24 results on '"Commonweal"'
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2. Bodily Beauty, Socialist Evolution, and William Morris's News from Nowhere
- Author
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Kuskey, Jessica
- Subjects
William Morris ,news from Nowhere ,Socialism ,evolution ,Darwin ,science ,Justice ,Commonweal - Published
- 2011
3. Development trend of sharing economy in big data era based on duplication dynamic evolution game theory.
- Author
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Wei, Liping and Yang, Yishuo
- Subjects
- *
SHARING economy , *GAME theory , *BIG data , *DATABASES , *EVOLUTIONARY theories , *INFORMATION technology industry , *ANIMAL welfare - Abstract
Since the 1990s, with the perfection and infiltration of Internet infrastructure and the vigorous development of a new generation of information technology industry, the contemporary sharing economy supported by big data has emerged. On the surface, sharing economy has indeed formed a brand new economic model that is different from the past. However, when we analyze the contradictory vision of supply and demand determined by the inclusion of the sharing economy in the basic social system, we can see that the essence of the contemporary sharing economy is from two dimensions influence rather than change the development mode of this contradictory paradigm: one is the anarchy state of social production is improved through communication of big data based on the Internet; the other is the reduced demand for workers having ability to pay is alleviated through collaborative consumption. Therefore, the sharing economy as a commercial operation mode still can not escape the contradiction between production and consumption. From the perspective of social conflict resolution, the real sharing comes from the improvement of fairness and justice and from the reformation of the sharing system. Such reformation is from the reuse of private resource to the collaborative sharing of public resource, that is, the commonweal development of sharing economy. Through the duplication dynamic evolution game theory model of sharing economy, it can be found that the degree of public benefit of sharing economy depends on the degree of benefit of imitation object and the number of imitators. How countries can promote the development direction of sharing economy towards public sphere and public welfare through conscious policy guidance will be an important indicator for testing the government's ability to respond to emerging policy issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Subterranean Speculations: The Chthonopolis.
- Author
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Clear, Nic
- Subjects
VISIONARY architecture ,CAPITALISM ,SCIENCE fiction ,DRAWING - Abstract
Many contrasting utopian visions have been offered by an array of writers and designers since Thomas More first coined the term in the early 16th century. The Chthonopolis is one of the most recent. Conceived by architect and curator
Nic Clear – now Head of the Department of Architecture and 3D Design at the University of Huddersfield – when he was Professor of Architecture at the University of Greenwich, it is an underground city of the future that mingles architecture with science fiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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5. Influencias de la teoría política y jurídica de Santo Tomás de Aquino en el Estado contemporáneo.
- Author
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RUIZ BURSÓN, Francisco Javier
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL philosophy , *JURISPRUDENCE , *WELFARE state , *NATURAL law , *HUMAN rights , *SOCIAL contract - Abstract
The significance of Saint Thomas Aquinas in the history of philosophy is hardly deniable. Yet, a thorough analysis of his contribution to the basic assumptions of the contemporary democratic and social state, based on the rule of law, remains to be done. This essay provides an approach to such question, avoiding both simplistic anachronism and the cliché a of Thomism justifying authoritarian or absolutist rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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6. Subject and Citizen: The Ambiguities of the Political Self in Early Modern England
- Author
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Luc Borot
- Subjects
Social history ,citizenship ,republicanism ,Early Modern England ,commonweal ,commonwealth ,History of Great Britain ,DA1-995 ,English literature ,PR1-9680 - Abstract
In 17th-century England, the notion of citizenship can only be understood by contradistinction with the definition of the subject. Englishmen of the time were aware that they were both subjects of the monarch and members of the common weal, defined as the web of relationships, privileges and obligations that got society and its institutions working, down to the most local levels of the parish or the manor.Thus, some descriptions of English society and institutions in the late 16th century revealed a point that was confirmed by the crises in collective identification that raged in the 1640s. The soldiers of the New Model Army disagreed together, as they also disagreed with their generals, such as Oliver Cromwell and Henry Ireton, on the definition of the people who was to be represented in Parliament. The Putney debates of the Autumn of 1647 reveal such mutual misunderstandings, as well as the underlying fears.From 1653, the constitutions of the Cromwellian regime paint an increasingly detailed portrait of the active citizen, as they exclude some persons from the franchise for motives of personal morality or religious conformity, as well as economic reasons. As it raised the property qualifications and piling up conformity criteria, the regime keeps isolating itself from society.By the end of the 1650s, the struggle of the secular or religious republican theorists focuses on admission to citizenship, and on the size of the citizen body. Though they all agreed on the need for property qualifications, the polemic raged on the relevance of ideological and confessional criteria.
