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CO, H2, and other combustible gases will be produced during coal oxidation in coal mines, which will increase the risk of explosion when mixed with methane. Therefore, it is very important to understand the production characteristics of combustible gas during coal oxidation. In this paper, a programmed temperature gas test system is built to study the impact of lignite on the production of gases at different particle sizes and temperatures, and the release characteristics of gases are also analyzed. The result shows that the production of combustible gas is influenced by the coal particle size significantly when the temperature is above 200 °C, and it decreases as the particle size increases. CO is the main gas during the early stage of coal spontaneous combustion, and the release of CH4 and H2 increases after 300 °C. The fitted equations of gas generation and temperature are consistent with the experimental results. The research results are helpful in understanding the hazards of coal spontaneous combustion and have a certain guiding significance for coal mine monitoring and prevention of coal spontaneous combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the article low-temperature pyrolysis of coal of "Saryadyr" deposit with determination of physical and chemical properties of coal and products of its thermal destruction is carried out. Elemental analysis of coal and analysis of mineral part of coal were carried out. 6 parallel experiments of the process of lowtemperature pyrolysis of coal were carried out, as a result of which the yields of such products as semicoke, tar, combustible gas were determined, as well as their main characteristics (component composition, calorific value, etc.) were determined. The convergence of the results (from 6 experiments) is quite satisfactory. The thermal balance of coal pyrolysis was carried out taking into account the average yields of products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimum ignition energy (MIE) is a crucial parameter for identifying the hazards of combustible gases. To rapidly obtain accurate MIE values for various gases, the shape of the ignition source was simplified to cylindrical. Based on theories of heat conduction and chemical reaction kinetics, a physical model of the ignition process was established. The spatial and temporal evolution of temperature was used as a basis for judging the success of ignition. A numerical algorithm was developed and maximum flame temperatures and MIE were calculated for several combustible gases (H 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , C 4 H 10 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2). This model accurately predicted the U-shaped trend of MIE values with concentration for CH 4 /air and H 2 /air mixtures. It found that the MIE was minimal at the stoichiometric concentration, at 0.37 mJ and 0.017 mJ, closely aligning with experimental data. This numerical model has been validated for its accuracy and promises to make relatively precise theoretical predictions for the MIE values of uncommon combustible gases or mixtures of various gases. [Display omitted] • New prediction model for the minimum ignition energy of gases. • Full consideration of ignition details and comparison with experimental values. • Maximum temperature and minimum ignition energy for multiple gases. • Trends in minimum ignition energy with concentration for H 2 and CH 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective At present, the safety issue is still the primary reason limiting the large-scale application of air flooding. Therefore, the calculation method of the explosion limit of air flooding was used in this study. Methods Through the combination of the component calculation method of six kinds of combustible gases, literature value of single component gases and two kinds of multi-component calculation method, fourteen kinds of calculation combinations have been obtained. The calculation results of various combinations have been subsequently compared with the explosion-measured values of three wells in a domestic oilfield to determine which combination has the best adaptability. Results The overall error of the calculation results obtained by combining the carbon atom single component method and checking the figure-Le Chatlier method was relatively good, which was more consistent with the measured value of explosion limit. Conclusion This study provides a reference for selecting theoretical calculation methods for the well fluid gas explosion limit with the volume fraction of C1-C3 light hydrocarbon content of more than 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO, H2, and other combustible gases will be produced during coal oxidation in coal mines, which will increase the risk of explosion when mixed with methane. Therefore, it is very important to understand the production characteristics of combustible gas during coal oxidation. In this paper, a programmed temperature gas test system is built to study the impact of lignite on the production of gases at different particle sizes and temperatures, and the release characteristics of gases are also analyzed. The result shows that the production of combustible gas is influenced by the coal particle size significantly when the temperature is above 200 °C, and it decreases as the particle size increases. CO is the main gas during the early stage of coal spontaneous combustion, and the release of CH4 and H2 increases after 300 °C. The fitted equations of gas generation and temperature are consistent with the experimental results. The research results are helpful in understanding the hazards of coal spontaneous combustion and have a certain guiding significance for coal mine monitoring and prevention of coal spontaneous combustion.

