяться для распознавания природных знаков.

This contribution focuses on the reception of Slovak literary theory in the Serbian context since the 1980s. Against the backdrop of reception theory, literary communication, and dialogism, it provides an overview of book and selected journal translations into the Serbian language, considering individual components of the (meta)communication-dialogic process: the author, the structure of the source text, actors involved in the selection of texts, translators into Serbian, and broader cultural connections such as publishers and selected critical Serbian reception responses. In this context, the names of founders of modern Slovak literary theory (Mikuláš Bakoš, the Nitra school, Anton Popovič, František Miko, Dionýz Ďurišin, Peter Zajac) and younger theorists resonate. From the Serbian context perspective, attention is paid to the involvement of bilingual and biliterate authors and translators in communication processes (literary scholar Michal Harpáň, linguist Miroslav Dudok), as well as other translators of Slovak literary theory. Another area under scrutiny is the updating of available Slovak literary studies works in selected critical reflections, along with an indication of the criteria for reception in the Serbian context.

This essay is an introduction to the special issue on "Rethinking and Expanding Communication Theories on HCR 's 50th Anniversary." We begin by arguing that communication research has expanded substantially since Human Communication Research's inaugural issue. However, in light of changes in communication technologies, political discourse, means of engaging in interpersonal communication, and awareness of the importance of diversity and inclusion, this special issue takes note of our current theorizing and ways to build as we look toward the future. The essays in this special issue, reviewed in this article, will undoubtedly prompt us to re-think, re-envision, and renew our commitment to the importance of communication theory, both in terms of where we have been and in terms of where we can progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Communication is a central tool used to manage the balance between outdoor recreation and environmental protection in natural areas. Several studies have evaluated different communication measures in case studies, but rarely are these measures compared across contexts. We review the literature guided by the question: what is the scope of evidence of on-site communication to change human behavior towards a more sustainable direction in outdoor recreation? Taking natural areas as our starting point, we map research-based distribution and abundance of communication measures, with emphasis on their outcomes and study design. Methods The target population for our mapping review are outdoor recreationists and nature-based tourists who visit natural or near-natural settings. We examined studies that have crafted written, oral and visual intervention measures to change behavior by using persuasion, education and information rather than legal restrictions or bans. Examples of challenges addressed with communication measures include proper waste disposal, using designated trails, minimizing wear and tear at campsites, avoid disturbing wildlife, and encouraging appropriate and safe behavior. We did not restrict our search geographically. We searched publication databases for peer-reviewed published articles (WoS, Scopus) and forward and backward citation chasing. To identify grey literature we used the database IRMA and internet searches in Google Scholar supplemented with specialist searches. Inclusion criteria and related search terms were based on PICO and included population (P: people participating in outdoor recreation in natural settings), terms that denoted intervention (I: on-site communication measures in situ vs. C: no communication measures) and terms that denoted outcome (O: changed behavior). We screened first by title and abstract and finally full text. For each article selected for full-text screening, metadata was extracted on key variables of interest such as behavior category, context, targeted population, study design and outcomes. Review findings Overall, we identified 54 studies that were assessed in the review. Our review documents growing academic interest looking at actual behavior change in outdoor recreation. Theory is often subsidiary to attempted behavioral change via communication and different situational aspects, such as targeted visitor populations and environmental context, as well as psychological factors remain underexplored in the literature. The primary communication medium in the reviewed papers is passive use of signs. Awareness raising is the dominant communication mode, but other modes such as emotions, identity, and social norms are common. The geographic distribution of the studies is highly skewed to the United States. Conclusions The amassed studies have an uneven focus on different settings and mediums used to change behavior. Research could benefit from investigating different contexts and the state of the natural environment before and after interventions. We advocate for casting a wider disciplinary net and interest in qualitative investigations to produce data-rich studies of where and how sustainable behavior is encouraged and eventually achieved. Collectively, different disciplinary perspectives are required to understand the aspects that contribute to sustainable, and sustained, behavior change. It is important to distinguish what aspects of behavior change could be generalized across settings, and which purely contextual aspects drive behavior change.