- Published
- 2016
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7. Servidões Administrativas
- Author
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Pereira, Carla de Fátima Costa and Oliveira, Fernanda Paula Marques
- Subjects
Indemnização ,Public Utility ,Servidão Administrativa ,Real Property ,Financial Compensation ,Bem Imóvel ,Commonweal ,Utilidade Pública ,Administrative Easement ,Bens Públicos - Abstract
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito Através da Realização desta Dissertação, o objetivo é obter o grau de Mestre e a conclusão do 2.º Ciclo de Estudos na área das Ciência Jurídico-Forenses, pela Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Coimbra. Antes de mais, pretendo desenvolver um tema que me chama a atenção, principalmente na área em que se enquadra, que é o Direito Administrativo, uma vez que se centra na Administração Pública, tendo esta uma função importantíssima, a defesa e a prossecução do interesse público, encadeada numa série de conceitos de Direito do Urbanismo. Assim, propõe-se, com este trabalho, a análise do conceito de Servidões Administrativas, os seus tipos, classificações, pressupostos, legitimidades, o seu regime, duração, procedimento, interesses, poderes, garantias e deveres, quer da entidade que beneficia quer do particular. Propõe-se, ainda, averiguar quais são os sujeitos que têm legitimidade quer para privar o direito de propriedade quer para impor Servidões de Direito Público. Pretende-se, igualmente, diferenciar os bens de domínio público e privado do Estado que, pelas suas finalidades, fazem desencadear limitações ao direito de propriedade privada, o que significa analisar as servidões como instrumento capaz de proteger tais bens, bens revestidos de utilidade pública para a satisfação de todos. No decorrer do mesmo, será feita referência a alguma jurisprudência sobre a matéria em causa, incidindo particularmente, embora de forma breve, sobre Servidões non aedificandi relativas às Estradas e Caminhos Municipais, pertença do domínio público, bem como as Servidões Administrativas de Linhas Elétricas, considerando a sua forte relevância e utilidade, embora não descorando as restantes. Far-se-á também uma breve análise de algumas figuras que são relativamente próximas deste instituto.Por fim, será abordada a Lei n.º 168/99, de 18 de setembro, Código das Expropriações, tal como outra legislação relevante ao estudo das Servidões Administrativas. This thesis’ objective is to get a Master Degree and to conclude the 2nd Cycle (Master’s) Law Studies, by the Faculty of Law of the University of Coimbra.First, I intend to develop a subject that draws my attention, mainly for the area that is from, Administrative Law, that centres in the Public Administration, which has a very important role, defending and prosecuting the public interest, linked in a series of City Planning Law’s concepts. Thereby, this work’s central topic is to analyze the concept of Administrative Easement, its types, classifications, assumptions, legitimacy, its regime, duration, interests, powers, guarantees and duties whether the ones of the entity who benefits or the individual.I intend to investigate which subjects have permissiveness to deprive property right as well as impose Public Law Easements. I also intend to differentiate between public domain goods and private domain goods owned by the State which, by their goal, initiate limitations to property right, which means to analyze easements as devices to protect those goods, which are public utility goods for everyone’s satisfaction.During this research, there will be jurisprudence references about this material, particularly, but briefly, focusing on non aedificandi Easements concerning Municipal Roads and Paths, public domain, as well as Administrative Easement of Power Lines, considering its strong relevance and utility, although without neglecting the rest. It also will be mentioned and briefly analyzed some of the figures which are very similar to this institution.At last, it will be approached Law n.º 168/99, 18th of September, Code of Expropriation, as well as other legislation which focus on the study of Administrative Easement.
