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Resumen Este artículo define la figura dogmática jurídica de la autoría mediata en su tercera categoría, que es la aplicable a las estructuras de poder organizado al margen de la ley, en las que rige una estricta categorización jerárquica, para entender su composición, la interpretación y la aplicación que se le da en la doctrina y en la jurisprudencia, delimitar su alcance y proponer alternativas para la resolución de problemas de imputación de los delitos cometidos por subordinados de los mandos de la organización, como lo es la responsabilidad del superior por omisión derivada de las reglas de guerra. Abstract This article defines the legal dogmatic figure of command liability in its third category, which is applicable to organized power structures with a strict hierarchical, to delimit its scope and propose alternatives for the resolution of problems of imputation of crimes committed by subordinates of the organization's commanders, such as the superior's responsibility for omission derived from the rules of war. Resumo Este artigo define a figura dogmática jurídica da autoria mediata em sua terceira categoria, que é a aplicável às estruturas de poder organizadas à margem da lei, nas quais rege uma categorização hierárquica estrita para entender sua composição, interpretação e aplicação dada segundo a doutrina e a jurisprudência, delimitar seu alcance e propor alternativas para resolver problemas de imputação dos delitos cometidos por subordinados dos líderes da organização, como é a responsabilidade do superior por omissão derivada das regras de guerra.

Recent cases of criminal prosecution of masters of the ship (Laptalo Case etc.) for the illicit trade of drugs, raise awareness in the international seafarers community, concerning the criminalization of seafarers in general. The main issue is the (non)existence of command liability in sense of criminal law of the master of the ship for any illicit cargo found on the ship. This presentation deals with the definition of the act of trafficking, in wider and narrower sense, smuggling and stowaways. Further, it elaborates the functions of the master of the ship and the cargo handling procedure in modern maritime shipping industry. As a conclusion, it is stated that a sharp line has to be drawn and understood between the maritime and commercial liablity of the master of the ship for the declared cargo and ship itself, and the criminal liability based on strict (command) liability. There is no room for such a liability, since it is contrary to the principle of "nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege", and there is no liability by analogy in criminal law.