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695 results on '"Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)"'

1. Transcriptional adaptation of Mycobacterium ulcerans in an original mouse model: New insights into the regulation of mycolactone

Author: Robbe-Saule, Marie, Foulon, Mélanie, Poncin, Isabelle, Esnault, Lucille, Varet, Hugo, Legendre, Rachel, Besnard, Alban, Grzegorzewicz, Anna, Jackson, Mary, Canaan, Stéphane, Marsollier, Laurent, Marion, Estelle, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Biomics (C2RT), Centre de Ressources et de Recherche Technologique - Center for Technological Resources and Research (C2RT), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Mycobacteria Research Laboratories [Fort Collins, CO, États-Unis], Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology [Fort Collins, CO, États-Unis], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)-Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant ANR-15-IFEC-0006], Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant ANR- 16-CE12-0023], Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale [Equipe FRM], Region Pays de la Loire [Grant Starter], Fondation Raoul Follereau, INSERM., ANR-15-IFEC-0006,BU_SPONT_HEAL,Transcriptome Analysis of Animal Models of Spontaneous Healing of Buruli Ulcer(2015), ANR-16-CE12-0023,MYCOPARADOX,Dissection de l'architecture génétique des réactions paradoxales dans la Lèpre et l'Ulcère de Buruli(2016), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut Pasteur [Paris], ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire d'ingénierie des systèmes macromoléculaires (LISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Varet, Hugo, Transcriptome Analysis of Animal Models of Spontaneous Healing of Buruli Ulcer - - BU_SPONT_HEAL2015 - ANR-15-IFEC-0006 - Infect-ERA - VALID, and Dissection de l'architecture génétique des réactions paradoxales dans la Lèpre et l'Ulcère de Buruli - - MYCOPARADOX2016 - ANR-16-CE12-0023 - AAPG2016 - VALID
Subjects: Mycobacterium Infections, Mycobacterium ulcerans, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Adaptation, Biological, mycolactone, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Mice, host-bacterium interaction, Animals, Humans, rna-sequencing, Macrolides, Buruli Ulcer, metabolism, Research Article, Research Paper, rnasequencing
Abstract: We thank all members of the animal SCAHU platform.; International audience; Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causal agent of Buruli ulcer, a chronic infectious disease and the third most common mycobacterial disease worldwide. Without early treatment, M. ulcerans provokes massive skin ulcers, caused by the mycolactone toxin, its main virulence factor. However, spontaneous healing may occur in Buruli ulcer patients several months or years after the disease onset. We have shown, in an original mouse model, that bacterial load remains high and viable in spontaneously healed tissues, with a switch of M. ulcerans to low levels of mycolactone production, adapting its strategy to survive in such a hostile environment. This original model offers the possibility to investigate the regulation of mycolactone production, by using an RNA-seq strategy to study bacterial adaptation during mouse infection. Pathway analysis and characterization of the tissue environment showed that the bacillus adapted to its new environment by modifying its metabolic activity and switching nutrient sources. Thus, M. ulcerans ensures its survival in healing tissues by reducing its secondary metabolism, leading to an inhibition of mycolactone synthesis. These findings shed new light on mycolactone regulation and pave the way for new therapeutic strategies.
Published: 2021

2. Intracellular and in vivo evaluation of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carboxamide anti-tuberculosis compounds

Author: Garrett C. Moraski, Nathalie Deboosere, Anne J. Lenaerts, Courtney Hastings, Alexandre Vandeputte, Priscille Brodin, Heath A. Weaver, Lisa K. Woolhiser, Marvin J. Miller, Kate L. Marshall, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry [Bozeman, MT, États-Unis], Montana State University (MSU), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mycobacteria Research Laboratories [Fort Collins, CO, États-Unis], Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology [Fort Collins, CO, États-Unis], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)-Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry [Notre Dame, IN, États-Unis], University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), This study was financially supported in part by the National Institutes of Health by grant R37AI054193 (M.J.M., G.C.M) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Contract No. HHSN272201100009I. Funding for Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility (at MSU) was made possible by the MJ Murdock Charitable Trust and NIH P20GM103474. Funding for the 500 NMR (at MSU) was provided by the NSF-Major Research Instrumentation program (NSF-MRI: DBI-1532078), the Murdock Charitable Trust Foundation (015066:MNL), and support from the MSU Vice-President for Research and Economic Development office. Work in Priscille Brodin’s lab was also supported from the European Community (ERC-STG INTRACELLTB n˚ 260901, MM4TB n˚260872), the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10-EQPX-04-01, ANR-14-CE08-0017, ANR-16-CE35-0009), and the Feder (12001407 (D-AL) Equipex Imaginex BioMed) and the Région Nord Pas de Calais (convention n˚12000080)., ANR-14-CE08-0017,ANTI-TB-NANO,Une galénique ' verte ' à base de nanoparticules de cyclodextrines pour un traitement plus efficace de la tuberculose(2014), ANR-16-CE35-0009,TBemerg,Naissance d'un tueur: facteurs génétiques et adaptations métaboliques impliquées dans l'émergence des bacilles tuberculeux épidémiques(2016), ANR-10-EQPX-0004,Imaginex BioMed,Plateau de microscopie de criblage à haut débit et d'analyse à très haute résolution(2010), European Project: 260901,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091118,INTRACELLTB(2010), European Project: 260872,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage,MM4TB(2011), Bodescot, Myriam, Appel à projets générique - Une galénique ' verte ' à base de nanoparticules de cyclodextrines pour un traitement plus efficace de la tuberculose - - ANTI-TB-NANO2014 - ANR-14-CE08-0017 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, Naissance d'un tueur: facteurs génétiques et adaptations métaboliques impliquées dans l'émergence des bacilles tuberculeux épidémiques - - TBemerg2016 - ANR-16-CE35-0009 - AAPG2016 - VALID, Equipements d'excellence - Plateau de microscopie de criblage à haut débit et d'analyse à très haute résolution - - Imaginex BioMed2010 - ANR-10-EQPX-0004 - EQPX - VALID, A Chemical Genomics Approach of Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis Towards Defining Specific Host Pathogen Interactions - INTRACELLTB - - EC:FP7:ERC2010-12-01 - 2015-11-30 - 260901 - VALID, More Medicines for Tuberculosis - MM4TB - - EC:FP7:HEALTH2011-02-01 - 2016-01-31 - 260872 - VALID, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille (CIIL) - U1019 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-14-CE08-0017,ANTI-TB-NANO,Une galénique « verte » à base de nanoparticules de cyclodextrines pour un traitement plus efficace de la tuberculose(2014), ANR-10-EQPX-0004/10-EQPX-0004,Imaginex BioMed,Plateau de microscopie de criblage à haut débit et d'analyse à très haute résolution(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)
Subjects: Bacterial Diseases, Physiology, Antitubercular Agents, Carboxamide, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, White Blood Cells, Animal Cells, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Immune Physiology, Chlorocebus aethiops, Medicine and Health Sciences, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors, ADME, Liquid Chromatography, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Chromatographic Techniques, Imidazoles, Animal Models, 3. Good health, Body Fluids, Actinobacteria, Infectious Diseases, Blood, Experimental Organism Systems, [SDV.SP.PHARMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine, medicine.symptom, Cellular Types, Anatomy, Research Article, medicine.drug_class, Immune Cells, Science, Immunology, Mouse Models, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, Blood Plasma, 03 medical and health sciences, Model Organisms, In vivo, medicine, Potency, Animals, Humans, Tuberculosis, Animal Models of Disease, Thiazole, Vero Cells, 030304 developmental biology, Blood Cells, Bacteria, 030306 microbiology, Macrophages, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cell Biology, Tropical Diseases, In vitro, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Thiazoles, Animal Models of Infection, RAW 264.7 Cells, Mechanism of action, chemistry, Microsome, Animal Studies, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Caco-2 Cells, Spleen
Abstract: International audience; The imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carboxamides (ITAs) are a promising class of anti-tuberculosis agents shown to have potent activity in vitro and to target QcrB, a key component of the mycobacterial cytochrome bcc-aa3 super complex critical for the electron transport chain. Herein we report the intracellular macrophage potency of nine diverse ITA analogs with MIC values ranging from 0.0625-2.5 μM and mono-drug resistant potency ranging from 0.0017 to 7 μM. The in vitro ADME properties (protein binding, CaCo-2, human microsomal stability and CYP450 inhibition) were determined for an outstanding compound of the series, ND-11543. ND-11543 was tolerable at >500 mg/kg in mice and at a dose of 200 mg/kg displayed good drug exposure in mice with an AUC(0-24h) >11,700 ng·hr/mL and a >24 hr half-life. Consistent with the phenotype observed with other QcrB inhibitors, compound ND-11543 showed efficacy in a chronic murine TB infection model when dosed at 200 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The efficacy was not dependent upon exposure, as pre-treatment with a known CYP450-inhibitor did not substantially improve efficacy. The ITAs are an interesting scaffold for the development of new anti-TB drugs especially in combination therapy based on their favorable properties and novel mechanism of action.
Published: 2020

3. Fractional White-Noise Limit and Paraxial Approximation for Waves in Random Media

Author: Olivier Pinaud, Christophe Gomez, Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics [Fort Collins], College of Natural Sciences [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)-Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), O. Pinaud acknowledges support from NSF CAREER grant DMS-1452349, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Asymptotic analysis, paraxial approximation, fractional processes, 01 natural sciences, Schrödinger equation, Waves in random media, symbols.namesake, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Mathematics (miscellaneous), long-range dependence, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Limit (mathematics), [MATH]Mathematics [math], 0101 mathematics, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Probability (math.PR), 010102 general mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Paraxial approximation, White noise, Coupling (probability), 35R60, 60H15, 60H30, 74J2, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], 010101 applied mathematics, Moment (mathematics), 35R60, 60H15, 60H30, 74J20, symbols, Vector field, Mathematics - Probability, Analysis, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: This work is devoted to the asymptotic analysis of high frequency wave propagation in random media with long-range dependence. We are interested in two asymptotic regimes, that we investigate simultaneously: the paraxial approximation, where the wave is collimated and propagates along a privileged direction of propagation, and the white-noise limit, where random fluctuations in the background are well approximated in a statistical sense by a fractional white noise. The fractional nature of the fluctuations is reminiscent of the long-range correlations in the underlying random medium. A typical physical setting is laser beam propagation in turbulent atmosphere. Starting from the high frequency wave equation with fast non-Gaussian random oscillations in the velocity field, we derive the fractional It\^o-Schr\"odinger equation, that is a Schr\"odinger equation with potential equal to a fractional white noise. The proof involves a fine analysis of the backscattering and of the coupling between the propagating and evanescent modes. Because of the long-range dependence, classical diffusion-approximation theorems for equations with random coefficients do not apply, and we therefore use moment techniques to study the convergence., Comment: 58 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2017

4. Kinetics of the Reactions of NO3 Radical with alkanes

Author: Li Zhou, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Mahmoud Idir, A. R. Ravishankara, Véronique Daële, Kyle J. Zarzana, Steven S. Brown, Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS - CNRS), National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Sichuan University [Chengdu] (SCU), Departments of Chemistry and Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), LE STUDIUM (LE STUDIUM), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Colorado [Boulder], ARD- PIVOTS program ( supported by the Centre-Val de Loire regional council), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), European Project: 730997,EUROCHAMP2020(2020), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS), Sichuan University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), ANR-10-LABX-100-01/10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), European Project: 730997,EUROCHAMP2020, Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement ( ICARE ), Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes ( INSIS ), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), LE STUDIUM ( LE STUDIUM ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -CEMAGREF-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory ( ESRL ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences ( CIRES ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], ANR-10-LABX-100-01/10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment ( 2010 ), and European Project : 730997,EUROCHAMP2020
Subjects: Cyclohexane, Chemistry, Radical, Kinetics, Enthalpy, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Methane, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Deuterium, 13. Climate action, Propane, [ CHIM.OTHE ] Chemical Sciences/Other, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Cyclopentane, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other
Abstract: The rate coefficients for the reactions of NO3 radicals with methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), n-butane (n-C4H10), iso-butane (iso-C4H10), 2,3-dimethylbutane (C6H14), cyclopentane (C5H10) and cyclohexane (C6H12) at atmosphere pressure (1000 ± 5 hPa) and room temperature (298 ± 1.5 K) were measured using an absolute method. Careful attention was paid to the role of secondary reactions and impurities. The upper limits of rate coefficients for methane and ethane at 298 K are
Published: 2019

