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3. Interplay between oncolytic measles virus, macrophages and cancer cells induces a proinflammatory tumor microenvironment.

Author

Chatelain, Camille, Berland, Laurine, Grard, Marion, Jouand, Nicolas, Fresquet, Judith, Nader, Joëlle, Hirigoyen, Ugo, Petithomme, Tacien, Combredet, Chantal, Pons-Tostivint, Elvire, Fradin, Delphine, Treps, Lucas, Blanquart, Christophe, Boisgerault, Nicolas, Tangy, Frédéric, and Fonteneau, Jean-François

Subjects
TYPE I interferons, MYELOID cells, TRANSGENE expression, MEASLES virus, VIRAL proteins
Abstract

Attenuated measles virus (MV) exerts its oncolytic activity in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells that lack type-I interferon (IFN-I) production or responsiveness. However, other cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as myeloid cells, possess functional antiviral pathways. In this study, we aimed to characterize the interplay between MV and the myeloid cells in human MPM. We cocultured MPM cell lines with monocytes or macrophages and infected them with MV. We analyzed the transcriptome of each cell type and studied their secretion and phenotypes by high-dimensional flow cytometry. We also measured transgene expression using an MV encoding GFP (MV-GFP). We show that MPM cells drive the differentiation of monocytes into M2-like macrophages. These macrophages inhibit GFP expression in tumor cells harboring a defect in IFN-I production and a functional signaling downstream of the IFN-I receptor, while having minimal effects on GFP expression in tumor cells with defect of responsiveness to IFN-I. Interestingly, inhibition of the IFN-I signaling by ruxolitinib restores GFP expression in tumor cells. Upon MV infection, cocultured macrophages express antiviral pro-inflammatory genes and induce the expression of IFN-stimulated genes in tumor cells. MV also increases the expression of HLA and costimulatory molecules on macrophages and their phagocytic activity. Finally, MV induces the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, especially IFN-I, and PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and macrophages. These results show that macrophages reduce viral proteins expression in some MPM cell lines through their IFN-I production and generate a pro-inflammatory interplay that may stimulate the patient's anti-tumor immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. A live measles-vectored COVID-19 vaccine induces strong immunity and protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in mice and hamsters

Author

Frantz, Phanramphoei N., Barinov, Aleksandr, Ruffié, Claude, Combredet, Chantal, Najburg, Valérie, de Melo, Guilherme Dias, Larrous, Florence, Kergoat, Lauriane, Teeravechyan, Samaporn, Jongkaewwattana, Anan, Billon-Denis, Emmanuelle, Tournier, Jean-Nicolas, Prot, Matthieu, Levillayer, Laurine, Conquet, Laurine, Montagutelli, Xavier, Tichit, Magali, Hardy, David, Fernandes, Priyanka, Strick-Marchand, Hélène, Di Santo, James, Simon-Lorière, Etienne, Bourhy, Hervé, and Tangy, Frédéric

Published
2021
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16. Antagonism of ALAS1 by the Measles Virus V protein contributes to degradation of the mitochondrial network and promotes interferon response

Author

Khalfi, Pierre, primary, Suspène, Rodolphe, additional, Raymond, Kyle A., additional, Caval, Vincent, additional, Caignard, Grégory, additional, Berry, Noémie, additional, Thiers, Valérie, additional, Combredet, Chantal, additional, Rufie, Claude, additional, Rigaud, Stéphane, additional, Ghozlane, Amine, additional, Volant, Stevenn, additional, Komarova, Anastassia V., additional, Tangy, Frédéric, additional, and Vartanian, Jean-Pierre, additional

Published
2023
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26. A recombinant measles virus vaccine strongly reduces SHIV viremia and virus reservoir establishment in macaques

