9,613 results on '"Colored"'
Search Results
2. An adaptive autoregressive pre-whitener for speech and acoustic signals based on parametric NMF.
- Author
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Jaramillo, Alfredo Esquivel, Nielsen, Jesper Kjær, and Christensen, Mads Græsbøll
- Subjects
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SPEECH , *TIME-of-arrival estimation , *MATRIX decomposition , *NONNEGATIVE matrices , *PARAMETER estimation , *REVERBERATION time - Abstract
A common assumption in many speech and acoustic processing methods is that the noise is white and Gaussian (WGN). Although making this assumption results in simple and computationally attractive methods, the assumption is often too simple and crude in many applications. In this paper, we introduce a general purpose and online pre-whitener which can be used as a pre-processor with methods based on the WGN assumption, improving their reliability and performance in applications with colored noise. The pre-whitener is a time-varying filter whose coefficients are found using a parametric non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), based on autoregressive (AR) mixture modeling of both the noise component and the signal component constituting the noisy signal. Compared to other types of pre-whiteners, we show that the proposed pre-whitener has the best performance, especially in applications with non-stationary noise. We also perform a large number of experiments to quantify the benefits of using a pre-whitener as a pre-processor for methods based on the WGN-assumption. The applications of interest were pitch estimation and time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation, where the WGN assumption is very popular. • A pre-processing scheme which renders noise closer to white is introduced. • The introduced pre-whitener simplifies the computations of parameter estimation in colored noise. • Pre-whitening based on parametric NMF offers benefit in nonstationary scenarios. • Pre-whitening is preferred over enhancement as a pre-processor for parametric pitch estimation. • Time of arrival estimation accuracy gets also benefit from pre-whitening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Polyethylene terephthalate-based colored emitters for efficient daytime radiative cooling
- Author
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Dan Meng, Wen-Zhuang Ma, Yu-Yao Cheng, Meng-Yang Xu, Xu-Chu Deng, Jing Liu, and Yu-Shan Chen
- Subjects
Radiative cooling ,Metal–insulator–metal ,Selective emitter ,Colored ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Passive daytime radiant cooling is the process of transferring excess heat to cold spaces. Conventional radiant-cooling devices are usually colored white or silver to achieve high reflectivity in the solar spectrum range; these devices are limited by the high cost of materials and the difficulty of their preparation. Herein, we present a color-tunable radiative cooler consisting of an Ag/SiO2/Ag layer reverse-vaporized on a high-emissivity polymer, namely, polyethylene terephthalate. Because of the materials’ optical properties and synergism, the radiative cooler exhibits a high selective emissivity of 85 % within an atmospheric transparency window. Outdoor experiments in Xiamen, Fujian Province, China showed that the prepared optical films can counter solar heating while achieving color and can realize cooling of up to 6.92 °C below the ambient temperature. This ability was demonstrated by calculating the net cooling power. In addition, the cooling performance of the developed device is better than that of commercial coatings in the same color family, making the use of these colored radiant coolers in the fields of architecture and electronics feasible.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Culture as a Colonial Hub: My reflections as a 'Coloured' [Woman] in PostApartheid South Africa.
- Author
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Arendse, Danille Elize
- Subjects
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IDENTITY (Psychology) , *GENDER , *STEREOTYPES , *RACIAL classification , *CULTURE , *DECOLONIZATION - Abstract
Africa is often overwhelmed with narratives that seek to devalue its location and its contribution to knowledge because of the reproduction of colonial knowledges. Consequently, the geopolitics of South Africa has created an awareness of the way that power spaces have impacted the identity formation of subjugated persons. This paper uses autoethnography to explore the author's legal racial classification as a 'Colored' [woman] in postApartheid South Africa. In addition, the author decided to bracket the word [woman] as symbolic of how colonialism and Apartheid were enacted to silence and disregard the gender of 'Colored' [women]. The author focuses on how her geographical location and culture have impacted on the negative stereotypes and perceptions surrounding her as a 'Colored' [woman]. The author's experiences are interpreted through decolonial feminism to illustrate how socio-spatial relations and ideas of culture have been saturated with colonial and Apartheid knowledges. The author references these spaces as colonial hubs to emphasize how the colonial and Apartheid epistemes are currently entrenched in her socio-spatial interactions. These oppressive epistemes are additionally responsible for colonizing the gender of 'Colored' [women] in South Africa. Moreover, the author draws attention to these colonial hubs to advance the call to decolonize such spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. PV-EncoNet: Fast Object Detection Based on Colored Point Cloud
- Author
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Jianwei Niu, Jiahe Cui, Mohsen Guizani, Xiaoyun Dong, and Zhenchao Ouyang
- Subjects
Computer science ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Point cloud ,Frame rate ,Object detection ,Computer Science Applications ,Colored ,Robustness (computer science) ,Server ,Automotive Engineering ,Computer vision ,Point (geometry) ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Edge computing - Abstract
Object detection is the most critical and foundational sensing module for the autonomous movement platform. However, most of the existing deep learning solutions are based on GPU servers, which limits their actual deployment. We present an efficient multi-sensor fusion based object detection model that can be deployed on the off-the-shelf edge computing device for the vehicle platform. To achieve real-time target detection, the model eliminates a large number of invalid point clouds through ground filtering algorithm, and then adds texture information (fused from camera image) through point cloud coloring to enhance features. The proposed PV-EncoNet efficiently encodes both the spatial and texture features of each colored point through point-wise and voxel-wise encoding, and then predicts the position, heading and class of the objects. The final model can achieve about 17.92 and 24.25 Frame per Second (FPS) on two different edge computing platforms, and the detection accuracy is comparable with the state-of-the-art models on the KITTI public dataset (i.e., 88.54% for cars, 71.94% for pedestrians and 73.04% for cyclists). The robustness and generalization ability of the PV-EncoNet for the 3D colored point cloud detection task is also verified by deploying it on the local vehicle platform and testing it on real road conditions.
- Published
- 2022
6. Color TV: Postcolonial Concerns and "Colored" Television Audiences in South Africa.
- Author
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BRADFIELD, SHELLEY-JEAN
- Subjects
TELEVISION viewers ,ESSENTIALISM (Philosophy) ,RACISM ,TELEVISION programmers & programming - Abstract
As the first postapartheid television show to exclusively address "coloreds," Color TV, a variety comedy show, participates in the postcolonial objective of dismantling historical racial hierarchies in South Africa. Yet contradictory responses by "colored" viewers to the focus on working-class experiences expose fault lines in this democratizing project. Identity theories of strategic essentialism and creolization explain how working-class viewers embraced the realism of Color TV that they felt legitimized the significance of their role in the nation, while middle-class viewers perceived the images as too restrictive yet simultaneously identified proudly as "colored." The uneven reception of Color TV highlights the significance of addressing intersectional identities (of race and class) in television programming to expand inclusion of minority groups in multicultural nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
7. The coloured Tverberg theorem, extensions and new results
- Author
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Duško Jojić, Rade T. Živaljević, and Gaiane Panina
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Discrete mathematics ,Mathematics::Combinatorics ,Colored ,General Mathematics ,Discrete Morse theory ,Equivariant map ,Configuration space ,Mathematics::Algebraic Topology ,Mathematics - Abstract
We prove amultiple coloured Tverberg theoremand abalanced coloured Tverberg theorem, applying different methods, tools and ideas. The proof of the first theorem uses a multiple chessboard complex (as configuration space) and the Eilenberg–Krasnoselskii theory of degrees of equivariant maps for non-free group actions. The proof of the second result relies on the high connectivity of the configuration space, established by using discrete Morse theory.