5. High precision numerical approach for Davey–Stewartson II type equations for Schwartz class initial data

Author: Kenneth D.T-R McLaughlin, Christian Klein, Nikola Stoilov, Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] (IMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Department of Mathematics [Fort Collins], College of Natural Sciences [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)-Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), French National Research Agency (ANR)ANuI -ANR-17-CE40-0035isite BFC project NAANoD, EIPHI Graduate School ANR-17-EURE-0002European Union (EU)778010 IPaDEGANNational Science Foundation (NSF)DMS-1733967, and ANR-17-CE40-0035,ANuI,Approches analytiques, numériques et des systèmes intégrables pour les équations aux dérivées partielles dispersives nonlinéaires(2017)
Subjects: semiclassical limit, Class (set theory), General Mathematics, General Physics and Astronomy, wave, Type (model theory), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Davey-Stewartson equations, evolution, 0103 physical sciences, Applied mathematics, [MATH]Mathematics [math], 0101 mathematics, Mathematics, Inverse scattering transform, 010102 general mathematics, General Engineering, D-bar problems, Fourier spectral method, simulation, kadomtsev-petviashvili, inverse scattering transform, packets, systems, Soliton, soliton, blow-up
Abstract: We present an efficient high-precision numerical approach for Davey–Stewartson (DS) II type equa- tions, treating initial data from the Schwartz class of smooth, rapidly decreasing functions. As with previous approaches, the presented code uses discrete Fourier transforms for the spatial dependence and Driscoll’s composite Runge–Kutta method for the time dependence. Since DS equations are non-local, nonlinear Schrödinger equations with a singular symbol for the non-locality, standard Fourier methods in practice only reach accuracy of the order of 10−6or less for typical examples. This was previously demonstrated for the defocusing integrable case by comparison with a numerical approach for DS II via inverse scattering. By applying a regularization to the singular symbol, originally developed for D-bar problems, the presented code is shown to reach machine precision. The code can treat integrable and non-integrable DS II equations. Moreover, it has the same numerical complexity as existing codes for DS II. Several examples for the integrable defocusing DS II equation are discussed as test cases. In an appendix by C. Kalla, a doubly periodic solution to the defocusing DS II equation is presented, providing a test for direct DS codes based on Fourier methods.
Published: 2020

6. Improved reference genome of Aedes aegypti informs arbovirus vector control

Author: Adam M. Phillippy, Richard Hall, Michael R. Murphy, Vinita Joardar, Daniel E. Neafsey, Bradley J. White, Margaret Herre, Gareth D. Weedall, Steven D. Buckingham, Louis Lambrechts, Hugh M. Robertson, Andrew K. Jones, David B. Sattelle, Han Cao, Karla Saavedra-Rodriguez, Yang Wu, Maria V. Sharakhova, Allison M Weakley, Atashi Sharma, Alexander S. Raikhel, Olga Dudchenko, Catherine A. Hill, Sourav Roy, Saki Chan, Sara N. Mitchell, Alex Hastie, Arina D. Omer, Igor Filipović, Zhilei Zhao, Raissa G.G. Kay, Melissa Smith, Joyce Lee, Eric Cox, Sergey Koren, Li Zhao, Vidya Ramasamy, Benjamin J. Matthews, Joe Turner, William C. Black, Noah H. Rose, Leslie B. Vosshall, Erez Lieberman Aiden, Corey L. Campbell, Gordana Rašić, Zhijian Tu, J. Spencer Johnston, Jill Muehling, Jonas Korlach, Igor V. Sharakhov, Seth Redmond, Thanyalak Fansiri, Andrea Gloria-Soria, Omar S. Akbari, Aviva Presser Aiden, Richard S. Mann, Igor Antoshechkin, Jacob E. Crawford, Frederick A. Partridge, Alistair C. Darby, Sanjit S. Batra, Carolyn S. McBride, Sarah B. Kingan, Jeffrey R. Powell, Benjamin R. Evans, Gareth J Lycett, William J. Glassford, Paul Peluso, Shruti Sharan, Albin Fontaine, Carlos A Brito-Sierra, Terence Murphy, Vamsi K. Kodali, Rockefeller University [New York], Howard Hughes Medical Institute [New York] (HHMI), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)-New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU)-Rockefeller University [New York]-Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), Kavli Neural Systems Institute, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University, Rice University [Houston], Pacific Biosciences [Menlo Park], Pacific Biosciences of California, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Verily Life Sciences Inc, Columbia University [New York], Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Princeton University, Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Southern Medical University [Guangzhou], Purdue University [West Lafayette], University College of London [London] (UCL), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Bionano Genomics Inc, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Yale University [New Haven], Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences [Bangkok] (AFRIMS), QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Interactions Virus-Insectes - Insect-Virus Interactions (IVI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Oxford Brookes University, University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of California (UC), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), University of Liverpool, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Texas A&M University [College Station], Tomsk State University [Tomsk], University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Howard Hughes Medical Institute [New York], This research was supported in part by federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under grant number U19AI110818 to the Broad Institute (S.N.R. and D.E.N.), USDA 2017-05741 (E.L.A.), NSF PHY-1427654 Center for Theoretical Biological Physics (E.L.A.), NIH Intramural Research Program, National Library of Medicine and National Human Genome Research Institute (A.M.P. and S.K.) and the following extramural NIH grants: R01AI101112 (J.R.P.), R35GM118336 (R.S.M. and W.J.G.), R21AI121853 (M.V.S., I.V.S. and A.S.), R01AI123338 (Z.T.), T32GM007739 (M.H.), NIH/NCATS UL1TR000043 (Rockefeller University), DP2OD008540 (E.L.A.), U01AI088647, 1R01AI121211 (W.C.B. IV), Fogarty Training Grant D43TW001130-08, U01HL130010 (E.L.A.), UM1HG009375 (E.L.A), 5K22AI113060 (O.S.A.), 1R21AI123937 (O.S.A.), and R00DC012069 (C.S.M.), Defence Advanced Research Project Agency: HR0011-17-2- 0047 (O.S.A.). Other support was provided by Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund (B.J.M.), Center for Theoretical Biological Physics postdoctoral fellowship (O.D.), Robertson Foundation (L.Z.), and McNair & Welch (Q-1866) Foundations (E.L.A.), French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID to L.L.), Agence Nationale de la Recherche grant ANR-17-ERC2-0016-01 (L.L.), European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under ZikaPLAN grant agreement no. 734584 (L.L.), Pew and Searle Scholars Programs (C.S.M.), Klingenstein-Simons Fellowship in the Neurosciences (C.S.M.). A.M.W., B.J.W., J.E.C. and S.N.M. were supported by Verily Life Sciences. L.B.V. is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute., We thank R. Andino, S. Emrich and D. Lawson (Vectorbase), A. A. James, M. Kunitomi, C. Nusbaum, D. Severson, N. Whiteman, T. Dickinson, M. Hartley and B. Rice (Dovetail Genomics) for early participation in the AGWG, C. Bargmann, D. Botstein, E. Jarvis and E. Lander for encouragement and facilitation. N. Keivanfar, D. Jaffe and D. M. Church (10X Genomics) prepared DNA for structural-variant analysis. We thank A. Harmon of the New York Times and acknowledge generous pro bono data and analysis from our corporate collaborators, ANR-17-ERC2-0016,GxG,Base génétique de la spécificité génotype-génotype dans l'interaction naturelle entre un virus et son insecte vecteur(2017), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), European Project: no. 734584, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California, Biochemistry, Entomology, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)-Rockefeller University [New York]-Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC)-New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), The Rockefeller University [New-York], Howard Hughes Medical Institute [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], Baylor College of Medicine ( BCM ), Baylor College of Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute ( NHGRI ), California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard ( BROAD INSTITUTE ), Harvard Medical School [Boston] ( HMS ) -Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston] ( MGH ) -Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ), Liverpool John Moore University ( ljmu ), University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), National Center for Biotechnology Information ( NCBI ), Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences [Bangkok] ( AFRIMS ), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes ( VITROME ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées ( IRBA ), Interactions Virus-Insectes - Insect-Virus Interactions ( IVI ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] ( IRBA ), University of California [Riverside] ( UCR ), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine ( LSTM ), University of California [San Diego] ( UC San Diego ), and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, and promotion of well-being, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genome, Insect, Dengue virus, medicine.disease_cause, Dengue fever, Insecticide Resistance, Aedes, Pyrethrins, Chikungunya, Glutathione Transferase, Genetics, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Genome, biology, Yellow fever, Genomics, Reference Standards, 3. Good health, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Infectious Diseases, Multigene Family, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, Infection, Biotechnology, DNA Copy Number Variations, General Science & Technology, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Population, Aedes aegypti, Mosquito Vectors, Arbovirus Infections, Arbovirus, Insect Control, Article, Vaccine Related, 03 medical and health sciences, QH301, Rare Diseases, Underpinning research, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], medicine, Animals, education, QR355, 3.2 Interventions to alter physical and biological environmental risks, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Prevention, Human Genome, Genetic Variation, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Dengue Virus, Sex Determination Processes, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Prevention of disease and conditions, Vector-Borne Diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Genetics, Population, Vector (epidemiology), Insect, Arboviruses, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infect more than 400 million people each year with dangerous viral pathogens including dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya. Progress in understanding the biology of mosquitoes and developing the tools to fight them has been slowed by the lack of a high-quality genome assembly. Here we combine diverse technologies to produce the markedly improved, fully re-annotated AaegL5 genome assembly, and demonstrate how it accelerates mosquito science. We anchored physical and cytogenetic maps, doubled the number of known chemosensory ionotropic receptors that guide mosquitoes to human hosts and egg-laying sites, provided further insight into the size and composition of the sex-determining M locus, and revealed copy-number variation among glutathione S-transferase genes that are important for insecticide resistance. Using high-resolution quantitative trait locus and population genomic analyses, we mapped new candidates for dengue vector competence and insecticide resistance. AaegL5 will catalyse new biological insights and intervention strategies to fight this deadly disease vector. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [U19AI110818]; USDA [2017-05741]; NIH Intramural Research Program; National Library of Medicine; National Human Genome Research Institute; NSF [PHY-1427654]; NIH [R01AI101112, R35GM118336, R21AI121853, R01AI123338, T32GM007739, NIH/NCATS UL1TR000043, DP2OD008540, U01AI088647, 1R01AI121211, D43TW001130-08, U01HL130010, UM1HG009375, 5K22AI113060, 1R21AI123937, R00DC012069]; Defence Advanced Research Project Agency [HR0011-17-2-0047]; Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics postdoctoral fellowship; Robertson Foundation; McNair Foundation; Welch Foundation [Q-1866]; French Government's Investissement d'Avenir program, Laboratoire d'Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases [ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID]; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-17-ERC2-0016-01]; European Union [734584]; Pew and Searle Scholars Programs; Klingenstein-Simons Fellowship in the Neurosciences; Verily Life Sciences We thank R. Andino; S. Emrich and D. Lawson (Vectorbase); A. A. James, M. Kunitomi, C. Nusbaum, D. Severson, N. Whiteman; T. Dickinson, M. Hartley and B. Rice (Dovetail Genomics) for early participation in the AGWG; C. Bargmann, D. Botstein, E. Jarvis and E. Lander for encouragement and facilitation. N. Keivanfar, D. Jaffe and D. M. Church (10X Genomics) prepared DNA for structural-variant analysis. We thank A. Harmon of the New York Times and acknowledge generous pro bono data and analysis from our corporate collaborators. This research was supported in part by federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under grant number U19AI110818 to the Broad Institute (S.N.R. and D.E.N.); USDA 2017-05741 (E.L.A.); NSF PHY-1427654 Center for Theoretical Biological Physics (E.L.A.); NIH Intramural Research Program, National Library of Medicine and National Human Genome Research Institute (A.M.P. and S.K.) and the following extramural NIH grants: R01AI101112 (J.R.P.), R35GM118336 (R.S.M. and W.J.G.), R21AI121853 (M.V.S., I.V.S. and A. S.), R01AI123338 (Z.T.), T32GM007739 (M.H.), NIH/NCATS UL1TR000043 (Rockefeller University), DP2OD008540 (E.L.A.), U01AI088647, 1R01AI121211 (W.C.B. IV), Fogarty Training Grant D43TW001130-08, U01HL130010 (E.L.A.), UM1HG009375 (E.L.A), 5K22AI113060 (O.S.A.), 1R21AI123937 (O.S.A.), and R00DC012069 (C.S.M.); Defence Advanced Research Project Agency: HR0011-17-2-0047 (O.S.A.). Other support was provided by Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund (B.J.M.), Center for Theoretical Biological Physics postdoctoral fellowship (O.D.), Robertson Foundation (L.Z.), and McNair & Welch (Q-1866) Foundations (E.L.A.), French Government's Investissement d'Avenir program, Laboratoire d'Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID to L.L.), Agence Nationale de la Recherche grant ANR-17-ERC2-0016-01 (L.L.), European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under ZikaPLAN grant agreement no. 734584 (L.L.), Pew and Searle Scholars Programs (C.S.M.), Klingenstein-Simons Fellowship in the Neurosciences (C.S.M.). A.M.W., B.J.W., J.E.C. and S.N.M. were supported by Verily Life Sciences. L.B.V. is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Published: 2018