Author

Nzounza, Patrycja, primary, Martin, Grégoire, additional, Dereuddre-Bosquet, Nathalie, additional, Najburg, Valérie, additional, Gosse, Leslie, additional, Ruffié, Claude, additional, Combredet, Chantal, additional, Petitdemange, Caroline, additional, Souquère, Sylvie, additional, Schlecht-Louf, Géraldine, additional, Moog, Christiane, additional, Pierron, Gérard, additional, Le Grand, Roger, additional, Heidmann, Thierry, additional, and Tangy, Frédéric, additional

Published
2021
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27. Proteomic Analysis Uncovers Measles Virus Protein C Interaction With p65-iASPP Protein Complex

Author

Meignié, Alice, Combredet, Chantal, Santolini, Marc, Kovács, István, Douché, Thibaut, Gianetto, Quentin Giai, Eun, Hyeju, Matondo, Mariette, Jacob, Yves, Grailhe, Regis, Tangy, Frédéric, Komarova, Anastassia, Génomique virale et vaccination, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire / Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity [Paris, France] (CRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Northeastern University [Boston], Northwestern University [Evanston], Central European University [Budapest, Hongrie] (CEU), Plateforme de Protéomique / Proteomics platform, Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie – Mass Spectrometry for Biology (UTechS MSBio), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur Korea - Institut Pasteur de Corée, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), This work was supported by ANR 16 CE18 0016 01 Tangy ONCOMEVAX, the Institut Pasteur, and CNRS., We thank Dr Kaoru Takeuchi and Dr Chantal Rabourdin-Combe for anti-C rAb polyclonal antibody and anti-N monoclonal antibody, respectively. We thank Dr.Hervé Bourhy from Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Laboratory of Institut Pasteur for providing us pYFP-p65 plasmid that contains EYFP reporter gene fused to p65. We thank all members of the Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses for their critical discussion, Dr Atousa Arbabian for technical support with experiments, Dr Dmitry Trubetskoy for the help with data representation, and Dr Aleksandr Barinov and Dr Caroline Demeret for critical reading., ANR-16-CE18-0016,OncoMeVax,Un virus de la rougeole modifié pour traiter le cancer(2016), Matondo, Mariette, Un virus de la rougeole modifié pour traiter le cancer - - OncoMeVax2016 - ANR-16-CE18-0016 - AAPG2016 - VALID, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Proteomics, RIG-I, retinoic acid–inducible gene-I, FDR, false discovery rate, NF-kB, nuclear factor-kappa B, PPI, protein–protein interaction, virus-host protein-protein interactions, virulence factors, SOD1, superoxide dismutase 1, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Virus Replication, Cell Line, PKR, protein kinase R, Chlorocebus aethiops, BRET, bioluminescence resonance energy Transfer, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Animals, Humans, AGC, automatic Gain Control, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, IFN, interferon, LCC, largest connected component, Protein Interaction Maps, NLR, normalized luminescence ratio, innate immunity, MOI, multiplicity of infection, FA, formic acid, DCA, dichloroacetic acid, Cell Death, Research, Y2H, yeast two-hybrid, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Transcription Factor RelA, ACN, acetonitrile, MV, measles virus, Repressor Proteins, ATU, additional transcription unit, Measles virus, Host-Pathogen Interactions, DI, defective interfering, PCA, protein complementation assay, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Nluc, nanoluciferase, Measles
Abstract