- Published
- 2021
8. POR UN ESPACIO PÚBLICO NO ESTATAL. CONTRA LA HEGEMONÍA NEOLIBERAL Y EL DECLIVE DE LA DEMOCRACIA.
- Author
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Silveira, Héctor
- Abstract
Copyright of Quaestio Iuris (QI) is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
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9. IL BENE COMUNE: UNA IDEOLOGIA UTOPICA O UN PROCESSO POLITICO?
- Author
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ORBÁN, SZABOLCS
- Subjects
CATHOLIC Christian sociology ,POLITICAL philosophy ,DISCOURSE analysis ,UTOPIAN socialism ,RELIGION & politics - Abstract
Commonweal is not only the principle of the Catholic social teaching but it has deeply pervaded the occidental mentality and as a consequence it has become an important element of the contemporary politics and philosophical discourse, too. However, it is known from experience that in spite of its frequent use the content of the concept is not obvious. The task of this study would be to describe this difference looking for a response if commonweal is an ideological utopia that cannot be reached or it is the part of a social-political process that is being built continuously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
10. KRIKŠČIONIŠKOJI SOCIALINĖ SAUGA.
- Author
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Tartilas, Juozas
- Subjects
CATHOLIC Christian sociology ,AUTONOMY (Philosophy) ,SOCIAL problems ,ETHICS ,CHRISTIAN sociology - Abstract
Copyright of Socialinis Darbas is the property of Mykolas Romeris University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
11. Beginnings and blind alleys: O’Faoláin and his circle
- Author
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Carson, Niall, author
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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12. Monadi e/o sistemi. La narrazione del design come bene culturale
- Author
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Dellapiana, Elena
- Subjects
Archives ,Beni culturali ,Beni comuni ,Storia del design, Beni culturali, Beni comuni, Comunicazione, Archivi, Design history, Cultural Heritage, Commonweal, Dissemination, Archives ,Dissemination ,Comunicazione ,Design history ,Cultural Heritage ,Commonweal ,Storia del design ,Archivi - Published
- 2019
13. The Evaluation Index System of Commonweal and Management Benefit of Large Commonality Stadium and Gymnasium.
- Author
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TAN Gang
- Published
- 2008
14. HabiTAT : Strategie und Instrument zur Sicherung leistbaren Wohnens
- Author
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H��lzl, Dominik
- Subjects
Gemeinwohl ,Partizipation durch Selbstorganisation ,Planung ,commonweal ,Recht auf Stadt! ,soziale Ungleichheit ,HabiTAT ,Planning ,equity ,Right to the city! ,Gerechtigkeit ,participation by self-organisation ,social disperity ,Bottom-up ,Recht auf Wohnen! ,Poverty ,Mietsh��usersyndikat - Abstract
Viele der in Stadtentwicklung involvierten Akteur*innen sehen Wohnen als Grundrecht. Durch die Bedingungen des Marktes steigt der (Preis-)Druck auf Grund und Boden sowohl in wachsenden St��dten als auch in Ballungsr��umen sowie in Regionen mit begrenztem Dauersiedlungsraum. Leistbaren Wohnraum zu schaffen, Gentrifizierungs- und Verdr��ngungsprozessen entgegenzuwirken, ist planungspolitisch eine gro��e Herausforderung. Daher fordern etliche st��dtische Bewegungen das ���Recht auf Stadt��� ein und suchen neue Wege, um diesen Entwicklungen begegnen zu k��nnen. Als Alternative gewinnen kleinteilige, selbstverwaltete Genossenschaften an Bedeutung. Der Dachverband HabiTAT in ��sterreich k��nnte Instrument und Strategie zur Schaffung leistbaren Wohnraums sein und einen wichtigen Stellenwert in der Stadtentwicklung einnehmen. Immobilien werden im Rahmen von HabiTAT gekauft, durch ein rechtliches Konstrukt unverk��uflich und somit dem Markt als m��gliche Spekulationsware f��r immer entzogen. Langfristig bestehender, leistbarer Wohnraum wird dadurch geschaffen. Ziel vorliegender Arbeit ist, den Beitrag von HabiTAT zum Gemeinwohl im Bereich qualitativen und bezahlbaren Wohnraums darzustellen. Ein Diskurs ��ber Gemeinwohl, Gerechtigkeit sowie ���Recht auf Stadt��� bildet die theoretische Grundlage dieser Arbeit, wobei der Diskurs qualitative Indikatoren zur Entwicklung einer Argumentationslinie f��r eine Strategie zur F��rderung von HabiTAT lieferte. Um H��rden und Herausforderungen von