- Published
- 2022
8. Grayscale Enhancement Colorization Network for Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification
- Author
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Wenxin Huang, Xian Zhong, Mang Ye, Xuemei Jia, Tianyou Lu, and Chia-Wen Lin
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Modality (human–computer interaction) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Process (computing) ,Grayscale ,Re identification ,Image (mathematics) ,Transformation (function) ,Colored ,Media Technology ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Generator (mathematics) - Abstract
Visible-infrared person re-identification (VI-ReID) is an emerging and challenging cross-modality image matching problem because of the explosive surveillance data in night-time surveillance applications. To handle the large modality gap, various generative adversarial network models have been developed to eliminate the cross-modality variations based on a cross-modal image generation framework. However, the lack of point-wise cross-modality ground-truths makes it extremely challenging to learn such a cross-modal image generator. To address these problems, we learn the correspondence between single-channel infrared images and three-channel visible images by generating intermediate grayscale images as auxiliary information to colorize the single-modality infrared images. We propose a grayscale enhancement colorization network (GECNet) to bridge the modality gap by retaining the structure of the colored image which contains rich information. To simulate the infrared-to-visible transformation, the point-wise transformed grayscale images greatly enhance the colorization process. Our experiments conducted on two visible-infrared cross-modality person re-identification datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-arts.
- Published
- 2022
9. Propagation of singularities for the stochastic wave equation
- Author
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Yimin Xiao and Cheuk Yin Lee
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Applied Mathematics ,Probability (math.PR) ,Mathematical analysis ,MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS ,Law of the iterated logarithm ,increments ,Space (mathematics) ,Wave equation ,symbols.namesake ,Colored ,Gaussian noise ,Modeling and Simulation ,FOS: Mathematics ,symbols ,Gravitational singularity ,stochastic wave equation ,singularities ,Gaussian process ,Mathematics - Probability ,law of the iterated logarithm ,Mathematics - Abstract
We study the existence and propagation of singularities of the solution to a one-dimensional linear stochastic wave equation driven by an additive Gaussian noise that is white in time and colored in space. Our approach is based on a simultaneous law of the iterated logarithm and general methods for Gaussian processes. (C) 2021 TheAuthor(s). Published by ElsevierB.V.
- Published
- 2022
10. Color neighborhood union conditions for proper edge-pancyclicity of edge-colored complete graphs
- Author
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Fangfang Wu, Tingting Han, Binlong Li, and Shenggui Zhang
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,Colored ,Applied Mathematics ,Path (graph theory) ,Complete graph ,Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics ,Monochromatic color ,Edge (geometry) ,Mathematics ,Vertex (geometry) - Abstract
Let G be an edge-colored complete graph on n vertices such that there exist at least n distinct colors on edges incident to every pair of its vertices. In this paper, we first show that every edge of G with n ≥ 6 k − 19 is contained in a properly colored cycle of length k . Further, we prove that if G contains no monochromatic triangles, then there exists a properly colored path of length l for every 1 ≤ l ≤ n − 1 between each pair of vertices of G and every vertex of G is contained in a properly colored cycle of length k for any 3 ≤ k ≤ n .
- Published
- 2022
11. Impact of light-colored paint materials on discomfort in a building for hot-dry climate
- Author
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R.N. Singh and Mohan Rawat
- Subjects
Outdoor temperature ,Summer season ,Meteorology ,Colored ,Solar gain ,Environmental science ,Thermal comfort ,Reflective surfaces ,Roof ,Dry climate - Abstract
India is a tropical country with diverse climates, and thermal adaption plays a significant role in sustaining thermal comfort in non-conditioned buildings. Indoor air temperature is taken as the main parameter for thermal comfort in buildings, which is very high in western India and creates uncomfortable for occupant. Thermal comfort is a primary need inside the buildings from a human health perspective. Roof structure and the color of the exterior surface affect the thermal comfort of the buildings in a hot-dry climate. Roof contributes maximum heat gain towards the outdoor temperature wave amplitude and time lag in non-conditioned buildings during summer. Three commercially available reflective paints or coatings were selected and used in the simulation to assess the performance of a non-conditioned building. In this paper, we present the evaluation of the discomfort index (DI) and Tropical Summer Index (TSI) for the summer season (April and May).The comfort hours achieved using cool roof coatings were 12–17 hours more than the base case or conventional roof used in a hot-dry climate. The tropical summer index (TSI) was found adequate within its comfort range (27.5 °C) for roofs with surface coatings than a base case roof slab.
- Published
- 2022
12. Dye Waste: A significant environmental hazard
- Author
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Arushi Garg and Lalita Chopra
- Subjects
Environmental hazard ,Adsorption ,Colored ,law ,Environmental science ,Inorganic materials ,Substrate (printing) ,Water pollution ,Pulp and paper industry ,Filtration ,law.invention - Abstract
Dyes are the substances that are used to impart color to textiles, fabrics, leather, or other materials. These are such colored substances that bond chemically to any substrate to which they are being applied. Any fabric’s attraction is its color. Regardless of how great its development is, if not colored as expected to be, it will fall flat as a business material. Therefore, the turn of events and utilization of manufactured colors for texture coloring has formed into a multibillion-dollar industry. In actual, humanity has known about the specialty of adding color to texture since 3500 BCE. They look attractive after coloring but their waste is toxic to the environment. Scientists, then again, are worried about their toxic nature. Engineered colors adversely affect all parts of life. Dyes have harmful effects upon water bodies as much waste from industries goes to rivers, lakes, etc. which ultimately causes water pollution. So, quick prevention measures need to be taken for saving the environment from dye waste. This paper likewise tells the classification and toxicity of some synthetic dyes and provides a brief idea about present methods for the removal of dyes from the environment which includes adsorption, chemical precipitation, inorganic materials usage, membrane filtration, and ion exchange. It also provides aspects affecting adsorption of color like arrangement pH, adsorbent portion, and temperature.
- Published
- 2022
13. Influence of temperature on the electrochemical coloration process and properties of the AISI 304 and 430 colored stainless steel
- Author
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Eduardo Nunes, Vanessa de Freitas Cunha Lins, Rosa Maria Rabelo Junqueira, Andreia Rocha Canella Carneiro, Geovane Martins Castro, and Jaqueline Lacerda da Silva
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Materials science ,Colored stainless steel ,Mining engineering. Metallurgy ,Metallurgy ,Interference film ,Metals and Alloys ,TN1-997 ,Electrochemistry ,Nanoindentation ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Biomaterials ,Colored ,Scientific method ,Nanohardness ,Ceramics and Composites ,Wettability - Abstract
The influence of temperature on the speed of an electrochemical coloration process of AISI 304 and AISI 430 stainless steel was investigated in temperature ranging from 25 °C to 40 °C. The surface properties of the interference colored nanofilms obtained in both types of stainless steel substrates, were also evaluated. A higher coloring speed was observed for AISI 304. The coloring time to obtain a gold color decreased with increasing temperature for both steels. This effect was stronger on the AISI 430 substrate, with a decrease of 36.6% in the coloration time for the samples colored at 40 °C and 25 °C. The Arrhenius model was applied to estimate the equations of colored films growth rate. The films porous fractions evaluated by SEM were in the range of 27–29%, without relevant variation with the coloring temperature. The nanohardness of the conjugated film-substrate obtained in a nanoindenter coupled to an AFM shows lower values than the uncolored substrates, and this reduction is more significant for the films grown on the AISI 430 ferritic specimens. The wettability of the surface to water and oil increased after coloring. The amplification effect of the hydrophilic effect can be associated with the increased AFM nanorugosity values.
