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Distribution networks are exposed to new challenges due to the evolution of technology, requiring planning engineers to perform studies with greater regularity with more detailed electric models, to improve network decision-making processes. This paper proposes an approach to periodically build, a validated OpenDSS distribution network model for network planning, converting electric elements of Geographic Information System to Common Information Model files, which can be used to feed Distribution System Management and OpenDSS platforms, closing gaps between these two systems. The proposal enables a fast conversion of 100% of a distribution network, reducing time for decision making and giving more robustness to planning studies and further analysis. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in creating suitable and open-source network models, with high accuracy, for a variety of studies for network planning helping Smart Grid implementation and power quality enhancements.

The migration of paper-based work packages to an electronic version for the nuclear power industry results in opportunities for work optimization through data analytics and integration. This can on...

In this paper a common information data model representing European style low voltage terminal distribution networks is adapted to be used and embedded in a graph-based database. The final purpose of the use of this data model is the real time management of these kind of networks. At this moment, most of the European countries already deployed a Smart Meter based measurement systems in nearly all customers. In many countries, like Spain, the communication system of the Smart Meters is based in the so called power line communication technology. The special features of the European low voltage networks, together with the communication system are considered to optimise the data storage, management and pre/post-processing of the data.

In the smart distribution grid, deep integration of power system and information system is the development direction. In order to effectively excavate the potential value of massive data generated in planning and operation phases, the storage of big data is one of the key technologies. This paper proposes a big data storage method for smart distribution grid based on neo4j graph database. Use the common information model (CIM) of power system for reference to establish topology model of smart distribution grid. The storage method of multivariate heterogeneous data is presented integrated the advantages of graph database and relational database. Simulation results on the IEEE standard test systems show that the proposed big data storage method is able to effectively improve data storage and analysis efficiency of smart distribution grid, and a practical citizen power grid is adopted to verified the effectiveness.

This chapter discusses the data extraction schemes driven by Internet of Things (IoT) in a hybrid microgrid (HMG) system using common information model (CIM). The HMG hardware setup is mounted at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur in West Bengal, India. The chapter includes the HMG system description and its different components along with their converter interfaces and the major challenges faced while integrating them in the HMG system. The efficacy of CIM with different IoT techniques in mitigating the issues is also discussed. It then explains the impact of the proposed interfacing techniques over the delay in the transmission/reception of the system parameters, because the channel adopted using IoT (Ethernet, serial communication, and web services). The evaluation of the propagation delay, for all the interfaces in the HMG system, is then illustrated by IEC standard 61850 through different plots obtained from the read/write data latency from Wireshark snipping tool.

Distribution network refers to the distribution network that distributes electrical energy from transmission grids or power stations on-site or to users according to voltage levels. It has the characteristics of complicated structure and diverse application scenarios. In order to meet different distribution needs, the business systems established by power companies are also various, but they encounter difficulties when they need to interact with each other. Due to the inconsistency of interfaces and data structures, the information exchange between systems it is often difficult to achieve. The emergence of a public information model provides a solution to this problem, and each system can implement system construction by following the standards established by it to achieve efficient information interaction and data sharing between systems. Therefore, modeling the distribution network based on the public information model is of great significance. Based on the research of domestic and foreign distribution network information models, this paper proposes a method for distribution network model design based on common information model (CIM) based on the problems existing in the development of distribution network in China. The network topology algorithm is studied, and finally, a distribution network model based on the public information model is established.

In power utilities, Independent System Operators (ISOs), and Reliability Coordinators (RCs), the power system models were often developed and maintained separately for grid operations and system planning departments to meet the distinctive business needs. Due to this de-facto modeling process, the two power system models for operations and planning tend to diverge over time, although they both intended to represent the same physical power systems. This creates significant challenges to engineers on both sides, as they assess the real-time and study the future states of the power grid using the EMS model and planning model respectively, but sometimes have to try to reconcile the gaps between the two models when models delta may cause unacceptable study results. The ultimate solution to this legacy issue is to build a central modeling authority, preferably based on Common Information Model (CIM) within the organization. This however is very resource intensive and costly to accomplish. In this paper an innovative approach is proposed, which integrates the operations and planning models using intelligent rule based methods to map equipment between two models in databases. The methodologies for establishing the mapping is discussed in great detail. With the accomplishment of model integration, several of its use cases are also discussed.

