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Metasurfaces, due to their outstanding ability to control electromagnetic waves, have great application prospects in the field of wireless communication. This paper provides a comprehensive review of research work based on metasurface in three aspects: wireless power transfer, wireless information transmission, and novel wireless transceiver architectures. In the domain of wireless power transfer, several focusing metasurfaces and systems with unique performance are presented along with a new formula for calculating wireless power transfer. Concerning wireless information transmission section, the direct digital information transmission based on metasurface and the information transmission based on space-time-coding digital metasurface are introduced. Lastly, a simplified wireless transceiver with metasurfaces was introduced. The paper concludes with a discussion on the future directions of metasurfaces in the wireless communication domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite-based quantum communication channels are important for ultra-long distances. Given the short duration of a satellite pass, it can be challenging to efficiently connect multiple users of a city-wide network while the satellite is passing over that area. We propose a network with dual-functionality: during a brief satellite pass, the ground network is configured as a multipoint-to-point topology where all ground nodes establish entanglement with a satellite receiver. During times when this satellite is not available, the satellite up-link is rerouted via a single optical switch to the ground nodes, and the network is configured as a pair-wise ground network. We numerically simulate a pulsed hyper-entangled photon source and study the performance of the proposed network configurations for quantum key distribution. We find favourable scaling in the case that the satellite receiver exploits time-multiplexing whereas the ground nodes utilize frequency-multiplexing. The scalability, simple reconfigurability, and easy integration with fibre networks make this architecture a promising candidate for quantum communication of many ground nodes and a satellite, an important step towards interconnection of ground nodes at a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a multilayer monopulse antenna at Ku-Band with high efficiency, high power handling capability, high gain, 45° linear polarization and low sidelobe is presented. A new slot antenna is proposed as a radiating element based on a cavity-backed slot-coupled patch antenna. Using an enclosed cavity structure reduces coupling between antenna elements, thus increasing the antenna efficiency. The sub-array antenna has been designed to reduce the feed network complexity. A cavity power divider and feeding slots are inserted between the layers of the sub-array to compact it. An innovative feeding network has been designed with two-dimensional Chebyshev distribution. The simulated impedance bandwidth is 11%. The peak gain is 38.4 dBi and the sidelobe level of lower than 18 dB with a half-power beamwidth of approximately 2.4° for sum patterns at the center frequency and efficiency is more than 86% across the bandwidth. The maximum value of null depth for the difference patterns is − 38 dB. The radiation patterns have good symmetry in both E- and H-planes. The simulation results are compared with the results obtained from the built part of the antenna. the measurements results are in good agreement with the simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses data from Chinese ICT-listed firms from 2012 to 2022 and employs a difference-in-differences model to empirically examine the impact of the Sino-US trade friction on firm total factor productivity (TFP). The study finds that the trade friction has a significantly positive effect on the TFP of Chinese ICT firms, and this conclusion remains robust after a series of robustness checks. The mechanism analysis reveals that forcing ICT firms to increase R&D investment and improve management efficiency is the path mechanism to improve TFP. The firm heterogeneity analysis shows that the productivity-enhancing effect of the trade friction is more pronounced in non-state-owned firms and firms participating in strategic alliances. The regional heterogeneity analysis indicates that this positive effect is more evident in firms located in regions with a culture of business cooperation and in the eastern regions of China. This research provides new empirical evidence of the trade friction and offers strategic insights for policy makers to mitigate trade-related uncertainties during Sino-US trade friction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing novel microwave-absorbing materials is crucial for both military and civil applications. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) microwave-absorbing materials have gained attention due to their unique microstructure and exceptional microwave absorption properties. This work reviews the advancements in HEAs microwave-absorbing materials, covering electromagnetic microwave absorption principles and property evaluation methods. Then, the preparation methods are outlined, including mechanical alloying, vacuum gas atomization and etc. Additionally, key factors influencing the absorption property, such as microstructure, morphology and composition are summarized, and the advantages of HEAs as emerging microwave-absorbing materials are also highlighted. Based on the above, future research directions are proposed, emphasizing the microstructure-property relationships, optimizing preparation processes and designing multifunctional microwave-absorbing materials. This work aims to guide fundamental research and application of a new-generation of high-efficiency HEAs microwave-absorbing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limitations of cloning and discriminating quantum states are related to the non-orthogonality of the states. Hence, understanding the collective features of quantum states is essential for the future development of quantum communications technology. This paper investigates the non-orthogonality of different coherent-state signal constellations used in quantum communications, namely phase-shift keying (PSK), quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM), and a newly defined signal named the sunflower-like (SUN) coherent-state signal. The