- Published
- 2022
14. Tоксични елементи у воштаним и дрвеним бојицама за децу: процена биодоступности
- Author
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Jelena Trisic, Svetlana Djogo-Mracevic, Nikola Mitrovic, Slavica Razic, and Danijela Djukic-Cosic
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Detection limit ,Chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Bioavailability ,Colored ,Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy ,Environmental chemistry ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Leaching (metallurgy) ,Inductively coupled plasma ,European union ,media_common - Abstract
Crayons and colored pencils for children may contain toxic elements (TEs) exhibiting potential risk for children’s health including cognitive deve- lopment, after their ingestion, through mouthing and chewing and eventually, their accumulation. The aim of this study was to determine total content of As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni and Sb and estimate their bioaccessibility conducting artificial saliva extraction. Sixty samples of colored pencils and crayons from 10 manu- facturers were analyzed. Microwave acid assisted digestion followed by induct- ively coupled plasma optical spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was performed for deter- mination of total content of TEs. Simulation of extraction by artificial saliva was applied to get more reliable data when bioavailability is concerned. The total concentrations of TEs were higher in colored pencils than in crayons and their maximum levels were: 5.78, 9.36, 9.97, 0.615, and 6.63 mg kg -1 for As, Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni, respectively. Concentration of Sb was below the detection limit for all investigated samples. This study showed that concentration of As and Pb in several samples did not comply with European Union regulative. Bioaccessibility study showed the high degree of leaching of Cr and As from pencils, but regardless of extracted portions, concentrations of selected inves- tigated TEs were below allowed levels. Уобичајена навика деце да оловке жваћу или држе устима може довести до осло- бађања евентуално присутних токсичних елемената и њиховог уношења у организам. Већина таквих елемената, захваљујући великом кумулативном потенцијалу, представ- љају потенцијални ризик по здравље деце ометајући, пре свега, њихов когнитивни раз- вој. Циљ овog рада био је одређивање укупног садржаја As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni и Sb у узор- цима дрвених и воштаних бојица, те проценa њихове биодоступности. Испитивано је укупно 60 узорака бојица, различитих боја, 10 различитих произвођача. Узорци су при- премани методом микроталасне дигестије, а за процену биодоступности примењена је екстракција вештачком саливом. Садржај испитиваних елемената je одређиван методом индуктивно спрегнуте плазме оптичке емисионе спектрометрије (ICP-OES). Укупан садржај свих испитиваних елемената је био већи у дрвеним него у воштаним бојицама и максималне измерене концентрације (mg kg -1 ) износе: 5,78 (As); 9,36 (Pb); 9,97 (Cr); 0,615 (Cd); 6,63 (Ni). Садржај Sb је за све испитиване узорке нижи од границе детекције. Добијени резултати су показали да концентрација As и Pb у неколико узорака бојица није у сагласности са важећом регулативом Европске Уније. Испитивање биодоступ- ности токсичних елемената је показало да су As и Cr лако екстрактабилни, али неза- висно од процента екстракције садржај свих испитиваних елемената у екстрактима веш- тачке саливе је нижи од дозвољених вредности.
- Published
- 2022
15. The structure of 2-colored best match graphs
- Author
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Annachiara Korchmaros
- Subjects
Applied Mathematics ,Structure (category theory) ,Graph theory ,Orientation (graph theory) ,Combinatorics ,Colored ,FOS: Mathematics ,Enumeration ,Topological sorting ,Mathematics - Combinatorics ,05C20 ,Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics ,Point (geometry) ,Combinatorics (math.CO) ,Acyclic orientation ,MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS ,Mathematics - Abstract
Recent investigations in computational biology have focused on a family of 2-colored digraphs, called 2-colored best match graphs, which naturally arise from rooted phylogenetic trees. Actually the defining properties of such graphs are unusual, and a natural question is whether they also have properties which well fit in structural graph theory. In this paper, we prove that some underlying oriented bipartite graphs of a 2-colored best match graph are acyclic and we point out that the arising topological ordering can efficiently be used for constructing new families of 2-colored best match graphs., Comment: 16 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2006.04100 Section 4.1 is added which contains two new propositions
- Published
- 2021
16. Colored filters enhancing visual evoked potential (VEP) response in multiple sclerosis
- Author
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Naveen K. Yadav and Valerie L. Quan
- Subjects
Multiple Sclerosis ,Eye Diseases ,Colored ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Evoked Potentials, Visual ,Humans ,Medicine ,Evoked potential ,business ,medicine.disease ,Neuroscience ,Optometry - Published
- 2022
17. Lighting the Patient Room of the Future: Evaluating Different Lighting Conditions From the Patient Perspective
- Author
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Craig Zimring, Jennifer R. DuBose, Gabrielle C. Campiglia, Robert G. Davis, and Andrea M. Wilkerson
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Computer science ,Perspective (graphical) ,Applied psychology ,Temperature ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Simulated patient ,law.invention ,LED lamp ,Patient room ,Naturalness ,Colored ,law ,Patients' Rooms ,Synchronization (computer science) ,Humans ,Lighting - Abstract
Objective: This study explores whether “future” lighting systems that provide greater control and opportunity for circadian synchronization are acceptable to participants in the role of patients. Background: Tunable, dimmable light emitting diode systems provide multiple potential benefits for healthcare. They can provide significant energy savings, support circadian synchronization by varying the spectrum and intensity of light over the course of the day, address nighttime navigation needs, and provide user-friendly control. There is an emerging understanding of the important visual and nonvisual effects of light; however, important questions remain about the experience and acceptability of this “future” lighting if we are to adopt it broadly. Methods: Volunteer participants (34) performed a series of tasks typical of patients, such as reading or watching a video, in a full-scale simulated inpatient room. Each participant conducted these tasks under 12 lighting conditions in a counterbalanced order that included varying illuminance levels, correlated color temperatures (CCTs), and in a few conditions, saturated colors. The participants rated each lighting condition on comfort, intensity, appropriateness, and naturalness. Results and Conclusions: The participants found that conditions with CCTs of 5,000 K and higher were significantly less comfortable and less natural than conditions with lower CCTs. Conditions with lighting distributed in multiple zones in the patient room were viewed more favorably than a traditional overbed configuration. The participants in this simulated patient study reacted negatively to colored lighting on the footwall of the room but found a mixture of warmer and cooler luminaire CCTs acceptable.