Temperature distribution characteristics are important for evaluating the combustion status, safety monitoring, and disaster diagnosis of combustible gases. Traditional colorimetric thermometry is difficult to measure the temperature of combustible gases for the lack of the grey-body in the burning processes. In the present study, a visible burning facility for combustible gases is designed, and the temperature characteristics are measured using an improved colorimetric pyrometer with auxiliary solid powders as a grey-body. In order to improve the temperature measurement accuracy of the system, the type, particle size, and concentration of the powders as well as the ignition delay time are studied. After many debugging experiments, it is found that the best measurement results are obtained for the 30/70 H2/air mixture with the tungsten powder with the mean particle size of 7.9 m, particle concentration of 21 g/m3, and ignition delay time of 80 ms. The results are corroborated with the previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power Engineering Technology is the property of Editorial Department of Electric Power Engineering Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Oil scum is a blackish gel collected from the air flotation of the oil-bearing wastewater from oil refinery plants. It commonly contains 37.5% water, 52.3% tar, and 10.2% inorganic substance. It is categorized as a regulated hazardous waste and often disposed of as an additive in cement rotary kiln. In this study, the tar in the oil scum was converted to valuable volatiles using Fe-rich cold-rolling sludge as the catalyst in the pyrolysis process. Results showed that the conversion efficiency of tar to gas reached 52.2% with the addition of cold-rolling sludge, a 73% increase from direct pyrolysis. This conversion efficiency was also higher than using other additives, for example, alumina, KOH, and dolomite. The oil scum contained 34.5% aromatics and 33.2% saturated hydrocarbons, both of which were completely converted to base oil and gas product during the pyrolysis process. The base oil contained 79.5% chain hydrocarbons, and the combustible gas had 20.6% H2, 12.8% CH4, and 48.4% C2/C4 hydrocarbons. The abundant hematite in the added cold-rolling sludge was converted to magnetite, FeO, and Fe during the pyrolysis process, and the redox cycling of Fe-oxides/element-Fe enabled the dehydrogenation of aromatics and the deoxygenation of the oxygen-containing chain hydrocarbons. As a result, the polycondensation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was effectively inhibited, and a magnetic char was generated. This work provided a promising strategy of "treating wastes with wastes" for converting oil scum to valuable gas, base oil, and magnetic char. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploiting the load capacity of operating transformers is an important measure to ensure the safe operation of the power grid under emergency load conditions. Based on the typical methods for top oil temperature measurement and hot-spot temperature measurement， this paper proposes an optimal measurement of R×K2 and gr for special transformers to exert the original load capacity of the transformer still further. Meanwhile， to improve the cooling capacity of transformers， a series of solutions including installing extra fans， replacing low-speed fans， and frequency conversion of power supply for fans. Thus， the load capacity of the operating transformers is improved. The paper analyzes the transformers’ safety risks during the high-load operating condition， and proposes a new safety management method based on the online monitoring of oil levels and combustible gas， providing technical support for ensuring the high-load operation safety of transformers.

This research delves into the field of fast hydropyrolysis of mixed municipal solid waste (MSW), with the goal of understanding product distribution and interactions in a hydrogen-rich condition. Through experimental investigations on MSW and its components, this study thoroughly examines the impact of pyrolysis temperature and gasification atmosphere (30 % H 2 +30 % CO+20 % CO 2 +20 % H 2 O) on the yields and distribution of the three-phase products. As the temperature increases, the gas yield gradually increases, while the yields of tar and char gradually decrease. The introduction of a hydrogen source increases the methane content in the combustible gas, which generally reaches its maximum at 850 °C, and promotes aromatic formation in tar, making aromatics the main component of pyrolysis oil. Notably, aromatics have the highest-octane number in gasoline. This study highlights gasification as a promising technology for converting organic waste into valuable fuel, advancing waste management and energy recovery. [Display omitted] • MSW pyrolysis was studied under a steam-containing hydrogen-rich syngas atmosphere. • Elevated