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Columbella Bellardii ? Hoernes— Mayer 1864: 76. Discussion. According to his discussion, Mayer (1864: 76) had a fragment of a columbellid that he tentatively identified as Columbella bellardii Ĥrnes, 1852, which was assigned as the type species of the genus Auingeria Harzhauser & Landau (2021). That genus is endemic to the Paratethys, and Mayer’s determination is unlikely. We exclude this record from the assemblage. Palaeoclimatology Based on the presence of gastropod genera requiring fully tropical conditions, such as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758, Nerita Linnaeus, 1758, Cheilea Modeer, 1793, Hipponix Defrance, 1819, Thetystrombus Dekkers, 2008, Distorsio R̂ding, 1798, Bellardithala Harzhauser & Landau, 2021, Cancilla Swainson, 1840, Tomellana Wenz, 1943, high diversity of conids, including fully tropical genera such as Africonus Petuch, 1975, Plagioconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 and Stephanoconus M̂rch, 1852 and the species Aurantilaria tarbelliana (Grateloup, 1845) (Tucker & Tenorio 2009; Landau et al. 2011, table 1; Ávila et al. 2016b; Harzhauser & Landau 2016), We interpret the assemblage as being fully tropical, rather than subtropical as done by Mayer (1864). Some of the species present in the Santa Maria assemblages [e.g., Cheilea equestris (Linnaeus, 1758), Hipponix sulcatus (Borson, 1820), and Tethystrombus coronatus (Defrance, 1827)] are present in the Mediterranean during the fully tropical Pliocene but did not survive the cooling event at the end of MPPMU1. Conversely, there are no genera present typical of European temperate waters (e.g., Buccinum Linnaeus, 1758, Colus R̂ding, 1798, Neptunea R̂ding, 1798). Palaeo-SSTs for water masses around Santa Maria were discussed by Ávila et al. (2016b) based on the presence of Persististrombus coronatus (Defrance, 1827), now placed in the genus Tethystrombus Dekkers, 2008. Those authors suggested that during MPPMU1 (i.e., Zanclean and earliest Piacenzian from 5.33 to about 3 Ma) there was a large climatic zone (see Fig. 5A) with full tropical conditions that extended some distance north of the Azores south to Angola: the Pliocene Mediterranean-West African (palaeobiogeographic) Province (PMWAP) (see also Monegatti & Raffi, 2001; Silva & Landau, 2007). They also stated that the palaeoclimate at Santa Maria Island was drastically different from that seen at those latitudes today, with mean annual sea surface temperatures (SSTs) about 3.7 °C to 6.3 °C higher than the present-day 20.6 °C, and with mean monthly SSTs ranging from 20 °C to 28 °C, with six months with mean SSTs over 24 °C, conditions typical of a tropical setting. The rest of the warm-water taxa represented in the same Santa Maria assemblages further support this conclusion. Palaeobiogeography Palaeobiogeographical implications are difficult to draw based on such a small number of taxa. However, certain inferences can be made (cf. Fig. 5A). The Azorean PMWAP assemblage shows a high affinity with that of the tropical Mediterranean-West African Palaeobiogeographical Province during the Zanclean and earliest Piacenzian (the period of time represented by the MPPMU1). Twenty-seven (35%) of species are found both in the Santa Maria assemblages and in the Pliocene Mediterranean during MPPMU1. The association with the subtropical Pliocene French-Iberian Province (PFIP sensu Ávila et al. 2016b) is weaker [13 species (17%)], and very few species are found in common with the warm temperate Pliocene Boreal-Celtic Province (PBCP sensu Ávila et al. 2016b) further to the North [6 or 7 species (8-9%)], mainly ubiquitous European species such as Calyptraea chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758), Petaloconchus intortus (Lamarck, 1818), Thylacodes arenarius (Linnaeus, 1758), and Tenagodus (Tenagodus) obtusus (Schumacher, 1817). We note that at least some of these widely distributed species may represent species groups that are difficult if not impossible to separate based on shell characters rather than single species (e.g., C. chinensis). The most widely dispersed species found in the Santa Maria assemblages are all within the Tonnoidea Suter, 1913. This is hardly surprising as tonnoidean species have large multispiral protoconchs (Beu 1988: 75) suggesting planktotrophic dispersal, and the veligers of modern species have been shown to live for up to in the plankton—teleplanic larvae (Jablonski & Lutz 1980), and to travel vast distances (Beu 1988: 73). Two species have an amphiatlantic distribution during the Plio-Pleistocene: Aspa marginata (Gmelin, 1791), which today no longer occurs in the tropical western Atlantic and is found only along the coast of West Africa, Madeira, Canary Islands and Cabo Verde archipelagos; and Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855) which still has an amphiatlantic distribution. Of particular interest is the presence of Distorsio mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953 in the Azores assemblages. This species has a long history in the Cainozoic of the Tropical American Atlantic, going back to the lower Miocene (Landau & Silva 2010; Beu 2010). Its presence in the Pliocene of the Azores Archipelago is the most eastern record for the species. We consider the following to be endemic species to the Santa Maria Pliocene to present-day assemblages: Danilia pterostomus (Bronn, 1861), Turbo hartungi Bronn 1861, Thericium crenulosum (Bronn, 1862), Thericium hartungi (Mayer, 1862), Thericium incultum (Mayer, 1862), Bittium miradouroense nov. sp., Bittium an nov. sp.?, Bittium nanum (Mayer, 1864), Janthina krejcii Beu, 2017, Euspira atlantica (Mayer, 1862), Alvania mediolittoralis Gofas, 1989, Alvania sleursi (Amati, 1987), Erato mayeri nov. sp., Gibberula vignali Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896, Cancellaria parcestriata Bronn, 1862, Fusinus sp.?, Tritia atlantica (Mayer, 1862), Tritia aff. striatula striatula (Eichwald, 1829), Tritia vetulum (Mayer, 1862), Cancilla volvaria (Bronn, 1862), Africonus trochilus (Mayer, 1864), and Stephanoconus candidatus (Mayer, 1862). Taxa considered species inquirenda have been excluded. Pseudopusula parcicosta (Bronn, 1862) has a slightly wider distribution, described from the lower Pliocene of Santa Maria and the Canary Islands (Fehse & Grego 2014). Therefore, 22 Pliocene gastropod species (29%) are considered as endemic to the Azores, and this compares with a total of 23 Last Interglacial (MIS 5e) endemic gastropod species (19%; Ávila et al., 2015a) and 41 (14.4%) recent endemic gastropod species (Cordeiro & Ávila, 2015). At genus level, the composition is typical of that of the tropical Pliocene Mediterranean-West African palaeobiogeographic Province, except for the genera Janthina R̂ding, 1798 and Pseudopusula Fehse & Grego, 2014. However, at species level the assemblage is relatively endemic, with 22 (29%) of the species restricted to the Azores archipelago. Working on extant faunas, Spalding et al. (2007) devised a global model for coastal and shelf areas constructed of realms, provinces and ecoregions that was refined for the Macaronesian archipelagos by Freitas et al. (2019; cf. Fig. 5B). Spalding’s use of the term ‘ecoregion’ equates roughly to the ‘subprovinces’ used by palaeobiogeographers (e.g., Woodring 1974; Petuch 1982, 1988, 2004; Landau et al. 2008, 2019). In the present-day faunas, Freitas et al. (2019: fig. 7) increased the resolution of Spalding et al. (2007: box 1, fig. 3) and recognized the Azores ecoregion and the Webbnesia ecoregion (including Madeira, Selvagens and Canaries) all belonging to the Lusitanian biogeographic Province, with a distinct Cabo Verde biogeographic subprovince included in the West-African Transition biogeographic Province. The Azores ecoregion, the Webbnesia ecoregion the Saharan upwelling ecoregion and the Mediterranean (cf. Fig 5B), altogether, are roughly equivalent to the subtropical Mediterranean-Moroccan Province of Raffi et al. (1985) (cf. Fig. 5A), whereas the South European Atlantic Shelf ecoregion (cf. Fig. 5B) equals to the warm temperate French-Iberian Province (cf. Fig. 5A). Finally, Cabo Verde subprovince and the Sahelian Upwelling ecoregion (Fig. 5B) correspond to the Mauritanian-Senegalese Province (Fig. 5A). This revision of the Santa Maria Pliocene gastropod assemblages further strengthens the hypothesis that the location of the boundaries between distinct biogeographic units, especially of those located along the eastern Atlantic façade (see Fig. 5A) were already in place at least since the early Pliocene. At the end of the Pliocene, the tropical Pliocene Mediterranean-West African Province split into the present-day northern subtropical Mediterranean-Moroccan Province (MMP) and southern Mauritanian-Senegalese Province (MSP; see Monegatti & Raffi 2007, 2010; Silva & Landau 2007; Landau et al. 2011; Ávila et al., 2016b). The stability of the biogeographical subprovince units over time, despite the fracture or change in the larger biogeographic unit in which they occur, has also been demonstrated in other areas (e.g., Landau et al. 2008; 2019). The location of the transition zones (i.e., the location of the boundaries between different, consecutive biogeographic areas) along the eastern Atlantic latitudinally also seem to show long-term stability. For example, the transition zone between the Pliocene Mediterranean-West African Province (to the south) and the Pliocene French-Iberian Province (to the north) was located in an area that extended from Lisbon south to Cabo de S„o Vicente (Algarve) (see Fig. 5A) (e.g., Silva 2001; Monegatti & Raffi 2007; Silva & Landau 2007). The present transition zone between the subtropical Mediterranean-Moroccan Province (at south) and the warm temperate French-Iberian Province (at north) is located precisely along the same coastal area (Raffi et al. 1985). A similar situation happens for the location of the transition zone between the subtropical Pliocene French-Iberian Province (at south) and the warm temperate Pliocene Boreal-Celtic Province (at north), which is the same as that of the present transition zone between the warm temperate French-Iberian Province (at south) and the cool temperate Boreal-Celtic Province (at north). The Santa Maria Pliocene assemblages are unique amongst European Pliocene assemblages in containing fossils of the holoplanktonic gastropod genus Janthina, represented by two species: J. krejcii Beu, 2017 and Janthina typica (Bronn, 1861). Based on the presence/absence of Janthina species Beu (2017) constructed a circumglobal time range zonation, especially useful in the Antipodean area and Japan. Unfortunately, this model is of limited use in the European and Caribbean assemblages where Janthina species do not occur. Nevertheless, the Santa Maria assemblages were crucial in the construction of this zonation, and we note that the end of the J. typica zone (of Beu 2017) roughly coincides with the end of MPPMU1 at about 3 Ma (Beu 2017: figs. 22, 23) and the end of fully tropical conditions within the Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic (Raffi & Monegatti 1993; Monegatti & Raffi, 2001; Silva & Landau 2007; Ávila et al. 2016b)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 100-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls.","Harzhauser, M. & Landau, B. M. (2021) An overlooked diversity - the Costellariidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa, 4982 (1), 1 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4210.1.1","Avila, S. P., Melo, C., Berning, B., Cordeiro, R., Landau, B. & Silva, C. M. da (2016 b) Persististrombus coronatus (Mollusca: Strombidae) in the lower Pliocene of Santa Maria Island (Azores, NE Atlantic): paleoecology, paleoclimatology and paleobiogeographic implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 441, 912 - 923. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2015.10.043","Freitas, R., Romeiras, M., Silva, L., Cordeiro, R., Madeira, P., Gonzalez, J. A., Wirtz, P., Falcon, J. M., Brito, A., Floeter, S. R., Afonso, P., Porteiro, F., Vieira-Rodriguez, M. A., Neto, A. I., Haroun, R., Farminh \" o, J. M. N., Rebelo, A. C., Baptista, L., Melo, C. S., Martinez, A., Nunez, J., Berning, B., Johnson, M. E. & Avila, S. P. 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Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 165, 171 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0031 - 0182 (00) 00159 - 0","Landau, B. M., Houart, R & Silva, C. M. da (2007) The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. 7. Muricidae. Palaeontos, 11, 1 - 87.","Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. (1818) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans verte`bres, pre´sentant des characte`res ge´ne´raux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espe`ces qui s'y rapportent, pre´ce´de´e d'une introduction offrant la de´termination des caracte`res essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du ve´ge´tal et des autres corps naturels; enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la zoologie, 5. Derteville, Paris, 622 pp.","Schumacher, C. F. (1817) Essai d'un nouveau systeIme des habitations des vers testaceis. Schultz, Copenhagen, 287 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35863","Suter, H. (1913) Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca, with an atlas of quarto plates. Government Printer, Wellington, XXIII + 1120 pp. [1915] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1716","Beu, A. G. (1988 a) Taxonomy of gastropods of the families Ranellidae (= Cymatiidae) and Bursidae. Part 5. Early history of the families, with four new genera and recognition of the family Personidae. Saito Ho-on Kai Special Publication, Prof. T. Kotaka Commemorative Volume, 69 - 96.","Jablonski, D. & Lutz, R. A. (1980) Molluscan Larval Shell Morphology, Ecological and Paleontological Applications. In: Rhoads, D. C. & Lutz, R. A. (Eds.), Skeletal Growth of Aquatic Organisms, Biological Records of Environmental Change. Plenum Press, New York and London, pp. 323 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4899 - 4995 - 0 _ 10","Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linnei systema natura per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, disserentis, synonymis, locis etc. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata, cura J. F. Gmelin. 1 (6). Vermes testacea. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, pp. 3021 - 4120.","Adams, A. (1855) Monographs of the genera Eulima, Niso, Leiostraca, Obeliscus, Pyramidella, and Monoptygma. In: Sowerby, G. B. II (Eds.), Thesaurus conchyliorum, or monographs of genera of shells. Vol. 2. Sowerby, G. B., London, pp. 793 - 825.","Emerson, W. K. & Puffer, E. L. (1953) A catalogue of the molluscan genus Distorsio (Gastropoda, Cymatiidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 66, 93 - 108.","Landau, B. M. & Silva, C. M. da (2010) Early Pliocene gastropods of Cubagua, Venezuela: taxonomy, palaeobiogeography and ecostratigraphy. Palaeontos, 10, 1 - 221.","Beu, A. G. 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Costoanachis sp. Plate 4 J Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 2.7 mm, width 1.6 mm. DBUA-F 1059 (1), Baía do Raposo, Santa Maria Island, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Description. Shell small, broadly fusiform. Protoconch missing. Teleoconch of three convex whorls, separated by deeply impressed, undulating suture. Sculpture on spire whorls of strong orthocline axial ribs, 11 on last whorl, roughly equals into space, extending slightly adapically, crenulating suture. Last whorl globose, evenly rounded, strongly constricted at base, with 16 broad weakly opisthocline ribs and fine spirals cords restricted to the base and siphonal fasciole. Aperture obscured by matrix, outer lip and siphonal canal incomplete. Discussion. The species is represented by a single incomplete juvenile specimen from Baía do Raposo. It is characterised by the strong axial ribs and spiral sculpture that is restricted to the base and the siphonal fasciole on the last whorl. Costoanachis arpula (Michelotti, 1840) and C. turbinellus (Sacco, 1890) are both more evenly fusiform with spiral sculpture throughout. The last two species are better placed in Zafrona Iredale, 1916 (Landau et al. 2019a: 150). The Azorean specimen is more closely similar to C. rectecosta (Sacco, 1890) (syntype illustrated in Ferrero Mortara et al. 1981: pl. 58, fig. 3) from the upper Miocene of Italy, that also has strong ribs and spiral sculpture restrict to the base. The preservation of the Azorean specimen does not allow further identification. Distribution. Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (this paper)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on pages 67-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Michelotti, G. (1840) Rivista di alcune specie fossili della famiglia dei Gasteropodi. Annali scientifici delle Societa del Regno Lombardo-Veneto, 10, 137 - 162.","Sacco, F. (1890) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte VI. (Volutidae, Marginellidae, Columbellidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 76 pp., 2 pl.","Iredale, T. (1916) On two editions of Dumeiril's Zoologie Analytique. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 12, 79 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. mollus. a 063622","Ferrero Mortara, E. L., Montefameglio, L., Pavia, G. & Tampieri, R. (1981) Catalogo dei tipi e degli esemplari figurati della collezione Bellardi e Sacco. 1. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, Cataloghi 6, 1 - 327."]}