Hausprojektsgr��ndungen innerhalb des Dachverbandes HabiTAT zu erfahren, wurden Expert*inneninterviews gef��hrt. Die gewonnenen Informationen dienten der (rechtlichen) Ma��nahmendefinition. Wesentliches Ergebnis ist, dass trotz steigenden Drucks auf Boden und dadurch verbundener Wertsteigerung die Schaffung von qualitativ hochwertigem und bezahlbarem Wohnraum auch in zentralen Lagen m��glich ist. Solidarisches und gemeinschaftliches Wohnen bildet dabei die Grundlage und belebt gleichzeitig das Quartier. Daher sollten Voraussetzungen geschaffen werden, um H��rden bei Gr��ndung von HabiTAT-H��usern aus dem Weg zu r��umen. Die herausgearbeitete gemeinwohlstiftende Wirkung von HabiTAT dient als theoretische Argumentationslinie, um die entwickelte Strategie zur F��rderung von HabiTAT in der Raumentwicklung auf operationaler Ebene in gro��em Stil zur Anwendung bringen zu k��nnen., Housing is perceived to be a fundamental right by a majority of people involved in urban development. Conditions of the marketplace put pressure on land in growing cities, metropolitan areas and regions of limited permanent settlement. It is a major challenge, in terms of planning policy, to create affordable housing and to counteract gentrification and displacement processes. Therefore, many urban movements demand a right to the city and they are looking for new ways to face these developments. Small-scale, self-governing cooperatives are becoming more important and constitute an alternative. One of these cooperatives in Austria is the umbrella organization HabiTAT. It could be a means and a potential strategy for creating affordable housing and play an important part in urban development. HabiTAT buys up real estate and renders it unsaleable which prevents the marketplace from using it as an object of speculation. This in turn creates long-term affordable housing. This thesis aims to illustrate HabiTAT���s contribution to the common good in terms of high-quality and affordable living space. Discussions about the common good, justice and the right to the city serve as theoretical foundations for this thesis. Furthermore, they provided qualitative indicators for developing a promotion strategy for the organization HabiTAT. In order to find out about the challenges of founding housing projects within the organization, interviews with experts were conducted. The information obtained helped to define (legal) measures. One of the most significant results is that despite increasing pressure on land and the interlinked increase in value, it is still possible to create high-quality and affordable housing, even in top-quality locations. In addition, communal living forms the basis and at the same time livens up the place. Therefore, the conditions for overcoming obstacles in the creation of HabiTAT houses should be provided. The resulting common-benefit effect of HabiTAT serves as a theoretical line of argument, so that the developed strategy for the promotion of HabiTAT in spatial development can be applied on a large scale.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Influencias de la teoría política y jurídica de Santo Tomás de Aquino en el Estado contemporáneo
- Author
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Ruiz-Bursón, F.J. (Francisco Javier)
- Subjects
soberanía popular ,Estado social y democrático de derecho ,social contract ,contrato social ,commonweal ,natural law ,human rights ,división de poderes ,Welfare State ,Democratic State ,ley natural ,division of powers ,popular sovereignty ,derechos humanos ,bien común - Abstract
La trascendencia de Santo Tomás de Aquino en la historia de la filosofía resulta innegable. Sin embargo, aún se encuentra pendiente un estudio sistemático de sus aportaciones a los presupuestos básicos del Estado contemporáneo, en su triple cualidad de democrático, social y de Derecho. En el presente artículo se pretende realizar una aproximación a la cuestión, la cual huye tanto de los fáciles anacronismos históricos como del falso tópico de un tomismo legitimador de fórmulas absolutistas o autoritarias. The significance of Saint Thomas Aquinas in the history of philosophy is hardly deniable. Yet, a thorough analysis of his contribution to the basic assumptions of the contemporary democratic and social state, based on the rule of law, remains to be done. This essay provides an approach to such question, avoiding both simplistic anachronism and the cliché a of Thomism justifying authoritarian or absolutist rule.