Viruses manipulate the central machineries of host cells to their advantage. They prevent host cell antiviral responses to create a favorable environment for their survival and propagation. Measles virus (MV) encodes two nonstructural proteins MV-V and MV-C known to counteract the host interferon response and to regulate cell death pathways. Several molecular mechanisms underlining MV-V regulation of innate immunity and cell death pathways have been proposed, whereas MV-C host-interacting proteins are less studied. We suggest that some cellular factors that are controlled by MV-C protein during viral replication could be components of innate immunity and the cell death pathways. To determine which host factors are targeted by MV-C, we captured both direct and indirect host-interacting proteins of MV-C protein. For this, we used a strategy based on recombinant viruses expressing tagged viral proteins followed by affinity purification and a bottom-up mass spectrometry analysis. From the list of host proteins specifically interacting with MV-C protein in different cell lines, we selected the host targets that belong to immunity and cell death pathways for further validation. Direct protein interaction partners of MV-C were determined by applying protein complementation assay and the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer approach. As a result, we found that MV-C protein specifically interacts with p65–iASPP protein complex that controls both cell death and innate immunity pathways and evaluated the significance of these host factors on virus replication., Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Measles virus controls immune response and cell death pathways to achieve replication. • Host proteins interaction network with measles virulence factor C protein. • Cellular p65–iASPP complex is targeted by measles virus C protein., In Brief Control of measles virus infection and measles-based oncolytic therapy are possible, thanks to the existence of a safe and efficient live attenuated vaccine. Molecular mechanisms that make this vaccine to be so efficient are yet to be determined. We show that the measles C protein is responsible for the establishment of complex networks of interactions with the host cell. We suggest that the C protein binding to the p65–iASPP protein complex controls the host cell death and innate immunity pathways.

Published
2020
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28. A measles-vectored COVID-19 vaccine induces long-term immunity and protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in mice

Author

Frantz, Phanramphoei N., primary, Barinov, Aleksandr, additional, Ruffié, Claude, additional, Combredet, Chantal, additional, Najburg, Valérie, additional, Teeravechyan, Samaporn, additional, Jongkaewwattana, Anan, additional, Prot, Matthieu, additional, Conquet, Laurine, additional, Montagutelli, Xavier, additional, Fernandes, Priyanka, additional, Strick-Marchand, Hélène, additional, Di Santo, James, additional, Simon-Lorière, Etienne, additional, Gerke, Christiane, additional, and Tangy, Frédéric, additional

Published
2021
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29. Proteomic Analysis Uncovers Measles Virus Protein C Interaction with p65/iASPP/p53 Protein Complex

Author

Meignié, Alice, primary, Combredet, Chantal, additional, Santolini, Marc, additional, Kovács, István A., additional, Douché, Thibaut, additional, Gianetto, Quentin Giai, additional, Eun, Hyeju, additional, Matondo, Mariette, additional, Jacob, Yves, additional, Grailhe, Regis, additional, Tangy, Frédéric, additional, and Komarova, Anastassia V., additional

Published
2020
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30. Yeast lysates carrying the nucleoprotein from measles virus vaccine as a novel subunit vaccine platform to deliver Plasmodium circumsporozoite antigen

Author

Jacob, Daria, Ruffie, Claude, Combredet, Chantal, Formaglio, Pauline, Amino, Rogerio, Ménard, Robert, Tangy, Frédéric, and Sala, Monica

Subjects
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Plasmodium berghei, Yeast lysate, lcsh:RC955-962, Research, Protozoan Proteins, CS antigen, Nucleocapsid Proteins, Subunit vaccine, Malaria vaccine, Pichia, Malaria, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Mice, Viral Proteins, Nucleoproteins, Pichia pastoris, Measles virus, Malaria Vaccines, Vaccines, Subunit, Animals, Female, lcsh:RC109-216, Nucleoprotein
Abstract