- Published
- 2021
18. Nutritional components of colored paprika
- Author
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Jung Sun Hong, Hee-Don Choi, Yun-Sang Choi, Min-Cheol Kang, Jeong Hee Choi, and A-Reum Ryu
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Vitamin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Colored ,Chemistry ,Food science - Published
- 2021
19. Colored optic filters on c‐Si IBC solar cells for building integrated photovoltaic applications
- Author
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Andres Calcabrini, Miro Zeman, Guangtao Yang, Olindo Isabella, Paul Procel, Juan Camilo Ortiz Lizcano, Rudi Santbergen, and Andrea Ingenito
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c-Si Solar Cells ,Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Photovoltaic system ,BIPV ,solar energy ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Solar energy ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Colored ,color perception ,Optoelectronics ,performance assessment ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Building-integrated photovoltaics ,business ,colored modules - Abstract
Building Integrated Photovoltaic systems can produce a significant portion of the energy demand of urban areas. Despite their potential, they remain a niche technology that architects and project engineers still find esthetically limited. The dark blue or black color of standard photovoltaic panels is considered inappropriate for restoration projects of historic buildings and represents a major constraint on the development of new projects. This work will provide insight into how the use of optic filters can offer new pathways for architectural acceptance of photovoltaic panels. Optic filters selectively reflect or transmit light by interference and can be designed and fabricated using cost-effective and industrially compatible processes. By using in-house developed ray tracing software coupled with TCAD Sentaurus, more than 400 colors were obtained, and their impact on the opto-electrical performance of interdigitated back-contacted solar cells was studied. Results show a maximum efficiency loss of 1.6% absolute at the perpendicular incidence of light on the range of obtained colors when compared with a standard dark blue solar cell. Simulations for different angles of incidence showed that the current reduction on the standard device could be modeled using a cosine relationship. The colored cells, however, deviated significantly from this relationship. We propose that the angular behavior of any cell (colored or standard) could be simulated by modifying the effective irradiance with scaling factors equal to the ratios of the photogenerated current at any angle with respect to the value at normal incidence. We demonstrate that this approach accurately models the effect of the color filter and allows for an easy transition from a bare cell to an encapsulated one. Due to the spectral effect of the filter, we developed both a spectrally resolved optical model and a two-dimensional finite volume transient thermal model. In case of the optical model, we demonstrate an accuracy in the prediction of the reflectance produced by the color with values of mean bias error (MBE) between 2.0% and 3.9%. As for the thermal model, it was validated by first analyzing a standard model under conditions of nominal operating cell temperature and then comparing its results with published scientific literature. Later, we compare its prediction against 2 weeks of measurements. In both cases the thermal model proves an adequate accuracy, yielding differences below 1.5°C with respect to other scientific works and an MBE value of 0.89°C as well as a root-mean-square error value of 2.10°C for the entire measurement period. With the validated models, we studied the effect of the encapsulation on the color perception. We present two options of color filters. The first one produces relatively low reflectance losses and presents relative annual direct current (DC) energy losses of up to 6.4% for Delft, in the Netherlands, and up to 5.9% for Alice Springs in Australia. However, this first option has very poor color brightness. The second studied filter produces highly saturated bright colors. Improving brightness can increase the annual DC relative losses up to 13.7% and 13.5% for Delft and Alice Springs, respectively. Overall, we demonstrate that colored filters based on multilayer optical stacks are a versatile option for coloring cells that allow a good compromise between esthetics and performance.
- Published
- 2021
20. Effect of Snakehead Fish Nugget and Colored Fruit Juice on Immune Response (CD4, TLC, and Leukocytes) in People Living with HIV (PLWHIV)
- Author
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Ginta Siahaan, Iceratnalela Siregar, Jujuren Sitepu, and Urbanus Sihotang
- Subjects
Vitamin ,biology ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Albumin ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Snakehead ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Immune system ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,chemistry ,Colored ,medicine ,Fruit juice ,Food science - Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus attacking the body's defense system in people living with HIV (PLHIV), such as Cluster Of Differentiation 4 (CD4), Leukocytes, and Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC). People infected with HIV require adequate macro and micronutrients to improve their quality of life. The content of protein, albumin, zinc, and bioactive substances contained in food ingredients can increase the immune response. Snakehead fish nuggets are rich in Albumin and Zn, while colored fruit juice contains bioactive substances and is high in Vitamin C. This study aimed to determine the impact of snakehead fish nuggets and colored fruit juices on CD4, leukocytes, and TLC in PLHIV in Medan. This research was a Quasi Experiment with a pre and post-test design. The sample represented an entire population of 36 people from all residents of the Rehabilitation Center and was then given the treatment of snakehead fish nuggets and colored fruit juices for 22 days. The data analysis was performed using the T-dependent test after the data were normally distributed. The results showed a treatment impact on CD4, leukocytes, and TLC in PLHIV with a p-value
- Published
- 2021
21. New records of the Bi-colored Frog, Clinotarsus curtipes (Jerdon 1853) (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae), from the northern Western Ghats, India
- Author
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Amrut R. Bhosale, Omkar V. Yadav, and Sujith V. Gopalan
- Subjects
Clinotarsus ,Colored ,Zoology ,General Medicine ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2021
22. Structural Colored Fabrics with Brilliant Colors, Low Angle Dependence, and High Color Fastness Based on the Mie Scattering of Cu2O Spheres
- Author
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Yue Wu, Zhipeng Meng, Yaqun Han, Suli Wu, and Shufen Zhang
- Subjects
Thin layers ,Materials science ,Colored ,Scattering ,Mie scattering ,High color ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,Structural coloration ,Photonic crystal ,Rubbing - Abstract
Compared with conventional textile coloring with dyes and pigments, structural colored fabrics have attracted broad attention due to the advantages of eco-friendliness, brilliant colors, and anti-fading properties. The most investigated structural color on fabrics is originated from a band gap of multilayered photonic crystals or amorphous photonic structures. However, limited by the nature of the color generation mechanism and a multilayered structure, it is challenging to achieve structural colored fabrics with brilliant noniridescent colors and high fastness. Here, we propose an alternative strategy for coloring a fabric based on the scattering of Cu2O single-crystal spheres. The disordered Cu2O thin layers (
- Published
- 2021
23. A note on equitable Hamiltonian cycles
- Author
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Tim Ophelders, Roel Lambers, Tjark Vredeveld, Frits C. R. Spieksma, QE Operations research, RS: GSBE Theme Data-Driven Decision-Making, RS: FSE DACS Mathematics Centre Maastricht, Applied Geometric Algorithms, Algorithms, Geometry and Applications, Discrete Mathematics, and Combinatorial Optimization 1
- Subjects
Colored complete graphs ,Polynomial time algorithm ,Applied Mathematics ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Complete graph ,Local search ,021107 urban & regional planning ,0102 computer and information sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Edge (geometry) ,01 natural sciences ,Hamiltonian path ,PERFECT MATCHINGS EXTEND ,Combinatorics ,symbols.namesake ,PATHS ,Colored ,010201 computation theory & mathematics ,Equitable Hamiltonian cycle ,symbols ,Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics ,Local search (constraint satisfaction) ,Hamiltonian (control theory) ,Mathematics - Abstract
Given a complete graph with an even number of vertices, and with each edge colored with one of two colors (say red or blue), an equitable Hamiltonian cycle is a Hamiltonian cycle that can be decomposed into two perfect matchings such that both perfect matchings have the same number of red edges. We show that, for any coloring of the edges, in any complete graph on at least 6 vertices, an equitable Hamiltonian cycle exists.