- Published
- 2018
16. The Commonweal and Communal Harm
- Author
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Jackson, Sherman A., author
- Published
- 2015
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17. Correcting Misunderstandings
- Author
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Jackson, Sherman A., author
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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18. Business model innovation in chinese private art galleries: a dual value proposition model
- Author
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Leng, Jinhui, Trigo, Virginia, and Yifei, Du
- Subjects
China ,Commerciality ,Modelos de negócio ,Redes de relações ,Valor comercial ,Private art galleries ,Galerias de arte privadas ,Gestão ,Modelo de negócios ,Mercado da arte ,Mercado de valores mobiliários ,Valor social ,Galeria de arte ,Commonweal ,Networks ,Valores sociais ,Business model - Abstract
JEL : M10 General Administration; M21 Business Economics With the rapid development of China's economy, people's living standards continue to improve, spiritual needs are constantly increasing, and more and more people participate in the appreciation, investment and collection of art. Private art galleries are constantly emerging but, in the absence of government subsidies, private capital or donations, have to consider their dual nature of commerciality and commonweal to ensure a sustainable management. Based on the network theory, this thesis puts forward a new type of business model for private art galleries in the Chinese context, as opposed to the traditional linear model, in order to integrate this dual nature. The aim is to resolve the conflict between commerciality and commonweal and to integrate the different kinds of value specific to art works revealing that the dynamism and richness of networks allow for such integration and enable the full release of artistic value. The research uses multiple case studies of private galleries in Sichuan province, China, as well as an extensive collection of interviews, fieldwork and secondary data. Along two years, five galleries have been visited, 42 artists, 10 executives and 9 art professors have been interviewed and substantial secondary data were analyzed. In the whole, 300,000 words in Chinese have been collected and processed through content analysis and data triangulation. The analysis allowed to (1) verify the conflictual nature of commerciality and commonweal that private galleries need to address; (2) identify that the release of artistic value is a process developed through the interaction among creators, appreciators and brokers; (3) identify that only explicit value may be fully released while potential value is constantly promoted through networks that emerge among appreciators. On a first stage the thesis proposes a double helix model based on artistic value where potential value provides space for integrating commerciality and commonweal. There is also a dual purpose in this thesis: (1) to reveal the limitations of the traditional business model canvas and (2) to present a new business model aiming at optimizing the ability of art organizations to fulfill the dual aim of commerciality and commonweal for the full release of artistic value. The data collected enabled to conclude that networks contain the dynamism and richness required for the transport of artistic value and, based on them, a new business model was developed, integrating the main elements of the traditional business model canvas with the network theory and proposing an evolutionary, volcano like model, so as to express the intense, continuous and often ignored activity developed by networks and that resembles the lava in a volcano.The thesis draws from three theoretical approaches – value, network and business model theories – and integrates the three of them. Then, based on qualitative data