Background Yeast cells represent an established bioreactor to produce recombinant proteins for subunit vaccine development. In addition, delivery of vaccine antigens directly within heat-inactivated yeast cells is attractive due to the adjuvancy provided by the yeast cell. In this study, Pichia pastoris yeast lysates carrying the nucleoprotein (N) from the measles vaccine virus were evaluated as a novel subunit vaccine platform to deliver the circumsporozoite surface antigen (CS) of Plasmodium. When expressed in Pichia pastoris yeast, the N protein auto-assembles into highly multimeric ribonucleoparticles (RNPs). The CS antigen from Plasmodium berghei (PbCS) was expressed in Pichia pastoris yeast in fusion with N, generating recombinant PbCS-carrying RNPs in the cytoplasm of yeast cells. Results When evaluated in mice after 3–5 weekly subcutaneous injections, yeast lysates containing N-PbCS RNPs elicited strong anti-PbCS humoral responses, which were PbCS-dose dependent and reached a plateau by the pre-challenge time point. Protective efficacy of yeast lysates was dose-dependent, although anti-PbCS antibody titers were not predictive of protection. Multimerization of PbCS on RNPs was essential for providing benefit against infection, as immunization with monomeric PbCS delivered in yeast lysates was not protective. Three weekly injections with N-PbCS yeast lysates in combination with alum adjuvant produced sterile protection in two out of six mice, and significantly reduced parasitaemia in the other individuals from the same group. This parasitaemia decrease was of the same extent as in mice immunized with non-adjuvanted N-PbCS yeast lysates, providing evidence that the yeast lysate formulation did not require accessory adjuvants for eliciting efficient parasitaemia reduction. Conclusions This study demonstrates that yeast lysates are an attractive auto-adjuvant and efficient platform for delivering multimeric PbCS on measles N-based RNPs. By combining yeast lysates that carry RNPs with a large panel of Plasmodium antigens, this technology could be applied to developing a multivalent vaccine against malaria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1908-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2017
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32. A chimeric human T cell leukemia virus type I bearing a [DELTA]R Moloney-murine leukemia virus envelope infects mice persistently and induces humoral and cellular immune responses

Author

Delebecque, Frederic, Combredet, Chantal, Gabet, Anne-Sophie, Wattel, Eric, Brahic, Michel, and Tangy, Frederic

Subjects
Communicable diseases -- Risk factors, Communicable diseases -- Diagnosis, Communicable diseases -- Research, HTLV-I (Virus) -- Risk factors, HTLV-I (Virus) -- Diagnosis, HTLV-I (Virus) -- Research, Health
Published
2005

33. LGP2 binds to PACT to regulate RIG-I– and MDA5-mediated antiviral responses

Author

Sanchez David, Raul Y., primary, Combredet, Chantal, additional, Najburg, Valérie, additional, Millot, Gael A., additional, Beauclair, Guillaume, additional, Schwikowski, Benno, additional, Léger, Thibaut, additional, Camadro, Jean-Michel, additional, Jacob, Yves, additional, Bellalou, Jacques, additional, Jouvenet, Nolwenn, additional, Tangy, Frédéric, additional, and Komarova, Anastassia V., additional

Published
2019
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35. MOESM6 of Yeast lysates carrying the nucleoprotein from measles virus vaccine as a novel subunit vaccine platform to deliver Plasmodium circumsporozoite antigen

Author

Jacob, Daria, Ruffie, Claude, Combredet, Chantal, Formaglio, Pauline, Amino, Rogerio, Ménard, Robert, Tangy, Frédéric, and Sala, Monica

Abstract

Additional file 6: Figure S6. Isotyping of humoral IgG responses at day 42 in mice immunized with 30 YU N-PbCS yeast lysates. L-non-adjuvanted lysate formulation administered 5 times weekly, AL-alum-adjuvanted lysate formulation administered 3 times bi-weekly. Bars correspond to median values per group.

Published
2017
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36. Oncolytic measles virus induces tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated cytotoxicity by human myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Author

Achard, Carole, Guillerme, Jean-Baptiste, Bruni, Daniela, Boisgerault, Nicolas, Combredet, Chantal, Tangy, Frédéric, Jouvenet, Nolwenn, Grégoire, Marc, Fonteneau, Jean-François, Bernardo, Elizabeth, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Génomique virale et vaccination, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by 'La Ligue Régionale Grand Ouest contre le Cancer' (CSIRGO: CD16, CD22, CD44, CD49, CD72, CD79 and CD85), 'La Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, l'association ARSMESO44, 'La Fondation du Souffle et le Fonds de Dotation Recherche en Santé Respiratoire, 'La fondation ARC, 'la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), 'Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR-12-JSV3–003–01) and Ville de Paris EMERGENCES Program., and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Measles virus, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, myeloid dendritic cells, type I interferon, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, hemic and immune systems, TRAIL, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Original Research, oncolytic virus
Abstract