In recent years, research has provided evidence for permanent body modification in the Viking Age. Based on the current state of research, we identified around 130 male-gendered individuals from Scandinavia and beyond with dental alterations in form of horizontal furrows, most of them stemming from the Baltic isle of Gotland. We suggest that this custom was used as a sign of identification for a closed group of merchants. In contrast, artificial cranial modifications in the Viking Are so far are only known from three female individuals from Gotland. While both forms of body modification have received wide attention in other cultural contexts, the specific expressions of these customs in Viking Age society still lack systematic investigation with regard to their social implications. Based on the archaeological concept of embodiment and modern communication theories we discuss the perception of modified human bodies as media for the presentation and construction of social identities on Viking Age Gotland.

A common diagnosis in the literature is that the writing of Spanish speakers is generally a structural problem. The writing of 81 university students was analysed by classifying the teacher’s comments based on 11 variables that were recorded once during a continuous evaluation that supported the assessment. The techniques used were Content Analysis, Cluster Analysis and Self-Study. Four Clusters were identified in which the dominant conception of communication is broken down, while one Cluster was identified with the alternative conception of communication. This expresses compliance with the task instructions, while the remaining Clusters show progressive non-compliance in various measures. The five Clusters form a typology and, with the theoretical assumption of the identification of the respective conceptions, correspond to a situated communication model. It could be applied in the planning of teaching workloads, as well as in the semi-automatic checking of written productions through the implementation of AI solutions.

At the end of his life, Stuart Hall called for the reengagement of Cultural Studies and Marxism. This paper contributes to this task. It analyses Stuart Hall's works on communication and the media. The goal of the paper is to read Stuart Hall in a manner that can inform the renewal of Marxist Humanism and the development of a Marxist-Humanist theory of communication. This involves reconstructing elements of Hall's approach, criticising certain aspects of his work, and through this engagement developing new theory elements. The article's analysis of Stuart Hall's theory of communication and the media is conducted in four steps. First, the paper reengages and re-evaluates what Hall called the two paradigms of Cultural Studies: Structuralism and "Culturalism"/Humanism. It discusses the role of human agency in society. Second, the paper engages with Hall's and Althusser's notions of articulation and sets the notion of articulation in relation to the concept of communication. Third, it discusses the relationship between communication and work in the context of Hall's works. Fourth, the article revisits and engages with Hall's encoding/decoding-model in the context of digitalisation. This paper grounds a dialectical concept of communication that is based on the dialectic of articulating and articulatedness, the dialectic of work and communication, as well as the dialectic of communication in the public sphere and society's power forcefields. It shows how a critical, dialectical theory of communication benefits from engagement with Stuart Hall's works. The present work argues with, for, against, and beyond Stuart Hall in order or productively draw on ideas that emerge from this engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution focuses on the reception of Slovak literary theory in the Serbian context since the 1980s. Against the backdrop of reception theory, literary communication, and dialogism, it provides an overview of book and selected journal translations into the Serbian language, considering individual components of the (meta) communication-dialogic process: the author, the structure of the source text, actors involved in the selection of texts, translators into Serbian, and broader cultural connections such as publishers and selected critical Serbian reception responses. In this context, the names of the founders of modern Slovak literary theory (Mikuláš Bakoš, the Nitra school, Anton Popovič, František Miko, Dionýz Ďurišin, Peter Zajac) and younger theorists resonate. From the Serbian context perspective, attention is paid to the involvement of bilingual and biliterate authors and translators in communication processes (literary scholar Michal Harpáň, linguist Miroslav Dudok), as well as other translators of Slovak literary theory. Another area under scrutiny is the updating of available Slovak literary studies works in selected critical reflections, along with an indication of the criteria for reception in the Serbian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, social media platforms have become a primary forum for expressing a wide range of thoughts, feelings, and attitudes. To gain a comprehensive understanding of societal behaviors and attitudes during this unprecedented time, this research analyzes the content of Persian-language social media data related to the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to investigate the evolving patterns and behaviors of trust-building within social networks during the COVID-19 crisis. This topic holds significant relevance to the broader discourse on social change and continuity, as trust in information disseminated through social networks can profoundly influence societal actions and structures. Methods and Data: Research has investigated content analysis of social network data through a two-stage clustering method. The clustering results were scrutinized through the lenses of risk and crisis communication theories, as well as effective communication principles. This allowed them to examine the trust levels within each cluster. Findings: In this domain, religion plays a significant role in fostering public trust by invoking elements of national identity. Recognizing the importance of trust culture in message acceptance or rejection, the trust index was examined across clusters. The findings indicate that messages disseminated via Instagram and news websites garnered trust within each cluster. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that health authorities' dissemination of COVID-19-related messages can foster positive trust within society. However, the level of trust in the health domain remains lower than in the socio-cultural domain. For effective communication of health-related messages, it is advisable to employ non-political discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how infrastructural ideologies function as tools in geopolitical struggles for dependence and independence between world powers. Meese et al. (2020) suggest that controversies around 5G stem from infrastructural anxieties best examined in the framework of geopolitics. We build on this work by analysing the emerging infrastructural ideology and sociotechnical imaginaries (Jasanoff and Kim, 2015) of 5G in light of the changing global division of labour. Sociotechnical imaginaries refer to the vision of technologies themselves, while ideologies refer to the totality of social relations, translating the objective reality of material conditions to subjective lived experience (Bory, 2020). The Western imaginaries around 5G infrastructures reflect, deflect, translate and sublimate the infrastructural anxieties tied to the development and deployment of new network paradigms by China as an emerging hegemon. The controversial nature, contradictory content and fragmented presentation of 5G is a necessary part of living through the trauma of lost historical agency on the part of Western superpowers. We engaged in code ethnography (Rosa, 2022) of GSM, internet and 5G technologies, as well as participant observation in the main standard-development organisations of the internet and 5G. Our methodological assumption, taken from world systems theory (Wallerstein, 2004), is that the character and content of imaginaries and their underpinning ideologies creatively translate the position of actors in the global division of labour. This paper contributes to the understanding of the role of media infrastructures in geopolitical power tussles and straddles the fields of materialist media studies, science and technology studies and international relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article „A Tribute to Jan Kořenský" by Oldřich Uličný nostalgically reflects on the academic and personal life of Jan Kořenský, a significant Czech linguist, and their studies at the then Pedagogical University in Olomouc. The author recalls his first meeting with Kořenský in 1955, their studies, and cultural activities, as well as notable professors and the scientific growth at the Institute of the Czech Language in Prague. The article also documents their shared period during a turbulent time in Czech history, including normalization and political pressures that influenced their lives. Uličný highlights Kořenský's contributions to Czech linguistics, especially in semantics, pragmatics, and communication theory of language, concluding that his legacy and influence are evident in the work and enthusiasm of many generations of students. This remembrance draws from personal experiences and reveals the impact that their shared historical and academic journey may have had on the Czech linguistic community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Communication is a central tool used to manage the balance between outdoor recreation and environmental protection in natural areas. Several studies have evaluated different communication measures in case studies, but rarely are these measures compared across contexts. We review the literature guided by the question: what is the scope of evidence of on-site communication to change human behavior towards a more sustainable direction in outdoor recreation? Taking natural areas as our starting point, we map research-based distribution and abundance of communication measures, with emphasis on their outcomes and study design. Methods: The target population for our mapping review are outdoor recreationists and nature-based tourists who visit natural or near-natural settings. We examined studies that have crafted written, oral and visual intervention measures to change behavior by using persuasion, education and information rather than legal restrictions or bans. Examples of challenges addressed with communication measures include proper waste disposal, using designated trails, minimizing wear and tear at campsites, avoid disturbing wildlife, and encouraging appropriate and safe behavior. We did not restrict our search geographically. We searched publication databases for peer-reviewed published articles (WoS, Scopus) and forward and backward citation chasing. To identify grey literature we used the database IRMA and internet searches in Google Scholar supplemented with specialist searches. Inclusion criteria and related search terms were based on PICO and included population (P: people participating in outdoor recreation in natural settings), terms that denoted intervention (I: on-site communication measures in situ vs. C: no communication