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The paper explores novel connections between human and technology-driven innovation in a French agritech cluster. It focuses on the whole system innovation and addresses specifically the impact of digitalisation related to precision agriculture deployment. The cluster under investigation has been settled by the Beauvaisis municipalities’ agglomeration. It comprises interactions between local authorities, firms and knowledge institutions. The analysis covers various perspectives of the stakeholders’ interactions and the role of intermediary actors and introduces the concept of the floating prescriber. The early results and the following analyses will contribute to highlighting the way an ecosystem (a cluster) is developed around the issue of digital technologies and sustainable agriculture.

Innovation has multiple targets – products, production processes, marketing, stakeholders’ organizations, etc. – whose nature depends upon the socio-technical framework that orients the match between inventions and market. Amid the wealth of options to facilitate innovation, fablabs are a specific example of the digitalisation era. Originally, a fablab is “the educational outreach component of MIT’s Center for Bits and Atoms” whose identity is defined by a charter that connects local labs to the global network. Fablabs’ goal is to provide a stimulus for local entrepreneurship as well as for learning and innovation by providing access to tools for digital fabrication. This paper aims at understanding the role of fablabs and other third places in the specific context of farming technology innovation. To this end, we propose a genetic-like analysis (i.e. genotype x environment x management practices), by addressing the historical identity and traits of FTI actors, the description of the main characteristics and dynamics of the place where they are based and the innovation governance put in practice to enhance their interactions. The approach was applied at two levels: first, the main actors of the farming technology innovation in Europe, ending with a bibliometric analysis of the available literature about fablabs, makerspaces and living labs, with a focus on agriculture. Then, a case study from northern France to describe the making of AgriLab, a fablab dedicated to open innovation towards sustainable agriculture, spanning from equipment to digital tools. AgriLab is based in Beauvais (Hauts-de-France region), together with several other local and international actors of farming technology innovation. In conclusion, we question the role of third places and AgriLab as catalysts for the emergence of relevant farming technology innovations considering the influence from the local and wider context., Congress initially scheduled on 2020 and delayed due to the Covid-19 pandemic

Lasallian Pedagogy (LP) sprouted from the initiative of John Baptist de La Salle. Dated back to the Eighteen century, he founded a community of teachers consecrated to the education of children of artisans and the poor. With time, this became a worldwide network ran by the Brothers of the Christian schools and ministering from kindergarten to university level. Crucial for LP is the inclusive education whose key goals are: i) to professionalize students according to relevant contextual business activities, and ii) to join commitment and skills both of teachers and students in a unique community for the good running of each school. A teacher is therefore considered a mentor supporting the student's own training process rather than a "knowledge bearer". Thus, LP is natively meant as collaborative learning, with strong interactions between the students, their associations and the whole teaching community (teachers and other employees). In this paper, we analyze how LP might enable collaborative learning within the agricultural knowledge and innovation system. We focus on a farming demo recurrent event organized by a students' association belonging to the oldest high education institute of the lasallian network. The event is named "Unitech Days" and take place yearly at UniLaSalle (campus of Beauvais, northern France). Its goal is to promote exchanges of knowledge between farmers, students, teachers, and professionals in the farming sector through demonstration of innovations. We identify two levels of collaborative learning. First, the lasallian one, via the involvement of the teaching community in the co-organization of the Unitech Days by the student association (Festival de la Terre et de l'Elevage) that promotes it. This level implies multiple interactions that stimulate mutual learning and listening and create a peer-to-peer relation between two stakeholders, students and teaching community. Second, the on-farm demonstration, aimed at enhancing peer-to-peer learning in a real agricultural learning situation. These demonstrations showcase farmers' and students' technological innovations, as well as agronomic innovative projects carried by teachers, in which students are involved during their education. Altogether, students' commitment to the organization of on-farm, Congress initially scheduled on 2020 and delayed due to the Covid-19 pandemic

International audience; Precision agriculture technologies (PAT) are very diversified. The proliferation of precision agriculture products and services, as well as of their providers can confuse farmers. In addition, the lack of agronomic references for these technologies is slowing their adoption. The organization and development of the distribution network can help the providers of PAT to support farmers and other end customers. This study describes how PAT are being addressed by ordinary dealers of agricultural machinery and equipment. We aimed at identifying the main trends in the distribution of PAT among dealers, as well as the obstacles and the expected added value of these technologies for their business. We focused on metropolitan France as the first European country for agricultural production and highly committed to the development of agtech. A series of semi-direct interviews was realized on a sample covering the main tractor manufacturers on the national territory, the involvement of the dealer manager in the national trade union (i.e., SEDIMA) and already offering PAT. The interview consisted of four parts: (i) current offer by the dealership and level of PAT use/equipment by customers; (ii) 5-years strategy of the dealership about these technologies; (iii) changes in personnel (recruitment, training, etc.) and organization related to these new products/services; (iv) identification of expected added value and obstacles. The notes taken during the phone interviews were coded into themes and topics to ensure harmonization and comparability, then analyzed to provide summary statistics, and to identify main trends and recommendations about the distribution of PAT.