Costoanachis semicostata (Sacco, 1890) Plate 4 I 1 -I 2 * Columbella (Anachis) semicostata Sacco 1890: 60, pl. 2, fig. 86. Anachis (Ecostoanachis) semicostata (Sacco, 1890) —Malatesta: 318, pl. 25, fig. 8. Columbella (Anachis) semicostata Sacco in Bellardi, 1890 — Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: 186, pl. 58, fig. 11. Anachis semicostata (Sacco in Bellardi, 1890)— Chirli 2002: 5, pl. 1, figs. 5-12, pl. 2, figs. 1-12. Anachis semicostata (Sacco in Bellardi, 1890)— Sosso & Dell’Angelo 2010: 41, 58 unnumbered fig. bottom centre. Anachis semicostata (Sacco in Bellardi, 1890)— Brunetti & Cresti 2018: 80, fig. 306. Columbella (Anachis) semicostata Sacco in Bellardi— Kolokotronis 2022, p. 5, figs. 1, 2. Santa Maria material examined. Maximum height 6.9 mm, width 3.0 mm. DBUA-F 1034-4 (3), Macela viewpoint; DBUA-F 540-B (1), Ponta dos Frades; DBUA-F 1287-B (1), DBUA-F 1189- B, E (4), Pedra-que-pica, Santa Maria, Azores, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene. Description. Shell small, fusiform. Protoconch tall dome-shaped multispiral, consisting of 3.25 smooth, convex whorls. Junction with teleoconch marked by sinusigera. Teleoconch of five weakly convex whorls with periphery at abapical suture. Suture deeply impressed, linear. Axial sculpture of about 14 opisthocline ribs, extending between the sutures that weaken rapidly on the third whorl, becoming obsolete, or almost so, on the last 2.5 whorls. Spiral sculpture absent. Last whorl evenly rounded, moderately constricted at base, about eight rounded spiral cords over siphonal fasciole. Aperture elongate (damaged in Azores material); outer lip slightly thickened by varix, bearing six or seven robust, elevated denticles within, D2 and D3 slightly stronger; anal sinus weakly developed, narrow U-shaped; siphonal canal open, relatively broad, notch at tip. Columella excavated in upper third, straight below, bearing row of four or five robust tubercules. Columella callus thickened, sharply delimited, adherent. Parietal callus thin, not develop in some species. Intraspecific variability. The species is highly variable in the number of axial ribs on the early teleoconch whorls and their extent. In most specimens the ribs stop abruptly on the second half of the third whorl, but they can fade earlier or persist later in some specimens. Some variability is also seen in the strength of the labral denticles and the presence or absence of a thin parietal callus. The Azorean specimens are typical for the species with the axial sculpture weakening on the third teleoconch whorl. Discussion. Costoanachis semicostata (Sacco, 1890) is characterised by the early disappearance of the axial sculpture. Costoanachis semiplicata (Sacco, 1890) from the upper Miocene of Italy is closely similar. The syntype illustrated by Ferrero Mortara et al. (1984: pl. 58, fig. 10) seems to have broader ribs that persist onto the penultimate whorl and the base is slightly less constricted. Costoanachis procorrugata (Sacco, 1890) (syntype illustrated by Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984, pl. 58, fig. 9) from the middle Miocene Colli Torinesi of Italy and Costoanachis rectecostata (Sacco, 1890) (syntype illustrated by Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984: pl. 58, fig. 3) both differ in having broader ribs that persist onto the last whorl. Costoanachis semicostata (Sacco, 1890) is a typical Italian Pliocene Mediterranean species, recently also described from the eastern Mediterranean Pliocene (Kolokotronis 2022), and certainly present in the western Mediterranean Estepona Basin assemblages of Spain (BL unpublished data). It has not previously been recorded from the Atlantic, highlighting the ancient biogeographical relationships of the gastropod Azorean fauna with that of the Mediterranean Sea (Ávila 2005; Ávila et al. 2022), a pattern that still holds in the present-day (Ávila 2000b; Ávila et al. 2009a, 2015a; see Freitas et al. 2019). Distribution. Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (this paper); western Mediterranean, NE Spain (NHMW coll.); central Mediterranean, Italy (Ferrero Mortara et al. 1984; Chirli 2002; Sosso & Dell’Angelo 2010; Brunetti & Cresti 2018). Upper Pliocene: western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin, S. Spain (NHMW coll.); central Mediterranean, Italy (Malatesta 1974). Pliocene (indeterminate): eastern Mediterranean, Cyprus (Kolokotronis 2022)., Published as part of Sacchetti, Claudia, Landau, Bernard & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2023, The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications, pp. 1-150 in Zootaxa 5295 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5295.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7965273, {"references":["Sacco, F. (1890) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte VI. (Volutidae, Marginellidae, Columbellidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, 76 pp., 2 pl.","Bellardi, L. (1890) I Molluschi dei Terreni Terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 6. Volutidae, Marginellidae, Columbellidae. Stamperia Reale, Torino, 76 pp. [also published in Memorie della Reale Accademia di Torino, Series 2, 40, 1 - 76]","Ferrero Mortara, E. L., Montefameglio, L., Novelli, M., Opesso, G., Pavia, G. & Tampieri, R. (1984) Catalogo dei tipi e degli esemplari figurati della collezione Bellardi e Sacco. 2. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Cataloghi 7, 1 - 484.","Chirli, C. (2002) Malacofauna Pliocenica Toscana. Vol. 3. Superfamiglia Muricoidea-Cancellarioidea. Chirli, C., Firenze, 92 pp., 37 pls.","Sosso, M. & Dell'Angelo, B. (2010) I fossili del Rio Torsero. Editing Marginalia, Cartotectonica Beusi srl, Prato, 95 pp.","Brunetti, M. M. & Cresti, M. (2018) I fossili di Orciano Pisano. Atlante iconografico. Edizioni Danaus, Palermo, 232 pp.","Kolokotronis, D. (2022) Lectotype Designation for the Extinct Columbella (Anachis) Semicostata Sacco in Bellardi, 1890 (Columbellidae Gastropoda) with Notes on Its Intraspecific Pattern Variability and Distribution. European Journal of Zoology, 1 (1), 5 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.24018 / ejzoo. 2022.1.1.10","Avila, S. P., Ramalho, R., Silva, C. M. da, Johnson, M. E., Uchman, A., Berning, B., Quartau, R., Madeira, P., Melo, C., Rebelo, A. C., Baptista, L., Arruda, S., Gonzalez, E., Rasser, M. W., Hipolito, A., Cordeiro, R., Meireles, R., Raposo, V., Pombo, J., Camara, R., Kirby, M. X., Titschack, J., Habermann, J. M., Vullo, R., Kroh, A., Lipps, J. H., Cach \" o, M. & Madeira, J. (2022) Os fosseis de Santa Maria (Acores). 2. Pedra-que-pica: uma historia com 5 milhles de anos. Nova Grafica Lda, Observatorio Vulcanologico e Geotermico dos Acores, Lagoa, 160 pp.","Avila, S. P. (2000 b) Shallow-water marine molluscs of the Azores: biogeographical relationships. Arquipelago Life and Marine Sciences, 2 A, 99 - 131.","Avila, S. P., Madeira, P., Zazo, C., Kroh, A., Kirby, M., da Silva, C. M., Cach \" o, M. & Martins, A. M. F. (2009 a) Palaeoecology of the Pleistocene (MIS 5.5) outcrops of Santa Maria Island (Azores) in a complex oceanic tectonic setting. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 274 (1 - 2), 18 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2008.12.014","Avila, S. P., Melo, C., Silva, L., Ramalho, R., Quartau, R., Hipolito, A., Cordeiro, R., Rebelo, A. C., Madeira, P., Rovere, A., Hearty, P. J., Henriques, D., Da Silva, C. M., Martins, A. M. F. & Zazo, C. (2015 a) A review of the MIS 5 e highstand deposits from Santa Maria Island (Azores, NE Atlantic): palaeobiodiversity, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. Quaternary Science Reviews, 114, 126 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quascirev. 2015.02.012","Freitas, R., Romeiras, M., Silva, L., Cordeiro, R., Madeira, P., Gonzalez, J. A., Wirtz, P., Falcon, J. M., Brito, A., Floeter, S. R., Afonso, P., Porteiro, F., Vieira-Rodriguez, M. A., Neto, A. I., Haroun, R., Farminh \" o, J. M. N., Rebelo, A. C., Baptista, L., Melo, C. S., Martinez, A., Nunez, J., Berning, B., Johnson, M. E. & Avila, S. P. (2019) Restructuring of the ' Macaronesia'bi ogeographic unit: A marine multi-taxon biogeographical approach. Scientific Reports, 9 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 019 - 51786 - 6","Malatesta, A. (1974) Malacofauna pliocenica Umbra. Memorie per Servire alla Carta Geologica d'Italia, 13, 1 - 498."]}