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- 2021
24. Assessment of the effect of colored beverage on gastric returns after gastric tube replacement to enhance placement verification
- Author
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Valerie Reed, Sara Marroquin, and Carol McGinnis
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Gastrostomy ,Retrospective review ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Surgery ,Beverages ,Patient safety ,Enteral Nutrition ,Oral ingestion ,Colored ,Gastrostomy tube ,Humans ,Medicine ,Tube (container) ,business ,Intubation, Gastrointestinal ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
BACKGROUND Verification of appropriate placement of newly replaced gastrostomy tubes is essential prior to use to avoid potentially serious adverse events. PROBLEM A lack of standardized guidance regarding effective and practical means to verify placement exists. Aspiration or drainage of gastric-like contents is one mean suggested to help determine placement, yet when returns are minimal, this becomes challenging. MATERIALS, METHOD, INTERVENTION Oral ingestion or the instillation of a colored beverage prior to tube replacement was used in a midwestern healthcare clinical setting to enhance returns in both volume and color via the newly replaced gastrostomy tube. A retrospective review of this practice was conducted, which included 176 gastric tube replacements over 4 years. RESULTS A significant increase in volume of returns via the newly replaced tube was noted (P < .001) and a strong correlation of color to the ingested or consumed beverage was found with 95% of returns reflecting color tinting of the beverage or in many cases, strong color change to that of the beverage color. CONCLUSION Presented is a simple, cost-effective method that has shown to be clinically useful in assessing placement of newly replaced gastrostomy tubes that may be useful in other practices and settings.
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- 2021
25. Effects of different colorants on service performance for colored asphalt pavement in cold regions
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Xinxin Fu, Yanjun Chen, Tengjiang Yu, and Minggang Sun
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Colored ,Asphalt pavement ,Iron oxide yellow ,Asphalt ,Materials Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Composite material ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films - Abstract
Purpose The service performance for colored asphalt pavement is inevitably affected by the addition of different colorants, especially the challenge of low temperature environment in cold regions. Therefore, the purpose of study is to explore the effects of different colorants on the service performance for colored asphalt pavement and to provide a foundation for improving the applicability of colored asphalt pavement in cold regions. Design/methodology/approach In the study, three kinds of colorants (iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide green) were used to compare the influence of different colorants amounts and different colorants kinds on the service performance for colored asphalt pavement in cold regions. According to the characteristics of low temperature in cold regions, the effects of different colorants on the low temperature performance for colored asphalt pavement were studied. Findings The study shows that different colorants have different effects on the service performance of colored asphalt pavement. The high temperature performance increases with the increase of the colorants amount, but the low temperature performance is opposite. Additionally, the yellow colored asphalt pavement has more advantages of low temperature adaptation than the red and green colored asphalt pavement. Originality/value The study results provide a certain theoretical foundation for the application of colored asphalt pavement in cold regions and have certain value and significance for the further development of colored asphalt pavement.
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- 2021
26. Screening antioxidant capacity of Mexican maize (Zea mays L.) landraces with colored grain using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods
- Author
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Ma. Teresa Sumaya-Martínez, Orlando Ramírez-García, Alberto Santillán-Fernández, and Yolanda Salinas-Moreno
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ABTS ,Physiology ,DPPH ,Plant physiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pigment ,Antioxidant capacity ,Proanthocyanidin ,Colored ,chemistry ,visual_art ,Anthocyanin ,Genetics ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Food science ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
The antioxidant capacity (AC) of pigmented cereal grains is associated with their nutraceutical value. The AC of grain from a diverse panel of maize genotypes with phenolic pigments was investigated. Our aims were to measure the AC of maize accessions with blue purple and red grain using the ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods, and to determine which method was most sensitive to variation in phenolic grain compounds. Grain from 116 maize landraces with blue purple (BPMG), cherry red (CRMG) and brick red grain (BRMG) colors was used. Total soluble phenolics (TSP), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and proanthocyanidins (PAs) were determined. The TSP fraction was used to evaluate the AC of the maize accessions. The AC in BPMG and CRMG was highly related to TAC, whereas in BRMG it was associated with TSP. The highest variation in AC in each maize grain color was observed using the ABTS method, and the least variation was obtained by the DPPH method. The color of maize grain did not determine its AC, since samples with high AC were identified in all three groups. The most sensitive methods to detect variation in TAC with BPMG and CRMG maize were ABTS and FRAP, whereas for BRMG, the FRAP method was the most sensitive to variation in TSP.
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- 2021
27. Preparation and properties of semi-alicyclic colorless polyimide films and light-colored sheets with low dielectric features for potential applications in optoelectronic integrated circuits
- Author
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J. G. Liu, X. X. Zhi, Y. Zhang, X. Y. Wei, L. Wu, X. M. Zhang, H. L. Wang, and Y. C. An
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,low dielectric constant ,Polymers and Plastics ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,semi-alicyclic polyimide ,Chemical technology ,Organic Chemistry ,thermal properties ,Dielectric ,TP1-1185 ,Optoelectronic integrated circuits ,tailor made polymers ,Alicyclic compound ,chemistry ,Colored ,Materials Chemistry ,TA401-492 ,Optoelectronics ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,business ,low dissipation factors ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,Polyimide - Abstract
Colorless and transparent polymer films and sheets with good high-temperature resistance and low dielectric constant (low-Dk) and low dissipation factors (low-Df) features are highly desired in advanced optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEIC) fabrications. In the current work, a series of semi-alicyclic polyimide (PI) powders were first prepared by the onestep high-temperature polycondensation of an alicyclic dianhydride, hydrogenated 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (HBPDA) and aromatic diamines which were beneficial for endowing the derived PI films with low-Dk features, including 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane (BAPP) for PI-1, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane (BDAF) for PI-2, and 9,9-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]fluorene (BAOFL) for PI-3. Then, the derived PI powders were fabricated into colorless films and light-colored sheets, respectively. The freestanding flexible and tough PI films showed excellent optical transparency with the ultraviolet (UV) cutoff wavelength (λcut) lower than 300 nm, the optical transmittance higher than 85% at the wavelength of 400 nm, yellow indices (b*) lower than 1.0, and haze values lower than 1.2%. The hot-processed PI sheets also exhibited light colors. The PI films and sheets showed good thermal stability with the glass transition temperatures (Tg) higher than 220 °C. More importantly, the derived semi-alicyclic PI sheets showed Dk and Df values as low as 2.56 and 0.008 at 1 MHz, respectively.
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- 2021
28. Effect of digitally generated colored filters on Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test by red-green color vision-deficient observers
- Author
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Keiko Sato and Shunnma Saito
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Colored ,Green color ,business.industry ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test ,Mathematics - Published
- 2021
29. Recurrence Relations and Asymptotics of Colored Jones Polynomials
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Tatiana Vladimirovna Dudnikova, D N Tulyakov, and Alexander Ivanovich Aptekarev
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Pure mathematics ,Recurrence relation ,General Mathematics ,Volume conjecture ,Computer Science::Digital Libraries ,Hyperbolic volume ,Knot (unit) ,Colored ,Computer Science::Programming Languages ,Computer Science::Symbolic Computation ,Algebra over a field ,High order ,Complement (set theory) ,Mathematics - Abstract
Abstract We consider $$q$$-difference equations for colored Jones polynomials. These sequences of polynomials are invariants for the knots and their asymptotics plays an important role in the famous volume conjecture for the complement of the knot to the $$3$$d sphere. We give an introduction to the theory of hyperbolic volume of the knots complements and study the asymptotics of the solutions of $$q$$-recurrence relations of high order.