To reduce the waste of storage and computing resources in traditional data integration methods, a multidimensional information integration method for power transmission and transformation equipment (PTTE) is proposed. Firstly, a common information model (CIM) defined in IEC 61970/61968 is chosen as the global schema for multi-dimensional information of PTTE, including online and offline data. Secondly, a representational state transfer (REST)-based data integration mechanism is proposed to improve maintenance efficiency and expansibility. Finally, based on CIM and integration mechanism, a multi-dimensional information integration platform is made up for PTTE, and the practical application is introduced in detail, which provides a novel idea about equipment information integration.

Base on the description of standard distribution network expansion package of DCIM (Distribution Common Information Model) in IEC61968, the power flow calculation related equipment model of distribution network is established. The basic principle of power flow calculation based on Newton Raphson method is adopted, and the large-scale distributed power access to distribution network is taken into account, so as to realize the design of tide flow calculation algorithm. Based on the platform of distribution automation management system, the online three-phase power flow calculation program is developed, which is reliable and easy to operate, and fully meets the needs of the project, so as to solve the practical power flow analysis and calculation problems in the actual project.

Since the popularity of unattended 500kV substation, full life cycle management and remote fault diagnosis and monitoring of substation equipment are required. The three dimension data of substation equipment can provide more information, thus the diagnosis and monitoring results can be improved. In this paper, an object-oriented three dimension model is built. With this model, the panoramic information of substation equipment can be acquired. The object-oriented technology has been adopted in the common information model of substation. In this paper, Object-oriented common information model is proposed. In this model, different equipment model is encapsulated in extension packages respectively. Based on this model, a three dimension substation monitoring system has been applied as a feasible scheme to improve the substation fault diagnosis and monitoring.

One of the main and essential features in microgrids is a reliable and secure communication networks which enable two-way communication between microgrids components and between microgrids to other systems. Microgrids components, as well as the other related system, currently work on different communication standards such as IEC 61850, Common Information Model (CIM), Open Platform Communication-Unified Architecture (OPC-UA), Modbus, and Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3). Therefore, it requires a harmonization system to enable them to communicate each other. This paper presents a development of a common platform for microgrids that provides interoperability between components with different communication standards. This common platform also provides necessary infrastructures to the various business owners who involve in the microgrids system. First, various communication standards used in the microgrids platform are described including the harmonization between particular standards. Then, the development of microgrids platforms including Substation Configuration Language (SCL) studio, SCADA, Integrated Model Harmonization Studio (IMHS), and integrated Gateway is presented. Finally, the conformity of the proposed microgrids platform is verified on IEEE 9-bus network.

Smart grids with interoperability improve grid reliability by collecting system information and transferring it to an energy management system and associated applications through a seamless end-to-end connection. To achieve interoperability, it is required to exchange the semantic information within the different domains. The international electrotechnical commission has established the Common Information Model (CIM) tool, which is a standard application programming interface for the exchange of semantic information in power systems. CIM provides a robust framework for accurate data sharing, merging, and transformation into reusable information. However, as CIM provides a basic framework for information exchange, various practical issues arise in establishing an energy management system capable of exchanging information using CIM. This paper aims to offer a comprehensive understanding by summarizing and categorizing the research on the practical use of CIM for interoperability in smart grids. Many papers are analyzed and the issues are classified into CIM extension, harmonization, and validation to address the issues that arise when establishing an integrated information exchange system.

Over the last decade, the Common Information Model (CIM), as specified by IEC 61970 / 61968, has become an important document format for the storage of power grid data. Its object-oriented design makes it easily maintainable and extensible for many use cases in the energy sector. As a result, more and more power grid analysis and simulation tools allow the import and export of CIM based power grid data. Unfortunately, many of them are proprietary and therefore not convenient in the research area since their component models and numerical back-ends often cannot be modified by the user. Thus, open-source alternatives are in demand, such as simulation environments based on the popular modeling language Modelica. Therefore, this paper presents our approach of a template based CIM to Modelica converter. The usage of templates makes it easily adaptable for the generation of Modelica system models targeting arbitrary Modelica libraries. The presented approach is implemented in an open-source project called CIMverter, evaluated on a real-world case with two Modelica power system libraries, and validated against a proprietary simulation tool.

Modern electric power distribution systems are data rich and include growing numbers of distributed energy resources and distribution automation. To take advantage of distribution automation and manage growing penetrations of distributed energy resources, distribution utilities need applications for planning and operations that use all available data and may incorporate distributed approaches to operate and control. The industry would benefit from distribution management applications based on a common platform that makes systems of each type interchangeable. This paper describes an approach to enabling cost-effective development and deployment of advanced applications for distribution system planning and operations based on development of an open-source, standards-based platform for application development called GridAPPS-D, which leverages data abstractions for application development based on standards, such as the distribution system common information model.