7. Remote sensing of droplet number concentration in warm clouds: A review of the current state of knowledge and perspectives

Author: Hartwig Deneke, Graham Feingold, Kenneth Sinclair, Paquita Zuidema, Brian Cairns, J. Christine Chiu, Frank Werner, Manfred Wendisch, Andrew S. Ackerman, Daniel T. McCoy, Bastiaan van Diedenhoven, Ralf Bennartz, R. Boers, John Rausch, Ann M. Fridlind, Mikhail D. Alexandrov, Philip Stier, Herman Russchenberg, Robert Wood, Anja Hünerbein, Daniel Rosenfeld, Daniel P. Grosvenor, Pavlos Kollias, David Painemal, Alexander Marshak, Odran Sourdeval, Michael S. Diamond, Daniel Merk, Zhibo Zhang, Patric Seifert, Christine Knist, Matthew Christensen, Johannes Quaas, Université de Lille, CNRS, University of Leeds, Leipziger Institut für Meteorologie [LIM], Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique (LOA) - UMR 8518, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science [RSMAS], NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies [GISS], Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics [New York], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Nashville], Space Science and Engineering Center [Madison] [SSEC], Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute [KNMI], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] [CSU], Department of Physics [Oxford], CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory [RAL], Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research [TROPOS], University of Washington [Seattle], NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory [ESRL], Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] [DWD], Stony Brook University [SUNY] [SBU], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center [GSFC], NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] [LaRC], The Hebrew University of Jerusalem [HUJ], Delft University of Technology [TU Delft], Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering [New York], Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] [CCSR], Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [Baltimore] [JCET], Department of Physics [Baltimore], Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leipziger Institut für Meteorologie (LIM), Universität Leipzig, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Columbia University [New York], Space Science and Engineering Center [Madison] (SSEC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), University of Oxford, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] (CCSR), Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology [Baltimore] (JCET), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)-University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), European Project: 306284,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,QUAERERE(2012), European Project: 724602,Recap, and European Project: 641727,H2020,H2020-SC5-2014-two-stage,PRIMAVERA(2015)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, satellite, Cloud computing, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Review Article, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Remote Sensing, Quality (physics), law, Cloud/Radiation Interaction, Instruments and Techniques, Radar, Review Articles, lidar, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, passive retrievals, Effective radius, business.industry, Remote Sensing and Disasters, Cloud physics, Radiative forcing, cloud droplet concentrations, Geophysics, Lidar, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric Processes, Cloud Physics and Chemistry, Environmental science, Satellite, business, Clouds and Aerosols, Natural Hazards, radar
Abstract: The cloud droplet number concentration (N d) is of central interest to improve the understanding of cloud physics and for quantifying the effective radiative forcing by aerosol‐cloud interactions. Current standard satellite retrievals do not operationally provide N d, but it can be inferred from retrievals of cloud optical depth (τ c) cloud droplet effective radius (r e) and cloud top temperature. This review summarizes issues with this approach and quantifies uncertainties. A total relative uncertainty of 78% is inferred for pixel‐level retrievals for relatively homogeneous, optically thick and unobscured stratiform clouds with favorable viewing geometry. The uncertainty is even greater if these conditions are not met. For averages over 1° ×1° regions the uncertainty is reduced to 54% assuming random errors for instrument uncertainties. In contrast, the few evaluation studies against reference in situ observations suggest much better accuracy with little variability in the bias. More such studies are required for a better error characterization. N d uncertainty is dominated by errors in r e, and therefore, improvements in r e retrievals would greatly improve the quality of the N d retrievals. Recommendations are made for how this might be achieved. Some existing N d data sets are compared and discussed, and best practices for the use of N d data from current passive instruments (e.g., filtering criteria) are recommended. Emerging alternative N d estimates are also considered. First, new ideas to use additional information from existing and upcoming spaceborne instruments are discussed, and second, approaches using high‐quality ground‐based observations are examined., Key Points Satellite cloud droplet concentration uncertainties of 78% for pixel‐level retrievals and 54% for 1 by 1 degree retrievals are estimatedThe effective radius retrieval is the most important aspect for improvement, and more in situ evaluation is neededPotential improvements using passive and active satellite, and ground‐based instruments are discussed
Published: 2018

8. Asymptotics for the maximum sample likelihood estimator under informative selection from a finite population

Author: Daniel Bonnéry, François Coquet, F. Jay Breidt, Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique (CREST), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] (ENSAI)-École polytechnique (X)-École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique (ENSAE Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Statistics, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique ( CREST ), Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] ( ENSAI ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique ( ENSAE ParisTech ), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Complex survey, weighted distribution, Estimation theory, Restricted maximum likelihood, 05 social sciences, 050401 social sciences methods, Estimator, Asymptotic distribution, Conditional probability distribution, stratified sampling, 16. Peace & justice, 01 natural sciences, Likelihood principle, Pseudo-likelihood, 010104 statistics & probability, 0504 sociology, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Statistics, [ MATH.MATH-ST ] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], 0101 mathematics, Likelihood function, Selection (genetic algorithm), Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; Inference for the parametric distribution of a response given covariates is considered under informative selection of a sample from a finite population. Under this selection, the conditional distribution of a response in the sample, given the covariates and given that it was selected for observation, is not the same as the conditional distribution of the response in the finite population, given only the covariates. It is instead a weighted version of the conditional distribution of interest. Inference must be modified to account for this informative selection. An established approach in this context is maximum “sample likelihood”, developing a weight function that reflects the informative sampling design, then treating the observations as if they were independently distributed according to the weighted distribution. While the sample likelihood methodology has been widely applied, its theoretical foundation has been less developed. A precise asymptotic description of a wide range of informative selection mechanisms is proposed. Under this framework, consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum sample likelihood estimators are established. The theory allows for the possibility of nuisance parameters that describe the selection mechanism. The proposed regularity conditions are verifiable for various sample schemes, motivated by real problems in surveys. Simulation results for these examples illustrate the quality of the asymptotic approximations, and demonstrate a practical approach to variance estimation that combines aspects of model-based information theory and design-based variance estimation.
Published: 2018

9. Cross-disciplinarity in the advance of Antarctic ecosystem research

Author: Julian Gutt, Scarlett Trimborn, Enrique Isla, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Rachel D. Cavanagh, Uffe N. Nielsen, Sieglinde Ott, Alison E. Murray, Francesco d'Ovidio, G. di Prisco, R. De Conto, Thomas Saucède, Alia L. Khan, R. Scherer, Vonda J. Cummings, Greg Bodeker, Diana H. Wall, Josefino C. Comiso, Craig R. Smith, Stefano Schiaparelli, Elie Verleyen, José C. Xavier, Jan M. Strugnell, Nerida G. Wilson, Craig Stevens, Jacqueline Stefels, Peter Convey, Huw J. Griffiths, A.N. Bertler, D. De Master, Irene R. Schloss, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Jerónimo López-Martínez, Cinzia Verde, A.L. Post, UAM. Departamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Institut de Ciències del Mar/CSIC, Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs ( PEPS ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques ( LOCEAN ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 ( CEBC ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Instituto Antartico Argentino, Department of Oceanography [Honolulu], University of Hawaii at Manoa ( UHM ), Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] ( NIWA ), Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences [Groningen] (GELIFES), University of Groningen [Groningen], National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Aquatic Organisms, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversity, 01 natural sciences, SOUTHERN-OCEAN SCIENCE, Ecosystem services, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS, ROSS SEA, Temporal scales, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Environmental resource management, Genomics, Otros Tópicos Biológicos, Terrestrial ecosystem, Sea-ice, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, Climate Change, Interdisciplinary Research, Antarctic Regions, Climate change, Aquatic Science, Biology, Scaling, Risk maps, Response to environmental changes, Sea-ice, Multiple stressors, Southern Ocean, Risk maps, 010603 evolutionary biology, Scaling, Ciencias Biológicas, BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS, FUTURE, Genetics, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Response to environmental changes, Multiple stressors, Southern Ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business.industry, Biology and Life Sciences, Congresses as Topic, 15. Life on land, Earth system science, Medio Ambiente, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, BIODIVERSITY, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, COMMUNITIES
Abstract: Gutt, Julian ... et al.-- 17 pages, 4 figures, The biodiversity, ecosystem services and climate variability of the Antarctic continent and the Southern Ocean are major components of the whole Earth system. Antarctic ecosystems are driven more strongly by the physical environment than many other marine and terrestrial ecosystems. As a consequence, to understand ecological functioning, cross-disciplinary studies are especially important in Antarctic research. The conceptual study presented here is based on a workshop initiated by the Research Programme Antarctic Thresholds – Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, which focussed on challenges in identifying and applying cross-disciplinary approaches in the Antarctic. Novel ideas and first steps in their implementation were clustered into eight themes. These ranged from scale problems, through risk maps, and organism/ecosystem responses to multiple environmental changes and evolutionary processes. Scaling models and data across different spatial and temporal scales were identified as an overarching challenge. Approaches to bridge gaps in Antarctic research programmes included multi-disciplinary monitoring, linking biomolecular findings and simulated physical environments, as well as integrative ecological modelling. The results of advanced cross-disciplinary approaches can contribute significantly to our knowledge of Antarctic and global ecosystem functioning, the consequences of climate change, and to global assessments that ultimately benefit humankind, In addition to the employers of the authors this study was funded by the SCAR SRPs AnT-ERA, AntClim21 and AntEco
Published: 2018

10. Non-ordinary curves with a Prym variety of low $p$-rank

Author: Burcin Gunes, Türkü Özlüm Çelik, Rachel Newton, Rachel Pries, Lara Thomas, Yara Elias, Ekin Ozman, Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Max Planck Institute for Mathematics ( Bonn ), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences ( Sabanci University ), Sabanci University [Istanbul], Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, RG66AX, Reading UK, Bogazici University [Istanbul], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Max Planck Institute for Mathematics (MPIM), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences (Sabanci University), Boǧaziçi üniversitesi = Boğaziçi University [Istanbul], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Guillemer, Marie-Annick, and Boğaziçi University [Istanbul]
Subjects: Abelian variety, Pure mathematics, Mathematics::Number Theory, Algebraic geometry, Rank (differential topology), Prym variety, 01 natural sciences, Moduli space, supersingular, [ MATH.MATH-NT ] Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT], Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, Genus (mathematics), 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Mathematics, p-rank, Number Theory (math.NT), 0101 mathematics, Algebraically closed field, Algebraic Geometry (math.AG), Physics, Mathematics - Number Theory, 010102 general mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AG] Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], 11G20, 14H10, 14H40, 14K15, 14Q05, Kummer surface, [MATH.MATH-NT]Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT], [ MATH.MATH-AG ] Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], Curve, 010307 mathematical physics, [MATH.MATH-AG]Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], Jacobian, [MATH.MATH-NT] Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT]
Abstract: If $\pi: Y \to X$ is an unramified double cover of a smooth curve of genus $g$, then the Prym variety $P_\pi$ is a principally polarized abelian variety of dimension $g-1$. When $X$ is defined over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p$, it is not known in general which $p$-ranks can occur for $P_\pi$ under restrictions on the $p$-rank of $X$. In this paper, when $X$ is a non-hyperelliptic curve of genus $g=3$, we analyze the relationship between the Hasse-Witt matrices of $X$ and $P_\pi$. As an application, when $p \equiv 5 \bmod 6$, we prove that there exists a curve $X$ of genus $3$ and $p$-rank $f=3$ having an unramified double cover $\pi:Y \to X$ for which $P_\pi$ has $p$-rank $0$ (and is thus supersingular); for $3 \leq p \leq 19$, we verify the same for each $0 \leq f \leq 3$. Using theoretical results about $p$-rank stratifications of moduli spaces, we prove, for small $p$ and arbitrary $g \geq 3$, that there exists an unramified double cover $\pi: Y \to X$ such that both $X$ and $P_\pi$ have small $p$-rank.
Published: 2017