International audience; Attenuated measles virus (MV) is currently being evaluated in clinical trials as an oncolytic therapeutic agent. Originally used for its lytic activity against tumor cells, it is now admitted that the effectiveness of MV also lies in its ability to initiate antitumor immune responses through the activation of dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we investigated the capacity of oncolytic MV to convert human blood myeloid CD1cC DCs and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) into cytotoxic effectors. We found that MV induces the expression of the cytotoxic protein TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on the surface of DCs. We demonstrate that the secretion of interferon-a (IFN-a) by DCs in response to MV is responsible for this TRAIL expression. Several types of PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) have been implicated in MV genome recognition, including RLRs (RIG-I-like receptors) and TLRs (Toll-like receptors). We showed that CD1cC DCs secrete modest amounts of IFN-a and express TRAIL in an RLR-dependent manner upon exposure to MV. In pDCs, MV is recognized by RLRs and also by TLR7, leading to the secretion of high amounts of IFN-a and TRAIL expression. Finally, we showed that MV-stimulated DCs induce TRAILmediated cell death of Jurkat cells, confirming their acquisition of cytotoxic functions. Our results demonstrate that MV can activate cytotoxic myeloid CD1cC DCs and pDCs, which may participate to the antitumor immune response.

Published
2016
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38. Modulation of the Type I Interferon Response Defines the Sensitivity of Human Melanoma Cells to Oncolytic Measles Virus

Author

Allagui, Ferdaous, primary, Achard, Carole, additional, Panterne, Clarisse, additional, Combredet, Chantal, additional, Labarrière, Nathalie, additional, Dréno, Brigitte, additional, Elgaaied, Amel, additional, Pouliquen, Daniel, additional, Tangy, Frédéric, additional, Fonteneau, Jean-François, additional, Grégoire, Marc, additional, and Boisgerault, Nicolas, additional

Published
2017
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39. Comparative analysis of viral RNA signatures on different RIG-I-like receptors

Author

Sanchez David, Raul Y, primary, Combredet, Chantal, additional, Sismeiro, Odile, additional, Dillies, Marie-Agnès, additional, Jagla, Bernd, additional, Coppée, Jean-Yves, additional, Mura, Marie, additional, Guerbois Galla, Mathilde, additional, Despres, Philippe, additional, Tangy, Frédéric, additional, and Komarova, Anastassia V, additional

Published
2016
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40. Author response: Comparative analysis of viral RNA signatures on different RIG-I-like receptors

Author

Sanchez David, Raul Y, primary, Combredet, Chantal, additional, Sismeiro, Odile, additional, Dillies, Marie-Agnès, additional, Jagla, Bernd, additional, Coppée, Jean-Yves, additional, Mura, Marie, additional, Guerbois Galla, Mathilde, additional, Despres, Philippe, additional, Tangy, Frédéric, additional, and Komarova, Anastassia V, additional

Published
2016
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41. Sensitivity of human pleural mesothelioma to oncolytic measles virus depends on defects of the type I interferon response

Author

Achard, Carole, primary, Boisgerault, Nicolas, additional, Delaunay, Tiphaine, additional, Roulois, David, additional, Nedellec, Steven, additional, Royer, Pierre-Joseph, additional, Pain, Mallory, additional, Combredet, Chantal, additional, Mesel-Lemoine, Mariana, additional, Cellerin, Laurent, additional, Magnan, Antoine, additional, Tangy, Frédéric, additional, Grégoire, Marc, additional, and Fonteneau, Jean-François, additional

Published
2015
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42. Whole Pichia pastoris Yeast Expressing Measles Virus Nucleoprotein as a Production and Delivery System to Multimerize Plasmodium Antigens