The operation of active distribution network (ADN) will take into account more uncertainties, flexibility and diversity provided by the distributed energy resources and flexible loads. The optimization of ADN should be based on a panoramic distribution network model. An architecture of advanced distribution management system is proposed, which the distribution network model resource center is the core layer to integrate the models from the EMS, DMS and EMMS, and to provide model services for the advanced functions. With respect to issues in terms of ambiguous boundaries, information missing or overlapping between multiple models, a boundary device management tool based on IEC 61970 and IEC 61968 CIM is designed, whose main functions include searching boundary devices, overlapping information analysis, model merging and model partitioning.

Power utilities are facing a steady increase in the number of services required to optimize business processes. Consequently, power companies are facing an increase in the amount of data and the number of transactions that are being performed. In such circumstances, it is necessary to establish an optimal mechanism for the exchange of data between different systems of the information system, but also with external regulatory bodies. Establishing an interface between each component of an information system is not acceptable as it implies significant changes to the system. Therefore, the paper discusses how to establish an enterprise service architecture in a specific business environment, which involves implementing a standardized model using specific data conversion tools.

Common Information Model (CIM) is an important framework used to describe electrical power systems at different voltage levels, widely applied both in the area of event message exchange and in network topology and parameter exchange. Common Grid Model Exchange Specification (CGMES) is a superset of CIM, developed specifically to meet needs of ENTSO-E, related to coordination of different actions performed by Transmission System Operators (TSO) working in the reality of interconnected and interdependent pan-European power grid. It works as vendor-independent interface between European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) members, allowing them to exchange modelling information and perform common studies, despite their reliance on different analytical applications.This article is meant to work as an introduction to CGMES, its history, current place in ENTSO-E business processes, results of interoperability test and paths for further development. Key concepts in power system modelling for interconnected transmission systems are presented, including centrally maintained Boundary profiles, model authority sets (MAS), usage of globally unique master resource identifiers (mRID), profile-based model exchange and processing.

Smart electricity grids are key to a successful transition towards a future sustainable energy system. Network topology processing (NTP) is an important and frequently reoccurring task in most power grid analysis and simulation applications' including power flow calculations, short circuit and contingency analysis. NTP is applied to a detailed node-break-er representation of the power grid, as provided by the IEC Common Information Model (CIM). It is performed in order to obtain a reduced bus-branch representation, which serves as input to downstream analysis and simulation applications. The present paper introduces a novel approach to NTP that utilises a semantic knowledge base for network model management and exploits semantic reasoning over the formal CIM ontology and instance data. The proposed system is tested on publicly available ENTSO-E data, validated by converting the generated bus-branch model to Matpower and running power flow calculations in a power grid modelling and simulation framework.

Recent innovations in Information Technology, Cloud Computing, Big Data analysis, Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are enabling technological solutions that were previously unimaginable, or usually available only for big IT companies, with impacts in both industry and services. The demonstrator named Smart Grid Semantic Platform (SGSP) has been created using these technologies integrating several aspects of the management of an electricity distribution network. The services deployed on the platform concern the visualization of the topographic data and electricity grid assets, as well as the processing and displaying of historical data related to the operation of the networks and/or the result of Big Data analysis. This paper demonstrates how useful the synergy is between the standard semantic model of the electric network (IEC CIM 61968) and the historical data of the time series of medium voltage electricity consumption analyzed using a Big Data platform. Specifically it illustrates the realization of a use case about the calculation of a load index of the electric lines.

The correct voltage static load characteristics are required for efficient and reliable dispatching control in power systems and for stability simulation studies. Nowadays, one of the key problems is updating available static load characteristics due to the lack of special software for voltage and power measurement data processing. This article proposes the algorithm and architecture of special software and their implementation to computerize the process of correct voltage static load characteristics obtaining. The developed algorithm is based on data mining methods, and the results of calculations can be used in software packages that support the Common Information Model standard.

The paper presents basic concepts of integration and CIM-based data exchange in smart grids. It presents the scope of the problems which distribution network operators and transmission system operators are facing in todays’ environment. Furthermore, the paper explains the need for interoperability within power systems operators and explains the standardization which is in place to serve these purposes. The IT integration standards are based on the IEC CIM (Common Information Model – family of standards IEC61970, IEC61968 and IEC62325) whose’ main aim is to integrate the system operator’s existing and newly introduces OT/IT systems by means of a common service-oriented architecture concept. Basic concepts and methodologies in such projects are given. This methodology is then demonstrated through multiple use cases which were implemented in Slovenia in the scope of the Slovenian-Japanese cooperation project - NEDO involving two local distribution network operators and the transmission system operator. A brief description of the project is given as well as results and conclusions.