In this work, all the Lower Pliocene gastropod assemblages of Santa Maria Island are revised. These all form part of the Touril Complex. Seventy-seven species are identified representing 61 genera. Two species are described as new: Bittium miradouroense nov. sp. and Erato mayeri nov. sp. The name Tritonium secans Bronn in Reiss 1862 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855). Pleurotoma perturrita Bronn in Reiss 1862 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Crassopleura maravignae (Bivona, 1838). However, due to the difficulties in collecting from these deposits, this is likely to be a considerable underestimate of the original diversity of local Early Pliocene gastropod faunas. The assemblage reflects a fully tropical with mean annual sea surface temperatures (SSTs) estimated about 3.7°C to 6.3°C higher than the present-day 20.6°C, and with mean monthly SSTs ranging from 20°C to 28°C, with six months with mean SSTs over 24°C. The assemblages all represent relatively shallow water, fully saline marine environments. At genus level the assemblage is typical of that seen in the tropical Mediterranean-West African Palaeobiogeographical Province during the early Pliocene (MPPMU1; roughly equivalent to the Zanclean and earliest Piacenzian). At species level, 35% of the species taxa found in Santa Maria are also found in the Mediterranean during MPPMU1. There is a much weaker association with the northern warm temperate Pliocene Boreal-Celtic Province, with only 17% of species occurring in both. Moreover, most of those are ubiquitous European species with both wide geographic and stratigraphic distributions. The assemblage is relatively endemic (29%) suggesting that the Azorean subprovince/ecoregion, which is recognised today, was already in place in the Lower Pliocene. A small number of tonnoidean species found in Santa Maria are species known to have had an amphiatlantic distribution during the Pliocene, and for Distorsio mcgintyi Emerson & Puffer, 1953, a well-known and widely distributed tropical American Atlantic species from the Early Miocene to present-day, its presence in Santa Maria marks the most easterly range expansion for the species, as today is not found in the Azores.

Kantor, Yuri, Zvonareva, Sofia, Krylova, Elena (2023): New species of the genus Astyris (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Buccinoidea Columbellidae) from the vicinity of hydrothermal vents of the Piip Volcano southwestern Bering Sea. Zootaxa 5263 (3): 441-450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.8

Astyris axicostata n. sp. Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8199E15C-A73 A-4828-AEED-9339C2B42E00 Astyris sp. nov.: Nekhaev et al., 2022: 9, Fig. 4D. Type specimens. Holotype (Fig. 2 A–D) [SL 7.3 mm], MIMB 45730. Three paratypes [SL 7.4, 7.0, and 3.0 mm] (Fig. 2 E–I) MIMB 45731; two paratypes [SL 7.3, and 5.3 mm] IORAS INV0000847. Type locality. Northern summit of submarine Piip Volcano, 55°24.96′N, 167°16.464′E, 373 m, R / V Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev, cruise 82, sta LV82-1/7, 2018, rock with zoantharians (Epizoanthus sp.) and other Hexacorallia. Additional material examined. 28 specimens from the type locality, one sequenced and examined for radular morphology (Buc298, shell partially destroyed). Northern summit of submarine Piip Volcano, 55°24.996′N, 167°16.488′E, 402 m, R / V Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev, cruise 75, sta LV75-10/1, 2016, 1 specimen, rocks on bacterial mats. Southern summit of submarine Piip Volcano 55°22.938′N, 167°15.696′E, 468 m, R / V Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev, cruise 75, sta LV75-15/2, 1 specimen, in vicinity of Calyptogena bed on soft sediment. Etymology. The species epithet refers to characteristic axial ribs (‘costa’, L. ‘rib’). Description (holotype). Shell (Fig. 2A–D) moderate-sized for genus (up to SL 7.4 mm), tall-spired. Apex decollate, leaving 4.5 whorls remaining. Teleoconch whorls evenly rounded, convex, very thin and fragile, semi-transparent, very light yellow. Periostracum very thin, smooth, transparent, and tightly adherent to shell. Spiral sculpture of rather indistinct spiral cordlets slightly varying in width, best pronounced on penultimate whorl (16 on penultimate whorl) and less distinct on last whorl, very obscure on canal. Axial sculpture of very thin but distinct weakly sinuous axial ribs present on all teleoconch whorls, more distinct on penultimate and last whorls, and extending to canal, around 30 on last whorl. Aperture lacking dentition, semi-circular in shape, siphonate. Outer lip simple, not thickened, completely smooth on inside. Columella weakly concave, simple, with slightly thickened narrow callus. Siphonal canal short with weakly constricted but distinct siphonal notch. Operculum corneous, small, irregularly oval, length about half of aperture height. Nucleus lateral. Protoconch persists in one juvenile paratype with SL 3.0 mm (Fig. 2 E–F), paucispiral, of about 1.5 whorls, smooth, diameter 0.75 mm, transition to teleoconch is poorly demarcated by a weak varix. Radula (Fig. 3A) rachiglossan, typical of columbellids with acuspate smooth plate-like central tooth and one lateral tooth on each side. Laterals with narrow bases and three cusps, basal one obtuse and two distal ones sharp and closely spaced. Distribution. Presently known only from both summits of the submarine Piip Volcano (southwestern Bering Sea) at the depths of 373– 468 m. Ecology. Most specimens were collected from a single station on a rock among dense population of Epizoanthus sp. in an area without visible hydrothermal vent activity (Fig. 3 C–D), however two specimens were obtained from the hydrothermal vent habitats in close proximity to Calyptogena beds and bacterial mats. In addition, a study of photographs shows that some molluscs located close to bacterial mats may be A. axicostata n. sp. The value of δ13C of a specimen of A. axicostata n. sp. from a site without bacterial mats indicated prevailing contribution of photosynthetically derived carbon from sinking POM (particulated organic matter) in their nutrition (Kiyashko, Mordukhovich, pers. comm.).. Remarks. The present new species demonstrates little degree of conchological variation. The spiral sculpture can be more distinct in some specimens than in holotype (Fig. 2 F–G). The new species is most similar to A. thermophila, differing in more rounded teleoconch whorls and in the presence of thin but distinct axial ribs. Astyris axicostata n. sp. is attributed to Astyris since it belongs to the same molecularly defined clade as Astyris cf. rosacea, very similar to the type species of the genus. Correspondingly the tentative position of A. thermophila is here confirmed. The radulae of all three studied Astyris species are very similar (Fig. 3), although in A. thermophila the basal cusp of the lateral teeth is more distinct and better defined in comparison with A. axicostata n. sp. and Astyris cf. rosacea . Astyris axicostata n. sp. is the fourth species of the genus recorded from reducing environments and the second species found in hydrothermal vent areas (Table 1). As for the feeding type of A. axicostata n.sp., preliminary data on δ13C indicated organic matter mainly of photosynthetic origin in their diet (Kiyashko, Mordukhovich, pers. comm.). Thus, although found in the area of hydrothermal activity, the species is probably not specific for hydrothermal vents but rather has high tolerance to environmental factors allowing inhabiting areas of hydrothermal activity. Astyris thermophila, so far the only columbellid species of hydrothermal vent community, was found in tubeworm bushes attached on the tubes and in washings of Bathymodiolus mussels. It was suggested that A. thermophila is a predator or ovophagous (Chen et al. 2017). It is not clear whether A. thermophila is a species obligate to the hydrothermal vent habitats, since very similar specimens were recently collected at the methane seeps of the Koryak Slope of Chukotka, western Bering Sea (Nekhaev et al. 2022: 9). We failed in sequencing those specimens and therefore their conspecifity with A. thermophila is not presently confirmed. But it may appear that both A. thermophila and A. axicostata n. sp. can dwell in rather wide types of environments.

Pantai Pasir Putih is an area with a variety of coastal substrates that store much diversity of Molluscs species. The diversity of Molluscs in the waters of Lampung is still little known, therefore research conducted at Pasir Putih Beach, South Lampung aims to determine the density and diversity of Molluscs, as well as to determine water quality. The sampling method used is line transect combined with the square method. Molluscs were found in 48 individuals from nine families (Cerithiidae, Neritidae, Throchidae, Conidae, Muricidae, Nassaridae, Columbariidae, Columbellidae, Buccinidae, and Mactridae). Based on the calculation of Molluscs density (10.33 Ind/m 2 ; 5 Ind/m 2 ; 0.67 Ind/m 2 .) The Shannon-Wiener Molluscs index on the Pasir Putih Beach was included in the low category (H value: 0 - 0.152). The results of the analysis of environmental factors show that the waters of the Pasir Putih Beach have not been polluted and are still good enough for Molluscs life.

Columbella zapresiciana nov. spec. — Šuklje 1929: 36, pl. 4, figs 1a–b. Inv. No. 6312.1460, Zaprešić-Brijeg at Samobor (Croatia), stored in the Natural History Museum in Zagreb (Croatia). This is Euthria fuscocingulata (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890)., Published as part of Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard M., 2021, The Columbellidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) in the Miocene Paratethys Sea — striking diversity of a negelected group, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 5025 (1) on page 62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5025.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5258835, {"references":["Suklje, F. (1929) Mediteranska fauna zapresic Brijega u Samoborskoj Gori. Vijesti Geoloskoga zavoda, 3, 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.3996 / nafa. 52.0001"]}

Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. (2021): The Columbellidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) in the Miocene Paratethys Sea—striking diversity of a negelected group. Zootaxa 5025 (1): 1-75, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5025.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5025.1.1

We document 37 Columbellidae species, placed in 15 genera, from the middle Miocene of the Paratethys Sea, adding about 20% of new species to the previously known Columbellidae fauna of the Paratethys. This distinct increase is based on a careful revision of museum material that was collected during the 19th century. A detailed revision revealed numerous misidentifications of published material, which greatly distorted the understanding of many species in the literature. The revised fauna reveals only minimal affinities with coeval faunas from the Proto-Mediterranean Sea and suggests a palaeogeographic subdivision within the Central Paratethys between northern and southern basins. A major drop in columbellid diversity occurred at the Langhian/Serravallian boundary, coinciding with the Miocene Climatic Transition. This event led to a severe diversity decline from a high Langhian level of 32 species, which was comparable in the number of columbellid species to that of the modern Red Sea and tropical West Africa (~23 species), down to a diversity level of nine species, equalling that of the modern Mediterranean Sea. Auingeria nov. gen., Bellacolumbella nov. gen., Martaia nov. gen. and Defensina nov. gen. are introduced as new genera. Mitrella dacica nov. sp., Mitrella demaintenonae nov. sp., Mitrella elongatissima nov. sp., Mitrella viennensis nov. sp. and Zafrona sphaerocorrugata nov. sp. are described as new species. Costoanachis venzoi is proposed as replacement name for Anachis (Costoanachis) subcorrugata Venzo & Pelosio, 1963 non Columbella (Anachis) subcorrugata Boettger, 1906. Lectotypes are designated for Columbella (Anachis) guembeli Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Columbella januskiewiczi Friedberg, 1938, Columbella (Mitrella) fallax Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Atilia (Macrurella) hilberi Cossmann, 1901, Columbella petersi Hilber, 1879, Columbella (Mitrella) complanata Sacco, 1890, Columbella (Mitrella) bittneri Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Columbella (Orthurella) elongata var. convexula Sacco, 1890, Columbella (Anachis) moravica Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Columbella (Mitrella) bucciniformis Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Columbella (Anachis) haueri Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Columbella (Anachis) austriaca Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Pyrene (Anachis) bellardii grussbachensis Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969, Columbella (Anachis) dujardini Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Columbella (Anachis) zitteli Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, Columbella (Nitidella) karreri Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, and Columbella (Nitidella) katharinae Hoernes & Auinger, 1880. Scabrellana is introduced as replacement name for the trilobite genus Scabrella Wenndorf (1990) non Scabrella Sacco, 1890.