temperatures promote the release of more volatile substances. • The hydrogen source enhances the yield of CH 4 and aromatic hydrocarbons. • The highest CH 4 yield occurs at a pyrolysis temperature of 850 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering-scale conversion and utilization of Chinese baijiu grains (BG) is imperative for the sustainable development of Chinese Baijiu industry. In this study, we developed a facile catalytic pyrolysis of BG using potassium acetate and investigated the proportions of the solid, liquid, and gaseous products at different temperatures and catalyst loadings. Both parameters affected the product proportions, and the highest combustible gas content (83.3 % of total gaseous products) was observed with 1.0 mol/L potassium acetate at 800 °C. The catalyst also affected the proportion of liquid products. In particular, the bio-oil quality improved and the tar content decreased owing to a decrease in long-chain aliphatic acid and ester contents (<10 % of the total liquid products with 1.0 mol/L potassium acetate at 800 °C) and an increase in hydrocarbon content. In addition, the oxygenated groups in the biochar obtained after pyrolysis were bonded to K via K–O bonds, thus making K@biochar a good controlled-release potassium fertilizer. We believe that our catalytic strategy, which has the abovementioned multiple favorable outcomes, could promote commercial-scale valorization of BG. [Display omitted] • Chinese Baijiu grains was pyrolyzed by the catalysis of potassium acetate. • Pyrolysis product distribution was regulated by potassium acetate and temperature. • Combustible gas production was promoted by using potassium acetate. • Potassium was retained in biochar that could be used a controlled-release fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The annual increase in global organic waste generation emphasises the need to develop a sustainable management platform to address environmental concerns. This study aims to explore sustainable treatments for the conversion of organic waste into energy in pursuit of zero-waste. The organic waste generated from the animal feed industry (referred to as WF) was used for the model compound in this study. 8.5 wt% of lipids were extracted from the WF, which contained unidentified impurities. Acid-catalysed transesterification yielded less than 80 wt% biodiesel might be due to the reversible reaction. In contrast, non-catalytic transesterification resulted in a significantly higher biodiesel yield (95.6 wt%), suggesting that this method was more effective at converting impure lipids into biodiesel compared to acid-catalysed transesterification. These results indicate the potential advantages of the non-catalytic approach, particularly when dealing with impure lipid sources. To minimise the generation of waste in the process, the WF residue produced after lipid extraction was converted into combustible gas (syngas) through pyrolysis. CO 2 was used as a reactive medium in pyrolysis. In one-stage pyrolysis, the gas yield under CO 2 was comparable to that under N 2 , indicating that CO 2 did not react effectively with the volatiles derived from the WF residue. Enhanced CO 2 reactivity was achieved via catalytic pyrolysis using a nickel-impregnated catalyst. Consequently, the combustible gas yield under CO 2 was much higher than that under N 2. This approach might contribute to maximising the efficiency of converting organic waste into renewable energy while simultaneously consuming CO 2 during pyrolysis, thereby enhancing the sustainability of this approach. [Display omitted] • Thermochemical conversion of organic waste (WF) into energy was conducted. • Lipids (8.5 wt% of WF) were converted into biodiesel using thermal energy. • WF residue was converted into combustible gas through pyrolysis. • Catalytic pyrolysis under CO 2 condition increased the combustible gas yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of poor sensitivity and low accuracy of traditional combustible gas explosion hazard identification methods, the discrete probability model was introduced to design a multicomponent combustible gas explosion hazard identification method. Fem3 model is selected to analyze the diffusion mode of multicomponent combustible gas, and the calculation formula of diffusion velocity is obtained. The explosion limit of multicomponent combustible gas was observed by means of test, and the upper limit of explosion concentration of multicomponent combustible gas was obtained. According to the characteristics of explosion, a multicomponent combustible gas explosion hazard identification device is designed. The discrete probability model is used to identify the explosion hazard of multicomponent combustible gas. Experimental results show that the proposed method greatly improves the recognition sensitivity and accuracy, which fully shows that the proposed method has a better detection effect.