Education and training are identified as key elements to support the transition towards sustainable farming practices in France. Furthermore, the agricultural machinery sector is called to leverage this transition through closer consideration of the farmers’ needs. Hence, educational programs are expected to bridge the gap between agriculture and machinery design and innovation. In this paper, we will discuss the environmental conditions and context that led a group of students in agronomy at mastering robotics and how this could help improve educational programs on agricultural equipment. The context was a competition organized by a French applied agricultural research organization that challenged students to build a robot for the mechanical weeding of sugar beet. We present here the work of a group of master students composed of farmers’ sons, with a solid background in farming. The competition occurred in the second semester of their mastery of agricultural equipment and new technologies. Of note, during the first semester the students were involved in: (1) a project to define the specifications of an innovative tractor with students from an engineering school in mechanics, thus experiencing the interdisciplinary dialogue; (2) the design and production of a database of the agricultural robots available in France. The database led the students to define what a robot is, then to collect and organize technical information about robots already on the market or existing as prototypes. This provided them with an implicit catalogue of possible robotic solutions in agriculture. Nevertheless, the students considered themselves as complete outsiders for the robot competition because they received no specific training on robotics. Accordingly, they decided to follow strictly the competition specifications. The teachers adopted a design thinking approach, supporting the students only if needed, rather than promoting the students’ appropriation of the subject. The characterizing feature of the robot was the autonomous steering system: a torsion sensor mounted on a rubber strip. This simple and robust solution exploited the agronomic characteristics of the sugar beet that is sown on straight lines and is not damaged by physical contact. The farming experience of the students allowed them to choose the simplest sensor, which used the plants as physical boundaries of the robot navigation corridor. Furthermore, this choice was suited for working in field conditions and was easily understandable by the users. We will further discuss which environmental and educational conditions issued from this experience could help agricultural students at mastering new technologies and machinery innovation. FULLTEXT http://ifsa.boku.ac.at/cms/fileadmin/Proceeding2018/1_Rizzo.pdf

Chacun commence à sentir confusément que notre époque est une situation qui met l’humanité devant des défis nouveaux qui sont souvent présentés comme insurmontables : des besoins alimentaires encore fortement croissant pour au moins 30 à 40 ans ; des surfaces disponibles qui ne croîtrent plus ; des exigences croissantes de protection de l’environnement ; la fin des ressources d’énergie de stocks ; le changement climatique provoqué par les populations et les développements humains ; une mutation socio-épistémo-technique qui transforme la relation des humains à leur environnement. L’agriculture a dans ce contexte un rôle fondamental car elle est : i) la base incontournable de la vie humaine ; ii) dès son origine, le fondement des civilisations et de l’émergence des vies citadines ; iii) critiquée pour ses effets sur l’environnement et en même temps reconnue comme fondement des territoires ; iv) un élément de réponse important, et dans certains cas premier, des défis décrits ci-dessus. Les agro-équipements de manière générale, et toutes les nouvelles technologies qui sont en train de provoquer la troisième révolution industrielle, seront aussi à la base de la nouvelle révolution agricole qui se dessine. La formation des acteurs agricoles à des technologies qui nécessitent souvent de réelles ruptures dans les pratiques et gestes professionnels constitue ainsi un élément déterminant pour que le potentiel des innovations se réalise pleinement. A ce propos, l’Union Européenne identifie l’agriculture de précision parmi les 10 technologies qui pourraient changer nos vies, tout en reconnaissant que leur déploiement nécessite un haut niveau de formation des agriculteurs à assurer par des programmes dédiés. Une plus large implication des agriculteurs dans la démarche de l’innovation, à soutenir avec un accompagnement en adéquation à leurs besoins et aux conditions d’usages des agroéquipements, sont aussi objet des attentes et des priorités identifiées par un collectif d’associations agricoles 3 et l’un des leviers identifiés pour la transition agroécologique. Enfin, les agroéquipementiers recommandent également de renforcer les compétences et les moyens du secteur, notamment de rapprocher la formation des besoins. C’est donc un enjeu fondamental pour l’enseignement supérieur et pour la recherche d’accompagner les acteurs des filières (agriculteurs, ingénieurs, techniciens, conseillers, …) dans l’appropriation de ces changements et dans le développement des attitudes et compétences propices à l’innovation. La formation émerge ainsi clairement comme le carrefour entre les initiatives des différents acteurs du secteur des agroéquipements. Cependant, on constate l’éloignement géographique entre les centres de formation et les industries, à l’exception de l’Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, stratégiquement situé à proximité de lieux à forte intensité industrielle. C’est dans ce sens que la Chaire Agro-Machinisme et Nouvelles Technologies a été créée au sein d’UniLaSalle : pour accompagner, soutenir, et provoquer des recherches dans tous les domaines agro-techniques qui permettront de répondre aux défis de l’agriculture actuelle et du futur. De plus la chaire se doit de promouvoir la formation d’ingénieurs ouverts aux agroéquipements, en comprenant les enjeux et capables d’accompagner des développements répondant aux besoins.