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- 2021
30. Synthesis and characterization of multi-colored pigments of LiRE(MoO4+δ)2 (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd, Er) with high near-infrared reflectance
- Author
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Wenqi Xie, Yu Xiao, Jinqing Chen, Bin Huang, Luo Feng, and Xiaoqi Sun
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Materials science ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Rare earth ,Analytical chemistry ,Crystal structure ,Alkali metal ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Pigment ,Solar reflectance ,Colored ,visual_art ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Near infrared reflectance ,Hue - Abstract
Multi-colored pigments based on rare earth (RE) with the formula of LiRE(MoO4+δ)2 (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd, Er) were developed via the solid-state reaction method. Related characterization techniques were used for investigating the crystal structure, morphology characteristic, reflecting property, and color performance of the synthesized pigment. The prepared pigment of LiRE(MoO4+δ)2 (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd, Er) shows four colors, namely orange-yellow (Ce), bright green (Pr), lavender (Nd) and pink (Er). Moreover, all of the pigments possess high NIR reflectance in the range of 95–98% at 1100 nm. Remarkably, the average NIR reflectance of LiCe(MoO4+δ)2 pigment reaches up to 95.28%, and the NIR solar reflectance is also up to 95.02%. Besides, the pigment of LiCe(MoO4+δ)2 exhibits good yellow hue (b* = 75.08). The application practical of LiCe(MoO4+δ)2 coated on galvanized sheet exhibits excellent coloring performance. The designed pigments show chemical stabilities in the acid/alkali testing. All of above, the superior performances of color and reflectance from LiRE(MoO4+δ)2 provide visual enjoyment for people and exhibit potential for energy savings.
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- 2021
31. FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF BINDER AND FINE AGGREGATE ON THE COLOR OF COLORED MORTAR
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Hiroshi Jinnai and Yoshiyuki Koyama
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Fundamental study ,Materials science ,Aggregate (composite) ,Colored ,Architecture ,Building and Construction ,Composite material ,Mortar - Published
- 2021
32. Color printing on pre-colored textiles
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Jan Morovic, Peter Morovic, and Sergio Etchebehere
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Colored ,Computer graphics (images) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Art ,Color printing ,media_common - Published
- 2021
33. MgF2 as abundant and environmentally friendly electrolytes for high performance electrochromic devices
- Author
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Shuliang Dou, Xi Chen, Jiupeng Zhao, Lebin Wang, Yao Li, Yingming Zhao, Wenjie Li, and Xiang Zhang
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Materials science ,All solid state ,Electrochromic ,Metal ions in aqueous solution ,02 engineering and technology ,Electrolyte ,010402 general chemistry ,Electrochromic devices ,01 natural sciences ,Transmittance ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,business.industry ,Smart window ,Non-blocking I/O ,Metals and Alloys ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Environmentally friendly ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Colored ,TA401-492 ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Private state - Abstract
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) can regulate the indoor solar radiation by adjusting optical transmissive properties, showing great commercial potential and important social value of green energy saving. However, the unsafety and high cost of Li+ based electrolyte hinder the large-scale and industrialized production of ECDs. Other metal ions have been used as electrolyte ions, but they are rarely reported in all solid state ECDs. In this study, MgF2 film is used as the solid electrolyte to construct all solid state ECD with the structure of glass/ITO/WO3/MgF2/NiO/ITO. The ECD shows the large optical modulation (∼83% at 820 nm, with 100 s durations) and fast response (19.2 s for bleaching and 8.3 s for coloring, with 25 s durations). Moreover, the ECD achieves the extreme transmittance value of colored states Tc ≈ 0%, which can give an absolute private state. This work not only indicates that MgF2 film can be an alternative to Li+ based electrolyte in all solid state ECDs, but also broadens the applications of all solid state EC smart windows to private buildings.
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- 2021
34. The Interlocking Matrix of Oppression: A Reading of the Nameless Women in Ntozake Shange’s For Colored Girls and Dina Soliman’s Al-ʾArayis
- Author
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Silvia Elias
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Oppression ,Literature ,Matrix (mathematics) ,Colored ,business.industry ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Reading (process) ,Art ,business ,Interlocking ,media_common - Published
- 2021
35. Spectral Description of Cellulose Textile Colored with Date Pits Extract: Study of the Fluorescence Characters
- Author
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Naoufel Ben Hamadi and Ahlem Guesmi
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Textile ,Polymer science ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Ornamental horticulture ,Industrial chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Fluorescence ,Elsevier Biobase ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Colored ,Drug Discovery ,Environmental Chemistry ,Cellulose ,business ,Material chemistry - Abstract
This work purposes to evaluation the fluorescence parameters of cellulose dyed with date pits extract. Fluorescence measurements have been advanced on cellulose models before and later dyeing. The emission spectrum of the nondyed cellulose fibers not demonstrate any bond and, in the opposing, dyed cellulose sample existing important photoluminescence characters and the maximum value was noted at 672 nm.
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- 2021
36. Performance of JAXA’s SGLI standard ocean color products for oceanic to coastal waters: chlorophyll a concentration and light absorption coefficients of colored dissolved organic matter
- Author
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CAMPBELL, Janet W., HOOKER, Stanford B., STEINMETZ, Francois, MATSUOKA, Atsushi, OGATA, Kazunori, HIRATA, Takafumi, HIGA, Hiroto, KUWAHARA, Victor S., ISADA, Tomonori, SUZUKI, Koji, HIRAWAKE, Toru, ISHIZAKA, Joji, and MURAKAMI, Hiroshi
- Subjects
Second-generation GLobal Imager (SGLI) ,Chlorophyll a ,Mean squared error ,IOPS ,Oceanography ,Atmospheric sciences ,Chlorophyll concentration ,Reflectivity ,Bidirectional forward model ,Colored dissolved organic matter ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Colored ,Oceanic to coastal waters ,Ocean color ,Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) ,In-water algorithms ,Environmental science ,Global change observation mission-climate (GCOM-C) ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) - Abstract
Accepted: 2021-08-30, 資料番号: PA2210059000
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- 2021
37. Preparation and evaluation of antimicrobial thiadiazol azo disperse dyes as colored materials in digital transfer printing ink for printing onto polyester fabric
- Author
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Hamada Abd El-Wahab, Ahmed A. Elhenawy, Ali A. Ali, Salem S. Salem, and M.M. Elsawy
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Polyester ,Printing ink ,Materials science ,Colored ,Chemical engineering ,Inkwell ,Transfer printing ,Materials Chemistry ,Antimicrobial ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films - Abstract
Purpose Paper aims to preparation of new acid disperse dyes based on thiadiazol derivatives and evaluation of their use as antimicrobial colorants in digital transfer-printing ink formulations for printing onto polyester fabric substrates. Design/methodology/approach New disperse dyes based on 1,3,4 - thiadiazol derivative (dyes 1–3) were prepared and evaluated by different analysis then formulated as colored materials in the ink formulations. The viscosity, dynamic surface tension and particle size distribution of the prepared inks were measured. The printed polyester fabric substrates were tested using a variety of tests, including light fastness, washing, alkali perspiration and Crock fastness, as well as depth of penetration. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out at the Becke3-Lee-Yang-parr (B3LYP) level using the 6–311** basis set, and the biological activity of the prepared disperse dyes was investigated. Findings The obtained results of the physical of the prepared ink revealed that thiadiazol disperse ink is a promising ink formulation for polyester printing and agrees with the quality of the printed polyester fabric. The optimization geometry for molecular structures agreed with the analysis of these compounds. The HOMO/LUMO and energy gap of the studied system were discussed. The molecular docking analysis showed strong interaction with DNA Gyrase and demonstrated to us the high ability of these inks to act as antimicrobial agents. Practical implications The prepared inks containing the prepared thiadiazol disperse dye were high-performance and suitable for this type of printing technique, according to the results. The prepared inks resist the growth of microorganisms and thus increase the ink's storage stability. Originality/value The prepared disperse dyes based on 1,3,4 - thiadiazol derivative (dyes 1–3) can be a promising colorant in different applications, like some types of paint formulations and as a colorant in printing of different fabric substrates.