non-orthogonality index (NOI) and the average probability of correct detection (detection probability) are numerically computed. Results show that PSK NOI increases faster than QAM and SUN as the number of signals increases for a given number of signal photons. QAM and SUN exhibit similar NOI and detection probability, behaving similarly to randomly generated signals for a larger number of signals. Approximation formulas are provided for the detection probability as a function of NOI for each signal type. While similar to QAM, SUN signal offers potential advantages for applications requiring uniform signal-space distribution. The findings provide valuable insights for designing useful quantum signal constellations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the patient perspective as an emerging feature of medical case report writing, and through analysis of technical reporting guidelines and a corpus of published reports, shows how the biomedical community incorporates patient-authored perspectives into processes of research and publication. The author concludes by discussing the value and complexities of patient inclusion efforts and the potential for scholars of rhetoric and technical communication to take part in shaping those efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents novel MIMO microstrip patch antennas with dimensions of 40 × 80 × 1.6 mm³ incorporating a decoupling and pattern correction structure (DPCS) designed to mitigate mutual coupling and radiation pattern distortion, operating within 3.6–3.7 GHz. Using characteristic mode analysis (CMA), two key modes affecting coupling and pattern degradation are identified, with the DPCS strategically positioned to address these issues. Unlike other decoupling techniques, the DPCS requires no additional space or structural complexity, making it suitable for 5G MIMO systems. The proposed design achieves isolation up to 90 dB and enhances the realized gain of Port 2 by 3 dB at boresight in simulations. Fabricated antennas were measured, achieving peak isolation of 80 dB in an anechoic chamber. Additionally, measurements in a noisy environment confirmed the robustness of the design under realistic conditions. Measured radiation patterns verified the DPCS's ability to correct the radiation pattern. Key MIMO performance metrics, including ECC (2 × 10⁻⁴), DG (≈ 10), CCL (< 0.2 bits/s/Hz), MEG (≈ -7 dB), and TARC (< -12 dB), affirmed the design's superior performance. The proposed structure can be applied to a variety of applications such as high-density urban wireless networks and IoT systems, where maintaining high isolation and reliable communication are critical requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a scalable reflective metasurface design optimized for 5G and beyond (B5G) wireless communications, featuring a unique combination of passive metasurface elements. The proposed design emphasizes a less complex structural configuration, facilitating easy scalability and cost-effective fabrication. By implementing a single-layer structure, the metasurface enables straightforward integration with existing B5G infrastructure and demonstrates compatibility with emerging intelligent surface technologies, such as Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS). The dual-polarization capabilities of the metasurface ensure angular stability in reflection, enhancing signal reliability and performance in diverse communication environments. Theoretical analyses, supported by experimental validation, showcase the metasurface's effectiveness in addressing the challenges of modern wireless communication systems, paving the way for its practical application in next-generation communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space division multiplexing (SDM) with Hermite Gaussian (HG) modes, for instance, can significantly boost the transmission link capacity. However, SDM is not suitable in existing single mode fiber networks, and in long-distance wireless, microwave, THz or optical links, the far-field beam distribution may present a problem. Recently it has been demonstrated, that time domain HG modes can be employed to enhance the link capacity. However, implementing this method in wireless or fiber-based transmission systems is impractical due to the need for highly complex setups involving specialized lasers, wave shapers and other advanced devices. We propose a simple and fully electrical time-domain mode-division-multiplexing (TD-MDM) method based on the recursive generation of Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes. It utilizes Gaussian pulse sequences, sawtooth signals, RF multipliers, adders, amplifiers, and Mach–Zehnder modulators for efficient multiplexing and demultiplexing. We show the time and bandwidth performance of 4 multiplexed orthogonal modes in transmitting 8 Gbps communication data (4 × 2 Gbit/s), demonstrating the feasibility of the recursive generation and multiplexing technique for TD-MDM with HG modes. The data rates were restricted by our experimental capabilities. With state-of-the-art equipment the method can easily be scaled to the terabit per second range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While user experience (UX) and technical and professional communication (TPC) are intertwined, how UX is taught in TPC is highly variable. In this article, we report data from a study with TPC instructors who teach UX to identify patterns in approaches to teaching UX. We provide background on UX pedagogy, share methods including collecting data from a questionnaire and interviews and conducting qualitative analysis. The findings map teaching activities onto the design process and show patterns and commonalities. We conclude by proposing a process-based approach for teaching UX in TPC classes and programs to provide scaffolding and connections for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical and Professional Communication (TPC) scholars and practitioners (TPCers) see a need to intervene in a range of complex problems. Yet scholars such as Leah Ceccarelli and Lauren Cagle have noted a gap between scholarly research findings and policy changes. To address this gap, I theorize a strategic grounding framework, consisting of multiple, linked tactics that over time enable TPCers to make a case to gain a seat at the table to shape policy. I theorize this framework through a case study of Stephen J. Pyne, founder of the