In the context of smart grid development, this paper considers the problem of interoperability of micro-grid platforms, particularly among research institutions. Various levels of interoperability are introduced with the respective requirements. The primary aim of the paper is to propose a suitable private hybrid cloud based SCADA architecture satisfying various necessities in the framework of interoperability of micro-grid platforms while maintaining security restriction conditions. Due to the limited time restriction of critical SCADA functions in the electrical grid (protection, real time control, etc.), only selected non-critical SCADA functions (back-up, data historian, etc.) are accessible to partners from the private cloud. The critical SCADA tasks functionality remains under control of local server, thus, a hybrid cloud architecture. Common Information Model (IEC 61970 and IEC 61968, CIM/XML/RDF) is proposed to be used as model for information exchange. The communication model is based on PaaS delivery model and OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) specifications are considered. OPC gateway is proposed as conversion between the old OPC Distributed Common Object Model (DCOM) protocol and the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) for cloud.

Power system, natural gas system, and thermal system are traditionally managed by different types of companies, resulting in information islands among different systems. In order to break the information islands phenomenon and realize the unified management of electric-gas-heat integrated energy system, this paper thoroughly analyses the composition and characteristics of the electricity-gas-heat integrated energy system and extends the common information model by using object-oriented modeling concept based on the IEC 61970 to meet the needs of integrated energy systems, such as multi-energy flow calculation, optimal scheduling, and operational control. The complete extended model of natural gas system, thermal system, coupling links and multi-energy storage systems is built. In addition, the attributes of key classes in the electricity-gas-heat integrated energy system are described, such as the classes of natural gas source, natural gas transporting unit, natural gas pipeline, natural gas load, motor-driven compressor, power-to-gas unit, power-to-heat unit, natural gas storage system, thermal storage system and hydrogen storage system. The extended common information model of electricity-gas-heat integrated energy system is built under the Rational Rose platform and an example verification is carried out to generate XML file and partial code of header file and source file in order to test the rationality of the extended common information model.

Distribution System Operators (DSOs) rely on an increasing number of software applications for network operation and management. These applications need to exchange data with each other smoothly and efficiently. To facilitate inter-application communications and improve interoperability, IEC Common Information Model (CIM) standards and enterprise integration technologies, such as Service-oriented architecture (SOA), can be used. This paper focuses on one distribution management use case – “Coordinated Voltage Control”, explains how CIM standards and SOA technologies can utilized to integrate Coordinated Voltage Control Matlab software with external systems such as SCADA. The paper covers design, implementation and laboratory demonstration for the communication aspect of this use case. acceptedVersion

In Energy Management System (EMS) applications and many other off-line planning and study tools, one-line diagram (OLND) of the whole system and stations is a straightforward view for planners and operators to design, monitor, analyze, and control the power system. Large-scale power system OLND is usually manually developed and maintained. The work is tedious, time-consuming and ease to make mistake. Meanwhile, the manually created diagrams are hard to be shared among the on-line and off-line systems. To save the time and efforts to draw and maintain OLNDs, and provide the capability to share the OLNDs, a tool to automatically develop substation based upon Common Information Model (CIM) standard is needed. Currently, there is no standard rule to draw the substation OLND. Besides, the substation layouts can be altered from the typical formats in textbooks based on factors of economy, efficiency, engineering practice, etc. This paper presents a tool on substation OLND automatic generation and visualization. This tool takes the substation CIM/E model as input, then automatically computes the coordinates of all components and generates the substation OLND based on its components attributes and connectivity relations. Evaluation of the proposed approach is presented using a real provincial power system. Over 95\% of substation OLNDs are decently presented and the rest are corner cases, needing extra effort to do specific reconfiguration., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, accepted by 2019 IEEE PES ISGT ASIA

A key challenge in the power and energy field is the development of decision-support systems that enable studying big problems as a whole. The interoperability between multi-agent systems that address specific parts of the global problem is essential. Ontologies ease the interoperability between heterogeneous systems providing semantic meaning to the information exchanged between the various parties. The use of ontologies within Smart Grids has been proposed based on the Common Information Model, which defines a common vocabulary describing the basic components used in electricity transportation and distribution. However, these ontologies are focused on utilities’ needs. The development of ontologies that allow the representation of diverse knowledge sources is essential, aiming at supporting the interaction between entities of different natures, facilitating the interoperability between these systems. This paper proposes a set of ontologies to enable the interoperability between different types of agent-based simulators, namely regarding electricity markets, the smart grid, and residential energy management. A case study based on real data shows the advantages of the proposed approach in enabling comprehensive power system simulation studies.