International audience

International audience; L’innovation en agriculture nécessite un renouvellement des synergies entre culture mécanique et agronomique (cf. rapport Bournigal 2014). Une telle innovation se développe souvent sur le terrain par le biais de projets concrets. Pour cette raison l’approche projet est au cœur du parcours d’approfondissement en agroéquipements et nouvelles technologies d’UniLaSalle, établissement d’enseignement supérieur et de recherche organisé sur les sites de Beauvais (Hauts-de-France) et Rouen (Normandie). L’approche « projet » proposé dans ce cadre se caractérise par l’apprentissage par la pratique sur un sujet inconnu aux étudiants et transversal aux enseignements. Des enseignants- chercheurs accompagnent les projets afin de capitaliser les connaissances mobilisées pars les participants : élèves ingénieurs, très souvent directement issus du secteur agricole (fils d’agriculteurs) et, à terme, agriculteurs et autres acteurs de la filière des agroéquipements. Le cœur de l’innovation qu’on présente est la capitalisation réalisée par une analyse dite « réflexive » fondée sur l’observation des participants au projet, le but étant d’identifier les connaissances qu’ils mobilisent ainsi que leur évolution dans l’apprentissage et la maîtrise de nouvelles compétences fonctionnelles pour leau développement de l’innovation. L’analyse s’appuie entre autres sur la documentation produite par les étudiants et les tuteurs et archivée sur la plateforme de gestion de projet administrée par AgriLab® (atelier UniLaSalle consacré à l’innovation en agriculture et équipé pour la réalisation de prototype), ainsi que sur les compétences de recherche de l’unité InTerACT (UP 2018.C102) https://www.unilasalle.fr/recherche/recherche-service-de-nos-ambitions/interact/. Les deux premières innovations conduites en adoptant l’approche projet illustrée ci-dessus portaient sur la conception et construction (1) d’un robot pour le désherbage mécanique en betterave (2016-2017) récompensé par le premier prix aux Rob’Olympiades Arvalis (Culturales 2017) ; (2) un outil de travail en bande (strip-till) pour le semis sous-couvert toujours en betterave (2017-2018), actuellement en cours de réalisation. En plus de l’amélioration du parcours d’approfondissement, différentes formes d’essaimage de cette approche et d’implication des agriculteurs (constitution de panels de formalisations des besoins d’innovation, séminaire et ateliers techniques, etc.) sont actuellement en développement.

The decreasing number of farmers and the associated increase in farm and field average size risks constraining the opportunities for innovative farming system design. Agricultural equipment adoption and management can play a critical role to ensure the whole farm's profitability by increasing farming practices' efficiency. Hence, it is crucial to understand the factors influencing the farmers' decision-making and preferences about the equipment supply. The aim of this study is to identify the major drivers in this process based on an overview of the available scientific literature and reports, addressing the interactions between farming practices and equipment supply from the farmers' perspective. Our goal is to define a generic analytical framework to explore the expectations and willingness of farmers in the adoption of equipment innovation. We foster studies at levels ranging from regions to countries. First, we performed a bibliometric analysis using keywords that describe strategic and technical farm-level decision-making. On this basis, we then focus on mixed crop-livestock farming system as an example integrating a wide range of farm equipment types. In particular, we point out on-farm and off-farm (i.e., territorial) driving factors having an impact on decision-making processes. In addition, we stressed the role of various stakeholders potentially involved: machinery cooperatives and syndicates, farm machinery groups, supply-chain actors and so forth. The expected result of the literature overview is a comprehensive understanding of the information sources that feed the farmers' decision-making in the adoption of various types of agricultural equipment. In perspective, we foster to ease the sharing of technical advances and resources between farmers and producers about machinery design and supply, so as to emphasise the positive impact of new agricultural practices on the development of innovative equipment., {"references":["IFRIS, 2014. CorTexT Université Paris-Est 77420 Champs Sur Marne - Available from: http://manager.cortext.net/","Tancoigne et al. 2014. The place of agricultural sciences in the literature on ecosystem services. Ecosyst. Serv. 10:35-48"]}