subfield of Fire History, who influenced national and global fire management policy. I examine Pyne's professional papers, housed in the Stephen J. Pyne Papers Collection at the Arizona State University Archives. The framework offers TPCers a series of tactics that position TPCers as change makers as they place their expertise to shape policy that addresses complex problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the history of commercial attempts to merge olfactory mediated scents with visual media and the ensuing turn toward domestic olfactory mediation. From the earliest attempts at scented cinema to the emergence of consumer-grade odor mediating products as Little Trees and Glade, we conceptualize smell as a neglected site ripe for critical media analysis. We argue that the commercial rise of domestic odor mediating technology, such as air fresheners, facilitate a unique form of nature-based simulation where audiences desire the fake over the real and confuse familiar natural odors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A popular transport layer protocol that makes extensive use of multi-path communication technology is called Multi-Path Transmission Control Protocol (MPTCP). Making use of the end-hosts multi-interface capabilities are MPTCP's primary goal. However, the protocol's main weakness is lower channel usage suffers from a sharp decline in throughput due to its sudden congestion window (cwnd) growth policy. Furthermore, the performance of MPTCP is significantly reduced when there are many possible channels for transmission because of different wireless path parameters such as bandwidth, loss rate (due to congestion), and delay necessitate higher re-ordering at the receiver end. As a result, it causes a significant increase in buffer-blocking and needless retransmissions. Also, a strategy that efficiently schedules and distributes the load over accessible, qualifying channels have been proposed. However, our proposed policy takes all these parameters into consideration and the performance has improved significantly can be seen by the graphs presented in the later section of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous push for high-performance photonic switches is one of the most crucial premises for the sustainable scaling of programmable and reconfigurable photonic circuits for a wide spectrum of applications. Conventional optical switches rely on the perturbative mechanisms of mode coupling or mode interference, resulting in inherent bottlenecks in their switching performance concerning size, power consumption and bandwidth. Here we propose and realize a silicon photonic 2×2 elementary switch based on a split waveguide crossing (SWX) consisting of two halves. The propagation direction of the incident light is manipulated to implement the OFF/ON states by splitting/combining the two halves of the SWX, showing excellent performance with low excess loss and low crosstalk over an ultrawide bandwidth. Both elementary switch and a 64×64 switch array based on Benes topology are fabricated and characterized, demonstrating great potential for practical scenarios such as photonic interconnect/routing, Lidar and spectroscopy, photonic computing, as well as microwave photonics. This work proposes a unique mechanism of manipulating the mode propagation for photonic switching with a brand-new split waveguide crossing, demonstrating great potential for the applications in a wide spectrum of scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the unique ways that technical and professional communication (TPC) researchers can study artificial intelligence (AI) models that challenge the idea that humans and machines are separate yet equal entities. The authors present a brief definition of AI, a recap of HCI research paradigms, and a description of how AI models challenge traditional HCI research and how TPC researchers might respond to these challenges in their studies. Rather than presenting clear-cut methods for studying AI, the article highlights questions that researchers need to consider as they develop approaches for studying AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools are already being implemented for a variety of writing tasks in workplaces, where individual (human) authorship is valued less than the efficient production of text. But policies regarding AI use in higher education continue to prioritize academic integrity, focusing on narrowly defined notions of authorship that do not reflect the realities of workplace writing. Through an analysis of 100 university policies on AI, this article shows how AI tools create a tension for faculty in technical and professional communication who must operate within institutional or departmental policies for AI use but must also prepare writers for workplace authorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores four different topics of conversation in technical and professional communication (TPC) scholarship that overlap and connect with contemporary issues in generative artificial intelligence (AI): process and iteration, theory and power, actors and activity, and the social justice turn. The authors offer four nonexhaustive reviews of these conversations, offering insight into key issues and texts that have animated discourse in the field and can directly or indirectly address the complex relationship between TPC work and generative AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines issues of authenticity involved in using generative AI to compose technical and professional communication (TPC) documents. Authenticity is defined through an Aristotelian understanding of ethos, which includes goodwill (eunoia), practical wisdom (phronesis), virtuousness (arete), and Fromm's concepts of true self and pseudo self. The authors conducted an initial analysis of AI affordances that align with TPC concerns—genre, plain language, and grammatical/mechanical correctness. The preliminary results show that these affordances may be limited by issues of inauthenticity. The authors suggest that in order to address AI's limitations, writers should adopt a rhetoric of authenticity via real-world engagement, human centeredness, and personal style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of a public—a group of strangers drawn together through their mutual attention to a text—has historically been tied to the notion of human intentionality. The recent