collection and analysis, proposes a new business model that may add to existing theory and aims at being useful for those art organizations that face the need to satisfy commerciality and commonweal and to release both explicit and potential value for the full realization of artistic value Com o rápido desenvolvimento da economia chinesa e a melhoria dos padrões de vida, as necessidades espirituais têm também vindo a aumentar e cada vez são mais as pessoas que, na China, apreciam, investem e colecionam arte. Este aumento nota-se também no número crescente de galerias de arte privadas que, na ausência de subsídios governamentais, investimento privado ou mecenato, têm de encontrar formas de satisfazer objetivos sociais e comerciais para garantir uma gestão sustentável. Esta tese propõe um novo tipo de modelo de negócios que, em contraste com a linearidade do modelo de negócios tradicional, integra a dupla natureza das galerias de arte no contexto chinês através de uma proposta de valor assente na teoria das redes de relações. O modelo pretende resolver o conflito existente entre a necessidade de satisfazer objectivos sociais e comerciais e agregar os diversos tipos de valor característicos das obras de arte, demonstrando que o dinamismo e a riqueza das redes de relações favorecem a integração destes objectivos com vista à promoção integral do valor artístico. A tese utiliza diversos casos de estudo de galerias privadas na província de Sichuan, China, e uma extensa coleção de entrevistas, trabalho de campo e dados secundários. Ao longo de dois anos foram visitadas cinco galerias, entrevistados 42 artistas, 10 gestores, 9 professores de arte e recolhida documentação secundária obtendo-se, no total, mais de 300 mil palavras em chinês. O material foi depois processado através de análise de conteúdo e triangulação de dados. A análise permitiu (1) confirmar a natureza conflitual entre objectivos sociais e comerciais com que se debatem as galerias de arte privadas; (2) identificar que a libertação do valor da arte se processa em constante interação entre criador, apreciador e canal de distribuição; (3) identificar ainda que apenas o valor explícito da obra de arte pode ser integralmente libertado ao contrário do que acontece com o valor potencial, baseado nas redes de relações promovidas entre apreciadores. Numa primeira fase a tese propõe um modelo tridimensional em hélice para representar o processo de formação do valor artístico, segundo o qual o valor potencial permite a integração de objectivos comerciais e sociais. É também duplo o objectivo fundamental desta tese: (1) expor as limitações do modelo de negócios tradicional e (2) apresentar um novo modelo que permita optimizar a capacidade das organizações artísticas corresponderem a objectivos sociais e comerciais e libertarem ao máximo as diversas formas do valor artístico. Verificou-se, através da recolha e análise de dados, que as redes de relações proporcionam o dinamismo e a riqueza necessários para transportaresse valor e foi com base nelas que se chegou a um novo modelo de negócios que integra os elementos principais do modelo tradicional com a teoria das redes de relações propondo um novo modelo não linear, mas evolucionário, que se designou por “vulcão” para retratar a intensa, contínua e não totalmente conhecida atividade desenvolvida pelas redes, semelhante à lava no interior de um vulcão. Partindo de três abordagens teóricas – as teorias do valor, das redes de relações e do modelos de negócio – esta tese integra as três perspectivas e, com base numa extensa recolha de dados tratados qualitativamente, propõe um novo modelo de negócio que pode acrescentar algo à teoria existente e ser útil para as organizações que negoceiam em arte e se debatem com a dupla necessidade de satisfazer objectivos sociais e comerciais e de libertar o valor explícito e potencial das obras para a completa realização do valor artístico.