La communauté de communes de la région de Bapaume (CCRB) a réalisé un état des lieux de son territoire pour définir les grandes orientations d’aménagement. L’étude intègre les auréoles bocagères à l’interface des zones urbanisées et du milieu agricole, reconnues comme dépendantes des dynamiques agricoles locales. Pour ce faire, il est nécessaire de réaliser des diagnostics des territoires, intégrant les éléments semi-naturels, et par-là même de définir des typologies. L’étude s’est intéressée à la comparaison de deux méthodes pour la réalisation des typologies : à dire d’experts et statistique. Les typologies des auréoles bocagères ont montré que les communes avec des auréoles dégradées sont majoritaires. Leur état de conservation n’a pu être corrélé ni avec les orientations technico-économiques ou les typologies des communes ni avec la présence d’infrastructures routières. L’étude démontre l’importance de la prise en compte historique du territoire et l’insuffisance de la méthode statistique qui ne traduit pas assez finement l’impression paysagère locale. The grouping of municipalities of the region of Bapaume (in French Communauté de communes de la région de Bapaume) has surveyed its territory in order to define major development needs. The survey includes the peri-urban bocage landscapes which are the interface between urban and farming areas, and are recognised as dependent on local farming activities. To conduct this survey it is necessary to carry out diagnostics of the territories, including semi-natural elements, and in the process to define typologies. The study focuses on comparing two methods for establishing typologies : one based on expertise and the other on statistics. The typologies of the peri-urban bocage landscapes reveal the fact that a majority of municipalities have degraded bocage landscapes. Their state of preservation can not be correlated with technical and economic trends, with typologies of municipalities, or with the presence of road infrastructures. The study reveals the importance of taking into account the historical background of the territory and the shortcomings of a statistical method which does not provide a sufficiently detailed picture of the local landscape.

International audience

Selon le Conseil international des monuments et des sites, les paysages culturels viticoles sont définis comme des paysages où l’homme connaît l’environnement auquel il adapte son mode de culture. Nous avons voulu tester cette corrélation entre les facteurs naturels et l’organisation spatiale des rangs de vigne sur le vignoble historique de Champagne. Afin de réaliser cette analyse, l’ensemble des paramètres ont été cartographiés sous un système d’information géographique (SIG). Le secteur retenu est celui du vignoble de Montagne, défini dans les ouvrages des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles comme un secteur qualitatif. L’organisation spatiale des rangs de vigne est comparée entre deux dates du XXe siècle afin de tester la pérennité des directions des rangs de vigne. L’analyse démontre que c’est essentiellement le relief, la microtopographie et la ligne de plus grande pente qui influent sur le choix de la direction des rangs de vigne., Combaud Anne, Cornuet Jeanne, Pargny Dominique, Marre Alain. Évolution des paysages viticoles champenois : corrélations entre les paramètres historiques, humains et naturels dans le secteur de la Montagne de Reims. In: Le paysage d’aujourd’hui à hier, d’hier à aujourd’hui. Actes du 135e Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, « Paysages », Neuchâtel, 2010. Paris : Editions du CTHS, 2011. pp. 67-80. (Actes des congrès nationaux des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, 135-1)

Precision agriculture technologies (PAT) are very diversified. The proliferation of precision agriculture products and services, as well as of their providers can confuse farmers. In addition, the lack of agronomic references for these technologies is slowing their adoption. The organization and development of the distribution network can help the providers of PAT to support farmers and other end customers. This study describes how PAT are being addressed by ordinary dealers of agricultural machinery and equipment. We aimed at identifying the main trends in the distribution of PAT among dealers, as well as the obstacles and the expected added value of these technologies for their business. We focused on metropolitan France as the first European country for agricultural production and highly committed to the development of agtech. A series of semi-direct interviews was realized on a sample covering the main tractor manufacturers on the national territory, the involvement of the dealer manager in the national trade union (i.e., SEDIMA) and already offering PAT. The interview consisted of four parts: (i) current offer by the dealership and level of PAT use/equipment by customers; (ii) 5-years strategy of the dealership about these technologies; (iii) changes in personnel (recruitment, training, etc.) and organization related to these new products/services; (iv) identification of expected added value and obstacles. The notes taken during the phone interviews were coded into themes and topics to ensure harmonization and comparability, then analyzed to provide summary statistics, and to identify main trends and recommendations about the distribution of PAT., Slides available at https://www.slideshare.net/pievarino/distribution-of-precision-agriculture-technologies-a-first-survey-of-french-dealerships