This paper introduces the spatial information technology of geography information (GIS) to implement the modelling of distribution network and dynamic topology relationships at the context of topology modelling specifications of Common Information Model (CIM). On the basis of the data model, this paper aims to establish an automatic mapping system oriented to the one-line electrical connection diagram. As a result, a simple and reliable thematic mapping algorithm is constructed oriented to satisfy the key technical requirements of distribution network mapping, including scientific layout of thematic map, wiring aesthetics and avoiding crossover. The given algorithm of topology model and automatic thematic mapping are applied and verified in a geographic information management system implemented by the Foshan Power Supply Bureau. The results show that the system can real-time and accurately present the attribute data of distribution network equipment, spatial data and important operating parameters.

IEC 61850 and Common Information Model (CIM) (IEC 61968/61970) are predominantly used in smart grid domain to achieve the interoperability. CIM focuses on the organizational structures of different components within the smart grid while IEC 61850 focuses on the structure of information exchanges between field devices and systems. CIM can possibly be used for power system domain ontology and indeed for physical modeling too. On the other hand, the IEC 61850-7-420 defines object classes for assets such as Distributed Energy Resource (DER) which may include solar generation, storage, diesel generators etc., DER unit controllers, and other DER-associated power electronic devices (e.g., inverter). These object classes describe asset-specific attributes such as type of assets, set points, state of charge, limits, and ramp rate etc. While acknowledging the cumbersomeness involved in IEC 61850 engineering, there is a need to develop an easily engineer-able and interoperable system that would achieve the efficient operation of microgrid control system. In this paper, we have modelled a subset of microgrid system using different semantic models and tried to formulate the ontology to achieve an intended interoperable information model. The proposed model generation and deployment would achieve easy integration and autonomous operation of devices from different vendors with different information models.

A key challenge in the power and energy field is the development of decision-support systems that enable studying big problems as a whole. The interoperability between systems that address specific parts of the global problem is essential. Ontologies ease the interoperability between heterogeneous systems providing semantic meaning to the information exchanged between the various parties. The use of ontologies within Smart Grids has been proposed based on the Common Information Model, which defines a common vocabulary describing the basic components used in electricity transportation and distribution. However, these ontologies are focused on utilities needs. The development of ontologies that allow the representation of diverse knowledge sources is essential, aiming at supporting the interaction between entities of different natures, facilitating the interoperability between these systems. This paper proposes a set of ontologies to enable the interoperability between different types of simulators, namely regarding electricity markets, the smart grid, and residential energy management. A case study based on real data shows the advantages of the proposed approach in enabling comprehensive power system simulation studies.

The separation of vertically integrated electric power utility in Nigeria into independent entities has opened up the requirement for information and data exchange among the new entities not only to guarantee the security and reliability of the power network, but also for accounting purposes. However, information exchange in highly heterogeneous computing environment poses a major difficulty due to different applications, databases and data models of these enti- ties. This work presents a Unified Nigerian Electricity Market In- formation Model called UNEMIM to overcome this difficulty. UN- EMIM specifies a uniform way for describing and communicat- ing electricity market data. The UNEMIM object model and XML Schema generated from the model are presented along with ap- plication examples. A unified information model will provide a common language for describing information and data in Nige- ria deregulated electricity market. This will eliminate the require- ment for data mapping from multiple sources thereby overcoming the challenge of an in depth understanding of several data sources from the different stakeholders in the electricity market in Nigeria. the initial take off of the competitive electricity market during the transitional period. The introduction of competition into Nigeria electricity market however brings with it enormous responsibilities from all the stake- holders. One of these responsibilities is the requirement for infor- mation and data interchange. The separation of the vertically in- tegrated PHCN into independent entities makes it mandatory for the different entities to interact and exchange information and data not only for the management and monitoring of system security and reliability, but also for the accounting and settlement purposes (3). The newly created actors in the Nigeria electricity market will therefore need to automate communication with one another. The information and data exchange requirements are well documented in the Grid Code (4), Distribution Code (5), Metering Code (6) and Market Rules (7). The exchange of meter data between the Market Operator (MO) and the other actors such as the Gencos and Dis- cos is an excellent example of these requirements. Information ex- change will be enabled by several applications needed for fulfilling the functions and roles of the actors in the deregulated electricity market environment. These applications are either inherited from the assets of the PHCN or will be newly acquired or developed. Unified data model and standardized data exchange format will therefore play very significant role in the automation of informa- tion exchange for both inter-applications and inter-corporations. It is very inappropriate to align data model to the individual applica- tion or enterprise data model. Such approach will lack uniformity and will only consider functional requirement of the respective ap- plications or corporations. It is only through the concepts of domain objects that a unified, application independent, and consistent data models can be created and maintained (8). Inter-enterprise data ex- change requires common data model and agreed standardized ex- changing format to prevent the development of multiple message models. A seamless integration of market actors' proprietary infor- mation requires a standard way for describing the electricity market entities, their attributes, and relationships. The important role of information exchange in electric power net- work operations led to the adoption of Common Information Model (CIM) as standard to exchange and manage network models by many electricity utilities all over the world (9), (10), (11), (12), (13) and (14). There are also efforts to extend CIM to support electricity market communications (15) and (16). While the CIM standard can be adapted to cater for the exchange of network models in Nige