11. Kernel estimation for a superpopulation probability density function under informative selection

Author: Daniel Bonnéry, F. Jay Breidt, François Coquet, Joint Program in Survey Methodology, University of Maryland [College Park], Department of Statistics, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, education.field_of_study, Bochner's lemma, 010102 general mathematics, Kernel density estimation, Population, Nonparametric statistics, Conditional probability, Probability density function, 01 natural sciences, Nadaraya-Watson estimator, 010104 statistics & probability, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Statistics, Range (statistics), survey weighting D, [ MATH.MATH-ST ] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], 0101 mathematics, education, Selection (genetic algorithm), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Parametric statistics, Mathematics, complex survey
Abstract: Kernel density estimation of the probability density function (pdf) of a response variable is considered under informative selection from a finite population. The informative selection implies that the conditional pdf of a response, given that it was selected for observation, is not the same as the inferential target, which is the unconditional pdf of the response in the superpopulation. Instead, the pdf of the observations (sample pdf) is a weighted version of the superpopulation pdf of interest. Properties of the standard kernel density estimator are described under an asymptotic framework that covers a wide range of informative selection mechanisms. The theory allows for the possibility that the selection mechanism has a parametric structure. A variety of adjustments (parametric or nonparametric) to account for the informative selection are proposed, and investigated via simulation.
Published: 2017

12. The quantum Liouville-BGK equation and the moment problem

Author: Florian Méhats, Olivier Pinaud, Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Invariant Preserving SOlvers ( IPSO ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Department of Mathematics [Fort Collins], College of Natural Sciences [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ) -Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), ANR-14-CE23-0007,MOONRISE,MOdèles, Oscillations et SchEmas NUmeriques ( 2014 ), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Invariant Preserving SOlvers (IPSO), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)-Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), DMS-1452349, National Science Foundation, ANR-14-CE23-0007-01, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-14-CE23-0007,MOONRISE,MOdèles, Oscillations et SchEmas NUmeriques(2014), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, and ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011)
Subjects: Work (thermodynamics), Closure (topology), Mathematical proof, 01 natural sciences, Hydrodynamic equations, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, [ MATH.MATH-AP ] Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], minimization, 0101 mathematics, Quantum, Mathematics, Mathematical physics, diffusion-models, Applied Mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, Entropy principle, Term (logic), energy-transport, 010101 applied mathematics, Constraint (information theory), Moment problem, Minification, Derivation, Analysis, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: International audience; This work is devoted to the analysis of the quantum Liouville-BGK equation. This equation arises in the work of Degond and Ringhofer on the derivation of quantum hydrodynamical models from first principles. Their theory consists in transposing to the quantum setting the closure strategy by entropy minimization used for kinetic equations. The starting point is the quantum Liouville-BGK equation, where the collision term is defined via a so-called quantum local equilibrium, defined as a minimizer of the quantum free energy under a local density constraint. We then address three related problems: we prove new results about the regularity of these quantum equilibria; we prove that the quantum Liouville-BGK equation admits a classical solution; and we investigate the long-time behavior of the solutions. The core of the proofs is based on a fine analysis of the properties of the minimizers of the free energy.
Published: 2017

13. When the going gets tough, the tough get going: Effect of extreme climate on an Antarctic seabird's life history

Author: Lise M. Aubry, Henri Weimerskirch, Christophe Barbraud, Hal Caswell, Stéphanie Jenouvrier, Silke F. van Daalen, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics - IBED (NETHERLANDS), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Theoretical and Computational Ecology (IBED, FNWI), and IBED (FNWI)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Extreme climate, Climate, Population, Antarctic Regions, frailty, dynamic individual heterogeneity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, Birds, unobserved individual heterogeneity, individual quality, biology.animal, Animals, Life history, education, Life History Traits, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, stochasticity, biology, Reproduction, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Variance (accounting), fixed heterogeneity, Geography, Variation (linguistics), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Evolutionary ecology, Seabird, Demography
Abstract: 1AbstractIndividuals differ in many ways. Most produce few offspring; a handful produce many. Some die early; others live to old age. It is tempting to attribute these differences in out-comes to differences in individual traits, and thus in the demographic rates experienced. However, there is more to individual variation than meets the eye of the biologist. Even among individuals sharing identical traits, life history outcomes will vary due to individual stochasticity, i.e., to chance. Quantifying the contributions of heterogeneity and chance is essential to understanding natural variability. Inter-individual differences vary across environmental conditions. Heterogeneity and stochasticity depend on environmental conditions. We show that favorable conditions increase the contributions of individual stochasticity, and reduce the contributions of heterogeneity, to variance in demographic outcomes in a seabird population. The opposite is true under poor conditions. This result has important consequence for understanding the ecology and evolution of life history strategies.
Published: 2022

14. A Hidden Alkaline and Carbonatite Province of Early Carboniferous Age in Northeast Poland: Zircon U-Pb and Pyrrhotite Re-Os Geochronology

Author: Holly J. Stein, Daniel Ohnenstetter, Stéphane Brassinnes, Janina Wiszniewska, Ewa Krzemińska, Daniel Demaiffe, Etienne Deloule, Ian S. Williams, Laboratoire Géochimie, Traçage Isotopique, Minéral et élémentaire - G-Time (Bruxelles, Belgium), Polish Geological Institute = Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny (PIB), Research School of Earth Sciences [Canberra] (RSES), Australian National University (ANU), Applied Isotope Research for Industry and Environment Program, Department of Geosciences [Colorado State University], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)-Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Physics of Geological Processes [Oslo] (PGP), Department of Physics [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Department of Geosciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Metavolcanic rock, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Massif, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Metasedimentary rock, Tournaisian, Carboniferous, Geochronology, Carbonatite, Petrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Zircon
Abstract: International audience; Extensive geophysical investigations in NE Poland in the 1950s and 1960s led to the discovery of an alkaline and carbonatite magmatic province buried under thick (600–800 m) Meso-Cenozoic cover north of the Trans-European Suture Zone, or Tornquist Line. Drilling focused on geophysical anomalies identified three intrusions in the Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of the Mazowsze Domain: the Pisz gabbro-syenite massif, the Ełk syenite massif, and the small, differentiated Tajno body consisting of clinopyroxenite cumulates and syenites crosscut by carbonatite veins. Emplacement ages for these intrusions have been obtained by (1) zircon U-Pb geochronology on a gabbro from Pisz, a syenite from Ełk, and an albitite from Tajno and (2) a Re-Os model age for pyrrhotite from a Tajno carbonatite. The ages measured by both methods fall in the narrow range 354–345 Ma (Early Carboniferous: Tournaisian). This is slightly younger than the Late Devonian (380–360 Ma) Kola Peninsula alkaline and carbonatite province (20 intrusions) of NE Russia and Karelia but is of comparable age to the first manifestations of the long-lasting (∼100 m.yr.) Carboniferous to Permian magmatic event (360–250 Ma) manifest in northern Europe (from the British Isles to southern Scandinavia, the North Sea, and northern Germany) in the foreland of the Variscan orogeny (in the so-called West European Carboniferous Basin) and the East European Craton.
Published: 2013

15. Improved Constraints on the Recent Terrestrial Carbon Sink Over China by Assimilating OCO‐2 XCO2 Retrievals

Author: He, Wei, Jiang, Fei, Ju, Weimin, Chevallier, Frédéric, Baker, David, Wang, Jun, Wu, Mousong, Johnson, Matthew, Philip, Sajeev, Wang, Hengmao, Bertolacci, Michael, Liu, Zhiqiang, Zeng, Ning, Chen, Jing, International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Department of Geography and Planning [University of Toronto], and University of Toronto
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: The magnitude and distribution of China's terrestrial carbon sink remain uncertain due to insufficient observational constraints; satellite column-average dry-air mole fraction carbon dioxide (XCO 2) retrievals may fill some of this gap. Here, we estimate China's carbon sink using atmospheric inversions of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) XCO 2 retrievals within different platforms, including the Global Carbon Assimilation System (GCAS) v2, the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, and the OCO-2 Model Inter-comparison Project (MIP). We find that they consistently place the largest net biome production (NBP) in the south on an annual basis compared to the northeast and other main agricultural areas during peak growing season, coinciding well with the distribution of forests and crops, respectively. Moreover, the mean seasonal cycle amplitude of NBP in OCO-2 inversions is obviously larger than that of biosphere model simulations and slightly greater than surface CO 2 inversions. More importantly, the mean seasonal cycle of the OCO-2 inversions is well constrained in the temperate, tropical, and subtropical monsoon climate zones, with better inter-model consistency at a sub-regional scale compared to in situ inversions and biosphere model simulations. In addition, the OCO-2 inversions estimate the mean annual NBP in China for 2015-2019 to be between 0.34 (GCASv2) and 0.47 ± 0.16 PgC/yr (median ± std; OCO-2 v10 MIP), and indicate the impacts of climate extremes (e.g., the 2019 drought) on the interannual variations of NBP. Our results suggest that assimilating OCO-2 XCO 2 retrievals is crucial for improving our understanding of China's terrestrial carbon sink regime.
Published: 2023

16. Metabolic consequences of various fruit-based diets in a generalist insect species

Author: Laure Olazcuaga, Raymonde Baltenweck, Nicolas Leménager, Alessandra Maia-Grondard, Patricia Claudel, Philippe Hugueney, Julien Foucaud, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and JF was supported by recurrent institutional funding from INRAE. LO acknowledges support from the European Union program FEDER FSE IEJ 2014–2020 (project CPADROL), the INRAE scientific department SPE (AAP-SPE 2016), and the US National Science Foundation (DEB-1930650 to Ruth Hufbauer).
Subjects: ecological specialization, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, generalism, niche breadth, Drosophila suzukii, evolutionary biology, ecology, diet, metabolomics, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract: All data & code generated during this study have been deposited in the INRAE dataverse: https://entrepot.recherche.data.gouv.fr/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.57745/G4D3PG. The shiny application enabling the exploration and analysis of our complete dataset (PCA, GLM/Elastic Net and associated visualizations) is available here: https://fruitfliesmetabo.shinyapps.io/shiny.; International audience; Most phytophagous insect species exhibit a limited diet breadth and specialize on a few or a single host plant. In contrast, some species display a remarkably large diet breadth, with host plants spanning several families and many species. It is unclear, however, whether this phylogenetic generalism is supported by a generic metabolic use of common host chemical compounds ('metabolic generalism') or alternatively by distinct uses of diet-specific compounds ('multi-host metabolic specialism')? Here, we simultaneously investigated the metabolomes of fruit diets and of individuals of a generalist phytophagous species, Drosophila suzukii, that developed on them. The direct comparison of metabolomes of diets and consumers enabled us to disentangle the metabolic fate of common and rarer dietary compounds. We showed that the consumption of biochemically dissimilar diets resulted in a canalized, generic response from generalist individuals, consistent with the metabolic generalism hypothesis. We also showed that many diet-specific metabolites, such as those related to the particular color, odor, or taste of diets, were not metabolized, and rather accumulated in consumer individuals, even when probably detrimental to fitness. As a result, while individuals were mostly similar across diets, the detection of their particular diet was straightforward. Our study thus supports the view that dietary generalism may emerge from a passive, opportunistic use of various resources, contrary to more widespread views of an active role of adaptation in this process. Such a passive stance towards dietary chemicals, probably costly in the short term, might favor the later evolution of new diet specializations.
Published: 2023

17. Assembling of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Core

Author: Júlia Zemanová, Shiva K. Angala, Qian Gao, Mohamed Chami, Cecile Petit, Célia de Sousa-d'Auria, Qinglan Wang, Victoria Jones, Donald R. Ronning, Patrick J. Brennan, Juan Manuel Belardinelli, Anna E. Grzegorzewicz, Michael R. McNeil, Yoshimasa Ishizaki, Mary Jackson, Emilie Huc-Claustre, Katarína Mikušová, Christine Houssin, Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie Moléculaire des Corynébactéries et Mycobactéries (CORYNE), Département Microbiologie (Dpt Microbio), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Fudan University, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics, Biozentrum [Basel, Suisse], University of Basel (Unibas)-University of Basel (Unibas), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie Moléculaire des Corynébactéries et Mycobactéries ( CORYNE ), Département Microbiologie ( Dpt Microbio ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH-1, 84215 Bratislava, and Biozentrum - University of Basel
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices, cryo-electron microscopy, Biology, peptidoglycan, outer membrane, Galactans, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Cell wall, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bacterial Proteins, Arabinogalactan, Molecular Biology, Teichoic acid, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], ligase, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Teichoic Acids, arabinogalactan, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, polysaccharide, cell wall, Peptidoglycan, Cell envelope, Bacterial outer membrane
Abstract: International audience; The unique cell wall of mycobacteria is essential to their viability and the target of many clinically used anti-tuberculosis drugs and inhibitors under development. Despite intensive efforts to identify the ligase(s) responsible for the covalent attachment of the two major heteropolysaccharides of the mycobacterial cell wall, arabinogalactan (AG) and peptidoglycan (PG), the enzyme or enzymes responsible have remained elusive. We here report on the identification of the two enzymes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, CpsA1 (Rv3267) and CpsA2 (Rv3484), responsible for this function. CpsA1 and CpsA2 belong to the widespread LytR-Cps2A-Psr (LCP) family of enzymes that has been shown to catalyze a variety of glycopolymer transfer reactions in Gram-positive bacteria, including the attachment of wall teichoic acids to PG. Although individual cpsA1 and cpsA2 knock-outs of M. tuberculosis were readily obtained, the combined inactivation of both genes appears to be lethal. In the closely related microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum, the ortholog of cpsA1 is the only gene involved in this function, and its conditional knockdown leads to dramatic changes in the cell wall composition and morphology of the bacteria due to extensive shedding of cell wall material in the culture medium as a result of defective attachment of AG to PG. This work marks an important step in our understanding of the biogenesis of the unique cell envelope of mycobacteria and opens new opportunities for drug development.
Published: 2016

