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In an era of globalisation, health issues, particularly the prevalence and severity of infectious diseases, have become a recurring issue. This article uses public health emergencies of international concern as case studies to explore the intergovernmental approach (including the World Health Organization) in diplomatically addressing health emergencies while simultaneously highlighting the interdependent nature of such emergencies. This study examines the efficacy oj intergovernmental approaches towards health outcomes as characterised by the overall incidence, infectivity, severity, and mortality of these global health emergencies. By using historical and scientific data and scholarly articles referencing these health emergencies, this article assesses the often realist approach that states pursue in their multilateral approach to controlling and mitigating global health emergencies. Keywords: diplomacy, global health diplomacy, globalisation, health emergencies, interdependence, public health emergencies of international concern, realism, vaccine diplomacy, vaccines, World Health Organization. A l'ere de la mondialisation, les questions de sante, en particulier la prevalence et la gravite des maladies infectieuses, sont devenues recurrentes. Cet article utilise les urgences de sante publique de portee internationale comme etudes de cas pour explorer l'approche intergouvernementale (y compris l'Organisation mondiale de la sante) dans le traitement diplomatique des urgences sanitaires tout en soulignant la nature interdependante de ces urgences. Cette etude examine l'efficacite des approches intergouvernementales sur les resultats sanitaires caracterises par l'incidence globale, l'infectiosite, la gravite et la mortalite de ces urgences sanitaires mondiales. A l'aide de donnees historiques et scientifiques et d'articles savants faisant reference a ces urgences sanitaires, cet article evalue l'approche souvent realiste que les Etats adoptent dans leur approche multilaterale du controle et de l'attenuation des urgences sanitaires mondiales. Mots-cles: diplomatie, diplomatie sanitaire mondiale, mondialisation, urgences sanitaires, interdependance, urgences sanitaires de portee internationale, realisme, diplomatie vaccinale, vaccins, Organisation mondiale de la sante. En la era de la globalizacion, los problemas de salud, en particular la prevalencia y la gravedad de las enfermedades infecciosas, se han convertido en un problema recurrente. Este articulo utiliza las emergencias de salud publica de importancia internacional como estudios de caso para explorar el enfoque intergubernamental (incluida la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud) a la hora de abordar diplomaticamente las emergencias de salud, destacando la naturaleza interdependiente de dichas emergencias. Este estudio examina la eficacia de los enfoques intergubernamentales frente a los resultados de salud caracterizados generalmente por la incidencia, la infectividad, la gravedad y la mortalidad de estas emergencias de la salud global. Mediante el uso de datos historicos y cientificos y articulos academicos que hacen referencia a estas emergencias de salud, este articulo evalua el enfoque a menudo realista que los Estados siguen en su enfoque multilateral para controlar y mitigar las emergencias de la salud global. Palabras clave: diplomacia, diplomacia de la salud global, globalizacion, emergencias de la salud, interdependencia, emergencias de salud publica de importancia internacional, realismo, diplomacia de las vacunas, vacunas, Organizacion Mundial de la Salud., INTRODUCTION Since its inception in 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) has sought to be the pillar of diplomatic engagement between states in an area that reflects their interdependent vulnerability [...]

ABSTRACT Background Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2, SS2) is a major zoonotic pathogen that causes only sporadic cases of meningitis and sepsis in humans. Most if not all [...]

A 56-year-old man who was suffering from a low-grade fever and left axillary lymphadenopathy was referred to the transplantation infectious disease clinic. A clinical diagnosis of cat scratch disease with a primary cutaneous lesion and lymphadenopathy in a renal transplant recipient is established.

Using clinical samples from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome, we showed that the sensitivities of a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (80% for fecal samples and 25% for urine [...]

Transmission of infectious gastroenteritis was studied in 936 predominately Hispanic households in northern California. Among 3,916 contacts of 1,099 primary case-patients, the secondary attack rate was 8.8% (95% confidence interval [...]

How emergency departments of different levels and types cope with a large-scale contagious infectious disease is unclear. We retrospectively analyzed the response of 100 emergency departments regarding use of personal [...]

Invasive group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections can be fatal and can occur in healthy children. A case-control study identified factors associated with pediatric disease. Case-patients were identified when Streptococcus pyogenes [...]

We conducted a study of the distribution and prevalence of tickborne infections in Denmark by using roe deer as sentinels. Blood samples from 237 roe deer were collected during the [...]

This study assessed progress towards tuberculosis (TB) elimination in the Netherlands by using DNA finger-printing. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were defined as new if the IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern [...]

Four cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) that occurred from December 16, 2003, to January 8, 2004, in the city of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, were investigated. Clinical specimens [...]

To the Editor: More than 2 decades ago, when H1V was first detected, many investigators predicted the rise of leprosy secondary to opportunistic infection (1). Recently, the phenomenon of immune [...]

To the Editor: Leishmaniasis recidivans is an unusual clinical Old World disease primarily associated with Leishmania tropica (1). Recurrence of previously cured cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions is found in American [...]

We compared kidney tissue samples and cloacal and nasopharyngeal swab samples from field-collected dead crows and blue jays for West Nile virus surveillance. Compared to tissue samples, 35% more swab [...]

We report the first case of community-acquired bacteremia with Burkholderia fungorum, a newly described member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. A 9-year-old girl sought treatment with septic arthritis in her [...]

Veillonella spp. rarely cause infections in humans. We report a case of Veillonella endocarditis documented by isolating a slow-growing, gram-negative microbe in blood cultures. This microbe was identified as the [...]

An investigation of malaria in a US patient without recent travel established Plasmodium falciparum molecular genotype identity in 2 patients who shared a hospital room. P. falciparum can be transmitted [...]

Tularemia with peritonitis developed in a 50-year-old man soon after diagnosis of stomach cancer with metastasis. The ascites grew Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica, which was identified by sequencing analysis of [...]