measures) and terms that denoted outcome (O: changed behavior). We screened first by title and abstract and finally full text. For each article selected for full-text screening, metadata was extracted on key variables of interest such as behavior category, context, targeted population, study design and outcomes. Review findings: Overall, we identified 54 studies that were assessed in the review. Our review documents growing academic interest looking at actual behavior change in outdoor recreation. Theory is often subsidiary to attempted behavioral change via communication and different situational aspects, such as targeted visitor populations and environmental context, as well as psychological factors remain underexplored in the literature. The primary communication medium in the reviewed papers is passive use of signs. Awareness raising is the dominant communication mode, but other modes such as emotions, identity, and social norms are common. The geographic distribution of the studies is highly skewed to the United States. Conclusions: The amassed studies have an uneven focus on different settings and mediums used to change behavior. Research could benefit from investigating different contexts and the state of the natural environment before and after interventions. We advocate for casting a wider disciplinary net and interest in qualitative investigations to produce data-rich studies of where and how sustainable behavior is encouraged and eventually achieved. Collectively, different disciplinary perspectives are required to understand the aspects that contribute to sustainable, and sustained, behavior change. It is important to distinguish what aspects of behavior change could be generalized across settings, and which purely contextual aspects drive behavior change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic forced different countries to implement new strategies to reduce its spread and mitigate its economic and social effects. Given this scenario, this study aims to compare government incentives granted by Brazil and Chile, in response to the economic effects of COVID-19. This qualitative and exploratory research uses indirect (bibliographic) and secondary documentation with data collected from the websites of the state governments in each country, between 2020 and 2021. The Iramuteq 2.0 software for data analysis. Based on Factorial Correspondence Analysis using a dendrogram, the study analyzes the incentives launched by: laws, decrees, contingency policies, guidelines in booklets, applications, and combating fake news, classified into 4 (four) categories: (i) tax and labor, (ii) actions on social networks, (iii) benefits programs and (iv) legalization. The results show that Chile offered more incentives than Brazil, highlighting the helping program from large companies to small ones, On the other hand, Brazil conducted more campaigns to combat fake news. In the light of the communication theory (CT), the findings highlighted the advances of governments in the expansion of digital channels (social networks, web pages and applications) to inform citizens and companies. During this period State Governments learned new insights to outline new strategies to stimulate the economy, to promote learning and increase the capacity to lead in contexts of crises and pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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As social media scholarship pervades the communication discipline, it is time to reflect on the good, bad, and ugly of social media. The theme for this special issue is inspired in part by the 1966 film, "The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly." Like its portrayal of the American Civil War, we again face deep divisions. The question is what role is social media helping us to heal those divides versus fragmenting us further? The seven articles in this issue reflect the complexity of the answer. Although we aimed for diversity, this issue focuses on the Global North. This reflects the field and the need to decenter Western epistemology. Nevertheless, the articles help us see that social media is not easily reduced to simplistic framings, but instead enables new connections and collective action, while also risking further fragmentation of our information environment and greater polarization—while technology companies profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of research centers around the concept of "datafication" suggesting a buzz around data studies and, perhaps, the emergence of a research field. This article analyzes and discusses the current state of datafication research. Our dataset comprises 463 publications on datafication identified through a systematic literature search in Web of Science and Scopus, an explorative network analysis of keyword co-occurrences and a content analysis of these publications. We map datafication research interests in various research fields, find that the majority of studies are theoretically oriented, whereas empirical analyses largely apply qualitative approaches and rarely make use of data-driven methods. We suggest studies on datafication can be devised into categories reflecting research interests in either user understandings and practices or in infrastructure and technological processes of datafication. The latter strand is particularly sparse in empirical anchoring, and needs empirical and methodological attention. We conclude by outlining three paths for future datafication research to cross-pollinate infrastructural and user perspectives, highlighting the bridging role of communication research in such an endeavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the consequences that disinformation phenomena have for a model of