18. Omic approaches to assess the ecotoxicological impact of synthetic and natural β-triketone herbicides on soil bacterial diversity and activity

Author: Romdhane, Sana, Devers, Marion, Barthelmebs, Lise, Bertrand, Cédric, Salvia, Marie-Virginie, Calvayrac, Christophe, Dayan, Franck E., Martin, Fabrice, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EA 4218 Biocapteurs Analyse Environnement, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Department, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), International Society for Microbial Ecology (ISME). INT., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement (CRIOBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement ( CRIOBE ), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes ( EPHE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ), and Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU )
Subjects: ecotoxicology, bacterial community, β-triketone, pyrosequencing, metabolomics, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: EABIOmE; Conventional agricultural practices rely on the generalized use of synthetic pesticides for managing weeds. However, there are increasing concerns regarding side effects caused by these substances on human health and ecosystems. In this context, the emergence of pesticides of natural origin (biopesticide) to control pests in the crop appears as an environmentally-friendly alternative. In order to verify these claims, leptospermone, a natural β-triketone herbicide, and sulcotrione, a synthetic one, were applied at 0× (control), 1× or 10× recommended field dose to soil microcosms. The fate of these two herbicides was monitored to assess the scenario of exposure of soil microorganisms. Ecotoxicological impact caused by both herbicides was explored by monitoring the evolution of (i) soil bacterial diversity by 16S rRNA gene amplicons pyrosequencing and (ii) the evolution of microbial activity by soil metabolomics. We showed that both leptospermone and sulcotrione were fully dissipated over the incubation period. However, during their dissipation metabolites of natural and synthetic β-triketone were detected, and CMBA the major metabolite of sulcotrione was remaining in soil microcosms by the end of the experiment. After 8 days of exposure, the bacterial diversity was significantly modified in response to leptospermone. Less significant changes were observed for sulcotrione. For both herbicides, the diversity of the soil bacterial community was not recovered 45 days after the treatment. In addition, soil metabolomics made possible the identification of potential biomarkers of β-triketone exposure. The use of omics applied to soil matrices allowed evaluating the impact of natural and synthetic pesticides on non target soil microorganisms
Published: 2016

19. Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector

Author: Sergio Verjovski-Almeida, James E. Galagan, Ryan C. Kennedy, Zhiyong Xi, Jason R. Miller, Eric Eisenstadt, Kyanne R. Reidenbach, Robert V. Bruggner, Yu-Hui Rogers, Hadi Quesneville, Doreen Werner, Owen White, Alexander S. Raikhel, Mario Stanke, J. Spencer Johnston, Diane D. Lovin, Evgenia V. Kriventseva, Ian T. Paulsen, Kathryn S. Campbell, Norman H. Lee, Ewan Birney, Karyn Megy, Hean Koo, David Kulp, Shelby L. Bidwell, Jingsong Zhu, Philip Montgomery, Paolo Amedeo, Yongmei Zhao, Chinnappa D. Kodira, Javier Costas, Michael C. Schatz, Steven P. Sinkins, Claire M. Fraser-Liggett, Martin Shumway, Kurt LaButti, Akio Mori, Brendan J. Loftus, Manfred Grabherr, Eric O. Stinson, Frank H. Collins, Zhijian Jake Tu, Monique R. Coy, Matt Crawford, Janice P. Vanzee, William M. Gelbart, Joshua Orvis, Peter Arensburger, Chunhong Mao, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Saul A. Kravitz, Suely Lopes Gomes, David DeCaprio, David G. Hogenkamp, Daniel Lawson, Dennis L. Knudson, David W. Severson, George Dimopoulos, Marcelo B. Soares, Sinéad B. O'Leary, Peter W. Atkinson, David M. Jaffe, Becky deBruyn, Martin Hammond, Ana L. T. O. Nascimento, Jim Biedler, Stefan Wyder, Jose M. C. Tubio, Bruce W. Birren, Catherine A. Hill, Chad Nusbaum, Eduardo Lee, Song Li, Susan E. Brown, Jennifer R. Wortman, James R. Hogan, Hamza El-Dorry, Qi Zhao, Linda Hannick, Carlos Frederico Martins Menck, Vishvanath Nene, Jonathan Crabtree, Steven L. Salzberg, Michael H. Holmes, Maria de Fatima Bonaldo, Quinghu Ren, Mihaela Pertea, Charles Roth, Evan Mauceli, Karin Eiglmeier, Horacio Naveira, Brian J. Haas, Qiandong Zeng, Neil F. Lobo, Jennifer R. Schneider, The Institute for Genomic Research, The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] ( EMBL-EBI ), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Hinxton], Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard ( BROAD INSTITUTE ), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], University College Dublin [Dublin] ( UCD ), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University ( JHU ) -Bloomberg School of Public Health, University of Geneva Medical School, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics-University of Geneva Medical School, University of Notre Dame ( UND ), Harvard University [Cambridge], College of Agricultural Sciences Colorado State University, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ) -College of Agricultural Sciences, Northwestern University [Evanston], University of California [Riverside] ( UCR ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Purdue University [West Lafayette], Centro Nacional de Genotipado Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Centro Nacional de Genotipado-Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo ( USP ) -Instituto de Quimica, Texas A&M University [College Station], Joint Technology Center, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] ( UMass Amherst ), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo ( USP ) -Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Instituto Butantan [São Paulo], Universidade da Coruña, University of Maryland [College Park], Institut Jacques Monod ( IJM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of California [Santa Cruz] ( UCSC ), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Universität Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, George Washington University Medical Center, George Washington University ( GW ), The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-University of Geneva Medical School, University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)-College of Agricultural Sciences, University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP)-Instituto de Quimica, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Universidade de São Paulo (USP)-Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB/USP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), University of Maryland System, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], The George Washington University (GW), George Washington University (GW), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-University of Geneva Medical School, Harvard University, University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of California (UC), University of Oxford, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP)-Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP)-Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB/USP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Zdobnov, Evgeny, and Wyder, Stefan
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, Transcription, Genetic, Genome, Insect, transposons, receptors, Genes, Insect, Aedes/ genetics/metabolism, MESH: Genes, Insect, Yellow Fever/prevention & control/transmission, MESH: Base Sequence, 01 natural sciences, Dengue/prevention & control/transmission, MESH: Protein Structure, Tertiary, MESH: Arboviruses, MESH : Insect Vectors, MESH: Insect Proteins, MESH : Anopheles gambiae, MESH: Animals, MESH : Arboviruses, insects, MESH: Yellow Fever, superfamily, ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, Anopheles, MESH : Genes, Insect, 3. Good health, yellow-fever mosquito, anopheles-gambiae, drosophila-melanogaster, expression, evolution, organization, Drosophila melanogaster, MESH: DNA Transposable Elements, [ SDV.BBM.GTP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Multigene Family, Public Health, MESH : Protein Structure, Tertiary, MESH: Sex Characteristics, Molecular Sequence Data, MESH : Multigene Family, MESH: Sex Determination (Genetics), MESH : Sex Determination (Genetics), Arbovirus, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], MESH: Anopheles gambiae, Yellow Fever, MESH: Species Specificity, Humans, MESH: Humans, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, fungi, MESH : Humans, MESH : Sex Characteristics, Membrane Transport Proteins, Sex Determination Processes, medicine.disease, Insect Vectors, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Sex Determination (Genetics), MESH: Multigene Family, MESH: Female, MESH : Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Drosophila melanogaster/genetics, MESH : Molecular Sequence Data, Odorant binding, Insect Proteins/genetics, Anopheles gambiae, MESH: Dengue, Genome, MESH: Membrane Transport Proteins, Dengue, MESH : Membrane Transport Proteins, Aedes, Insect Vectors/ genetics/metabolism, MESH : Drosophila melanogaster, MESH : Female, Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics, Genetics, MESH : Insect Proteins, Sex Characteristics, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Synteny, MESH: Aedes, MESH : Genome, Insect, MESH : DNA Transposable Elements, Insect Proteins, Female, Orthologous Gene, MESH : Male, MESH : Dengue, Aedes aegypti, MESH: Insect Vectors, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Synteny, MESH: Drosophila melanogaster, Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics, MESH : Yellow Fever, parasitic diseases, medicine, MESH : Species Specificity, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Aedes, Base Sequence, MESH: Genome, Insect, MESH: Transcription, Genetic, MESH : Synteny, MESH : Transcription, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, DNA Transposable Elements, MESH : Base Sequence, MESH : Animals, Arboviruses, Anopheles gambiae/genetics/metabolism
Abstract: We present a draft sequence of the genome of Aedes aegypti , the primary vector for yellow fever and dengue fever, which at ∼1376 million base pairs is about 5 times the size of the genome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae . Nearly 50% of the Ae. aegypti genome consists of transposable elements. These contribute to a factor of ∼4 to 6 increase in average gene length and in sizes of intergenic regions relative to An. gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster . Nonetheless, chromosomal synteny is generally maintained among all three insects, although conservation of orthologous gene order is higher (by a factor of ∼2) between the mosquito species than between either of them and the fruit fly. An increase in genes encoding odorant binding, cytochrome P450, and cuticle domains relative to An. gambiae suggests that members of these protein families underpin some of the biological differences between the two mosquito species.
Published: 2016

20. Ecotoxicological Impact of the Bioherbicide Leptospermone on the Microbial Community of two Arable Soils

Author: Lise Barthelmebs, Sana Romdhane, Jean-François Cooper, Cédric Bertrand, Marion Devers-Lamrani, Franck E. Dayan, Christophe Calvayrac, Fabrice Martin-Laurent, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement (BAE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Department, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement ( CRIOBE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement ( BAE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ), and Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), lcsh:QR1-502, [ SDV.TOX.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Leptospermone, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, complex mixtures, bacterial community, microbial ecotoxicology, lcsh:Microbiology, bioherbicide, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Original Research, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Biotic component, Ecology, Community structure, 15. Life on land, Micobial ecotoxicology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Microbial population biology, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, biodegradation, leptospermone, Biodegradation, Pyrosequencing, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Microcosm, Bioherbicide
Abstract: The ecotoxicological impact of leptospermone, a β-triketone bioherbicide, on the bacterial community of two arable soils was investigated. Soil microcosms were exposed or not (control, 0×) to leptospermone applied at 1× or 10× recommended dose. Leptospermone was moderately adsorbed to both soils (i.e.: Kfa  1.2 and Koc  140 ml.g-1). Dissipation of leptospermone was lower in sterilized than in unsterilized soils suggesting that it was mainly influenced by biotic factors. Within 45 days, leptospermone disappeared almost entirely from one of the two soils (i.e. DT50 < 10 days), while 25% of the leptospermone remained in the other. The composition of the microbial community assessed by qPCR targeting 11 microbial groups was found to be significantly modified in soil microcosms exposed to leptospermone. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed a shift in the bacterial community structure and a significant impact of leptospermone on the diversity of the soil bacterial community. Changes in the composition as well as in the α- and β-diversity of microbial community were transient in the soil able to fully dissipate the leptospermone. They were persistent in the soil where leptospermone remained. To conclude the bacterial community of the two soils was sensitive to leptospermone and its resilience was observed only when leptospermone was fully dissipated.
Published: 2016