popularization of artificial intelligence (AI) large language models (such as ChatGPT) destabilizes this connection. When large language models generate text, they may inadvertently form stochastic publics —groups pulled together through the randomization of biased data patterns drawn from AI training material. This exploratory study draws on a three-phase dialogue with OpenAI's ChatGPT 4 to identify the risks of stochastic publics and suggest human-originated interventions grounded in feminist care ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article assesses the data practices of Grammarly, the prominent AI-assisted writing technology, by applying data principles that advocate for empowering Indigenous data sovereignty. The assessment is informed by the authors' work with an Inuit tribal organization from rural Arctic Alaska that generated data and metadata about potentially sacred tribal activities. Their analysis of Grammarly's large-language modeling practices demonstrates how technical communication can hold businesses to principled data practices created by Indigenous nations and communities that understand how to create more just futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by the scholarly understanding of generative artificial intelligence, this study explores technical writing students’ engagement with ChatGPT during their writing process. This study is informed by the classical five canons of rhetoric, along with the contemporary reinterpretations of the canons. Employing a qualitative analysis of interviews, this study argues that the students’ engagement with ChatGPT allows for reframing and expanding the notions of the writing process and rhetorical canons in the previous literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-band full-duplex communication has the potential to double the wireless channel capacity. However, how to efficiently transform the full-duplex gain at the physical layer into network throughput improvement is still a challenge, especially in dynamic communication environments. This paper presents a reinforcement learning-based full-duplex (RLFD) medium access control (MAC) protocol for wireless local-area networks (WLANs) with full-duplex access points. To solve the channel contention problem and fully utilize the full-duplex transmission opportunities, we first design a two-way handshake transmission mechanism and make an investigation on the effects of transmission scheduling in full-duplex transmission. Then the transmission scheduling problem is theoretically formulated as a non-stationary multi-armed bandit problem in which our objective is to maximize the network throughput. Thus, we develop a Window-Constraint Bayesian (WCB) algorithm to generate optimized scheduling policies online. And full-duplex opportunities are fully utilized by transmitting packets according to the optimized scheduling policies. Besides, an analytical model is developed to characterize the performance of RLFD. The performance of RLFD is evaluated by simulation. And the results show that RLFD can improve the network throughput by 80% compared with the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function with Request-To-Send/Clear-To-Send. Moreover, with the proposed WCB algorithm, the network throughput can remain steady as the communication environment dynamically changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article an 8-port annular ring-shaped MIMO antenna for 5G and 5G advanced applications is presented. An annular ring on the radiating plane and novel isolator structure on the ground plane are etched over a Rogers RT/Duorid (5870 tm) substrate to achieve high performance antenna for mm wave applications. A systematic study is performed, and an optimized single port antenna (Design-4) is selected among Designs (1-4). The intended 8-port MIMO antenna resonates at 36.4 GHz and exhibits 6.1 GHz (34.2-40.3 GHz) wide bandwidth and 40 dB high isolation level. The proposed antenna covers a complete band of 5G NR-n260 which supports time division duplexing (TDD) mode. Moreover, a unique design of suggested antenna attains a high-level gain of 8.3 dB at 39 GHz and more than 85.2 % radiation efficiency. MIMO characteristics such as ECC, TARC, MEG and CCL are studied and found them in acceptable limit. Additionally, an approach toward massive antenna with 16-port for mmWave applications is also demonstrated. The proposed 16-port massive antenna with more than 22 dB isolation exhibits two bands: first band in 30-33 GHz for ports P9-P16 and second band in 33.5-40.9 GHz for ports P1-P8. A prototype of suggested 8-port antenna is fabricated, tested and validated and found it in close agreement of simulated results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millimeter-wave and terahertz integrated circuits and chips are expected to serve as the backbone for future wireless networks and high resolution sensing. However, design of these integrated circuits and chips can be quite complex, requiring years of human expertise, careful tailoring of hand crafted circuit topologies and co-design with parameterized and pre-selected templates of electromagnetic structures. These structures (radiative and non-radiative, single-port and multi-ports) are subsequently optimized through ad-hoc methods and parameter sweeps. Such bottom-up approaches with pre-selected regular topologies also fundamentally limit the design space. Here, we demonstrate a universal inverse design approach for arbitrary-shaped complex multi-port electromagnetic structures with designer radiative and scattering properties, co-designed with active circuits. To allow such universalization, we employ deep learning based models, and demonstrate synthesis with several examples of complex mm-Wave passive structures and end-to-end integrated mm-Wave broadband circuits. The presented inverse design methodology, that produces the designs in minutes, can be transformative in opening up a new, previously inaccessible design space. Authors report an AI enabled design method for the synthesis of radio-frequency and millimetre-wave integrated circuits. It can discover architectures beyond human intuition and synthesizes these circuits with given specifications within minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this work, we present an innovative approach to enhance multiband communication systems by enabling the antenna subsystems to simultaneously transmit