- Published
- 2017
19. No News is Good News: William Morris's Utopian Print
- Author
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Carolyn, Elizabeth, author
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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20. Measured Revolution: Poetry and the Late Victorian Radical Press
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Carolyn, Elizabeth, author
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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21. Pacifying the socialist: the 'reform' of Henry Lawson's 'The hymn of the socialists
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Cranny-Francis, Anne
- Published
- 1982
22. Baby Doll and Commonweal Criticism
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HABERSKI, RAYMOND J., author
- Published
- 2007
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23. Cidadania política e finanças em Machado de Assis: a série A semana (1892-1897)
- Author
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Vale, Jackson de Souza, Viscardi, Cláudia Maria Ribeiro, Domingues, Beatriz Helena, and Rodrigues, João Paulo Coelho de Souza
- Subjects
Eleições ,Cidadania política ,Machado de Assis ,Encilhamento ,Commonweal ,CIENCIAS HUMANAS::HISTORIA [CNPQ] ,Elections ,Political citizenship ,Bem público - Abstract
Na dissertação tentamos demonstrar que desde a caracterização do narrador ficcional da série de crônicas A semana (1892-1897), passando pelo mais recorrente assunto tratado, ou seja, o Encilhamento e a crise que se lhe seguiu, até a crítica das eleições desorganizadas, fraudulentas, violentas e corruptas, e dos eleitores absenteístas que não faziam uso do direito de eleger seus representantes; a principal preocupação do cronista era com o bem público e a cidadania. A crise cambial e financeira desses anos sempre teve como remédio possível a encampação das emissões feitas pelos principais bancos e o arrendamento de ativos do governo federal, como as ferrovias, para a aquisição de novos empréstimos. Ambas as soluções, tão temidas e criticadas pelo cronista, foram executadas. O que significava que os desvarios dos acionistas das sociedades anônimas e do próprio governo seriam divididos com todos os cidadãos contribuintes. A dissertação também trata da cidadania política propriamente dita, ou seja, das referências às eleições e aos trabalhos parlamentares. O narrador critica o grande número de abstenções que aconteciam. Apesar de criticar todos os subterfúgios utilizados para se corromper as eleições, como as fraudes e as ações violentas, o principal responsável pelo mal eleitoral é o próprio cidadão que não faz uso de seu direito ―soberano‖ de escolher os seus representantes. Assim sendo, o narrador se utiliza dessas crônicas para incitar uma maior participação sufragista. Ele o faz de duas maneiras: através de um discurso direto, sem ironia e outras figuras retóricas, falando claramente ao leitor sobre a importância das eleições e do voto. Ou, ironizando e criticando o eleitor de diversas maneiras: seja pela sua preguiça e ignorância sobre o uso de um direito constitucional, seja por seu individualismo exacerbado, que o fazia se preocupar somente com seus interesses financeiros, com o lucro, ou em ganhar dinheiro de maneira ―vadia‖ através dos jogos de azar. Por outro lado, o cidadão que fazia uso do direito de voto podia e devia cobrar dos seus representantes. É o que faz também o cronista. Ele acompanha os trabalhos das assembléias nacionais, estaduais e municipais. Sua principal crítica é a pouca assiduidade dos políticos e as poucas horas trabalhadas. Essa crítica é feita muitas vezes em comparação com a Câmara dos Comuns inglesa, que virava a noite em trabalhos legislativos, de acordo com os telegramas da época. Além disso, o narrador ainda se preocupava com a falta de civismo da população, principalmente com a falta de entusiasmo na comemoração de datas importantes da história brasileira como o Treze de Maio, ou o Sete de Setembro. Segundo ele, o brasileiro tinha em pouca conta o passado e o futuro, e se governava somente pelo presente. Para ele, essa identificação nacional era a contrapartida da cidadania. In the paper we try to demonstrate that since the characterization of the fictional narrator inside the series of chronics A semana (The Week) (1892-1897), through most recurrent subject matter, the Brazilian economic episode known like Encilhamento and the crisis that followed it, until the criticize about election which were disorganized, fraudulent, violent and corrupt, and absentee voters who did not use the right to elect their representatives, the main chronicler´s concern was with is with the commonweal and citizenship. The currency and financial crisis of these years always has been as a possible solution the expropriation of broadcasts made by major banks and leasing of federal government assets, such as railroads, for the acquisition of new loans. Both solutions, so feared and criticized by the chronicler, were executed. This meant that the folly of the corporations‘ shareholders and from the government would be shared with all citizens taxpayers. The paper also deal with the political citizenship, that is, references to elections and parliamentary work. The narrator criticizes the large number of abstentions that happened. Despite all the criticism about the subterfuges used to disrupt the elections, like fraud and violent actions, the principal responsible for evil election is the own citizen who does not use his right "sovereign" to choose their representatives. In this way, the narrator uses such chronic to incite greater participation suffrage. He does so in two ways: through a direct discourse, without irony and other rhetorical figures, speaking clearly to the reader about the importance of elections and voting. Or, mocking and criticizing the voter in several ways: either by their laziness and ignorance on the use of a constitutional right, or by their exacerbated individualism, which made him worry only about their financial interests with profit, or money in a "lazy" way through gambling. On the other hand, the citizen who made use of voting rights could and should charge their representatives. It is also what the chronicler does. He monitors the work of national assemblies, state and local governments. His main criticism is the lack of attendance of politicians and the few hours worked. This complain is often made in comparison to the British House of Commons, which turned night into legislative work, according to the telegrams of the time. Moreover, the narrator still worried about the lack of civility of the population, especially with the little enthusiasm in the celebration of important dates in history as the Brazilian Thirteen of May, or September Seven. He said the Brazilian people had little regard to the past and future, and is governed only by the present. For the author, this identification was the counterpart of national citizenship.