Copyright of Zhejiang Electric Power is the property of Zhejiang Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigated the critical ignition conditions of combustible gas containing liquid fuel droplets. The analysis is done based on the criteria of the thermal explosion theory. It includes analytical and numerical solutions of modeling equations of fuel droplets heating and evaporation by convection and radiation from the surrounding reactive hot gas. The exothermic reaction is usually modeled as a single-step reaction obeying an Arrhenius temperature dependence. The thermal conductivity of the fuel droplet is dependent on temperature. The analytical solution produced relations between the main critical characteristic parameters in all planes of the solution. The results obtained from investigating the effect of the characteristic parameters on the explosion behavior of gas and fuel droplets and the thermal radiation proved that both of them are significant. The study proved that the criticality definitions of the thermal explosion of a single-phase system can be used effectively and efficiently to determine the critical conditions of a multi-phase system. Finally, the application of the numerical solutions of the modeling equations was used to analyze the explosion characteristics of a diesel fuel spray system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new technology for the production of organic phosphorus fertilizers from bone waste has been developed. The basis of the technology is the process of oxidative pyrolysis of a mixture of crushed bones and wood chips in the proportion of 50 × 50% by mass. As a result, bone coal is obtained, with a content of the active substance P2O5 of 39-45%, which corresponds to double superphosphate. The simple hardware design of the technology allows it to be used at every meat processing plant. Bible 6, fig. 4, table 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical study of infrared and interferometric methods of gas analysis has been carried out. Circuit implementations of devices have been developed, and an experimental solution of the problem of obtaining approximately the same sensitivity of the combustible gas detector to the gas components of the mixture has also been described. For both considered gas analyzers, the problem of controlling the selectivity of the analysis of gas components in an air mixture with an error of ~10% has been solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the critical ignition conditions of combustible gas containing liquid fuel droplets. The analysis is done based on the criteria of the thermal explosion theory. It includes analytical and numerical solutions of modeling equations of fuel droplets heating and evaporation by convection and radiation from the surrounding reactive hot gas. The exothermic reaction is usually modeled as a single-step reaction obeying an Arrhenius temperature dependence. The thermal conductivity of the fuel droplet is dependent on temperature. The analytical solution produced relations between the main critical characteristic parameters in all planes of the solution. The results obtained from investigating the effect of the characteristic parameters on the explosion behavior of gas and fuel droplets and the thermal radiation proved that both of them are significant. The study proved that the criticality definitions of the thermal explosion of a single-phase system can be used effectively and efficiently to determine the critical conditions of a multi-phase system. Finally, the application of the numerical solutions of the modeling equations was used to analyze the explosion characteristics of a diesel fuel spray system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method is proposed for thermal processing of power-station coal in a reactor with multidirectional blast. Equipment for use in this method is developed. Partial gasification of power-station coal in a process with a reverse blast is studied. On the basis of the results, the operational parameters for a system with multidirectional blast are determined. The processes in different zones of the reactor are compared, along with the properties of the coke obtained and the characteristics of the combustible gas. The temperature profiles of the dense bed over the system height are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel catalyst supported on honeycomb cinder (Ni/HC) was prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method. The catalyst was applied to produce hydrogen-rich combustible gas by catalytic pyrolysis of soybean straw and plastic (PE) mixture. The straw and plastic materials were analyzed by elemental analysis and industrial analysis. The support and catalyst were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm (BET). The analysis showed that NiO was well loaded on the surface of honeycomb coal slag carrier. The effects of Ni loading, pyrolysis temperature, holding time, and calcination temperature on the experimental results were studied. The results showed that the preparation of the catalyst was feasible and that it had a good catalytic effect. When Ni loading was 15 wt.%, catalytic pyrolysis temperature was 700 °C, holding time was 20 min, and calcination temperature of catalyst was 400 °C, H2 concentration increased from 20.6 to 52.8 vol.%, and while H2 yield was 302 mL/g, CH4 concentration decreased from 51.1 to 22.6 Vol.% and CO concentration increased from 10.8 to 17.8 vol.%. After the catalyst was regenerated 6 times, the H2 concentration still reached 40 vol.% and the combustible gas concentration was still above 80 vol.