- Published
- 2021
38. Effects of Colored Shade Nets on Grapes and Leaves of Shine Muscat Grown under Greenhouse Conditions
- Author
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Xiangjing Yin, Qian Zha, Xiaojun Xi, Yani He, Jiuyun Wu, and Aili Jiang
- Subjects
biology ,Greenhouse ,Ripening ,Horticulture ,Photosynthesis ,biology.organism_classification ,Vitis labruscana ,Colored ,Soluble solids ,Shading ,Aroma ,Food Science ,Mathematics - Abstract
Greenhouse grapes are often ripened at very high temperatures in the south of China; however, high temperatures are detrimental to their ripening. In order to moderate the strong light and high temperature conditions of the growing environment, different color shade nets (green, blue, and black) were used to cover Shine Muscat (Vitis labruscana L.H. Bailey × V. vinifera L.) grapes during the ripening period. Differences in the cooling effect, fruit appearance and taste, and leaf photosynthetic performance were analyzed. It was found that the shading treatment exerted a significant cooling effect, and the light transmittance of blue and green shade nets was significantly higher than that of the black shade net. Shine Muscat grapes grown under shading treatment conditions were found to have more consistent total soluble solid content and coloring. Shading was found to affect the aroma of grapes, but the effect of the green shade net treatment was lower. The shading treatments slightly alleviated the senescence of old leaves. The shading treatments were found to improve the consistency of Shine Muscat grape berries. Of the shading treatments, the green and blue shade nets were found to be most effective and can be used to cultivate high quality grapes.
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- 2021
39. Colored and Luminescent Silk
- Author
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Subrata Das and Josephine David
- Subjects
Materials science ,SILK ,Colored ,Polymer science ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Luminescence - Published
- 2021
40. Colored Anti-Hail Nets Modify the Ripening Parameters of Nebbiolo and a Smart NIRS can Predict the Polyphenol Features
- Author
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Giorgio Masoero and Alberto Cugnetto
- Subjects
Colored ,Chemistry ,Polyphenol ,food and beverages ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Ripening ,Food science ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
In the cultivation of vines the risk of hail appears to be increasing with the ongoing climate change. The use of protective plastic nets is spreading, but there is little knowledge on the additional processing costs and on the phenological and qualitative consequences, moreover, as depending on different colors of the nets. Thus, a randomized trial was carried out in Nebbiolo, a wine of great aging, testing three plastic anti-hail nets colored in green, gray and black. Results showed that 24% more-time was necessary for the canopy management practices under the nets. The black nets advanced the ripening process, with a berry weight decrease of about 13%. A significant decrease in the seed number per berry was observed under the black nets (-45%), while a rise (+102%) was observed under the green and gray nets with a parallel increase in the pH of the juice (+13%) and in malic acid (+28%) under the green nets. The berry skin did not show any significant differences in polyphenol and anthocyanin profiles, while the plants that matured in the upper part of the vineyard showed higher level in the berry skin extractable flavan-reactive to vanillin, and total polyphenol. On the other hand, in the seeds grown under green nets an increase in the extractable polyphenol compounds was observed, sign of a delay in seed ripening, with a higher tannin polymerization ratio, preserving the malic acid, and decreasing the acidity of the berry. In conclusion, the use of colored green may be a useful tool against excessive microclimatic warming and / or irradiation. The field internal variability affects much more the ripening dynamics than the nets used. A second aim was to develop a smart NIR SCiOTM model for polyphenols and the results were in line with the favorable expectations, providing R2 predictions of about 0.74 from the skin and 0.81 from the seeds.
- Published
- 2021
41. In vitro evaluation of tooth-colored yttria stabilized zirconia ceramics
- Author
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Hilal Turkoglu Sasmazel, Ahmet Ozan Basar, Melis Kaplan Akarsu, Jongee Park, and Abdullah Ozturk
- Subjects
biomedical applications ,cell culture ,Materials science ,Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass ,y2o3 ,zro2 ,TP785-869 ,Colored ,visual_art ,Ceramics and Composites ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Ceramic ,tooth ,Composite material ,Yttria-stabilized zirconia - Abstract
Effects of MoCl3 and NiCl2, originally incorporated as coloring agent, on the cellular response of 3 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP) ceramics was investigated. MoCl3 and NiCl2-MoCl3 incorporated, tooth-colored 3Y-TZP ceramics were produced through cold isostatic pressing at 100 MPa followed by pressureless sintering at 1450°C for 2 h. Aging was performed on the sintered ceramics using distilled water in a reactor at 134°C at 2.3 bar pressure for 2 h. The phases developed during different stages of processing were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. In vitro cell culture studies were carried out using L929 fibroblast cell line. The cell viability and proliferation studies revealed that none of the specimens showed cytotoxicity with respect to coloring. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) analyses suggested that all of the specimens exhibited good in vitro cytocompatibility. Enhancement in cell attachment, adhesion, and proliferation was observed in all specimens via scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Although the coloring process did not improve the proliferation performance of the aged specimens, the incorporation of transition metals enhanced the in vitro performance of 3Y-TZP ceramics.
- Published
- 2021
42. STUDYING SOME OF THE MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COLORED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
- Author
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Mohammed Ali Abdulrehman and Mohammed H. Mahmud
- Subjects
Materials science ,Colored ,Geopolymer cement ,Composite material - Abstract
This study has been done to study the physical and mechanical characteristics of colored geopolymer concrete by adding two types of pigments yellow (iron oxide hydroxide) and blue (cobalt) with three additional proportions for each of the listed colors (0,2, 4, 6% wt), some materials which are available in the native market and other materials imported from outside of the country. The experimental investigation has dealt with the fresh properties(slump) of the colored geopolymer concrete mixes as well as some of the mechanical and physical characteristics of the hardened concrete by testing specimens in compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, Rebound number (RN), and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). In addition to that, Finding a relationship between the destructive (strength of compressive) and (RN and UPV) tests. Show us that (2% wt) pigment percentage gives the best results.