The neogastropod family Columbellidae is a diverse cosmopolitan group of small marine snails, with its greatest diversity in the tropics. They are represented in high latitudes, but the columbellid fauna of higher latitudes tends to be much less well documented. The present paper documents the nearshore columbellid fauna of the northeastern Pacific Ocean, from the Aleutian Islands to Cedros Island, near the dividing point between Baja California and Baja California Sur. It is based on work by J.H. McLean, and completed posthumously. Examination of the regional columbellid collections in the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History has resulted in 24 species in eight genera, of which four new species and one new genus are described herein. The present paper focuses on dry shell material.

Many Australian small molluscan taxa are often overlooked, falling by the wayside and therefore, and remaining relatively unknown to the wider collecting community. This paper redescribes and illustrates Retizafra intricata Hedley, 1912, a species that has not been illustrated within the literature for over a century. Many species are listed in databases, but they are often void of illustrative examples making positive identification problematic. Furthermore, this paper refines the syntypes and declares a lectotype to give greater taxonomic clarity. Within the discussion of this paper, the role of the citizen scientist is elucidated. Issues of how attitudinal change within some institutions can lead to the alienation of individuals, particularly those with life-long knowledge in their chosen field.

This article lists and comments on the primary and secondary types represented in the collection of the Bailey-Matthews National Shell Museum (BMSM), on Sanibel, Florida, USA. The collection includes 464 type specimens, of which 15 are holotypes, representing 149 taxa, of which 145 are species and four subspecies. The BMSM collection is fully catalogued and posted online via the Museum’s website, in addition to iDigBio and GBIF. The publication of this annotated list intends to improve on the accessibility and promote this important group of name-bearing specimens, which includes, among other cases, types originating from orphaned collections and material poorly documented in the original descriptions. Eighty-two types were selected for illustration, and the photos of all BMSM types are available as part of the BMSM online collection catalog.

Family Columbellidae Anachis rechonchuda Lima & Guimarães, 2015 (Figure 46); two paratypes. Astyris frumarkernorum García, 2008 (Figure 47); one paratype. Columbella marrae García, 1999 (Figure 48); one paratype. Zafra rapanuiensis Raines, 2002 (Figure 49); one paratype., Published as part of Leal, José H., 2021, Type specimens in the molluscan collection of the Bailey-Matthews National Shell Museum, Florida, USA, pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 4951 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4951.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4655535, {"references":["Lima, S. F. B. & Guimaraes, C. R. P. (2015) New bathyal Anachis (Neogastropoda: Buccinoidea: Columbellidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic, and the designation of a lectotype for A. stricta (Watson, 1882). Zootaxa, 3949 (3), 445 - 450 https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3949.3.10","Garcia, E. F. (1999) Three new gastropod species from the New World. Apex, 14 (3 - 4), 59 - 65.","Raines, B. K. (2002) Contributions to the knowledge of Easter Island Mollusca. La Conchiglia, 34 (304), 11 - 40."]}

Family Colubrariidae Bartschia frumari García, 2008 (Figure 45); one paratype. Cumia clavula Watters, 2009; one paratype. Family Columbellidae Anachis rechonchuda Lima & Guimarães, 2015 (Figure 46); two paratypes. Astyris frumarkernorum García, 2008 (Figure 47); one paratype. Columbella marrae García, 1999 (Figure 48); one paratype. Zafra rapanuiensis Raines, 2002 (Figure 49); one paratype. Family Fasciolariidae Australaria tenuitesta Snyder, Vermeij, & Lyons, 2012; one paratype. Bullockus guesti Lyons & Snyder, 2008; one paratype. Lamellilatirus sunderlandorum Lyons & Snyder, 2013; one paratype. Latirus marrowi Lyons & Snyder, 2015; one paratype. Latirus ornatus Lyons & Snyder, 2015; one paratype. Latirus poppei Lyons & Snyder, 2015; one paratype. Lightbournus russjenseni Lyons & Snyder, 2008; one paratype. Lugubrilaria seccombei Lyons, 2012; one paratype. Pustulatirus biocellatus Lyons & Snyder, 2013; one paratype. Pustulatirus utilaensis Lyons & Snyder, 2013; one paratype. Pustulatirus watermanorum Lyons & Snyder, 2013; one paratype. Family Nassariidae Antillophos verriculum Watters, 2009; one paratype. Nassarius harryleei García, 2001 (Figure 50); one paratype. Parviphos chalcedonius Watters, 2009; one paratype. Family Pisaniidae Anna royalensis Watters, 2009; one paratype. Bailya morgani Watters, 2009; one paratype. Caducifer camelopardalus Watters, 2009; one paratype. Dianthiphos electrum Watters, 2009; one paratype. Engina lignea Watters & Fraussen, 2015; one paratype. Engina permixta Watters & Fraussen, 2015 (Figure 51); one paratype. Engina williamsae Watters & Fraussen, 2015; one paratype. Monostiolum fumosum Watters, 2009; one paratype. Monostiolum simonei Watters, 2016; one paratype. Family Columbellidae Anachis rechonchuda Lima & Guimarães, 2015 (Figure 46); two paratypes. Astyris frumarkernorum García, 2008 (Figure 47); one paratype. Columbella marrae García, 1999 (Figure 48); one paratype. Zafra rapanuiensis Raines, 2002 (Figure 49); one paratype. Family Fasciolariidae Australaria tenuitesta Snyder, Vermeij, & Lyons, 2012; one paratype. Bullockus guesti Lyons & Snyder, 2008; one paratype. Lamellilatirus sunderlandorum Lyons & Snyder, 2013; one paratype. Latirus marrowi Lyons & Snyder, 2015; one paratype. Latirus ornatus Lyons & Snyder, 2015; one paratype. Latirus poppei Lyons & Snyder, 2015; one paratype. Lightbournus russjenseni Lyons & Snyder, 2008; one paratype. Lugubrilaria seccombei Lyons, 2012; one paratype. Pustulatirus biocellatus Lyons & Snyder, 2013; one paratype. Pustulatirus utilaensis Lyons & Snyder, 2013; one paratype. Pustulatirus watermanorum Lyons & Snyder, 2013; one paratype. Family Nassariidae Antillophos verriculum Watters, 2009; one paratype. Nassarius harryleei García, 2001 (Figure 50); one paratype. Parviphos chalcedonius Watters, 2009; one paratype. Family Pisaniidae Anna royalensis Watters, 2009; one paratype. Bailya morgani Watters, 2009; one paratype. Caducifer camelopardalus Watters, 2009; one paratype. Dianthiphos electrum Watters, 2009; one paratype. Engina lignea Watters & Fraussen, 2015; one paratype. Engina permixta Watters & Fraussen, 2015 (Figure 51); one paratype. Engina williamsae Watters & Fraussen, 2015; one paratype. Monostiolum fumosum Watters, 2009; one paratype. Monostiolum simonei Watters, 2016; one paratype. Family Nassariidae Antillophos verriculum Watters, 2009; one paratype. Nassarius harryleei García, 2001 (Figure 50); one paratype. Parviphos chalcedonius Watters, 2009; one paratype. Family Pisaniidae Anna royalensis Watters, 2009; one paratype. Bailya morgani Watters, 2009; one paratype. Caducifer camelopardalus Watters, 2009; one paratype. Dianthiphos electrum Watters, 2009; one paratype. Engina lignea Watters & Fraussen, 2015; one paratype. Engina permixta Watters & Fraussen, 2015 (Figure 51); one paratype. Engina williamsae Watters & Fraussen, 2015; one paratype. Monostiolum fumosum Watters, 2009; one paratype. Monostiolum simonei Watters, 2016; one paratype. Family Pisaniidae Anna royalensis Watters, 2009; one paratype. Bailya morgani Watters, 2009; one paratype. Caducifer camelopardalus Watters, 2009; one paratype. Dianthiphos electrum Watters, 2009; one paratype. Engina lignea Watters & Fraussen, 2015; one paratype. Engina permixta Watters & Fraussen, 2015 (Figure 51); one paratype. Engina williamsae Watters & Fraussen, 2015; one paratype. Monostiolum fumosum Watters, 2009; one paratype. Monostiolum simonei Watters, 2016; one paratype.

Few of the ca 50 species of Columbellidae found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean have planktotrophic larval development denoted by a multispiral protoconch. One species of the genus Mitrella, ranging from the mid-Atlantic seamounts to the Alboran Sea, is here described as new to science and the geographic and bathymetric distributions of another three species, Amphissa acutecostata (Philippi, 1844), Mitrella canariensis (d'Orbigny, 1840) and M. nitidulina (Locard, 1897) are updated. The name Mitrella canariensis is shown to have precedence over M. pallaryi (Dautzenberg, 1927). Mitrella nitidulina is absent in the Mediterranean Sea, and A. acutecostata, the only amphiatlantic species, is recorded for the first time as living in the Alboran Sea. There is a definite differentiation in the bathymetrical range of these species, with M. canariensis being the shallowest and M. nitidulina being the deepest.

The wrinkled dove snail (Amphissa columbiana) is a columbellid gastropod common in marine waters along the west coast of North America. This species has long been anecdotally described as an opportunistic scavenger, but little is known about its diet or scavenging behaviors. A. columbiana were observed at subtidal sites within the San Juan Islands, Washington to document associations with potential food items. Laboratory experiments were done to determine what this species eats and how it finds food. In the field, A. columbiana were often found on dead or damaged organisms, frequently in aggregations. In the laboratory, the snails consumed a broad range of dead or damaged invertebrate prey, showing little discrimination. They appear to locate food resources primarily through chemosensory cues, often following conspecific mucus trails and sometimes congregating around actively feeding sea stars. The chemical cues that draw A. columbiana to food act as feeding stimulants; the addition of scent from a damaged animal induced the snails to feed on healthy prey. The ability to sense chemical cues from damaged animals, including those being consumed by feeding sea stars, creates scavenging opportunities other gastropods may be unable to exploit.

Three species of the neogastropod genus Columbella Lamarck, 1799 are recognised from the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. One is the common Mediterranean C. rustica (Linnaeus, 1758), with paucispiral protoconch, extending its range in the Atlantic South to Senegal and North to Portugal. Columbella adansoni Menke, 1853, with multispiral protoconch is restricted to the Macaronesian archipelagoes. A third species, also with multispiral protoconch, from West Africa is recognised through molecular methods, and the name C. xiphitella Duclos, 1840 is employed by correcting the original erroneous locality (“Californie”) to Gabon. Except for protoconch features, no major morphological characters are available to separate the three species; however diagnostic species-level differences in specific positions in the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences are present between all three species.

The aim of this research was the description of the taxocoenosis of Prosobranchia and Pulmonata subclasses (Gastropoda) associated with the rocky intertidal zone of the Marine Priority Region 32, Guerrero, Mexico. Based on known species richness, we examine the composition of the community based on the representation of families, assess abundance, the geographic distribution of species, estimate descriptive statistics of size, and estimate diversity. Sampling was conducted at 7 sites, the sampling unit was 1 m-2 and the sampling area was 10 m-2. One hundred and four species of subclass Prosobranchia and 4 species of subclass Pulmonata were identified. Columbellidae and Muricidae families showed higher species richness, meanwhile family Muricidae was the most abundant. Acanthais triangularis was the most representative species of the study area, and Macrocypraea cervinetta showed the greatest size. Twenty three species were found with broad distribution, 27 taxa with frequent distribution and 54 taxa with restricted distribution. Twenty eight species were represented by a single organism and 6 species with 2 organisms, these species were considered rare and were found in sites whose characteristic wave exposure is low to medium. Species richness was high and corresponds to that expected in the tropics.

This study investigated the community structure and functional traits of the mollusk fauna associated with macroalgae with different thallus morphologies in a reef environment in Northeastern Brazil. A total of 15 individuals of each species of macroalgae adhered to natural substrate and 15 individuals of Padina gymnospora detached from the substrate were collected. The structural complexity of algal habitats was measured and the associated malacofauna screened and identified. All three macroalgae differed significantly in the complexity of their habitat, with Sargassum polyceratium being the most complex. A total of 823 specimens of mollusks belonging to 22 species and 11 families were recorded, of which Columbellidae was the most represented with six species. The functional trait “size” revealed that micromollusks smaller than 10 millimeters were predominant in the community; however, individuals of larger sizes (up to 24.54 millimeters) belonging to young stages of other species were also present. Eight functional trophic groups were identified, of which “carnivorous” stood out with seven species. Six functional groups of microhabitats were identified, with intra‐specific variation in habitats, while habitat expansion was documented for species not yet recorded in association with macroalgae. The structure of the molluskan community differed among the three algae species with the greatest richness, abundance, and diversity of mollusks and functional traits occurring with S. polyceratium. Community structure differed between algae adhered to natural substrate and detached algae, with the latter having lower mollusk richness and diversity, but with greater abundance of some species that remained on algal fronds after release from the reef environment. This study reinforces the importance of algal habitat for marine invertebrate fauna, especially for micromollusks that spend their entire life cycle, or part of it, in association with macroalgae.