and receive across multiple independent in-band full-duplex (IBFD) channels, i.e. multiband-IBFD (MIBFD). This capability is powered by fractal antenna arrays, specifically using hexagonal star array (HSA) geometry. The approach provides a unique self-interference cancellation (SIC) capability across multiple bands (MB-SIC), achieved through translation or rotational transformations of self-similar or self-affine array structures. Simulation results demonstrate significantly enhanced SIC bandwidth for three signals at sub-frequencies near 5 GHz, with the integration of subbands' SIC bandwidths achieving 1.4 GHz across these subbands. Further enhancements include combining this method with a technique involving the elevation of the central receiving element, significantly broadening the SIC bandwidth compared to traditional methods. Additionally, the multiband functionality is validated with pilot signals at 2.68 and 5.2 GHz, showing effective SIC in these narrow bands. This research presents a promising path for optimising radio resources in multiband communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the performance of hybrid radio frequency/free space optical (RF/FSO) systems combined with non-orthogonal multiple access communications technology. We examine a scenario where the source and destination are separated by a large distance, with no direct link between them. The relay, denoted R, operates using the decode-and-forward (DF) protocol. Under the DF relaying scheme, the relay employs successive interference cancellation (SIC). In this setup, the FSO link from the source to the relay follows a Gamma-Gamma distribution, while the RF link from the relay to multiple users follow a Nakagami-m distribution. Based on this system model, we analyze the outage probability (OP). Our findings indicate a direct relationship between SIC and OP performance: the higher the SIC capability, the more effective the system. In addition, the system's performance is dependent on the parameters of the FSO channel. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are presented to further validate our framework and findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) stand at the forefront of advancing vehicular and infrastructural communication, ushering in a new era of connectivity on the move. As VANETs become increasingly saturated with varied applications, the demand for multicast routing protocols that ensure reliable and scalable communication to designated groups of vehicles intensifies. Multicast communication emerges as the preferred method in vast vehicular networks, optimizing computational resources and achieving desired quality of service levels. Yet, the dynamic nature of VANETs, characterized by high mobility and swift changes in network topology, presents significant hurdles in group management, path creation, and maintenance for multicast routing. This paper offers an in-depth examination of multicast routing methodologies developed expressly for VANETs, starting with an analysis of VANET-specific attributes and challenges. It proceeds to critique the latest multicast routing protocols, evaluating their advantages and drawbacks, and spotlighting progressive trends and prospective avenues for research. Through a meticulous review of the extant literature, this survey aspires to furnish critical insights into the formulation, execution, and refinement of multicast routing protocols within the VANET landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the advancement of new-generation Internet technologies, including the meta-universe and big data, has led to a growing focus on the development of intelligent navigation technologies for ships. The ship remote-control represents a significant transitional phase in the development of intelligent ship. This results in increased efficiency in the transportation of goods and people by water, as the responsibility for navigation is transferred from the crew to a remote-control centre. Nevertheless, the deployment of communication and networking technologies in the context of control takeover in ship remote-control also gives rise to a number of concerns, including the potential for network outages and cyber-attacks, which could have a significant impact on the safety of intelligent navigation. In this paper, we propose a cyber-physical fusion testing approach for ship remote-control. By utilising one of the currently existing cyber-physical fusion test platforms, experiments are conducted to assess the reliability of the network and the efficacy of cybersecurity measures during the takeover process. The experiments have been performed on a model-scaled ship, and the corresponding cyber environment has been constructed to facilitate the parallel mapping of the cyber-physical environment. The preliminary results confirm the effectiveness of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of wireless communication technology, the number of wireless network terminals has exploded, and various new business scenarios have emerged. The 6G mobile communication technology not only surpasses 5G standards in terms of transmission rate, delay, power and other performances, but also extends the communication range to multiple fields such as air, ground, ocean, etc., which greatly promotes Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) communication technology research and development. Compared to terrestrial networks, UAV communication has advantages such as high flexibility and easy deployment. However, there are still many problems and challenges in practical applications. In this paper, we will first introduce the functions and application scenarios of UAV communication, then discuss the current challenges and related technical research, and finally look forward to the future development prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A broadband millimeter wave absorber is designed using multilayered ultra-thin ε-GaδFe2−δO3 nanomagnets in the V-band, where δ is the doping level of the gallium into the host ε-Fe2O3 material. Four different doping levels are considered to build four kinds of ε-GaδFe2−δO3 nanomagnets, which are further stacked as a four-layer broadband absorber. Its absorption properties are theoretically studied using the lossy transmission line theory. Results show that the four-layer nanomagnets can absorb over 90% of perpendicularly incident power from 50.7 to 74.9 GHz in