%. The catalyst still had good catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The greenhouse gas emissions of enterprises with outdated technology adversely affect public health and the environment. Purpose. creation of non-waste and energy-efficient technologies for greenhouse gas utilization at oil refineries. Methodology. Ozone was used to further oxidize emissions of fossil fuels. As well as methods of absorption, adsorption of harmful gas emissions, methods of convective heat transfer. Originality. A polyacrylic membrane for capturing gaseous CO2 in flue gases is proposed that is more effective than the existing monoethanolamine / methylethanolamine absorbent. Findings. It has been found that the polyacrylic membrane used to capture CO2 gas in flue gas is superior in efficiency to monoethanolamine / methylethanolamine absorbents. Technologies are proposed for the processing of gases released during the combustion of gas, liquid or gas-liquid fuels, as well as the generation of hotter water for use for technological purposes by convective heat exchange with flue gases. The material balance of the fuel combustion process in the furnace is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the process and mechanism of direct initiation of gas detonation is the basis for preventing serious gas explosion disasters and developing detonation propulsion power devices. This article utilizes a combustible gas combustion and explosion experimental system to achieve direct spherical acetylene/oxygen mixture detonation through a high-energy ignition system. The detonation velocity and flame structure evolution process in direct detonation were studied through schlieren images, and a critical detonation model was established to explain the direct detonation process. The critical detonation wave velocity for direct detonation was determined to be half of the CJ detonation velocity. Revealed the mechanism of detonation cell formation during the direct initiation process. The basic criterion for achieving direct initiation of spherical detonation has been obtained: to achieve direct detonation, when the overdrive detonation wave formed by the detonation source attenuates to half the detonation velocity of CJ, the propagation radius must not be less than a full detonation cell size. This article conducts in-depth research on the direct initiation process of acetylene/oxygen mixture detonation. The results obtained have essential value for developing and applying the detonation theory of acetylene fuel. At the same time, they have important practical significance for preventing gas fire and explosion accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen carrier-aided combustion (OCAC) is an innovative technology that adopts the reactive oxygen carrier (OC) particles as bed materials instead of inert ones, which improves the uniformity of temporal and spatial oxygen distribution in the fluidized bed combustor. However, the existing research of OCAC mainly focuses on high-volatile fuels, less attention has been paid to high-ash and low-volatile fuels (such as coal), which are widely used in the world. In this work, three kinds of solid fuels have been comprehensively evaluated in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor. Results show that compared to quartz sands as bed material, the OC as bed material shows an apparent "oxygen buffering capacity", improving combustion stability and reducing the unburnt gas. The promotion effect of OCAC increases with the increase of volatile content in fuel, which indicates that OCAC mainly improves combustion through the redox reaction between volatile and OC particles. The solid-solid reaction between OC and char was negligible. The OCAC experiment was carried out for more than 20 h and found that due to the abrasion of the OC surface, the generated fly ash has a significantly higher Fe content than that using quartz sand as bed material at the initial stage of the experiment, and the abrasion of OC decreases with the increase of experimental time. Interestingly, during a 20-h continuous operation, the reactivity of ilmenite ore increased gradually, which was attributed to the development of pore structure and Fe diffusion of ilmenite ore. In addition, the content of unburnt carbon in the fly ash is similar regardless of the bed materials. • The effectiveness of OCAC on low-volatile fuel combustion have been evaluated. • Low O 2 concentration and high volatile are more suitable for OCAC technology. • The solid-solid reaction between OC and char was negligible. • The evolution of unburnt gas, fly ash and ilmenite ore have been analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical and practical investigations of the effect of combustible gas parameters on the thermodynamic characteristics of a two-phase jet have been carried out. The influence of the thermal parameters of combustion of alkanes on the quantity of air supplied to cool the metallizer combustion chamber has been studied. The influence of the combustible mixture composition on the properties of steel coatings formed has been estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the promising ways of expanding energy resource base is production of combustible gas from coalbeds. The yield of gaseous components from samples of Visean coals of Tatarstan upon thermal impact was studied in this work by combined thermogravimetric and IR spectrometric method. It is demonstrated that methane begins to appear actively at 384-405°C, depending on the test coal sample. In this process, the yield of methane could be as much as 30 wt. % and higher, which confirms the prospect of getting gaseous fuel from Visean coal deposits by thermal impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, CFX software was used to simulate and quantitatively analyze the leakage of combustible gas in the compressor workshop of long distance pipeline. During the calculation, the medium was set as Central Asian gas and air at normal temperature and atmospheric pressure. The standard κ-ε turbulence model was adopted to calculate