Genus Columbellaria Rolle, 1861 Type species. Cassis corallina Quenstedt, 1858 (type by original designation). Late Jurassic, Germany., Published as part of Hansen, Thomas, 2019, Gastropods from the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary in Denmark, pp. 1-196 in Zootaxa 4654 (1) on page 101, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4654.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3365803, {"references":["Rolle, F. (1861) Uber einige neue und wenig bekannte Mollusken aus Sekundar-Ablagerungen. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, 42, 261 - 279."]}

Columbellaria tuberculosa (Binkhorst, 1861) Figs 26 L–M 1861 Pyrula tuberculosa Binkhorst: 8, pl. III, fig. 5a–b. 1861 Pyrula ? plicata —Binkhorst: 68, pl. Va.3, fig. Aa–b. 1898 Columbellaria tuberculosa (Binkhorst) —Kaunhowen: 79–80, pl. IX, figs 7–8. 1986 Columbellaria tuberculosa (Binkhorst, 1861) —Abdel-Gawad: 111, pl. 13, figs 2–4. Diagnosis. Low-spired and bulbous with unkeeled whorls. Sculpture of nearly smooth and sharp spiral ribs. Transverse ribs completely lacking. Material. The present Danish material consists of specimen ØSM.10042-202-a–c and an uncatalogued external and internal apical mould from Holtug quarry (A. Rosenkrantz, 1—6/8 1940), which is deposited in the old collections at the Natural History Museum of Denmark. Type stratum and type locality. The holotype figured by Binkhorst (1861: pl. III: 5a–b) comes from the upper Maastrichtian limestone at Limburg, Belgium. Occurrence. In Denmark Columbellaria tuberculosa is found in the lithified top of the Maastrichtian Højerup Member at Rødvig and Holtug Quarry, Stevns Klint. Outside Denmark it is known from the Early Senonian of West Germany, the late Senonian of the Polish Lvov region and the Maastrichtian of Limburg (Belgium), Kunrade (Holland) and Middle Vistula Valley of Poland (Abdel-Gawad 1986). Description of Danish material. Protoconch with three smooth and moderately convex, slowly expanding whorls. Initial two whorls nearly planispiral. Protoconch (of ØSM.10042-202-b) 1.55 mm in width and about 0.8 mm in height. Teleoconch low-spired with moderately convex spire whorls. Shell width corresponding to 80 % of the height. Last whorl bulbous, constituting approximately 90 % of the shell height. Base evenly rounded. Aperture narrowly elongated, height corresponding to around 70 % of shell height. Inner lip only partly preserved, wide, with at least six teeth. Teleoconch sculpture consisting of seven narrow and sharp spiral ribs of nearly equal strength on spire whorls. Last whorl with at least 16 near equal spiral ribs and more or less completely lacking tuberculation throughout. Growth lines nearly orthogonal to slightly opisthocline. Measurements. Specimen ØSM.10042-202 is a largely complete shell measuring about 5.9 mm in height and 5.2 mm in width. Remarks. The rare occurrence in the Danish deposits strongly suggests that Columbariella tuberculosa (Binkhorst, 1861) did not belong in this deep water muddy environment, but rather to a more shallow water firm-ground environment like that found in Holland, Belgium and Poland., Published as part of Hansen, Thomas, 2019, Gastropods from the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary in Denmark, pp. 1-196 in Zootaxa 4654 (1) on pages 101-102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4654.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3365803, {"references":["Binkhorst, J. J. - T. van den (1861) Monographie des gasteropodes et des cephalopodes de la craie superieure du Limbourg, suivie d'une description de quelques especes de crustaces du meme depot cretace, avec dix-huit planches dessinees et lithographiees par C. Hohe, de Bonn. Muquardt, Bruxelles and Muller Freres, Maastricht, 127 pp., 17 pls.","Abdel-Gawad, G. I. (1986) Maastrichtian non-cephalopod mollusks (Scaphopoda, Gastropoda and Bivalvia) of the Middle Vistula Valley, Central Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 36 (1 - 3), 69 - 224."]}

Gastropods constituted one of the most successful faunal groups in the Danish Basin around the Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K-Pg) boundary, both with regard to abundance and diversity. Only 19 species were known previously; this number is here increased to 140. The end-Cretaceous Danish fauna is represented by 79 taxa of which 85 % became extinct at the boundary. A new fauna of 72 species arose within a remarkably short time interval of less than half a million years. The extinction seems to have hit rather randomly with regard to feeding strategies, while geographical range stands out as the single most important factor in survivorship. The succeeding speciation was controlled by changes in substrate and food availability, where non-carnivores and taxa dependent on a hard substrate were replaced by hunting carnivores and mud-adapted taxa in response to the disappearance of the Cretaceous bryozoan mounds. The gastropod genus Loxotoma Fischer, 1885 is renamed as Palaeoloxotoma nom. nov. due to its junior synonymy with a moth. 38 new species are erected. These are Acirsa torensis n. sp., Acmaea selandica n. sp., Ageria laxa n. sp., Ageria skeldervigensis n. sp., Amaea alicae n. sp., Amaea stevniensis n. sp., Amaurellina ravni n. sp., Arene jakobseni n. sp., Ataphrus (Ataphrus) knoesensis n. sp., Bathrotomaria jakobseni n. sp., Ceratia rodvigensis n. sp., Cerithiella selandica n. sp., Cerithiopsis restemlongis n. sp., Claviscala minor n. sp., Coniscala umbilica n. sp., Cranopsis cretacea n. sp., Cylichna stevniensis n. sp., Dolicholatirus lorenzi n. sp., Epalxis? rosenkrantzi n. sp., Epetrium s.l. skeldervigensis n. sp., Eucycloscala gracilicostatus n. sp., Fusinus schnetleri n. sp., Mathilda dania n. sp., Mesalia danica n. sp., Opaliopsis carlsbergi n. sp., Pseudocochlespira transversa n. sp., Pseudotoma danica n. sp., Tatara pseudosassia n. sp., Tectus? indecorus n. sp., Temnotropis stevniensis n. sp., Thereitis carlsbergi n. sp., Thereitis cretacea n. sp., Thylacodes contendis n. sp., Unitas heinbergi n. sp., Vatopsis heinbergi n. sp., Vexillum? rosenkrantzi n. sp., Vexillum tenestolidum n. sp. and Zebinella selandica n. sp.

This is the accepted manuscript of the paper "First record of Mitrella psilla (Duclos, 1846) (Gastropoda: Columbellidae) in Italy", published as final paper in "Boll. Malacol., 55: 62-64 (1, 31/05/2019) In this work is reported the first report regarding the Mitrella psilla (Duclos, 1846) presence (in Lazio, Italy. Present sightings widen the known distribution of this species, commonly found just in West Africa (from Angola to Mauritania) and in Tunisia

Costoanachis cf. terebralis (Grateloup, 1834) (Fig. 6 A1, A2) cf. Nassa terebralis Grateloup, 1834: 271, no. 512. cf. Costoanachis terebralis ��� Landau et al. 2013: 188, pl. 28, fig. 11, pl. 66, fig. 8, pl. 67, fig. 1 (cum syn.). MATERIAL EXAMINED. ��� Sample F11: AMPG (IV) 2464-2466 (three specimens); sample F12: AMPG (IV) 2467 (one specimen). DIMENSIONS. ��� Maximum height: 5 mm. DISTRIBUTION. ��� Costoanachis terebralis, Early Miocene. NE Atlantic (Aquitanian-Burdigalian): France (Peyrot 1925; Lozouet et al. 2001); North Sea Basin (late Burdigalian-Langhian): the Netherlands (A.W. Janssen 1984), Germany (Stein et al. 2016). Costoanachis terebralis, Middle Miocene. NE Atlantic: France (Peyrot 1925; Landau et al. 2013); Proto-Mediterranean Sea: Turkey (Landau et al. 2013); Paratethys: Poland (Bałuk 1995), Austria (H��rnes 1852), Hungary (Strausz 1966). Costoanachis terebralis, Late Miocene. NE Atlantic: France, Portugal (Landau et al. 2013). Costoanachis cf. terebralis, Proto-Mediterranean Sea: Greece (this paper). REMARKS The specimens recovered from the present material are very close to Costoanachis terebralis (Grateloup, 1834), which is a rather widespread European species. Its members present morphological variations that mainly concern the width of the shell and the spacing of axial sculpture. The present specimens are on the more slender side of the morphology, most similar to the specimens described in A.W. Janssen (1984). It differs from C. corrugata (Brocchi, 1814) in having a smaller shell and no spiral sculpture, although some very inconspicuous spiral threads are observed between the axial ribs in a juvenile specimen from Felli. The protoconch is multispiral and dome-shaped, the corrosion of the recovered shells does not allow for a detailed description., Published as part of Thivaiou, Danae, Harzhauser, Mathias & Koskeridou, Efterpi, 2019, Early Miocene Gastropods from the Felli Section (Proto-Mediterranean Sea NW Greece), pp. 323-366 in Geodiversitas 41 (8) on page 342, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a8, http://zenodo.org/record/3700008, {"references":["LANDAU B. M., HARZHAUSER M., ISLAMOGLU Y. & DA SILVA C. M. 2013. - Systematics and palaeobiogeography of the gastropods of the middle Miocene (Serravallian) Karaman Basin, Turkey. Cainozoic Research 11 - 13: 3 - 584.","PEYROT A. 1925. - Conchologie neogenique de l'Aquitaine. Actes de la Societe linneenne de Bordeaux 77 (2): 51 - 194. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 47952687","LOZOUET P., LESPORT J. F. & RENARD P. 2001. - Revision des Gastropoda (Mollusca) du Stratotype de l'Aquitanien (Miocene Inf.): site de Saucats \" Lariey \", Gironde, France. Cossmanniana h. s.: 1 - 189.","JANSSEN A. W. 1984. - Mollusken uit het Mioceen van Winterswijk- Miste. Een inventarisatie, met beschrijvingen en afbeeldingen van alle aangetroffen soorten. Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, Nederlandse Geologische Vereniging & Rijkmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie, Amsterdam, 451 p.","STEIN G., MOTHS H., ALBRECHT F., HAVEKOST U. & FEHSE D. 2016. - Revision der Miozanen Molluskenfauna (Hemmoorium) von Werder bei Achim (Nordwest-Niedersachsen). Palaeofocus 5: 1 - 289.","BALUK W. 1995. - Middle Miocene (Badenian) gastropods from Korytnica, Poland; Part II. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 45 (3 - 4): 153 - 255.","HORNES M. 1852. - Die fossilen Mollusken des Tertiar-Beckens von Wien. Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt 3: 43 - 208.","STRAUSZ L. 1966. - Die Miozan-Mediterranen Gastropoden Ungarns. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 692 p.","BROCCHI G. 1814. - Conchiologia fossile subapennina, con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente 1. Stamperia Reale, Milano: 1 - 240. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 12001699"]}

Thivaiou, Danae, Harzhauser, Mathias, Koskeridou, Efterpi (2019): Early Miocene Gastropods from the Felli Section (Proto-Mediterranean Sea NW Greece). Geodiversitas 41 (8): 323-366, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a8

Genus Costoanachis Sacco, 1890 TYPE SPECIES. ��� Columbella turrita Sacco, 1890 (= Costoanachis saccostata Radwin, 1968), by original designation., Published as part of Thivaiou, Danae, Harzhauser, Mathias & Koskeridou, Efterpi, 2019, Early Miocene Gastropods from the Felli Section (Proto-Mediterranean Sea NW Greece), pp. 323-366 in Geodiversitas 41 (8) on page 342, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a8, http://zenodo.org/record/3700008, {"references":["SACCO F. 1890. - I molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria, 6. Volutidae, Marginellidae, Columbellidae. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 2 (40): 295 - 368."]}

Investigation of the types of Columbella albina Kiener, 1841 indicate that this species is a junior synonym of Graphicomassa ligula (Duclos, 1840), leaving the species typically identified as Graphicomassa albina (Kiener, 1841) without a name. The species is quite variable and has inspired a number of synonyms over the years; the oldest of these, Colombella adiostina Duclos, 1840, now becomes the basis for the valid name for this species. In this paper, Graphicomassa ligula and G. adiostina n. comb. are both discussed comparatively.

