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During the pandemic, assisted reproductive treatments suffered from major disruptions in their terms due to the restrictions imposed. The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of anxiety of women whose treatments were either suspended or delayed. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between April and May 2020. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was applied by telephone in a Spanish adapted version. The research also included social, personal, and work aspects which may be involved in the challenging situation. Results: A total of 115 patients participated in the study (73.7%). Women showed a mean in trait anxiety of 17.79 (SD = 8.80) and a mean in state anxiety of 19.95 (SD = 9.08). Neither the type of treatment nor the time of infertility were predictors of trait anxiety or state anxiety. Greater age pressure and more worry were associated to greater trait and state anxiety (p < 0.001). The most common emotional reactions to discontinuation of fertility treatments were sadness and anxiety. Conclusions: Discontinuation of fertility treatments due to confinement restrictions had a negative impact on the mental health of women who were following a process of assisted reproduction treatment, increasing their levels of emotional distress and anxiety.

Over the last decade, the potential of nature-based solutions (NBS) has been recognized to support climate change adaptation, by promoting sustainable urban planning. Nevertheless, a wider uptake of such solutions in urban areas faces different challenges and barriers. A comprehensive mapping of available NBS impact assessment methods could help to accelerate this process. There is, however, a lack of comprehensive systematization of economic analysis. This research aims to provide an overview of NBS impact evaluations by assessing how the scientific literature integrates such economic analysis into urban planning adaptation. A systematic review approach has been used to discuss the role of NBS in climate change adaptation. This review presents two main stages. Firstly, it identifies the biophysical–economic assessment of NBS adaptation measures to reduce urban flood extremes in coastal cities. Secondly, the NBS approaches were categorized based on the biophysical benefits (in terms of flood-risk reduction) related to each specific solution and the subsequent economic evaluation of such implementations. This research review revealed a low-level gap of integration between climate change issues and NBS analysis (i.e., it is commonly used as background condition). Most publications provide NBS biophysical impacts assessment, without combining these results with economic evaluation of the flood damages to finally achieve the avoided cost due to the implementation of such solutions. This work shows the growing interest on further research to develop spatially integrated environmental–economic assessment of NBS implementation, by highlighting the needs and opportunities of a trans-disciplinary approach to support policy-making in the framework of urban climate change adaptation.

Vertical greenery offers the possibility of redefining the relationship between buildings and vegetation, promoting a biophilic concept of the city that aims to reactivate natural processes and social cohesion. The flexibility and multifunctionality of these systems allow their application in very different contexts, seeing unused urban spaces as alternative places suitable for plant colonisation. The present contribution expands the contemporary debate within which to evaluate the collaboration between man and nature by exploring functional possibilities aimed at overcoming the use of vertical greenery as mere ornamentation. The approaches presented feed the reflection on the interdisciplinary character of this type of technological green, showing an evolving understanding of the environmental, social and economic impacts at a territorial level., Il verde verticale offre la possibilità di ridefinire il rapporto tra costruito e vegetazione, promuovendo una concezione biofilica della città che mira a riattivare processi naturali e di coesione sociale. La flessibilità e la multifunzionalità di questi sistemi ne permettono l’applicazione in contesti molto differenti, vedendo negli spazi urbani inutilizzati luoghi alternativi adatti alla colonizzazione vegetale. Il presente contributo amplia il dibattito contemporaneo entro cui valutare la collaborazione tra uomo e natura esplorando possibilità funzionali volte a superare l’uso del verde verticale come solo ornamento. Gli approcci presentati alimentano la riflessione sul carattere interdisciplinare di questa tipologia di verde tecnologico, mostrando un’evoluzione della comprensione delle ricadute ambientali, sociali ed economiche a livello territoriale.