21. Selective Detection in Impulsive Low-Frequency Raman Imaging Using Shaped Probe Pulses

Author: Siddarth Shivkumar, Dekel Ranann, Samuel Metais, Sisira Suresh, Nicolas Forget, Randy Bartels, Dan Oron, Hervé Rigneault, Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], FASTLITE, affiliation inconnue, Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], General Physics and Astronomy
Abstract: Impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) using a single short femtosecond pump pulse to excite molecular vibrations offers an elegant pump-probe approach to perform vibrational imaging below 200cm−1. One shortcoming of ISRS is its inability to offer vibrational selectivity as all the vibrational bonds whose frequencies lie within the short pump-pulse bandwidth are excited. To date, several coherent control techniques have been explored to address this issue and selectively excite a specific molecular vibration by shaping the pump pulse. There has not been any systematic work that reports an analogous shaping of the probe pulse to implement preferential detection. In this work, we focus on vibrational imaging and report vibrational selective detection by shaping the probe pulse in time. We demonstrate numerically and experimentally two pulse-shaping strategies with one functioning as a vibrational notch filter and the other functioning as a vibrational low-pass filter. This enables fast (25μs/pixel) and selective hyperspectral imaging in the low-frequency regime (
Published: 2023

22. Global modeling of the socioeconomic, political, and environmental relations of farmer seed systems (FSS): Spatial analysis and insights for sustainable development

Author: Karl S. Zimmerer, Steven J. Vanek, Megan Dwyer Baumann, Jacob van Etten, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), United States Agency for International Development (USAID)AIDOAA-F-14-00035, and CGIAR
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Environmental Engineering, Land use and food systems, Ecology, Informal seed systems, Urbanization, Spatial analysis, COVID-19, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Oceanography, Social-ecological systems and political ecology, Local seed systems, Farmers' seed systems (FSS), Sustainable development, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Climate change, Agrobiodiversity and biodiversity
Abstract: International audience; Accessible, high-quality seed is vital to the agricultural, food, and nutrition sovereignty needed for justice-based sustainable development. Multiregion, interdisciplinary research on farmers’ seed systems (FSS) can complement case-based and thematic approaches. This study’s goals are to (1) provide a synthetic overview of current major FSS concepts; (2) design and evaluate a novel social- and political-ecological model of FSS using globally representative data from mountain agricultural areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America; (3) model and evaluate FSS relations to socioeconomic, political, and environmental factors including main food crops (rice, wheat, maize, potato, and common bean); (4) generate new spatial, geographic, and demographic estimates; and (5) strengthen FSS for justice-based sustainable development of agriculture, land use, and food systems. The conceptual framework of FSS-related factors guided the global modeling of data from 11 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. A multiple regression model explained FSS utilization (R2 = 0.53, P < 0.0001), specifying the significant inverse relations to mean farm area (strong), per-capita Gross Domestic Product at the district level (strong), and urban distance (moderate). FSS showed strong positive relations to aridity and topographic ruggedness. FSS were positively related to elevation in a 5-country Andean subsample. Results estimated FSS utilization by 136 million farmers within the 11 countries. Novel insights to strengthen FSS policies and programs are the importance of FSS to extremely small farm-area subgroups and other distinct FSS stakeholders, global-region geopolitical distinctness of FSS-farm area relations, multidistrict FSS concentrations that enable extralocal FSS spatial connectivity, FSS capacities in climate-change hot spots, and high FSS encompassing periurban areas. Policy-relevant results on global geographic and demographic extensiveness of FSS and key spatial, socioeconomic, political, and environment relations demonstrate that globally FSS are key to supporting agrobiodiversity, agroecology, nutrition, and the sustainability of food systems. These advise strengthening FSS through pro-poor and linked urban-rural policies at regional scales in addition to expanding local initiatives.
Published: 2023

23. Spectral approach to D-bar problems

Author: Christian Klein, Kenneth D.T-R McLaughlin, Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] (IMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), University of Arizona, Department of Mathematics [Colorado State University], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Marie Curie IRSES program RIMMP, National Science Foundation - DMS-1401268, CNRS, Research in Pairs program of the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] ( IMB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU )
Subjects: [ MATH ] Mathematics [math], Spectral approach, Inverse conductivity problem, Bar (music), General Mathematics, Electrical-impedance tomography, FOS: Physical sciences, 2 dimensions, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, 01 natural sciences, Discrete system, symbols.namesake, Convergence (routing), FOS: Mathematics, Applied mathematics, Uniqueness, Stewartson-ii equations, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, 0101 mathematics, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Electrical impedance tomography, Reconstruction algorithms, Numerical-solution, Mathematics, Nonlinear Sciences - Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems, Applied Mathematics, Numerical Analysis (math.NA), Integral equation, 010101 applied mathematics, Fourier transform, symbols, Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
Abstract: We present the first numerical approach to D-bar problems having spectral convergence for real analytic, rapidly decreasing potentials. The proposed method starts from a formulation of the problem in terms of an integral equation that is numerically solved with Fourier techniques. The singular integrand is regularized analytically. The resulting integral equation is approximated via a discrete system that is solved with Krylov methods. As an example, the D-bar problem for the Davey-Stewartson II equations is considered. The result is used to test direct numerical solutions of the PDE.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published: 2015

24. Impacts of nutrient addition on soil carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry and stability in globally-distributed grasslands

Author: Katherine S. Rocci, Kaydee S. Barker, Eric W. Seabloom, Elizabeth T. Borer, Sarah E. Hobbie, Jonathan D. Bakker, Andrew S. MacDougall, Rebecca L. McCulley, Joslin L. Moore, Xavier Raynaud, Carly J. Stevens, M. Francesca Cotrufo, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, University of Washington [Seattle], University of Guelph, University of Kentucky, Monash University [Clayton], Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Lancaster University, This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. #1650114. This work has benefited from technical and human resources provided by CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance (CNRS/ENS UMS 3194) as well as financial support from the Regional Council of Ile-de-France under the DIM Program R2DS bearing the reference I-05-098/R., Coordination and data management have been supported by funding to E. Borer and E. Seabloom from the National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network (NSF-DEB-1042132) and Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-DEB-1234162 and NSF-DEB-1831944 to Cedar Creek LTER) programs, and the Institute on the Environment (DG-0001-13). We also thank the Minnesota Supercomputer Institute for hosting project data and the Institute on the Environment for hosting Network meetings. Soil analyses were supported, in part, by USDA-ARS Grant 58-3098-7-007 to ETB., ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), ANR-10-IDEX-0001,PSL,Paris Sciences et Lettres(2010), and University of Kentucky (UK)
Subjects: Soil organic matter, Nitrogen, Nutrient addition, Nutrient network (NutNet), Particulate organic matter, Grasslands, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Phosphorous, Potassium, Environmental Chemistry, Mineral-associated organic matter, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Global changes will modify future nutrient availability with implications for grassland biogeochemistry. Soil organic matter (SOM) is central to grasslands for both provision of nutrients and climate mitigation through carbon (C) storage. While we know that C and nitrogen (N) in SOM can be influenced by greater nutrient availability, we lack understanding of nutrient effects on C and N coupling and stability in soil. Different SOM fractions have different functional relevance and mean residence times, i.e., mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) has a higher mean residence time than particulate organic matter (POM). By separating effects of nutrient supply on the different SOM fractions, we can better evaluate changes in soil C and N coupling and stability and associated mechanisms. To this end, we studied responses of C and N ratios and distributions across POM and MAOM to 6–10 years of N, phosphorus (P), potassium and micronutrients (K +µ), and combined NPK +µ additions at 11 grassland sites spanning 3 continents and globally relevant environmental gradients in climate, plant growth, soil texture, and nutrient availability. We found addition of N and NPK +µ generally reduced C:N in MAOM and POM. However, at low fertility and at warm, sandy sites, nutrient addition promoted higher MAOM and POM C:N, respectively. Addition of NPK +µ also promoted C storage in POM relative to MAOM, and this was consistent across sites. Our results suggest that addition of macro- and micronutrients consistently decrease SOM stabilization, whereas responses of soil C:N stoichiometry were contingent on SOM fraction and environmental conditions.
Published: 2022

25. Sea2Cloud: from biogenic emission fluxes to cloud properties in the South West Pacific

Author: Sellegri, Karine, Harvey, Mike, Peltola, Maija, Saint-Macary, Alexia, Barthelmeß, Theresa, Rocco, Manon, Moore, Kathryn, Cristi, Antonia, Peyrin, Frederic, Barr, Neill, Labonnote, Laurent, Marriner, Andrew, Mcgregor, John, Safi, Karl, Deppeler, Stacy, Archer, Stephen, Dunne, Erin, Harnwell, James, Delanoë, Julien, Freney, Evelyn, Rose, Clémence, Bazantay, Clément, Planche, Céline, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Quintanilla-López, Jesús, Lebrón-Aguilar, Rosa, Rinaldi, Matteo, Banson, Sandra, Joseph, Romain, Lupascu, Aurelia, Jourdan, Olivier, Mioche, Guillaume, Colomb, Aurélie, Olivares, Gus, Querel, Richard, Mcdonald, Adrian, Plank, Graeme, Bukosa, Beata, Dillon, Wayne, Pelon, Jacques, Picard, David, Baray, Jean-Luc, Tridon, Frederic, Donnadieu, Franck, Szczap, Frédéric, Engel, Anja, Demott, Paul, Law, Cliff, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Department of Marine Sciences [Dunedin], University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Department of Atmospheric Science [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Water and Atmosphere [Hamilton] (NIWA), University of Auckland [Auckland], CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research [Aspendale], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima [Bologna] (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam] (IASS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Auckland] (NIWA), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), University of Canterbury [Christchurch], Department of Chemistry [Dunedin], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology
Abstract: The goal of the Sea2Cloud project is to study the interplay between surface ocean biogeochemical and physical properties, fluxes to the atmosphere, and ultimately their impact on cloud formation under minimal direct anthropogenic influence. Here we present an interdisciplinary approach, combining atmospheric physics and chemistry with marine biogeochemistry, during a voyage between 41° and 47°S in March 2020. In parallel to ambient measurements of atmospheric composition and seawater biogeochemical properties, we describe semicontrolled experiments to characterize nascent sea spray properties and nucleation from gas-phase biogenic emissions. The experimental framework for studying the impact of the predicted evolution of ozone concentration in the Southern Hemisphere is also detailed. After describing the experimental strategy, we present the oceanic and meteorological context including provisional results on atmospheric thermodynamics, composition, and flux measurements. In situ measurements and flux studies were carried out on different biological communities by sampling surface seawater from subantarctic, subtropical, and frontal water masses. Air–Sea-Interface Tanks (ASIT) were used to quantify biogenic emissions of trace gases under realistic environmental conditions, with nucleation observed in association with biogenic seawater emissions. Sea spray continuously generated produced sea spray fluxes of 34% of organic matter by mass, of which 4% particles had fluorescent properties, and which size distribution resembled the one found in clean sectors of the Southern Ocean. The goal of Sea2Cloud is to generate realistic parameterizations of emission flux dependences of trace gases and nucleation precursors, sea spray, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice nuclei using seawater biogeochemistry, for implementation in regional atmospheric models.
Published: 2023

26. Inorganic phosphate content does not affect oviposition preference in the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii

Author: Laure Olazcuaga, Robin Guilhot, Jean‐Loup Claret, Nicolas O. Rode, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), L.O. acknowledges support from the European Union program FEFER FSE IEJ 2014-2020 (project CPADROL), the INRAE scientific department SPE (AAP-SPE 2016) and the US National Science Foundation (DEB-1930650 to Ruth Hufbauer). N.O.R. acknowledges support from the CeMEB LabEx/University of Montpellier (ANR-10-LABX-0004)., and ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010)
Subjects: insect behaviour, host choice, spotted-wing drosophila, Insect Science, chemical ecology, oviposition site selection, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract: The data and R scripts for our analyses are available at: https://github.com/olazl aure/PhosphorusPreference2022. They are archived on Figshare: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22032500; International audience; The broad variation in host use among polyphagous insects is well documented but still poorly understood. In numerous pest insects, the proximate mechanisms respon-sible for variation in oviposition preference among host plants remain to be eluci-dated. The invasive crop pest, Drosophila suzukii, attacks a wide range of host fruits. Females prefer ovipositing on particular fruit media (blackberry, cherry, blackcurrant) that are rich in phosphorus. As phosphorus is known to be involved in female repro-duction in insect species such as Drosophila, it could drive oviposition preference in D. suzukii. Phosphorus is either present as inorganic or organic phosphate in fruits. As the absolute content in macromolecules associated with phosphate in fruits (i.e. proteins and carbohydrates) do not affect oviposition in D. suzukii, we tested for the effect of inorganic phosphate on oviposition preference. We measured the egg- laying preferences of D. suzukii in a choice environment containing 12 artificial media with increasing content in inorganic phosphate (monopotassium dihydrogen phosphate). In our assay, D. suzukii females did not prefer ovipositing in media with high inorganic phosphate content compared to media with lower inorganic phosphate content. As a confirmation, we verified the previous result of a higher female preference for media made of phosphorus-rich fruits (blackberry, cherry, blackcurrant). The higher prefer-ence for phosphorus- rich fruits could be driven by macromolecules containing phos-phorus (e.g. phospholipids) or by the presence of one or more molecules that do not contain phosphorus, but that happen to be correlated to fruit phosphorus content. Studying the proximate mechanisms driving host use will ultimately help improve the management of D. suzukii and other crop pests
Published: 2023