The objective of this study was to determine the structure of molluscan communities in shallow subtidal rocky bottoms of Acapulco, Mexico. Thirteen samplings were performed at 8 stations in 2012 (seven samplings), 2014 (four), and 2015 (two). The collection of the mollusks in each station was done at a maximum depth of 5 m for 1 h by 3 divers. A total of 2086 specimens belonging to 89 species, 36 families, and 3 classes of mollusks were identified. Gastropoda was the most diverse and abundant group. Calyptreaidae, Columbellidae, and Muricidae had >5 species, but Pisaniidae, Conidae, Fasciolariidae, and Muricidae had ≥15% of relative abundance. Most species found in this study were recorded in the rocky intertidal zone, and 10 species were restricted to the rocky subtidal zone. The affinity in the composition of the species during 2012-2015 had a low similarity (25%), but we could differentiate natural and anthropogenic effects according to malacological composition. In addition, 46% of the species recorded in this study are commercial fishing resources. We concluded that the rocky subtidal malacological fauna of Acapulco is highly diverse (89 species), and it has remained similar in space and time during this study.

We have compiled a complete list of new marine molluscan taxa introduced by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato (1841–1927). The dates of publication of every single work have been checked against available evidence, and an updated bibliography is also presented. Finally, the type material of all marine taxa expected to be in the collection Monterosato (presently preserved in the Museo Civico di Zoologia in Rome) has been searched in the main collection, and all retrieved specimens have been catalogued. A large majority of the material has been found, representative specimens of each taxon have been illustrated, and remarks on nomenclature and taxonomy have been provided yielding 42 new synonymies, 46 nominal taxa rediscovered, and 6 new combinations.

cuneata, Columbella [Columbella rustica (Linnaeus, 1758)] (Figures 20G, H) 1892c: 24, pl. 1 figs 12, 13 [XLIV: 1026, 1050, 1051, figs 12, 13]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–18594 —25 sh “ C. cuneata typ. Monts Spugne di Sfax!”// 6 sh “ C. cuneata albida M. Spugne”// 1 sh “ Columbella cuneata albina, Monts L. Spugne di Sfax!”// 4 sh “ var marmorata Monts, Spugne ” MCZR –M–18572 —56 sh “ Columbella cuneata, Monts Sponge de Sfax!” MCZR –M–21246 —9 sh “ C. cuneata Coste di Barbaria ” with attached vermetids, same as figured in the 1892 paper. Type locality. Described from coasts of Barberia (Tunisia). Remarks. Introduced without description, as the substrate of a vermetid, and then figured (with the binomen) in the plate of the vermetid revision. Settepassi (1985) figured 4 syntypes from Sfax as Columbella (Columbella) rustica cuneata Pallary ‘Monterosato’. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as taxon inquirendum. It is a form of the common Columbella rustica (Linnaeus, 1758)] [new synonymy]. hidalgoi, Mitrella [Mitrella broderipii (G. B. Sowerby I, 1844)] (Figures 20I, J) 1889d: 116 [XXXVI: 876]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–18486 —5 sh “ C. hidalgoi Monts. Cadix (Hidalgo) ”// 1 sh “ C. hidalgoi Monts Tanger 1–2 m.” label Pallary’s handwrite. Label on the bottom “Columb. hidalgoi Monts J. de C. 1889 p. 116 = Pall. J. de C. 1902 p. 11 pl. 1, f. 5, 6,7. Tanger et Cap. Spartel”. Type locality. Described from Casablanca and Tangier (Morocco), Cadiz (Spain). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Mitrella broderipii (G. B. Sowerby I, 1844)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652

Family COLUMBELLIDAE Swainson, 1840 Genus Astyris H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Astyris thermophilus n. sp. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:43FA9CFA-3756-4CBC-9861-41 FAF66397 B9 Type specimens. Holotype (Fig. 1A���D) [SH 8.5 mm, SD 4.3 mm, LW 4.1 mm], UMUT RM32644. Paratypes. #1 (Fig. 1E) [SH 8.3 mm, SD 4.5 mm, LW 4.6 mm], NSMT Mo 78990. #2 (Fig. 1F) [SH 7.4 mm, SD 4.2 mm, LW 4.1 mm], periostracum removed with diluted bleach to reveal fine sculpture, operculum and radula removed for SEM, UMUT RM32645. #3 [SH 7.1 mm, SD 4.0 mm, LW 4.0 mm], NSMT Mo 78991. #4 [SH 7.7 mm, SD 4.1 mm, LW 4.3 mm], NSMT Mo 78992. #5 [SH 6.5 mm, SD 3.7 mm, LW 3.9 mm], JAMSTEC 1140053525. #6 [SH 3.0 mm, SD 1.7 mm, LW 1.6 mm], juvenile with intact protoconch, UMUT RM32646. All type specimens fixed and stored in 99% ethanol. Type locality. Natsu hydrothermal vent site, Iheya North field, Okinawa Trough, Japan; 27��46.843���N, 126��54.024���E, 1074 m deep; 2014/Jan/24, collected by slurp gun, ROV HYPER- DOLPHIN Dive #1614, R/V KAIYO cruise KY14-01, principal scientist: Ken Takai. Additional material examined. Two specimens from type locality, fixed and stored in 99 % ethanol, used for genetic barcoding (tissue dissolved). Five specimens, live collected, fixed and stored in 99% ethanol. Aki hydrothermal vent site, Iheya North field, Okinawa Trough, Japan; 27��46.130���N, 126��54.159���E, 1087 m deep; 2014/Jan/25, collected by slurp gun, ROV HYPER- DOLPHIN Dive #1614, R/V KAIYO cruise KY14-01, principal scientist: Ken Takai. Etymology. From ��� Therm��s ��� (Greek), warm or hot, and ��� phil��ā ��� (Greek), love or affection; combined to mean heatloving, referring to its habitat in hydrothermal vent fields. Japanese Name. ��� Yomotsu-mugi-gai ���, meaning ���mitrid from the underworld���. Diagnosis. A moderate-sized (up to SH 8.5 mm) Astyris with rather tall-spired, uniformly white, thin, semitransparent shell; smooth including base, except 25 to 30 very fine spiral striae. Columella lacking columellar fold. Periostracum thin, greyish brown. Protoconch paucispiral. Radula stenoglossate with acuspate centre plate, three sharp cusps on each lateral. Description. Shell (Fig. 1A���F) moderate-sized for genus (up to SH 8.5 mm), rather tall-spired. Apex always decollate in adults, leaving at most three whorls remaining. Teleoconch thin, semi-transparent, uniformly white in colouration. Periostracum thin, greyish brown, earlier whorls slightly darker coloured. Often covered by further sulfide deposits. Teleoconch largely smooth except approximately 25 to 30 very fine, shallow, evenly spaced spiral striae present across entire whorl (see Fig. 1F), increasing in strength anteriorly towards siphonal canal. Striations on posterior half of shell usually too fine to detect when covered by periostracum. Whorls elevated, slowly expanding, slightly convex but not angulated. Suture distinct, shallowly constricted. Aperture entirely lacking dentition, semi-circular in shape, siphonate, approximately twice as tall as wide, posteriorly acuminate. Outer lip simple, not thickened, completely smooth on inside. Columella straight, simple, with slightly thickened callus. Siphonal canal short with weakly constricted but distinct siphonal notch. Protoconch (Fig. 1G) paucispiral, about 1.5 whorls, smooth, lacking velar sinus, sculpture or distinct growth lines. Transition edge between protoconch and teleoconch clearly marked by a varix. Suture of protoconch shallow, slightly higher than teleoconch. Operculum (Fig. 1H) corneous, small, length about half of aperture height. Lamellate with lateral nucleus on right often eroded away. Radula (Fig. 1I) stenoglossate, typical of columbellids with one lateral on each side separated by an acuspate centre plate instead of rachidian. Laterals sigmoid, well-supported, with three strong cusps. Two distal cusps sharper, longer, closer spaced compared to basal cusp. Centre plate rectangular, slightly wider posteriorly, without sculpture. Distribution and ecology. Only known from Natsu and Aki sites of the Iheya North hydrothermal field (Nakamura et al. 2015), mid-Okinawa Trough, Japan. Found in tubeworm bushes attached on the tubes, presumably a predator of other animals inhabiting the same habitat or alternatively it may be ovophagous and feed on eggs of other animals. Remarks. The present new species is assigned to genus Astyris as it matches well with the diagnosis for the genus given by McLean & Gosliner (1996), most notably by having a small, high-spired shell with smooth surface and a paucispiral protoconch (Garcia 2009). Of those species currently in Astyris, the new species most closely resembles A. permodesta (Dall, 1890) from methane seeps at Monterey Canyon and whale falls in California (Smith et al. 1989; Bennett et al. 1994) and A. atacamensis Araya, Catal��n & Aliaga, 2016 from northern Chile. Although A. permodesta has been reported also from off Callao, Per�� (Levin et al. 2002), this is likely in fact another record of A. atacamensis (Sellanes 2017). Both of these species are easily separable from A. thermophilus n. sp. as they have a thicker, broader shell with wider aperture and less constricted siphonal canal, as well as having spiral grooves on the base. The pronounced columellar fold seen in A. atacamensis and the lirae inside the outer lip are also lacking in A. thermophilus n. sp. Until the discovery of A. thermophilus n. sp., Astyris permodesta was the only other columbellid species known from deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems. Astyris thermophilus n. sp. is conchologically similar to Zemitrella cera Okutani, 1964 from 1000���3000 m deep off Izu Islands, Japan (Okutani, 1964; 2017), but differs by having spiral striation across the entire teleoconch whorl (sculpture is only present on the base in Z. cera) and a slightly longer siphonal canal. As the protoconch of Z. cera is unknown, it is not transferred to Astyris at this point. Furthermore, the new species is also very similar to a yet undescribed species reported from deep-water trawls and dredges carried out in northern Pacific coast of Honshu, Japan (Mitrella sp. 1 sensu Hasegawa, 2009: figs. 162���166), but differs from that species in the spiral striae on the teleoconch being less distinct and that the columella is always straight. At this point we cannot entirely dismiss the possibility that Mitrella sp. 1 (sensu Hasegawa, 2009) may be conspecific with Astyris thermophilus n. sp. and the morphological differences may be due to environmental factors. The phylogenetic reconstruction (Fig. 2) confirmed the placement of the present new species within Columbellidae. Its generic placement cannot be tested at present because sequences from other Astyris species were not available., Published as part of Chen, Chong, Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama & Araya, Juan Francisco, 2017, First columbellid species (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, discovered in Okinawa Trough, Japan, pp. 592-596 in Zootaxa 4363 (4) on pages 593-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.13, http://zenodo.org/record/1114841, {"references":["Nakamura, K., Kawagucci, S., Kitada, K., Kumagai, H., Takai, K. & Okino, K. (2015) Water column imaging with multibeam echosounding in the mid-Okinawa Trough: Implications for distribution of deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites and the cause of acoustic water column anomaly. Geochemical Journal, 49, 579 - 596. https: // doi. org / 10.2343 / geochemj. 2.0387","McLean, J. H. & Gosliner, T. M. (1996) Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and the Western Santa Barbara Channel. Vol. 9. Mollusca. Part 2. Gastropoda). Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA, 228 pp.","Garcia, E. F. (2009) A new Astyris species (Gastropoda: Columbellidae) from the Gulf of Mexico, with notes on the genus. Novapex, 10, 5 - 8.","Smith, C. R., Kukert, H., Wheatcroft, R. A., Jumars, P. A. & Deming, J. W. (1989) Vent fauna on whale remains. Nature, 341, 27 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 341027 a 0","Bennett, B. A., Smith, C. R., Glaser, B. & Maybaum, H. L. (1994) Faunal community structure of a chemotrophic assemblage on whale bones in the deep northeast Pacific Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 108, 205 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 108205","Araya, J. F., Catalan, R. & Aliaga, J. A. (2016) A new deep-water Astyris species (Buccinoidea: Columbellidae) from the southeastern Pacific. Zootaxa, 4139 (1), 140 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.1.11","Levin, L., Gutierrez, D., Rathburn, A., Neira, C., Sellanes, J., Munoz, P., Gallardo, V. & Salamanca, M. (2002) Benthic processes on the Peru margin: a transect across the oxygen minimum zone during the 1997 - 98 El Nino. Progress in Oceanography, 53, 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0079 - 6611 (02) 00022 - 8","Sellanes, J. (2017) Comments on \" A new deep-water Astyris species (Buccinoidea: Columbellidae) from the southeastern Pacific \" by Araya et al. 2016. Zootaxa, 4247 (1), 55 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4247.1.5","Okutani, T. (1964) Report on the archibenthal and abyssal gastropod Mollusca mainly collected from Sagami Bay and adjacent waters by the R. V. Soyo-Maru during the years 1955 - 1963. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, II, 15, 371 - 447.","Okutani, T. (2017) Marine Mollusks in Japan. 2 nd Edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 1382 pp.","Hasegawa, K. (2009) Upper bathyal gastropods of the Pacific Coast of northern Honshu, Japan, chiefly collected by R / V Wakataka- Maru. In: Fujita, T. (Ed.), Deep-sea Fauna and Pollutants off Pacific Coast of Northern Japan. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs, 39, pp. 225 - 383."]}