In this paper, based on the requirements of standards system of distribution automation, standardized testing method and testing process of performance index of distribution automation system (DAS) is proposed according to the characteristics of implementation, and the technology of automatic test is studied. The paper also brings forward a set of feasible evaluation method and system of DAS to ensure the safe and stable running of distribution automation (DA), combining with a common information model (CIM) import and export function test based on feedback principle and a function test of feeder automation based on predefined fault model.

This investigation proposes a CPES architecture and model for engineering energy management application for smart grids. In particular, the investigation considers the implementation of the power systems state estimator (PSSE). The CPES architecture has three layers: physical, monitoring and applications. The physical layer consists of the grid and the various components. Since, the grid is usually engineered with various devices from multiple vendors that have different protocols and standards; data aggregation becomes a problem. The second layer of the CPES architecture overcomes this problem by proposing a middleware that aggregates data from the physical layer. The topmost layer is the applications layer, where the energy management system applications are implemented. These applications require the model, topology and information from the grid. This requires combining the physical aspects of the grid with the cyber ones. This investigation uses the common information model to model the grid and information exchanges. Then the model is combined with measurement and optimization models of the application to realize the PSSE. The proposed approach is illustrated on a Norwegian distribution grid in Steinkjer. Our results show that the CPES approach provides an easier way to engineer future smart grid applications.

Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (iCPS) are considered as the enabling technology for achieve Industry 4.0. One main characteristic of the iCPS is the information transparency to allow interoperability among various devices and systems. The OPC UA provides a common information model for connecting Industry 4.0 components. On the other hand, the IEC 61499 is commonly used as an executable modeling language for iCPS. The IEC 61499 function block network provides an abstract view of the system configuration. By combining IEC 61499 and OPC UA, a visual executable model for iCPS is completed. In this paper, the mapping between two standards are provided and a case study of the proposed mapping is given.

The management of renewable and distributed energy resources is changing the way in which electric distribution systems are being operated. Many companies commonly create several custom system solutions to manage power distribution. The functions provided by these systems are network visualization, state estimation, system control and data acquisition, among others. Despite their relevance, many mid-size or small distribution companies have problems to install one of these solutions because they are either very expensive, incompatible, or limited by difficulties in data exchange. As a possible solution to this problem, this paper presents the development of a Distribution Management System (DMS) based on open source technology. This system combines four main components: OpenDSS-framework, ActiveMQ-broker, applications for visualizing and editing electrical network, and Common Information Model (CIM). The tool is part of Tenergia R&D project1 and has a collection of applications designed to monitor and control the distribution networks located in Argentina. Fil: Fiaschetti, Leandro Pedro. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados; Argentina Fil: Antunez, Matias Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados; Argentina Fil: Trapani, E.. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Valenzuela, Lautaro Emanuel. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Rubiales, Aldo Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados; Argentina Fil: Risso, Mariano Angel. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Boroni, Gustavo Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Grupo de Plasmas Densos Magnetizados; Argentina

The complexity and intelligence of energy systems has increased in the recent years, whereas using Multi-agent Systems (MAS) has been recommended by IEEE for developing software solutions for modeling, controlling, and simulating their behaviors. Existing proposals on MAS solutions for energy systems proposed ad-hoc solutions for resolving specific problems, without considering interoperability and reusability. We propose a methodology, based on the Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) technique, for developing MAS solutions for energy systems. Our methodology uses the Common Information Model standard (CIM), recommended by IEEE, and the existing Platform Independent agent metamodel PIM4Agents. The proposed methodology allows modeling MAS solutions for power engineering applications, by means of a platform-independent model that abstracts developers from existing agent-oriented methodologies and platforms. Applying model transformations, the generated models can be transformed and executed within several agent platforms such as JACK and JADE. Our proposal has been validated by means of a well-known test case from the literature.