- Published
- 2021
43. Two-valued number pyramids
- Author
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Helmut Kastenholz
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,Base (group theory) ,Colored ,General Mathematics ,Pyramid ,Block (permutation group theory) ,State (functional analysis) ,Nearest integer function ,Value (mathematics) ,Binomial coefficient ,Mathematics - Abstract
Number pyramids are common in elementary school mathematics. Trying to express the value of the top block in terms of the values at the base leads to the binomial coefficients. It also seems natural to ask for the maximal number of odd numbers in a number pyramid of a given size. The answer is easy to state, but the proof is nontrivial: A $$k$$ k step number pyramid can have at most $$\left\lfloor\frac{k(k+1)+1}{3}\right\rfloor$$ k ( k + 1 ) + 1 3 odd numbers, which equals two thirds of the number of blocks rounded to the nearest integer. All maximal and almost maximal solutions are given explicitly. To this end, we rephrase the question in terms of colored tilings. In the outlook we present relations to other—mostly geometric—subjects and problems.
- Published
- 2021
44. Using wind vanes to study how thrips reach colored traps
- Author
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David Ben-Yakir and C. Jorge Carvalho
- Subjects
Horticulture ,biology ,Thrips ,Colored ,Insect Science ,Thripidae ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Western flower thrips ,Wind speed - Published
- 2021
45. The Redevelopment of the Nova Scotia Home for Colored Children: A Case for Trauma-Informed Urban Planning Practices
- Author
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Alexandra Kitson and Lisa Berglund
- Subjects
Nova scotia ,Planning process ,Scholarship ,Colored ,Restorative justice ,Urban planning ,Field (Bourdieu) ,Redevelopment ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Sociology ,Public administration - Abstract
The field of urban planning and its scholarship, while acknowledging harmful development practices for marginalized groups, has not directly engaged in alternative, trauma-informed planning process...
- Published
- 2021
46. Fast structural global registration of indoor colored point cloud
- Author
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Lin Wang, Chen Wang, Chunming Li, and Yuhua Xu
- Subjects
Computer science ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Point cloud ,Ambiguity ,Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design ,Computer graphics ,Set (abstract data type) ,Colored ,Histogram ,Computer vision ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Limit (mathematics) ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Rotation (mathematics) ,Software ,media_common - Abstract
The indoor scenes usually exhibit strong structural regularity; on the other hand, the local geometric features are scarce and difficult to be distinguished. The properties make the solutions of the existing global registration algorithms ambiguous. In addition, finding global optimal solution is usually computationally expensive. These problems make the global registration of indoor point clouds a challenging task. Based on the Manhattan-world assumption and color information, we propose a fast and effective algorithm for the global registration of indoor colored point clouds in this paper. We introduce the Manhattan-world assumption into the global registration of indoor point cloud to limit the number of all possible rotation solutions. As a result, our algorithm solves the problem very fast. Furthermore, we utilize the color information hierarchically to eliminate the ambiguity induced by the structural models. The limited rotation set is filtered by the global color histograms, and the final solution is evaluated by the local features. The experiments demonstrate that our algorithm can complete the global registration for the point clouds with hundreds of thousands of points in 0.1 second with comparable accuracy with others.
- Published
- 2021
47. Tensor pooling-driven instance segmentation framework for baggage threat recognition
- Author
-
Salman Khan, Naoufel Werghi, Samet Akcay, Mohammed Bennamoun, and Taimur Hassan
- Subjects
Hierarchy ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Pooling ,Pattern recognition ,Grayscale ,Colored ,Artificial Intelligence ,Tensor (intrinsic definition) ,Clutter ,Computational Science and Engineering ,Segmentation ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Software - Abstract
Automated systems designed for screening contraband items from the X-ray imagery are still facing difficulties with high clutter, concealment, and extreme occlusion. In this paper, we addressed this challenge using a novel multi-scale contour instance segmentation framework that effectively identifies the cluttered contraband data within the baggage X-ray scans. Unlike standard models that employ region-based or keypoint-based techniques to generate multiple boxes around objects, we propose to derive proposals according to the hierarchy of the regions defined by the contours. The proposed framework is rigorously validated on three public datasets, dubbed GDXray, SIXray, and OPIXray, where it outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by achieving the mean average precision score of 0.9779, 0.9614, and 0.8396, respectively. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first contour instance segmentation framework that leverages multi-scale information to recognize cluttered and concealed contraband data from the colored and grayscale security X-ray imagery.
- Published
- 2021
48. <scp>Multiscale</scp> decomposition and fusion‐based color contrast restoration for various water‐colored environments
- Author
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Sivamani Kalyana Sundara Rajan and Nedumaran Damodaran
- Subjects
Multiscale decomposition ,Fusion ,Colored ,Computer science ,Underwater imaging ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Computer vision ,General Chemistry ,Artificial intelligence ,Color contrast ,business - Published
- 2021
49. Colorado Mineral Artist Safaa Yu (b. 1985)
- Author
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Susan Robinson
- Subjects
Art world ,Colored ,Stratigraphy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Art history ,Economic Geology ,Geology ,Art ,media_common - Abstract
Just about everyone is familiar with colored pencils. However, this medium was not widely accepted in the art world until near the end of the twentieth century. In fact, it was in 1990 when the Col...
- Published
- 2021
50. Investigation of wafers used as paper binding in the academician von Struve manuscripts
- Author
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A. V. Kurochkin, D. V. Pankin, S. Rongonen, А. Povolotckaia, L. Rylkova, T. Tkachenko, А. Mikhailova, N. Dovedova, and Evgenii Borisov
- Subjects
Archeology ,Prussian blue ,Materials science ,Massicot ,Polymer science ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Conservation ,Absorbance ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Colored ,chemistry ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,symbols ,Wafer ,Raman spectroscopy ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Spectroscopy ,Hue - Abstract
This work is devoted to the study of the composition of such a characteristic object for the 17–19 centuries as wafers, which were used to join sheets of paper in documents or to seal letters. Owing to the limited information in the literature and possible degradation processes that may occur with them in this paper, the modern optical techniques were applied to gain information about them. As the object of the investigation the wafers found in the hand-written documents of Academician Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (Vasily Yakovlevich Struve 1793–1864) were chosen (Fund number 721, the RAS Archive, Saint-Petersburg branch, Struve V.). Besides the common way it was found that a large number of colored wafers were used to join several sheets in one composite elongated document and also to make correction on top of what was written. As the part of a major task aimed at maintaining the fund documents dated 19th century and the stability of the used joining wafers in particular the Raman and UV–Vis absorbance spectroscopies were applied in order to investigate wafers chemical composition. It was found the use of two different types of pigments for orange hues. One of them is cinnabar and another one is made up of red lead and massicot mixture. The Prussian blue was used for wafers with dark blue hue and as a mixture with massicot for green hue. According to UV–Vis absorbance spectroscopy it was found the use of anthraquinone type pigment for the red, rose and purple hues. The presence of the wafers with different base materials were determined by means of the Raman spectroscopy, namely of the vegetable (presumably starch) and protein (presumably gelatin) origin. The obtained results were compared with the data available in the previous researches, including the recipes given in the publications of the 19th century.
- Published
- 2021
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