the V-band. The proposed multilayered absorber is ultra-thin with the total thickness of 351 μm. It is only 0.059λL, where λL is the wavelength at the lowest frequency 50.7 GHz. The robustness of the absorbing performance is also studied by slightly varying the four-layer nanomagnets' doping levels and layer thickness from the default setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a hybrid relay-reflecting intelligent surface (HR-RIS)-assisted cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) network to achieve consistent spectral efficiency (SE). The HR-RIS technique manipulates the propagation environment by reflecting and enhancing radio signals in desired locations, providing a symbiotic integration with CF mMIMO for future wireless communication systems. We first model uplink and downlink channels, obtaining minimum-mean-square-error estimations for efficient transmission paths. We then analyze the SE performance of the proposed system. To enhance sum spectral efficiency in downlink multi-antenna, multi-user, and millimeter-wave massive MIMO networks, we introduce a low-complexity hybrid precoding approach. The optimal analog equalizer is determined by converting the analog precoding matrix dimensions into square matrices and selecting a few discrete Fourier transforms to maximize the amplitude of corresponding wideband channel matrices. We employ the equal gain transmission technique to combine channel gains efficiently and ensure spectral efficiency. To mitigate inter-user interference, we propose an enhanced block diagonalization method for designing the digital precoder and combiner. Our study demonstrates that the proposed HR-RIS-assisted CF mMIMO system offers significant improvements in SE performance, paving the way for advanced wireless communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The orthogonal properties between different orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes of vortex beams have made it a great potential research area in recent years. Manipulating OAM modes is crucial in most research studies and applications of vortex waves. In this Letter, a manipulating method of OAM mode conversion through a transmission metasurface is proposed. The corresponding OAM mode conversion principles with convolution operation are given. An amplitude and phase controllable metasurface is designed as a device to convert the initial vortex waves carrying single OAM mode or multiple OAM modes to vortex waves with other OAM modes. A metasurface prototype is fabricated and measured to validate the effectiveness of this method. Both simulation and measurement results reflect these functions of converting OAM modes. This work is meaningful not only for the research and development of devices that manipulate OAM modes but also for the transmission, reception, and application of OAM vortex waves in wireless communications and imagining technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the widespread application of multimedia communication technology, information transmission security has become increasingly important. The multi-scroll chaotic system exhibits complex dynamic behavior, and it is usually used to the design of encryption algorithm for image and video information by the sensitivity of initial values. The chaotic systems with multiple scrolls are investigated by a transformation method of nth order complex polynomial, and two examples of chaotic systems with four and six scrolls are given by the chaos anticontrol theory, respectively. Based on the chaotic system with six scrolls, a simple encryption algorithm is designed for image information by scrambling and confusing operations. A hash sequence generated from the original information is given to obtain the initial keys, and three pseudo-random sequences are designed through the operations of multiplication and modulo. Furthermore, the security analysis is discussed by key space and correlation coefficient, etc. The presented encryption method exists a large key space, and it can resist to common attacks, such as differential attack, crop attack and noise attack. The practicality and effectiveness are verified by the encryption experiments of image information in the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to shed light on the conceptual implications of emerging media or emergent media from a transdisciplinary perspective. Drawing on the philosophical thoughts of complex dynamic systems and emergentism, this study reviews the literature across various disciplines bearing on emerging media and illustrates the value of invoking the concept to understand the fast-evolving communication technologies. Emerging media is defined as complex dynamic systems that are constituted through and in communication practices, suggestive of both materiality and sociality, and characterized by emergent processes. By emphasizing a conceptualization of media as dynamic, emergent, relational, and situated systems, this study calls for empirical studies of emerging media employing a transdisciplinary approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People are heavily exposed to disinformation in their everyday lives with the evolution of communication technologies and the rise in digitalization today. The ease of access to the media worldwide has also brought the selection of local and international sources to the agenda. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that the use of foreign or second language (L2) influences people's decision-making. In addition to the views that L2 enables more reflective and deliberate thinking, it is reported that people are less affected by emotional associations in their L2. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate how English translation and interpreting students distinguish between fake and real news in L1 and L2. To this end, a collection of fake and real news was prepared in Turkish and English. The students were instructed to read the news and respond to the relevant questions related to each news article. The analysis included the students' educational background, knowledge about the agenda, and use of the Internet and social media as well as the language of the news, the source and the content of the news. The results showed that the language of news influenced the credibility of the news sources for the English translation and interpreting students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid digitization of communication in the last decade, especially in social networking spaces, has contributed to radical changes in the virtual language environment in Sri Lanka. It has not only reshaped the way individuals communicate, but has also fueled the emergence of new linguistic trends that reflect the dynamic nature of language in the contemporary virtual landscape. The present study seeks to explore the prospects of a pure language ideology in Sri Lanka with special reference to the use of Sinhala and English in the virtual space. The study used a corpus of memes extracted from social media and analyzed them from a sociolinguistic standpoint using Critical Discourse Analysis. The results show that social media have created a safe space for less competent language users to interact within their linguistic capacity. The adaptation of words and the invention of neologisms have occurred due to the unavailability of terms in users' L1 or L2, as well as to avoid taboos or prohibitions. Given the rapid evolution of communication technology, added to the dynamic changes that have already occurred within languages, aspirations to linguistic purism have become unrealistic optimism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Internet of Things assisted networks have entered almost all domains of human life in the recent years, and as a result of their wide variety of uses, they are still a popular focus of research. A key problem in the development of WSNs is energy efficiency. A useful technique to preserve energy in a WSN is clustering. However, it has an issue of hot spots. The hot-spot concern can be handled by using unequal clustering, wherein clusters of different sizes are created depending on distance from the sink/base station. In this article, a brief of the recent unequal clustering methods and trends in WSNs is presented. The classification of uneven clustering techniques in WSNs is presented, and future research directions in the field are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a significant role in today's world and are used at every point of daily life. It is one of the widely used networking techniques for Internet of Things (IoT). The continued growth of IoT suffers from power efficiency and stability restrictions. One of the best options is an effective method of routing. An effective, cluster-based, threshold-sensitive routing methodology for IoT-based heterogeneous wireless sensor networks forms the basis of presented Shortest Distance On-demand Stable Election Protocol (SDOSEP). Data transfer among nodes with multiple paths, in principle, is very expensive and impacts network performance. Thus, this approach selects the cluster head based on total energy in the network along with a shortest weighted path to perform data transmission. The approach presented here provides better performance in terms of network lifetime, stability, instability, and throughput over the proposed baseline procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime wireless sensor network (MWSN) plays a crucial role in current communication networks and has aroused great concern. However, its connectivity faces instability due to the susceptibility of the network topology to environmental factors, and obstacles such as sea surface reefs can hinder network connection repairs. To address this issue, we propose an obstacle-avoiding MWSN connectivity repair algorithm. The algorithm focuses on minimizing energy consumption by transforming the problem into a minimum-energy solution model, thereby facilitating connection repair with minimal energy expenditure. Initially, the algorithm determines the optimal deployment path according to the visual communication conditions among nodes and the distribution characteristics of obstacles. Subsequently, it identifies the optimal deployment position by setting the optimal deployment distance as the radius and the deployment position as the center of the circle. Finally, it chooses the optimal mobile node sequence by considering the moving distance index based on the optimal deployment position. This process enables the corresponding mobile nodes to move to the deployment position, successfully restoring network connectivity while ensuring minimal energy consumption. The simulation experiments indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the energy consumption of mobile nodes and maximize the life cycle of wireless sensor networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-A*- Lattices in which there is another associative binary operation that is compatible with the Pre-A*- lattice operations are identified as lattice ordered semigroups. This manuscript deals with the notion of lattice ordered semigroups in Pre-A*_Algebras and their characterizations are attained. Lattice theory and Lattice reduction math tools and their extensive and adaptive properties and methods are widely used in wireless systems like Wi-Fi, IoT etc. Automation or logical reasoning plays a crucial role in real world applications like machines (washing machine, television, refrigerator etc.), technology (wireless, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth etc.) and Robots etc. From an analytical point of view reasoning includes Boolean logic and its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rapid development of vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) communication technologies significantly promotes the revolution of intelligent transportation systems. V2X communication is expected to play a critical role in enhancing the safety and efficiency of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), especially for mixed traffic scenarios. Additionally, the computational and storage capabilities of roadside units (RSUs) will be harnessed to effectively enhance the motion planning and control performance of CAVs within the constraints of limited on‐board computational resources. Thus, a V2X assisted co‐design of motion planning and control algorithm for CAVs to improve their situational awareness and computational efficiency is proposed. Under this architecture, a pre‐planning algorithm is proposed first to utilize the computational and storage capabilities of RSUs and generate feasible trajectories for different driving tasks. By analysing the relationship between driving risk index and motion planning performance, an online‐planning algorithm is derived to modify the pre‐planned trajectories in real‐time with static or dynamic obstacles. Furthermore, the lateral and longitudinal control of the vehicle using the Frenet coordinate system is decoupled. The lateral control employs an offline linear quadratic regulator (LQR) from RSUs to control the steering angle of the vehicle. The longitudinal control employs a dual‐loop PID to control the throttle opening of the vehicle. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated and demonstrated by a Carsim‐Prescan simulation study in different mixed traffic scenarios. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed method improves the computational efficiency by 23% and reduces the collision rate by 13%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Arts & Social Sciences (JASS) is the property of Sultan Qaboos University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the field of wireless communication, there is growing interest in molecular communication (MC), which integrates nano-, bio-, and communication technologies. Inspired by nature, MC uses molecules to transmit data, especially in environments where EM waves struggle to penetrate. In MC, signals can be distinguished based on molecular concentration, known as concentrated-encoded molecular communication (CEMC). These molecules diffuse through an MC channel and are received via ligand–receptor binding mechanisms. Synchronization in CEMC is critical for minimizing errors and enhancing communication performance. This study introduces a novel preamble-based noncoherent synchronization method, specifically designed for resource-constrained environments like nanonetworks. The method's simple, low-complexity structure makes it suitable for nanomachines, while machine learning (ML) techniques are used to improve synchronization accuracy by adapting to the nonlinear characteristics of the channel. The proposed approach leverages ML to achieve robust performance. Simulation results demonstrate a synchronization probability of 0.8 for a transmitter-receiver distance of 1 cm, given a molecular collection time duration four times the pulse duration. These results confirm the significant benefits of integrating ML, showcasing improved synchronization probability and reduced mean square error. The findings contribute to the advancement of efficient and practical MC systems, offering insights into synchronization and error reduction in complex environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems integrated with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) hold promise for achieving high spectral efficiency but encounter challenges stemming from increased Multi-Access Interference (MAI), particularly notable for users located at cell edges. This paper presents a novel MIMO-NOMA framework designed to effectively mitigate MAI, specifically tailored to address the complexities faced by cell-edge users. Our proposed framework overcomes the limitations of conventional MIMO-NOMA systems by introducing a solution that minimizes the requisite power level escalation for ensuring reliable communication, a particularly crucial consideration as user populations expand. Comparative analysis reveals that our approach yields substantial improvements in spectral efficiency and system capacity when contrasted with traditional MIMO-NOMA configurations. Moreover, our framework facilitates the accommodation of a larger number of users within a single channel, thereby optimizing network resource utilization. To further enhance interference mitigation while upholding user Quality of Service, we introduce a novel user grouping strategy termed Triangle-NOMA, leveraging network interference analysis to efficiently group users, with a specific emphasis on alleviating interference for cell-edge users. The proposed framework integrates comprehensive analysis, precoding techniques, and an efficient detector to optimize user performance. Simulation results validate the efficacy of our approach, demonstrating significant system-wide enhancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data aggregation with the aid of mobile sink in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a promising solution to the recent hot-spot or sink-hole issues induced by multi-hop routing employing the static sink. Despite everything, most of the baseline models concentrate on energy-efficient data aggregation issues but struggle to maintain a tradeoff between energy energy-efficient and load-balanced data collection. In this research, we propose a novel Dynamic Levy Flight-enabled PSO (Dynamic LFPSO) optimization algorithm for addressing the load-balanced data aggregation problem with mobile sinks in WSNs. The Dynamic LFPSO algorithm incorporates a structured tree path for efficient data collection, where mobile sinks traverse the network following an optimized path. The algorithm leverages the benefits of the PSO algorithm combined with Levy Flight and dynamic inertia weight to achieve energy-efficient and load-balanced data collection while minimizing data collection delay. The comprehensive simulations are conducted using an NS-3 network simulator which demonstrates that the Dynamic LFPSO algorithm achieves a lower data collection delay of 55.4 ms, a higher network lifetime of 461 rounds, an improved Packet delivery ratio of 97.2%, and a better throughput of 50 kbps. Overall, the Dynamic LFPSO algorithm leads to better usage of network resources and prolonged network lifetime and also offers a practical solution to the challenges in WSNs, providing a foundation for further research and advancements in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how a future – as something that can only be imagined but can inspire entrepreneurial action – can attract economic capital. We integrate Dor's (2015) model of language as a communication technology for the instruction of imagination with Bourdieu's theory of practice to account for how an entrepreneur's words can hold sway over an investor by virtue of meaning something significant. We introduce opportunity capital as the symbolic significance of the entrepreneur's future-venture story and the exchange counterparty to the investor's economic capital. Our portrayal of the future as a symbolic phenomenon inducing action by others offers foundational insights to research on the early stages of venturing and the acquisition of resources by entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]