This paper assesses the communication, information, and functional requirements of virtual power plants (VPPs). A conceptual formulation of the interoperability requirements, as well as a comparative study of their fulfillment by state-of-the-art communication techniques, is presented. VPP requirements are then mapped against services and information models of IEC 61850 and common information model (CIM) power utility automation standards. Proposals are given for extensions of the IEC 61850 standard to enhance the interaction between the VPP controller and the distributed energy resources. Finally, the methodology and concepts are applied to a specific VPP consisting of hydro and wind plants, solar photovoltaic (PV) power, and storage facilities. Several applications to provide grid services from the proposed VPP in an existing 50-kV grid are covered. The implementation of the VPP communication and control architecture in the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) of demonstration plant is also presented.

With the integration of power grid developing further, some demand such as power grid analyses decisions centrally has become more and more urgent. At present, the information resources for the use of Power grid equipment monitoring analysis is becoming abundant, but these information, which exists in every professional system independently, is lack of connection and meets the demand of big data analysis on power equipment monitoring hardly. In this paper, a unified information model, modeled by IEC61970 common information model and IEC61850 hierarchical model, is proposed for the analysis of big data monitoring in power grid equipment, which can establish the first and second Equipment Association within the scope of the grid equipment monitoring data, as well as realize centralized access to all measurement information in the method of extending measurement model. This is significant to promote the process of deepening application of power grid equipment monitoring.

In this paper, we analyze an application of the W3C's Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) on the Common Information Model (CIM) for validation purposes. A mapping of CIM RDF Schema into SHACL shapes is defined and an SHACL implementation is made. The CGMES profiles and test configuration provided by ENTSO-E were used for evaluation. In an iterative validation process, required enhancements of CIM datasets were defined. A novel approach for validation of CIM datasets is proposed.

With large scale construction of UHV AC / DC hybrid power grid and the "Big Run" system, the service area of the power network dispatch control system is expanding rapidly. The system is facing new challenges as the data source increased, data type diverted, data size and workload increased dramatically. There is a great demand on storing and retrieving of multi-source massive data. The existing system is inadequate on unified storage and rapid retrieve of massive data, thence the research on unified storage management and retrieve of massive big data for grid dispatch control system is on urgent demand.

International audience; The complexity and intelligence of energy systems has increased in the recent years, whereas using Multi-agents system (MAS) technology has been recommended by IEEE for developing software solutions for modeling, controlling, and simulating their behaviors. Available MAS solutions for energy systems are generally designed for resolving specific problems by proposing ad-hoc solutions, without considering interoperability and reusability. We propose a methodology, based on the Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) technique, for developing MAS solutions for energy systems. Our methodology uses the Common Information Model standard (CIM), recommended by IEEE, and the existing Platform Independent agent metamodel PIM4Agents. Our proposal allows modeling MAS solutions for power engineering applications, by means of a platform independent model that abstracts developers from existing agent-oriented methodologies and platforms. Applying model transformations, the generated models can be transformed and executed within several agent platforms such as JACK and JADE. The proposal has been partially validated by means of a well-known test case.

The RCC-SS (Remote Control Center — Smart Substation) integrated maintenance technology based on SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) is proposed to solve the following problems: the complexity of debugging and maintenance when connecting the smart substation to the remote control center, the singularity of information exchange, and the difficulty to support advanced interactive application. By the construction of a wide-area distribution service system between the RCC (Remote Control Center) and the SS (Smart Substation), this proposal provides services in modelling, communication interface, real-time and historic data, and information verification as example. This RCC-SS system also unifies the modeling and the configuration, develops integrated maintenance tools, converts the substation SCD (Substation Configuration Description) file to CIM/E (Common Information Model / Efficient model exchange format) file and CIM/G (Common Information Model / Graphic exchange format) file used in remote control center, associates ID (Identification) between model and graphic files, imports all the information and stores in database, and lastly executes the automatic checking of the tele-measuring, tele-signaling and protection signaling. As a result, the smart substation's programmatic and automatic connection to the RCC is achieved, and the information exchange and business collaboration capabilities between the RCC and the SS is enhanced.

This article presents an O&M (operation and maintenance) model for electric power information and communication. Based on the CIM (common information model) and considering the common characteristics of the electric power industry, a unified hierarchical model is set up for aspects related to information and communication, such as application system, computer basic resources and virtual resources. The unified resource model can accurately represent the essential attributes and logic relations of resource objects. This model provides support and service for IT applications such as system capacity assessment, system deployment, and virtualization and O&M resource management.