Author

Jacob, Daria, primary, Ruffie, Claude, additional, Dubois, Myriam, additional, Combredet, Chantal, additional, Amino, Rogerio, additional, Formaglio, Pauline, additional, Gorgette, Olivier, additional, Pehau-Arnaudet, Gérard, additional, Guery, Charline, additional, Puijalon, Odile, additional, Barale, Jean-Christophe, additional, Ménard, Robert, additional, Tangy, Frédéric, additional, and Sala, Monica, additional

Published
2014
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43. Identification of RNA partners of viral proteins in infected cells

Author

Komarova, Anastassia V., primary, Combredet, Chantal, additional, Sismeiro, Odile, additional, Dillies, Marie-Agnès, additional, Jagla, Bernd, additional, Sanchez David, Raul Yusef, additional, Vabret, Nicolas, additional, Coppée, Jean-Yves, additional, Vidalain, Pierre-Olivier, additional, and Tangy, Frédéric, additional

Published
2013
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46. Pediatric Measles Vaccine Expressing a Dengue Antigen Induces Durable Serotype-specific Neutralizing Antibodies to Dengue Virus

Author

Brandler, Samantha, primary, Lucas-Hourani, Marianne, additional, Moris, Arnaud, additional, Frenkiel, Marie-Pascale, additional, Combredet, Chantal, additional, Février, Michèle, additional, Bedouelle, Hugues, additional, Schwartz, Olivier, additional, Desprès, Philippe, additional, and Tangy, Frédéric, additional

Published
2007
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48. A Single Injection of Recombinant Measles Virus Vaccines Expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Clade B Envelope Glycoproteins Induces Neutralizing Antibodies and Cellular Immune Responses to HIV

Author

Lorin, Clarisse, primary, Mollet, Lucile, additional, Delebecque, Frédéric, additional, Combredet, Chantal, additional, Hurtrel, Bruno, additional, Charneau, Pierre, additional, Brahic, Michel, additional, and Tangy, Frédéric, additional

Published
2004
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50. Modulation of the Type I Interferon Response Defines the Sensitivity of Human Melanoma Cells to Oncolytic Measles Virus

Author

Allagui, Ferdaous, Achard, Carole, Panterne, Clarisse, Combredet, Chantal, Labarrière, Nathalie, Dréno, Brigitte, Benammar Elgaaied, Amel, Pouliquen, Daniel, Tangy, Frédéric, Fonteneau, Jean-François, Grégoire, Marc, and Boisgerault, Nicolas

Abstract

Background: Oncolytic viruses such as live-attenuated, vaccine strains of measles virus (MV) have recently emerged as promising cancer treatments, having shown significant antitumor activity against a large variety of human tumors. Objective: Our study aims at determining which parameters define the sensitivity of human melanoma cells to oncolytic MV infection. Methods: We analyzed both in vitro and in vivo the oncolytic activity of MV against a panel of human melanoma cell established in our laboratory. We tested whether either type I interferons or the interferon pathway inhibitor Ruxolitinib could modulate the sensitivity of these cells to oncolytic MV infection. Results: Human melanoma cells exhibit varying levels of sensitivity to MV infection in culture and as tumor xenografts. As these differences are not explained by their expression level of the CD46 receptor, we hypothesized that antiviral immune responses may be suppressed in certain cell resulting in their inability to control infection efficiently. By analyzing the type I IFN response, we found that resistant cells had a fully functional pathway that was activated upon MV infection. On the contrary, sensitive cell showed defects in this pathway. When pre-treated with IFN-α and IFN-β, all but one of the sensitive cell became resistant to MV. Cells resistant to MV were rendered sensitive to MV with Ruxolitinib. Conclusion: Type I interferon response is the main determinant for the sensitivity or resistance of melanoma to oncolytic MV infection. This will have to be taken into account for future clinical trials on oncolytic MV.

Published
2016

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