27. Effects of ants on riparian poplars: an ex situ experiment of biotic interaction

Author: D. Corenblit, B. Corbara, R. Cereghino, A. Dejean, P. Duran, V. Garófano-Gómez, F. Gilbert, E. González-Sargas, F. Julien, L. Lambs, C. Mainguin, L. Mazal, T. Otto, J. Steiger, E. Tabacchi, I. Till-Bottraud, Y. Travaillard, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras [Universitat Politècnica de València] (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), and Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)
Subjects: Ex situ experiment, Ecology, Cuttings, Insect Science, Plant–animal interaction, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Plant-animal interaction, Ant, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Lasius niger, Agronomy and Crop Science, Populus nigra, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: [EN] Poplars establish on alluvial bars within sand and gravel-bed rivers. Alluvial bars also provide particularly suitable habitats for the proliferation of ants. We hypothesized that ants, by modifying substrate structure and resource availability in fluvial habitats, positively influence poplar growth during its establishment stage. We conducted a preliminary nine-month ex situ greenhouse experiment with one ant species (Lasius niger L.) and six different genotypes of poplar cuttings (Populus nigra L.), both collected on the Garonne River, SW France. Three main treatments: `P. nigra alone¿, `P. nigra without ants and with ant food¿ and `P. nigra with ants and ant food¿ were applied. After one growing season, we tested differences in branching length and biomass of stems, roots and leaves. Certain genotypes showed significant differences in growth, but there were no significant differences in stem length, dry mass of stems and roots between the three treatments. The total biomass of poplars after the first growing season was positively affected by the initial size of the cuttings and was modulated by the genotype independently from the treatments. However, an increased poplar growth for the treatment without ants and with ant food was observed according to significant differences in dry weight of leaves and total biomass (i.e. dry mass of stems, roots and leaves) for the pooled genotypes across treatments. We discuss our results with the aim of serving as a reference for future in situ and ex situ experiments and field measurements exploring interactions between ants and poplars, specifically in riparian ecosystems., The authors greatly acknowledge the Plateforme d¿Analyses Physico-Chimiques for physical and chemical analyses (PAPC, Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Univ. Toulouse UPS, INPT, CNRS). We thank G. Latil and R. Jeanson from Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA, Toulouse UPS, France) for their advice in constituting the synthetic ant food. The frst author also thanks the CNRS for his half-time delegation to Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement in 2020/21 and 2021/22. Furthermore, the authors acknowledge the DIPEE clermontois (DIspositif de Partenariat Écologie Environnement) of the Institut Écologie et Environnement (INEE), CNRS. We are also grateful to Abel Bernadou, associate editor of Arthropod-Plant Interactions and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, which improved the manuscript.
Published: 2023

28. High speed low frequency Raman spectroscopy and microscopy

Author: Rigneault, Hervé, Bartels, Randy, Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]
Abstract: Raman spectra provide a rich and powerful label-free probe of biological systems. While the narrow spectral features make Raman spectroscopy extremely attractive, the weak strength of Raman scattering makes it difficult to deeply in many situations. Low frequency Raman scattering spectroscopy provides the potential for probing macromolecular and local material properties. Until recently, the acquisition of such low frequency Raman spectra has been limited by technical challenges. We will discuss newly developed tools that allow for high-speed time-domain Raman spectroscopy of low and fingerprint region Raman spectra. Imaging performance and robustness of the signal to scattering will also be discussed.
Published: 2023

29. Low frequency coherent Raman imaging with high optical scattering robustness

Author: Rigneault, Hervé, Bartels, Randy, Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]
Abstract: International audience; Raman microscopy is a valuable approach to label-free chemical imaging. Recent advances have enabled the development of rapid methods for hyperspectral microscopy using impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) that focus on low-frequency Raman modes of materials. The persistent challenge with Raman spectroscopic methods is low signal due to the relatively weak Raman scattering. ISRS microscopy allows for high quality hyperspectral imaging of low and fingerprint Raman vibrational frequencies but is normally subject to poor performance in the presence of optical scattering. We will present methods that solve this issue and allow for high-quality imaging when strong optical scattering is present.
Published: 2023

30. Clarifying the effect of biodiversity on productivity in natural ecosystems with longitudinal data and methods for causal inference

Author: Dee, Laura E, Ferraro, Paul J, Severen, Christopher N, Kimmel, Kaitlin A, Borer, Elizabeth T, Byrnes, Jarrett E K, Clark, Adam Thomas, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Raynaud, Xavier, Reich, Peter B, Wright, Alexandra J, Arnillas, Carlos A, Davies, Kendi F, MacDougall, Andrew, Mori, Akira S, Smith, Melinda D, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brauman, Kate A, Cowles, Jane, Komatsu, Kimberly, Knops, Johannes M H, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Sullivan, Lauren L, Stevens, Carly, Loreau, Michel, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, University of Massachusetts [Boston] (UMass Boston), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Western Sydney University, University of Michigan System, California State University [Los Angeles] (CAL STATE LA), University of Toronto at Scarborough, Université Saint-Francis-Xavier (CANADA), Yokohama National University, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Washington [Seattle], University of Alabama [Tuscaloosa] (UA), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEREEP-Ecotron Ile De France (CNRS/ENS UMS 3194), Regional Council of Ile- de-France (DIM Program R2DS I-05-098/R), GoF/ANR’s Investissements d’Avenir program (ANR-11-INBS-0001 AnaEE France, ANR-10-IDEX- 0001-02 PSL), Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, and Ecology and Biodiversity
Subjects: Identification, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Chemistry(all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Resistance, General Physics and Astronomy, Instrumental variables, General Chemistry, Biodiversity, Physics and Astronomy(all), Plants, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Time, Causality, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Plant diversity, Alter, Biomass, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Guide, In-differences, Ecosystem
Abstract: Causal effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions can be estimated using experimental or observational designs — designs that pose a tradeoff between drawing credible causal inferences from correlations and drawing generalizable inferences. Here, we develop a design that reduces this tradeoff and revisits the question of how plant species diversity affects productivity. Our design leverages longitudinal data from 43 grasslands in 11 countries and approaches borrowed from fields outside of ecology to draw causal inferences from observational data. Contrary to many prior studies, we estimate that increases in plot-level species richness caused productivity to decline: a 10% increase in richness decreased productivity by 2.4%, 95% CI [−4.1, −0.74]. This contradiction stems from two sources. First, prior observational studies incompletely control for confounding factors. Second, most experiments plant fewer rare and non-native species than exist in nature. Although increases in native, dominant species increased productivity, increases in rare and non-native species decreased productivity, making the average effect negative in our study. By reducing the tradeoff between experimental and observational designs, our study demonstrates how observational studies can complement prior ecological experiments and inform future ones.
Published: 2023

31. On the need to establish an international soil modelling consortium

Author: Harry Vereecken, Jan Vanderborght, Andrea Schnepf, Nicolas Brüggemann, Wulf Amelung, Michael Herbst, Mathieu Javaux, Zee, Sjoerd E. A. T. M., Dani Or, Jirka Simunek, Martinus Th. van Genuchten, Jasper Vrugt, Hopmans, Jan W., Young, Michael H., Philippe Baveye, Yakov Pachepsky, Marnik Vanclooster, Hallett, Paul D., Aaldrik Tiktak, Diederik Jacques, Tomas Vogel, Nicholas Jarvis, Peter Finke, Juan José Jiménez, Patricia Garnier, Li, Changsheng S., Jérôme Ogée, Alain Mollier, Francois Lafolie, Isabelle Cousin, Valerie Pot-Genty, Pierre-Alain Maron, Tiina Roose, Wall, Diana H., Andreas Schwen, Claude Doussan, Hans-Jörg Vogel, Gerard Govers, Wolfgang Durner, Eckart Priesack, Kurt Roth, Rainer Horn, Stefan Kollet, Andrea Rinaldo, Andy Whitmore, Keith Goulding, Parton, William J., Agrosphere Institute, IBG-3, Institute of Bio-geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Centre for High-Performance Scientific Computing in Terrestrial Systems, HPSC TerrSys, Earth and Life Institute‐Environmental Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Department Soil Physics and Land Management, Environmental Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Soil and Terrestrial Environmental Physics, Department of Environmental Sciences [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Earth Sciences [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] (ESS), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem dynamics, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Soil and Water Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Earth and Life Institute ‐ Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Institute for Environment, Health and Safet, Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), Department of Hydraulics and Hydrology [Praha], Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Dept. Soil & Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space [Durham] (EOS), University of New Hampshire (UNH), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Southampton, School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Department Soil System Science [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institute for Geoecology, Soil Science and Soil Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Institute of Soil Ecology [Neuherberg] (IBOE), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Dipartimento IMAGE, and International Centre for Hydrology 'Dino Tonini', Universita degli Studi di Padova, Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory [Fort Collins] (NREL), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Bureau of Economic Geology [Austin] (BEG), Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Earth and Life Institute - Environmental Sciences (ELIE), Departement of Soil and Environment, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich ( ETH Zürich ), University of California [Riverside] ( UCR ), University of California [Irvine] ( UCI ), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] ( ESS ), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ), University of California Davis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ( RPI ), Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire ( SCK-CEN ), Czech Technical University in Prague ( CTU ), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( SLU ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Spanish National Research Council ( CSIC ), Environnement et Grandes Cultures ( EGC ), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space [Durham] ( EOS ), University of New Hampshire ( UNH ), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère ( ISPA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes ( EMMAH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Unité de recherche Science du Sol ( USS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, University of Southampton [Southampton], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ( UFZ ), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Geography, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Institute of Soil Ecology [Neuherberg] ( IBOE ), Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] ( IUP ), Christian Albrechts University, Universita degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua = Université de Padoue, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: absent
Published: 2014

32. On the need to establish an international soil modelling consortium

Author: Vereecken, Harry, Vanderborght, Jan, Schnepf, Andrea, Brüggemann, Nicolas, Amelung, Wulf, Herbst, Michael, Javaux, Mathieu, Van der Zee, Sjoerd E.A.T.M, Or, Dani, Simunek, Jirka, van Genuchten, Martinus Th., Vrugt, Jasper A., Hopmans, Jan W., Young, Michael H., Baveye, Philippe, Pachepsky, Yakov, Vanclooster, Marnik, Hallett, Paul D., Tiktak, Aaldrik, Jacques, Diederik, Vogel, Tomas, Jarvis, Nicholas, Finke, Peter, Jiménez, Juan José, Li, Changsheng S., Ogée, Jérôme, Mollier, Alain, Lafolie, Francois, Cousin, Isabelle, Pot-Genty, Valerie, Maron, Pierre-Alain, Roose, Tiina, Wall, Diana H., Schwen, Andreas, Doussan, Claude, Vogel, Hans-Jörg, Govers, Gerard, Durner, Wolfgang, Priesack, Eckart, Roth, Kurt, Horn, Rainer, Kollet, Stefan, Rinaldo, Andrea, Whitmore, Andy, Goulding, Keith, Parton, William J., Agrosphere Institute, IBG-3, Institute of Bio-geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Centre for High-Performance Scientific Computing in Terrestrial Systems, HPSC TerrSys, Earth and Life Institute‐Environmental Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Department Soil Physics and Land Management, Environmental Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), Soil and Terrestrial Environmental Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich ( ETH Zürich ), Department of Environmental Sciences [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] ( UCR ), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Earth Sciences [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California [Irvine] ( UCI ), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] ( ESS ), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem dynamics, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ), Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Soil and Water Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ( RPI ), Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Earth and Life Institute ‐ Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Institute for Environment, Health and Safet, Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire ( SCK-CEN ), Department of Hydraulics and Hydrology [Praha], Czech Technical University in Prague ( CTU ), Dept. Soil & Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( SLU ), Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Spanish National Research Council ( CSIC ), Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space [Durham] ( EOS ), University of New Hampshire ( UNH ), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère ( ISPA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes ( EMMAH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Unité de recherche Science du Sol ( USS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Environnement et Grandes Cultures ( EGC ), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Southampton [Southampton], School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department Soil System Science [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ( UFZ ), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Geography, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Institute for Geoecology, Soil Science and Soil Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Institute of Soil Ecology [Neuherberg] ( IBOE ), Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] ( IUP ), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian Albrechts University, Dipartimento IMAGE, and International Centre for Hydrology 'Dino Tonini', Universita degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua = Université de Padoue, Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] (ESS), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space [Durham] (EOS), University of New Hampshire (UNH), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, University of Southampton, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institute of Soil Ecology [Neuherberg] (IBOE), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory [Fort Collins] (NREL), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Bureau of Economic Geology [Austin] (BEG), Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Earth and Life Institute - Environmental Sciences (ELIE), Departement of Soil and Environment, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), and Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig]
Subjects: sol, modélisation des sols, Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, partenariat de recherche, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Sciences de la Terre, expert scientifique, soil
Abstract: absent
Published: 2014