- Published
- 2011
24. Socialinis rinkos ūkis: nuo gerovės visiems prie galimybių visiems
- Author
-
Paliulytė, Regina
- Subjects
Social market economy ,Galimybės visiems ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Visuotinė gerovė ,Ordoliberalizmas ,Rinka. Rinkodara / Market. Marketing ,Commonweal ,Vokietija (Germany) ,Opportunities for everyone ,Gerovė / Welfare ,Economical system ,welfare to all ,Ordoliberalism - Abstract
Vokietijos socialinio rinkos ūkio koncepcija sukurta praėjusio amžiaus pirmoje pusėje, remiantis ordoliberalų teorija. Sąvoka ordoliberal reiškia ekonomikos ir teisės sintezę. Ordoliberalai nagrinėja įvairias ūkio struktūras ir ieško Vokietijai tinkančios ekonominės santvarkos. Praktinis socialinio rinkos ūkio koncepcijos taikymas pradėtas 1948-1953 m. Socialinio rinkos ūkio koncepcijos pagrindą sudaro ordoliberalų suformuluoti septyni konstituciniai principai (efektyvi kainų sistema, pinigų vertę stabilizuojanti pinigų politika, atviros rinkos principas, privati nuosavybė, sutarčių laisvė, atsakomybė, ekonominės politikos pastovumas) ir keturi reguliavimo principai (monopolijų priežiūra, pajamų perskirstymas, išorės efektų reguliavimas, minimalių kainų kontrolė). Šių dienų ordoliberalai, pripažindami konstitucinių ir reguliavimo principų svarbą, teigia, kad dabartinėmis globalizacijos sąlygomis jų nepakanka. Formuluojami nauji, vadinamieji plėtros, principai (subsidiarumo, legitimacijos, kongruencijos), nurodantys konstitucinių principų keitimo kryptį, padedantys pasirinkti alternatyvas. Šiais principais siūloma remtis, svarstant Vokietijos socialinio rinkos ūkio keitimo kryptį, analizuojant ekonominių reformų priimtinumą. Šiuo metu Vokietijoje plėtojant diskusiją, kurią apibūdina moto „nuo gerovės visiems prie galimybių visiems“, siekiama dviejų tikslų: pirma, parodyti socialinio rinkos ūkio galimybes ir pasikeitusiomis sąlygomis atsivėrusias veiklos sritis; antra, pakeisti visuomenės nuomonę, įveikti pasipriešinimą neatidėliotinoms reformoms, be kurių neįmanoma prisitaikyti prie naujų globalizacijos eros keliamų reikalavimų. The article analyses the development of the concept of social market economy resulting from the changes of the living standards in the society, the principles of ordoliberal order and the problems of their adjustment to economic reality. Concept modification requires principles of determination, which would help to choose the alternatives. For this purpose German scholars have introduced additional evolution principles into the concept of social market economy together with detailed constitutional and regulatory order principles. With their help the legitimacy and purposefulness of immediate economic reforms are verified, and the instruments of economic policy are approved. The article introduces the initiative "A New Social Market Economy”. The purpose of this initiative is to show the opportunities offered by the social market economy, to change the social climate and to overcome the resistance to immediate reforms.
- Published
- 2004
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