The IEC 61850 protocol suite for electrical sub-station automation enables substation configuration and design for protection, communication, and control. These power system applications can be formally verified through use of object models, common data classes, and message classes. The IEC 61850-7-420 DER (Distributed Energy Resource) extension further defines object classes for assets such as types of DER (e.g., energy storage, photovoltaic), DER unit controllers, and other DER-associated devices (e.g., inverter). These object classes describe asset-specific attributes such as state of charge, capacity limits, and ramp rate. Attributes can be fixed (rated capacity of the device) dynamic (state of charge), or binary (on or off, dispatched or off-line, operational or fault state). We sketch out a proposed ontology based on the 61850 and 61850-7-420 DER object classes to model threats against a micro-grid, which is an electrical system consisting of controllable loads and distributed generation that can function autonomously (in island mode) or connected to a larger utility grid. We consider threats against the measurements on which the control loop is based, as well as attacks against the control directives and the communication infrastructure. We use this ontology to build a threat model using the ADversary View Security Evaluation (ADVISE) framework, which enables identification of attack paths based on adversary objectives (for example, destabilize the entire micro-grid by reconnecting to the utility without synchronization) and helps identify defender strategies. Furthermore, the ADVISE method provides quantitative security metrics that can help inform trade-off decisions made by system architects and controls.

One of the considerable initiatives towards creating a smart society could be the guarantee of a smart, resilient and reliable power grid. As an attempt to improve the electricity supply service, it would be meaningful for the distributed system operators (DSOs) to be able to monitor the current status of the grid. The prediction of future possible critical situations would then be feasible using the available information, whereas, based on historical data, further grid expansion and reinforcement may be planned. A proper presentation and visualization of the near-real time metering data may constitute the baseline for bringing improvements to the power grid. This paper presents an approach to build an efficient visualization system so that the extracted smart meters information can be used in a meaningfulmanner. An overview of the use cases related to the visualization features is first presented, as a motivation for the choice of the relevant state of the art research. In relation to the knowledgeprovided by the metering data, a definition of the big data concept will be further introduced, according to the requirements established by the project definition. Geographic InformationSystem (GIS) tools are useful to help visualize the collected big data in near-real time. For this reason, a survey of existing GIS software will be made so that the choice of the most suitabletool can be justified. Also, the integration of GIS technologies into the Common Information Model (CIM) aims to improve the visualization efficiency. As a consequence, investigating methodsfor adapting CIM standards to the GIS platform are also important.

For simulating cyber-physical energy systems, distinct simulation domains need to be integrated for a comprehensive analysis of the interdependent subsystems. In particular, continuous time-based power system simulation and discrete event-based simulation of information and communication technology (ICT) networks are critical for investigating future smart grids. This paper presents the novel cosimulation environment INtegrated coSimulation of Power and ICT systems for Real-time Evaluation (INSPIRE) of power and ICT systems using the high-level architecture (HLA) (IEEE Std. 1516-2010). By applying the HLA standard, the environment is extendable to other simulation domains and a variety of functionalities and models, like thermal load models and additional third-party tools. Moreover, the HLA enables computational performance by distributed execution of each simulator on its own hardware and, thus, the applicability to realistic large-scale scenarios. INSPIRE has been designed under consideration of industrial standards [IEC 61850,object linking and embedding (OLE) for process control (OPC), and the common information model (CIM) (IEC 61968/61970)] in order to enhance interoperability, and to develop and validate solutions close to practice. The simulation results underline the interdependencies of power and ICT systems, and the necessity of an integrated analysis.

Recently, a distribution management system (DMS) that can conduct periodical system analysis and control by mounting various applications programs has been actively developed. In this paper, we summarize the development and demonstration of a database structure that can perform real-time system analysis and control of the Korean smart distribution management system (KSDMS). The developed database structure consists of a common information model (CIM)-based off-line database (DB), a physical DB (PDB) for DB establishment of the operating server, a real-time DB (RTDB) for real-time server operation and remote terminal unit data interconnection, and an application common model (ACM) DB for running application programs. The ACM DB for real-time system analysis and control of the application programs was developed by using a parallel table structure and a link list model, thereby providing fast input and output as well as high execution speed of application programs. Furthermore, the ACM DB was configured with hierarchical and non-hierarchical data models to reflect the system models that increase the DB size and operation speed through the reduction of the system, of which elements were unnecessary for analysis and control. The proposed database model was implemented and tested at the Gochaing and Jeju offices using a real system. Through data measurement of the remote terminal units, and through the operation and control of the application programs using the measurement, the performance, speed, and integrity of the proposed database model were validated, thereby demonstrating that this model can be applied to real systems.