the leakage of combustible gas at leakage point. The results showed that the combustible gas was “inverted 7” type distribution on the top of the workshop. The area of the combustible gas with maximum concentration was located near roof when the leak point zone was excluded. This study provided a quantitative reference for combustible gas detector arrangement in the compressor workshop. Besides, the simulation demonstrated the possible accumulation points of combustible gas in the plant, and suggested the installation of ventilation point to eliminate the risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Fuzhou University is the property of Journal of Fuzhou University, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, using the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equation and the turbulence modelling with the correction of buoyancy effects, we get the diffusion characteristics of different positions after the leakage and analyze the results under the influence of wind speed and the component transport model, which base on numerical calculation of flammable gas’s leakage and diffusion at different positions indoor. The results show that different hazardous areas are formed after the gas leaked out and diffused at different locations. The higher position indoor, the smaller explosive areas are formed without wind influence outside when leaking hole and exit are in opposite side; meanwhile the closer the leakage hole located in exit downwind side, the higher wind speed and the faster the gas diffused, the less hazardous area are formed. This paper plays an important role in interior design of gas piping systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equation and the turbulence model equation which modified by buoyancy and the species transport equation are used to numerically calculate leakage and diffusion of combustible gas under the influence of obstacle in limited space in order to obtain the influence of obstacle on leakage and diffusion and furthermore get the concentration distribution of different positions of leakage holes. The results show that the obstacle can block diffusion of combustible gas and different positions have different concentration flied. When the leakage hole is at opposite side with outlet, the higher the position of leakage hole, the bigger the burst area. The bigger the height of obstacle, the bigger the burst area of finite space. The simulation results are contribute to safety design of indoor gas pipelines and can supply reference for preventing explosion accidents of indoor combustible gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two pyrolysis furnace reactors were used, and pyrolysis tar was cracked by different types of pyrolysis coke and Mn-supported pyrolysis coke catalysts. The effect of pyrolysis coke prepared at different temperatures on the catalytic cracking of coal tar was studied. The optimum pyrolysis coke was used as the carrier, and the catalyst was prepared by low-temperature plasma. The effect of the catalyst on the catalytic cracking of tar was discussed. The composition of the pyrolysis gas was analyzed by gas chromatography, and the catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, and SEM. The results showed that: 1) pyrolysis coke prepared at different temperatures could reduce tar yield and increase gas content, and the catalytic cracking effect of pyrolysis coke prepared at 500°C was obvious; 2) the catalyst prepared by plasma modification and roasting had the best effect on tar cracking, and hydrogen production increased by 1.07 times. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

[Display omitted] • Activated carbon are prepared without any added activators and auxiliary gases. • The activated carbon exhibits excellent arsenic adsorption property. • The mechanism of self-activation is explored and direct evidence is provided. • The gaseous product of self-activation has a high higher heating value. A green method for production of activated carbon and combustible gas was introduced. Without any external reagents and gases, the H 2 O and CO 2 produced by the pyrolysis of bamboo shoot shells were used as activators. The prepared activated carbon had good arsenic adsorption properties with the maximum adsorption capacities of 10.9 mg/g for As(III) and 16.0 mg/g for As(V). The gaseous products were mostly CO and H 2 , with higher heating value of 11.7 MJ/Nm3. Thermogravimetric experiments were performed in N 2 , H 2 O and CO 2 atmospheres to simulate the self-activation process and investigate the self-activation mechanism. This work will help to improve the competitiveness of self-activation technology and reduce the production cost of activated carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-surface-area, highly crystalline boron nitride aerogel synthesized with nonhazardous reactants has been loaded with crystalline platinum nanoparticles to form a novel nanomaterial that exhibits many advantages for use in a catalytic gas sensing application. The platinum nanoparticle-loaded boron nitride aerogel integrated onto a microheater platform allows for calorimetric propane detection. The boron nitride aerogel exhibits thermal stability up to 900 °C and supports disperse platinum nanoparticles, with no sintering observed after 24 h of high-temperature testing. The high thermal conductivity and low density of the boron nitride aerogel result in an order of magnitude faster response and recovery times (<2 s) than reported on alumina support and allow for 10% duty cycling of the microheater with no loss in sensitivity. The resulting 1.5 mW sensor power consumption is two orders of magnitude less than commercially available catalytic gas sensors and unlocks the potential for wireless, battery-powered catalytic gas sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]