The effects of naturally acidified seawater on shell traits were quantified through the comparison of dove snails (Family: Columbellidae) Anachis misera from vent environments with Euplica sp. from non-vent sites in northeastern Taiwan. Samples of A. misera were collected around a shallow vent (24.8341° N, 121.96191° E), which included the east, south, southwest, and northwest sites. An absence of Anachis snails was found in the most acidic north site (pH 7.19–7.25). Based on the similarities of protein expression profiles, the Anachis snails were classified into two groups, i.e., V-South (pH 7.78–7.82) and V-Rest (pH 7.31–7.83). Comparing their shell traits to the non-vent Euplica sp. from Da-xi (DX) and Geng-fang (GF) (pH 8.1–8.2), a difference in shell shape (shell width : shell length) was found, with the populations having more globular shells than the non-vent ones. The means of shell width were significantly different among sites (p < 0.01), with a descending order of GF > DX > V-South and V-Rest. The relationships of shell length to total weight were curvilinear for both Anachis and Euplica snails. The logarithmically transformed slopes differed significantly among sites, and the mean body weight of the GF population was greater than that of the others (p < 0.01). Positive correlations between shell length and shell thickness of body whorl (T1) and penultimate whorl (T2) were only observed in non-vent GF and DX populations. Anachis snails from vent sites were thinner in T1 and T2 compared to the Euplica snails from non-vent sites (p < 0.05). Within each vent group, shell thickness between T1 and T2 was insignificantly different. Between vent groups, T1 and T2 from V-Rest showed a decrease of 10.6 and 10.2%, respectively, compared to V-South ones. The decrease of T1 and T2 between vent Anachis snails and non-vent Euplica snails was as great as 55.6 and 29.0%, respectively. This was the first study to compare snail's morphological traits under varying shallow-vent stresses with populations previously classified by biochemical responses. Overall, the shallow-vent-based findings provide additional information from subtropics on the effects of acidified seawater on gastropod snails in natural environments.

Columbella adansoni Menke, 1853 (Figs 6C, D; 7 G-H; 8A) Columbella Adansoni [sic] Menke, 1853: 74, 75. Columbella rufa Menke, 1853: 75. Columbella rustica var. azorica Drouët, 1858: 169. Columbella striata var. minor Dautzenberg, 1900: 183. TYPE MATERIAL. — Columbella adansoni: lectotype (Moolenbeek & Hoenselaar 1991) SMF. — Type locality: Cape Verde Islands. Columbella rufa: lectotype (Moolenbeek & Hoenselaar, 1991) SMF. — Type locality: Cape Verde Islands. Columbella rustica var. azorica: unknown (Moolenbeek & Hoenselaar, 1991). — Type locality: Azores. Columbella striata var. minor. — Type locality: Ilhéu Branco (Cape Verde Islands). DISTRIBUTION. — According to the data presented herein, Columbella adansoni ranges throughout Macaronesia, and is not present in continental African waters. DIAGNOSIS. — Shell of medium size for the family, 16-25 mm long, biconic/strombiform. Scale bars: 10 mm; G, H, L, not to scale. * Protoconch of 2.5-2.6 convex whorls, entirely covered by densely spaced microgranules; embryonic shell (protoconch I) of 0.8- 0.9 whorls, and larval shell (protoconch II) of 1.6-1.7 whorls; protoconch-teleoconch boundary marked by a sinusigera scar. Teleoconch of 7-9 almost straight-sided whorls, penultimate whorl slightly convex, body whorl rounded and inflated, about 2/3 to 3/4 shell length. Sculpture of nodulose axial ridges on the first whorls, fading after 2-3 whorls, and very weak, irregular spiral striae. Aperture narrow, elongate and sinuous. Outer lip angulate posteriorly in some, thickened, especially medially, with 13-16 denticles, and rust coloured markings between denticles. Columellar wall with two weak ridges medially; parietal wall with 5-7 denticles anteriorly, and rust coloured markings between. Siphonal canal open. Colour very variable, with white-whitish background and yellow, orange, brown, grey or black irregular spots, sometimes arranged into axial flames or sinuous bands. Periostracum thin, brown. Animal yellowish with tawny-orange spots, very dense on propodium, head and mantle; tip of cephalic tentacles white, siphon grey. Radula rachiglossate, with central tooth reduced to a slightly arched plate with no cusps. One pair of massive lateral teeth with a small, basal, outer cusp and a tall, sinuous inner primary cusp with three secondary cusps along the posterior edge: a narrow, pointed distal cusp, a flat central cusp slightly enlarged at the base, and a quadrangular and apically curved basal cusp. REMARKS Knudsen (1995) summarized his own (Knudsen 1950) and Gunnar Thorson’s (unpublished) notes on the egg capsules of C. adansoni from Cape Verde Islands and Canary Islands, respectively. The egg capsules contained 39- 73 eggs, c. 200 µm in diameter, developing into pelagic larvae attaining at metamorphosis 450 µm shell width (1000 µm length). Seven autapomorphic positions were scored in the COI sequences: 61 [G], 91 [G], 160 [C], 181 [T], 352 [C], 549 [A], 586 [T]., Published as part of Russini, Valeria, Fassio, Giulia, Modica, Maria Vittoria, deMaintenon, Marta J. & Oliverio, Marco, 2017, An assessment of the genus Columbella Lamarck, 1799 (Gastropoda: Columbellidae) from eastern Atlantic, pp. 197-212 in Zoosystema 39 (2) on pages 204-206, DOI: 10.5252/z2017n2a2, http://zenodo.org/record/5154118, {"references":["MENKE K. T. 1853. - Conchylien von St. Vincent mit kritischen Anmerkungen. Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie 10 (5 - 6): 67 - 80.","DROUET H. 1858. - Mollusques marins des Iles Acores. Memoires de la Societe academique de l'Aube 22: 53 p.","DAUTZENBERG P. 1900. - Croisiere du Yacht Chazalie dans l'Atlantique. Mollusques. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France 13: 145 - 265, pls 9 - 10.","MOOLENBEEK R. G. & HOENSELAAR H. J. 1991. - On the identity of Columbella rustica from West Africa and the Macaronesian Islands. Bulletin of the Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam 13 (6): 65 - 70.","LINNAEUS C. 1758. - Caroli Linnaei … systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis … Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae, Tome 1. Animalia. [Systema Naturae, 10 th Edition]. Stockholm, Sweden, v + 823 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","DUCLOS P. L. 1840. - Histoire naturelle generale et particuliere de tous les genres de coquilles univalves marines a l'etat vivant et fossiles, publiee par monographie; ou description et classification methodique de toutes les especes connues jusqu'a ce jour representees en couleur avec la figure et l'anatomie d'un assez grand nombre de Mollusques nouvellement decouverts, Genre Colombelle. Didot, Paris. 13 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 84659","KNUDSEN J. 1995. - Observations on reproductive strategy and zoogeography of some marine prosobranch gastropods (Mollusca) from the Azores. Acoreana, Supplement 1995: 135 - 158.","KNUDSEN J. 1950. - Egg capsules and development of some marine prosobranchs from tropical West Africa. Atlantide Report 1: 85 - 130."]}

Genus Astyris H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 Type species: Buccinum rosaceum Gould, 1840; subsequent designation, Fischer (1887: 638).

Astyris atacamensis new species Fig. 1 Type material. Holotype: SBNHM 460092 (H: 10.6, D: 6.7 and LW: 8.3 mm); paratypes: SBNHM 460093 (1 specimen), MPCCL 0 1062016 (4 specimens), MZUC 37641 (4 specimens), MNHNCL 202493 (7 specimens); all from the type locality. Type locality. 20 km NW off Huasco (28��14'93'' S; 71��17'50'' W, 404���409 m), Regi��n de Atacama, northern Chile. Leg. Ricardo Catal��n, February 3, 2000. Etymology. The specific name of Astyris atacamensis refers to presence of this species on the continental shelf of the Regi��n de Atacama, northern Chile. Diagnosis. Shell small (up to 11.1 mm long), thick, stout, with 4 to 5 rounded and slightly angulated whorls, often decollate; with sculpture of fine growth lines; spiral sculpture of very fine spiral grooves most noticeable on base of shell. Aperture wide, oval; outer lip sharp, in mature specimens with minute internal lirae; siphonal canal broad and straight. Description. Shell small (H 5.8 to 11.1 mm), thick, stout, with 4 to 5 weakly convex whorls; outline conic; sutures impressed. Measurements from fifty randomly chosen specimens: H 5.8���8.3��� 11.1 mm, D 3.5���5.3��� 7.1 mm, and height of last whorl 4.5���6.5��� 8.7 mm (minimum���average���maximum). Taking into account that most of the shells had the first whorls eroded, we could observe at most 5 whorls in the better preserved shells, with a bit over 4 whorls remaining in most specimens. Colour pale tan; earlier whorls slightly paler, showing indistinct spiral bands. Spire short, decollate, about two-fifths of total height; spire angle a bit less than 45��. Protoconch and early whorls eroded. Teleoconch smooth and slightly glossy, except for fine, irregular axial growth lines crossed by spiral sculpture of very fine, barely visible grooves; grooves cover almost entire exterior surface, coarsest and most noticeable on base. Last whorl large, about three-fourths of shell height, slightly convex, angulated near the base, concave below; maximum width at about one third from anterior end. Aperture prosocline, oval, slightly rectangular, posteriorly acuminate; aperture height slightly more than half of shell height. Parietal callus slightly thickened, concave. Outer lip sharp, simple, outline weakly convex, weakly concave over upper third, then swinging forwards weakly to suture; about 8 to 12 lirae inside outer lip; columella without denticles, callous. Siphonal canal short, very wide, anteriorly with rounded siphonal aperture. Distribution and habitat. Shells of this species (no live specimens) were found in greenish mud, from soft bottoms off Puerto Flamenco (28��14'93'' S; 71��17'50'' W), Regi��n de Atacama to off Tongoy (30��11'36''S; 71��33'25''W), Regi��n de Coquimbo, Chile, from depths of 180 to 470 m. A single specimen, recently collected from sediments of the Bah��a Inglesa Formation (Miocene to Pliocene) at Quebrada Blanca (27��03���55��� S; 70��47���30��� W), near Caldera, Chile may represent the oldest record for this species (Nielsen et al., unpublished). Remarks. All of the specimens examined have the apex eroded to varying degrees, all of them lacking the protoconch and part of the earlier whorls. The definite generic assignment is thus still preliminary, but they agree partially with the description given by Garcia (2009) for Astyris. The distinctive broad shell shape, with a wide siphonal canal, is quite distinctive and different from all the other known columbellid species from the southeastern Pacific. Astyris atacamensis sp. n. is similar in shell characters only to Astyris permodesta (Dall, 1890), a species described from deep water in the northeastern Pacific (Dall, 1890, Thorsson 2002). The new species differs from A. permodesta (Fig. 2) in shell shape (slightly angulated versus convex whorls), with a last whorl slightly concave in A. atacamensis and compressed below in A. permodesta (producing a differentiated/protruding siphonal canal in this species); in the thickness of shell and lip (thin in A. permodesta and thick in A. atacamensis; most visible at the upper end of outer lip), a slightly different aperture outline (product of the more convex last whorl in A. permodesta, slightly angulated in the new species), a thick columella (not callous in A. permodesta), in the presence of lirae in the interior border of the outer lip in the new species (absent in A. permodesta) and, particularly, in having a broader and less constricted siphonal canal, with a more pronounced columellar fold in the new species (absent in A. permodesta). Furthermore, the habitat of the new species also seems to differ from that of Astyris permodesta, which is unusual in that it has been described from reducing environments, recorded along with species of large vesicomyid bivalves of the genus Calyptogena Dall, 1891 (McLean, 1996). This new species thus represents the first record in Chile of the genus Astyris, previously unknown from the southeastern Pacific. Further sediment sampling in the area will probably reveal more molluscan species to be discovered and described, particularly micromollusks, as described by Araya & Geiger (2013)., Published as part of Araya, Juan Francisco, Catal��n, Ricardo & Aliaga, Juan Antonio, 2016, A new deep-water Astyris species (Buccinoidea: Columbellidae) from the southeastern Pacific in Zootaxa 4139 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/263488, {"references":["Garcia, E. F. (2009) A new Astyris species (Gastropoda: Columbellidae) from the Gulf of Mexico, with notes on the genus. Novapex, 10 (1), 5 - 8","Dall, W. H. (1890) Scientific results of explorations by steamer Albatross No. VII. Preliminary report on the collection of mollusca and brachiopoda obtained in 1887 - ' 88. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 12, 219 - 362. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.12 - 773.219","McLean, J. H., Gosliner, T. M., Scott, P. H., Blake, J. A. & Lissner, A. L. (1996) Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Vol. 9. The Mollusca. Part 2: The Gastropoda. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, 219 pp.","Araya, J. F. & Geiger, D. L. (2013) Cornisepta guzmani n. sp.: first species of genus confirmed from Pacific cold seep environments off central Chile (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Fissurellidae). Nautilus, 127, 115 - 118."]}