communication, focusing on the dangers that disinformation poses to democratic societies, especially when it is disseminated by the media. Disinformation is examined here from the perspective of social cognitive psychology, with special attention to the role played by motivated reasoning and confirmation bias in human cognition. From this perspective, disinformation phenomena should be studied not only through an analysis of how the media operate, but also through an understanding of how we process information and what we use it for from a social cognitive point of view. This article emphasizes the role that intuition and affective persuasion play in communication processes, as key elements of motivated reasoning, and argues that once this cognitive dimension is integrated into communication theory, preventive strategies can be designed to protect democracies from the dangers caused by disinformation. Ideological polarization and a lack of consensus are highlighted here as being among the biggest dangers, preventing agreement on issues that affect the proper functioning of democracy. While a certain conception of communication posits reasoning, the media and education as the tools for resolving conflicts and preventing disagreements, this article concludes that the success of disinformation phenomena points to the need for a model that includes the cognitive elements mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this special issue devoted to speaking across communication subfields, we introduce a domain general explanatory framework that integrates biological explanation with communication science and organizes our field around a shared explanatory empirical model. Specifically, we draw on David Marr's classical framework, which subdivides the explanation of human behavior into three levels: computation (why), algorithm (what), and implementation (how). Prior theorizing and research in communication has primarily addressed Marr's computational level (why), but has less frequently investigated algorithmic (what) or implementation (how all communication phenomena emerge from and rely on biological processes) explanations. Here, we introduce Marr's framework and apply it to three research domains in communication science-audience research, persuasion, and social comparisons-to demonstrate what a unifying framework for explaining communication across the levels of why, what, and how can look like, and how Marr's framework speaks to and receives input from all subfields of communication inquiry.

The multipath is unavoidable in radio frequency (RF) wireless communication, and affects almost every element of the communication systems. The impact of multipath on the received signal depends on whether the delay spread (i.e., spread of time delays associated with different multipath components) is large or small relative to the symbol period of the wireless communication system. In narrowband channels, the symbol period is set such that the delay spread is about one tenth (or less) of it. In broadband channels, it is set such that the delay spread is many times greater than the symbol period. In between these two extremes, there appears to exist an important, yet overlooked, class of channels whose delay spread is neither small nor large enough for them to fall into these two basic channel classes. In this paper, we study the effect of multipath on channels that fall in the transitional region between narrowband and broadband referred henceforth as “mediumband”. This paper shows that mediumband channels possess a distinct channel model, and pose both challenges and opportunities for reliable wireless communication. For instance, mediumband channels enable signalling at a significantly higher rate than that of narrowband channels, but on the flip side, as the degree of mediumband-ness increases, the quality of the channel deteriorates rapidly due to the excessive inter-symbol-interference (ISI). However, mediumband channels have an inherent ability to avoid deep fading, and if designed properly, mediumband wireless communication, which refers to wireless communication through mediumband channels, could be made to be significantly more reliable too.

The most crucial problem in analyzing problematic violence in Islam is when relating it with text religion. Problematic violence will appear more paradoxical and crucial when trying to legitimize al-Qur'an. When violence and terrorism get legitimacy from al-Qur'an, it will lead to a very risky conclusion; namely, Islam supports violence and terrorism. This is where the hermeneutics of Jurgen Habermas tries to review the problem of interpretation of these verses, especially concerning the theory of communication actions which will be used as an analytical knife in this study. The problem formulation is; how to read verse jihad without using instrumental interpretation and more developed paradigm communicative hermeneutics. The result of this research is that Jurgen Habermas's view will presuppose the formation of an intersubjective relationship in social society. The act of communication aims to reach an understanding between individuals. In relation to religious tolerance, the expected communication is a dialogue in reaching agreement on claims of accuracy in the underlying values ​​of each religion on how to build agreement on each religion and that peace is beautiful and violence is terrible. This claim necessitates an interactive dialogue that explores holistic religious values but avoids discussing truth claims considered non-negotiable religious doctrines. When it is applied in the interpretation of the jihad verse, the conclusion that we hope for is the jihad verse cannot abolish the universal value contained in the peace verse.