Amphissa acutecostata (Philippi, 1844) Fig. 14 h���j Fusus costulatus Cantraine, 1835 (p. 393). Buccinum acute-costatum Philippi, 1844 (p. 192, pl. 27, fig. 14). Columbella haliaeeti Jeffreys, 1867 (p. 356: 1867; pl. 88, fig. 3: 1869). Anachis costulata (Cantraine) auct. var. albula Jeffreys���Dautzenberg & Fischer 1896 (p. 436). Amphissa haliaeeti (Jeffreys, 1867) ��� Fretter & Graham 1984 (p. 462, fig. 321). Amphissa acutecostata (Philippi, 1844) ��� Bouchet & War��n 1985 (p. 165, figs. 392, 395���398); Poppe & Goto 1991 (p. 150, pl. 30, fig. 24); Beck et al. 2006 (p. 80, top fig.). Amphissa acutecostata (Phil., 1844) ��� Sabelli & Spada 1986 (p. 2, fig. 8). Amphissa acutocostata (Philippi, 1844) ��� Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. 2003 (p. 242, fig. 560); Repetto et al. 2005 (p. 193, top left fig.). Amphissa acutecostata (Philippi) ��� Di Geronimo et al. 2005 (fig. 3.4). Diagnostic characters. Ovately fusiform shell; narrowly oval aperture; lirations on the inner side of the outer lip; slightly flexuous thin axial ribs, 11���15 per whorl; dense spiral striae, stronger on base. Protoconch: conical; 3.5 whorls; diameter about 880 ��m (protoconch I: 310 ��m); height about 660 ��m; first 1.4 whorls (protoconch I) with densely set zig-zag spirals; subsequent whorls (protoconch II) with zig-zag spirals adapically and irregular axial bars abapically; transition to the teleoconch marked by an opisthocyrt lip. Remarks. Some of the Santa Maria di Leuca specimens are heavily worn and altered and presumably of Pleistocene age. They bear more and more sinuous axial ribs. According to CLEMAM (2016), A. acutecostata has a number of synonyms, amongst them Amphissa haliaeeti (Jeffreys, 1867) and Amphissa costulata (Cantraine, 1835, originally designated as Fusus costulatus, a name predated by F. costulatus Lamarck, 1822). Occurrence. Box-corer samples BC70 (1 specimen), BC72 (2); core BC05 (1). Maximum height: 7 mm. Distribution and habitat. Amphissa acutecostata is widely distributed on both sides of the northern Atlantic, from New Jersey to North Carolina and from Norway to southern Morocco, the Canaries, the Azores and the Mediterranean; it dwells on sandy and muddy bottoms in the 150���2800 m depth interval (Fretter & Graham 1984; Bouchet & War��n 1985; Poppe & Goto 1991; Pons-Moy�� & Pons 1999; Olabarria 2006). Fossil record. Pliocene of Northern Italy; Pleistocene of southern Italy (Bouchet & War��n 1985; Di Geronimo & La Perna 1997; Di Geronimo et al. 2005; Tabanelli 2008). Amphissa acutecostata was originally described on Pleistocene material from Calabria, Amphissa costulata on Tertiary material from Sicily., Published as part of Negri, Mauro Pietro & Corselli, Cesare, 2016, Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy), pp. 1-97 in Zootaxa 4186 (1) on pages 63-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4186.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/165288, {"references":["Philippi, R. A. (1844) Enumeratio molluscorum Siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium, quae in itinere suo observavit. Eduard Anton, Halle, IV + 303 pp.","Cantraine, F. J. (1835) Diagnoses ou descriptions succinctes de quelques especes nouvelles de mollusques. Bulletin de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-lettres de Bruxelles, 2 (11), 380 - 411.","Jeffreys, J. G. (1862 - 1869) British Conchology, or an account of the Mollusca which now inhabit the British Isles and the surrounding seas. J. Van Voorst, London, CXIV + 341 pp. (vol. 1, 1862), 479 pp. (vol. 2, 1864), 394 pp. (vol. 3, 1865), 487 pp. (vol. 4, 1867), 259 pp. (vol. 5, 1869). http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 22581","Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1896) Dragages effectues par l'Hirondelle et par la Princesse Alice 1888 - 1895. 1. Mollusques Gastropodes. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 9, 395 - 498.","Fretter, V. & Graham, A. (1984) The prosobranch molluscs of Britain and Denmark. Part 8 - Neogastropoda. The Journal of Molluscan Studies, supplement 15, 435 - 556.","Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1985) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Neogastropoda excluding Turridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Bollettino Malacologico, supplement 1, 121 - 296.","Poppe, G. T. & Goto, Y. (1991) European Seashells. Volume I. (Polyplacophora, Caudofoveata, Solenogastra, Gastropoda). Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 352 pp.","Beck, T., Metzger, T. & Freiwald, A. (2006) BIAS-Biodiversity inventorial atlas of macrobenthic seamount animals. OASIS Deliverable 25, Final Report, 124 pp.","Sabelli, B. & Spada, G. (1986) Guida illustrata all'identificazione delle conchiglie del Mediterraneo. Bollettino Malacologico, 22 (1 - 4), supplement, 1 - 4.","Giannuzzi-Savelli, R., Pusateri, F., Palmeri, A. & Ebreo, C. † (2003) Atlante delle conchiglie marine del Mediterraneo. Vol. 4 parte prima (Neogastropoda: Muricoidea). Evolver, Roma, 298 pp.","Repetto, G., Orlando, F. & Arduino, G. (2005) Conchiglie del Mediterraneo: 1770 specie illustrate con distribuzione e frequenza. Amici del Museo \" Federico Eusebio \", Alba, 392 pp.","Di Geronimo, I., Messina, C., Rosso, A., Sanfilippo, R., Sciuto, F. & Vertino, A. (2005) Enhanced biodiversity in the deep: Early Pleistocene coral communities from Southern Italy. In: Freiwald, A. & Murray Roberts, J. (Eds), Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems, Springer, Berlin, pp. 61 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 3 - 540 - 27673 - 4 _ 4","Lamarck, J. - B. M. de (1822) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Tome septieme. Published by the author, Paris, 711 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12712","Pons-Moya, J. & Pons, G. X. (1999) Noves dades sobre molluscs de profunditat del SW de Mallorca (Illes Balears, Mediterrania Occidental). Bolletin de la Societat d'Historia Natural de les Balears, 42, 39 - 46.","Olabarria, C. (2006) Faunal changes and bathymetric diversity gradient in deep-sea prosobranchs from northeastern Atlantic. Biodiversity and Conservation, 15 (11), 3685 - 3702. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10531 - 005 - 1344 - 9","Tabanelli, C. (2008) Associazioni di paleocomunita batiali a molluschi bentonici nel Pliocene della Romagna. Quaderno di Studi e Notizie di Storia Naturale della Romagna, 26, 1 - 80."]}

Zvonareva, Sofya, Kantor, Yuri (2016): Cheсklist of gastropod molluscs in mangroves of Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam. Zootaxa 4162 (3): 401-437, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.1

Pictocolumbella ocellata (Link, 1807) Figs 7 R–S Columbella ocellata Link, 1807: 94. Pictocolumbella ocellata: Thach 2005: 142, pl. 45, figs 28, 32; Poppe 2008b: 72, pl. 331, figs 13–17; Zvonareva et al. 2015: 9. Material examined. Dam Bay, mangrove plantation and natural mangroves, about 25 specimens. Abundance. Common. Measurements. Up 20 mm (Thach 2005). Ecological notes. On intertidal rocky bottom (Okutani 2000). In studied sites it was found on rocks and roots of mangrove trees in upper and mid intertidal zone. Relation to mangroves. Eurybiotic. Distribution in Vietnam. Central coast (Thach 2005). General distribution. Tropical IWP (OBIS 2016)., Published as part of Zvonareva, Sofya & Kantor, Yuri, 2016, Cheсklist of gastropod molluscs in mangroves of Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, pp. 401-437 in Zootaxa 4162 (3) on page 424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/254973, {"references":["Link, H. F. (1807) Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universitat zu Rostock. Abtheilung 3. Mollusken. Adlers Erben, Rosock, 160 pp.","Thach, N. N. (2005) Shells of Vietnam. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, 338 pp.","Poppe, G. T. (2008 b) Volume II: Philippine marine mollusks. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 848 pp.","Zvonareva, S., Kantor Yu., Xinzheng, L. & Britayev, T. (2015) Long-term monitoring of Gastropoda (Mollusca) fauna in planted mangroves in central Vietnam. Zoological studies, 54, 1 - 39.","Okutani, T. (2000) Marine Mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 1173 pp."]}

The specialized carnivorous conoidean Polystira comprises the largest marine snail species radiation in the neotropics with approximately 120 living species known and a rich neogene fossil record. Here we analyze its patterns of species richness, origination, and extinction over the past 12 My in the southwestern caribbean (SWC). Taxic analysis of a database comprising 3344 specimens and 114 species shows species richness and sampling intensity to co-vary over this interval. Richness is lowest in the late miocene (pre-NN11), then rises and remains approximately constant until the recent, when it rises sharply. No large peaks in fossil origination rates occur, though extinction rates may increase between 2 and 1 ma. Well-sampled extinct species had median durations of 0.8-1.75 My, but the large majority of species are rare, confined to one or a few horizons, and have durations of

helenae, Anachis Costa, 1983 Anachis helenae Costa, 1983: 95���98 (figs 1���3). Gastropoda, Columbellidae Holotype: MZSP 102531 (Fig. 5 E���F). Paratype 1: MZSP 102534. Paratype 2: MZSP 102539. Localities: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Niter��i off Boa Viagem Island, 22��54'43" S, 43��07'32" W, 8 m depth, Aug. 1979; 1���2) Brazil off Amap�� State, 56 m, 1 May 1968. Collectors: P. M. Costa; 1���2) R/V Almirante Saldanha. Preservation: Dry. All specimens including the holotype suffered the effects of Bynesian decay due to poor storage conditions prior to donation. Specimens were reconditioned according to the recommendations of Cavallari et al. (2014). Remarks: Former USU. The holotype was formerly catalogued as USU 215; paratype 1 as USU 237; paratype 2 as USU 238. The specimens listed above were donated to the MZSP in 2011., Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S��o Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 26, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/3840125, {"references":["Costa F. H. A. 1983. Anachis helenae, nova especie de Columbellidae do litoral brasileiro (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Anais da Sociedade Nordestina de Zoologia 1 (1): 95 - 99.","Cavallari D. C., Salvador R. B. & Cunha B. R. 2014. Dangers to malacological collections: Bynesian decay and pyrite decay. Collection Forum 28 (1 - 2): 35 - 46. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.14351 / 0831 - 0005 - 28.1. 35"]}