33. Arabidopsis ADR1 helper NLR immune receptors localize and function at the plasma membrane in a phospholipid dependent manner

Author: Svenja C. Saile, Marc T. Nishimura, Farid El Kasmi, Jutta Keicher, Vera Bonardi, Yvon Jaillais, Claudia Oecking, Eva Stöbbe, Li Wan, Jeffery L. Dangl, Frank M. Ackermann, Mehdi Doumane, Sruthi Sunil, Adam M. Bayless, Marie-Cécile Caillaud, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-18-CE13-0025,caLIPSO,Mécanismes du pattern lipidique du réseau trans-Golgien (trans-Golgi Network) et rôles dans le tri des protéines, la polarité cellulaire et le développement des plantes(2018), ANR-16-CE13-0021,INTERPLAY,Role des phosphoinositides pendant la cytokinèse chez les plantes(2016), and École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Programmed cell death, Arabidopsis thaliana, Physiology, Arabidopsis, NLR Proteins, Lipid-anchored protein, Plant Science, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, 01 natural sciences, oligomerization, HeLo-/RPW8-type NLRs, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Receptor, nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs), phospholipids, Plant Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, intracellular localization, biology, Arabidopsis Proteins, Chemistry, Cell Membrane, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Transmembrane domain, plant immunity, hypersensitive response-like cell death, Function (biology), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Activation of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) results in immunity and a localized cell death. NLR cell death activity requires oligomerization and in some cases plasma membrane (PM) localization. The exact mechanisms underlying PM localization of NLRs lacking predicted transmembrane domains or recognizable lipidation motifs remain elusive.We used confocal microscopy, genetically encoded molecular tools and protein-lipid overlay assays to determine whether PM localization of members of the Arabidopsis HeLo-/RPW8-like domain ‘helper’ NLR (RNL) family is mediated by the interaction with negatively charged phospholipids of the PM.Our results show that PM localization and stability of some RNLs and one CC-type NLR (CNL) depend on the direct interaction with PM phospholipids. Depletion of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate from the PM led to a mis-localization of the analyzed NLRs and consequently inhibited their cell death activity. We further demonstrate homo- and hetero-association of members of the RNL family. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of NLR localization and defines an important role of phospholipids for CNL and RNL PM localization and consequently, for their function.We propose that RNLs interact with anionic PM phospholipids and that RNL-mediated cell death and immune responses happen at the PM
Published: 2021

34. Absolute calibration of Fujifilm BAS-TR image plate response to laser driven protons up to 40 MeV

Author: P. Martin, H. Ahmed, D. Doria, A. Alejo, R. Clarke, S. Ferguson, J. Fernández-Tobias, R. R. Freeman, J. Fuchs, A. Green, J. S. Green, D. Gwynne, F. Hanton, J. Jarrett, D. Jung, K. F. Kakolee, A. G. Krygier, C. L. S. Lewis, A. McIlvenny, P. McKenna, J. T. Morrison, Z. Najmudin, K. Naughton, G. Nersisyan, P. Norreys, M. Notley, M. Roth, J. A. Ruiz, C. Scullion, M. Zepf, S. Zhai, M. Borghesi, S. Kar, Centre for Plasma Physics, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Extreme Light Infrastructure, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Mathematics Department, The Ohio State University, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Imperial College London, University of Oxford, Technische Universität Darmstadt - Technical University of Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Helmholtz-Institut Jena, GSI Materialforschung, Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), and Shanghai Normal University (SHNU)
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, QC
Abstract: International audience; Image plates (IPs) are a popular detector in the field of laser driven ion acceleration, owing to their high dynamic range and reusability. An absolute calibration of these detectors to laser-driven protons in the routinely produced tens of MeV energy range is, therefore, essential. In this paper, the response of Fujifilm BAS-TR IPs to 1–40 MeV protons is calibrated by employing the detectors in high resolution Thomson parabola spectrometers in conjunction with a CR-39 nuclear track detector to determine absolute proton numbers. While CR-39 was placed in front of the image plate for lower energy protons, it was placed behind the image plate for energies above 10 MeV using suitable metal filters sandwiched between the image plate and CR-39 to select specific energies. The measured response agrees well with previously reported calibrations as well as standard models of IP response, providing, for the first time, an absolute calibration over a large range of proton energies of relevance to current experiments.
Published: 2022

35. Protected area personnel and ranger numbers are insufficient to deliver global expectations

Author: Michael R. Appleton, Alexandre Courtiol, Lucy Emerton, James L. Slade, Andrew Tilker, Lauren C. Warr, Mónica Álvarez Malvido, James R. Barborak, Louise de Bruin, Rosalie Chapple, Jennifer C. Daltry, Nina P. Hadley, Christopher A. Jordan, François Rousset, Rohit Singh, Eleanor J. Sterling, Erin G. Wessling, Barney Long, Re:Wild, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Fauna and Flora International [Cambridge, UK], Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), World Wide Fund (WWF), Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB), Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, and Harvard University
Subjects: Urban Studies, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Geography, Planning and Development, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Food Science, Ecosystem services, Interdisciplinary studies, Sustainability, Conservation biology
Abstract: The 2020 global spatial targets for protected areas set by the Convention on Biological Diversity have almost been achieved, but management effectiveness remains deficient. Personnel shortages are widely cited as major contributing factors but have not previously been quantified. Using data from 176 countries and territories, we estimate a current maximum of 555,000 terrestrial protected area personnel worldwide (one per 37 km2), including 286,000 rangers (one per 72 km2), far short of published guidance on required densities. Expansion by 2030 to 30% coverage of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures is widely agreed as a minimum for safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services. We project that effective management of this expanded system will require approximately 3 million personnel (one per 13 km2), including more than 1.5 million rangers or equivalents (one per 26 km2). Parallel improvements in resourcing, working conditions and capacity are required for effective, equitable and sustainable management.
Published: 2022

36. A Monte Carlo Method for 3D Radiative Transfer Equations with Multifractional Singular Kernels

Author: Gomez, Christophe, Pinaud, Olivier, Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics [Colorado State University], and Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)
Subjects: Monte Carlo method, long-range correlations, radiative transfer, random media, [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], FOS: Mathematics, wave propagation, Numerical Analysis (math.NA), Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, singular scattering kernels, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], 65C05, 74J20, 78A45, 85A25
Abstract: We propose in this work a Monte Carlo method for three dimensional scalar radiative transfer equations with non-integrable, space-dependent scattering kernels. Such kernels typically account for long-range statistical features, and arise for instance in the context of wave propagation in turbulent atmosphere, geophysics, and medical imaging in the peaked-forward regime. In contrast to the classical case where the scattering cross section is integrable, which results in a non-zero mean free time, the latter here vanishes. This creates numerical difficulties as standard Monte Carlo methods based on a naive regularization exhibit large jump intensities and an increased computational cost. We propose a method inspired by the finance literature based on a small jumps - large jumps decomposition, allowing us to treat the small jumps efficiently and reduce the computational burden. We demonstrate the performance of the approach with numerical simulations and provide a complete error analysis. The multifractional terminology refers to the fact that the high frequency contribution of the scattering operator is a fractional Laplace-Beltrami operator on the unit sphere with space-dependent index., 33 pages, 18 figures
Published: 2022

37. Rice Bran Lipidome Identifies Novel Phospholipids, Glycolipids and Oxylipins with Roles in Lipid Metabolism of Hypercholesterolemic Children

Author: Millena Cristina Barros Santos, Nathalie Barouh, Valérie Lullien‐Pellerin, Valérie Micard, Pierre Villeneuve, Bingqing Zhou, Camille Oger, Claire Vigor, Thierry Durand, Mariana Simões Larraz Ferreira, Claire Bourlieu‐Lacanal, Elizabeth P. Ryan, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR QualiSud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA, 2016-67001-24538, Ryan, the Foundation for Research Support of State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) (26/010.100988/2018, 26/202/709-2018, 26/201.848/2019, 26/200.171/2022), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (427116/2018-0, 310343/2019-4), UNIRIO, Coordination for Improvement of Personnel with Higher Education (CAPES) (financial code 001), Montpellier University of Scholarly Excellence (MUSE)., and ANR-16-IDEX-0006,MUSE,MUSE(2016)
Subjects: [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract: The purpose of the study is to characterize the chemical diversity in Rice bran (RB) lipidome and determine whether daily RB consumption for 4 weeks may modulate plasma lipid profiles in children.Untargeted and targeted lipidomics via ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) were applied to identify bioactive RB lipids from a collection of 17 rice varieties. To determine the impact of RB (Calrose-USA variety) supplementation on plasma lipid profile, a secondary analysis of plasma lipidome was conducted on data recorded in a clinical study (NCT01911390, n = 18 moderately hypercholesterolemic children) before and after 4 weeks of dietary intervention (15 g/d) with a control or RB supplemented snack. Untargeted lipidomic revealed 118 lipids as the core of lipidome across all 17 varieties among which phospholipids were abundant and oxylipins present. Phytoprostanes and phytofurans were quantified and characterized. Lipidome analysis of the children plasma following RB consumption revealed the presence of novel polar lipids and oxylipins alongside putative modulations in endocannabinoids associated with RB consumption.The investigation of novel polar lipids, oxylipins, phytoprostanes, and phytofurans in RB extracts provides support for new health-promoting properties especially interesting for people at risk for cardiometabolic disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2022

38. There is a growing realization that the complexity of model ensemble studies depends not only on the models used but also on the experience and approach used by modelers to calibrate and validate results, which remain a source of uncertainty. Here, we applied a multi-criteria decision-making method to investigate the rationale applied by modelers in a model ensemble study where 12 process-based different biogeochemical model types were compared across five successive calibration stages. The modelers shared a common level of agreement about the importance of the variables used to initialize their models for calibration. However, we found inconsistency among modelers when judging the importance of input variables across different calibration stages. The level of subjective weighting attributed by modelers to calibration data decreased sequentially as the extent and number of variables provided increased. In this context, the perceived importance attributed to variables such as the fertilization rate, irrigation regime, soil texture, pH, and initial levels of soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks was statistically different when classified according to model types. The importance attributed to input variables such as experimental duration, gross primary production, and netecosystem exchange varied significantly according to the length of the modeler’s experience. We argue that the gradual access to input data across the five calibration stages negatively influenced the consistency of the interpretations made by the modelers, with cognitive bias in 'trial-and-error' calibration routines. Our study highlights that overlooking human and social attributes is critical in the outcomes of modeling and model intercomparison studies. While complexity of the processes captured in the model algorithms and parameterization is important, we contend that (1) the modeler’s assumptions on the extent to which parameters should be altered and (2) modeler perceptions of the importance of model parameters are just as critical in obtaining a quality model calibration as numerical or analytical details

Author: Fabrizio Albanito, David McBey, Matthew Harrison, Pete Smith, Fiona Ehrhardt, Arti Bhatia, Gianni Bellocchi, Lorenzo Brilli, Marco Carozzi, Karen Christie, Jordi Doltra, Christopher Dorich, Luca Doro, Peter Grace, Brian Grant, Joël Léonard, Mark Liebig, Cameron Ludemann, Raphael Martin, Elizabeth Meier, Rachelle Meyer, Massimiliano De Antoni Migliorati, Vasileios Myrgiotis, Sylvie Recous, Renáta Sándor, Val Snow, Jean-François Soussana, Ward N. Smith, Nuala Fitton, Producció Vegetal, Cultius Extensius Sostenibles, University of Aberdeen, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), RITTMO Agroenvironnement (RITTMO), Collège de Direction (CODIR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for BioEconomy [Sesto Fiorentino] (IBE | CNR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory [Fort Collins] (NREL), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Texas A and M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), USDA-ARS, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, Sidney, Montana, Cameron Ludemann Consulting, CSIRO Agriculture and Food (CSIRO), Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, School of Geosciences, University of Edimburgh, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre for Agricultural Research [Budapest] (ATK), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), AgResearch Ltd, and Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen
Subjects: model ensembles, biogeochemical models, model calibration, Nitrogen, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Uncertainty, General Chemistry, Carbon, Soil, model intercomparison, climate change, greenhouse gases, AgMIP, Environmental Chemistry, multi-criteria decision-making, Humans, soil carbon, Ecosystem
Abstract: There is a growing realization that the complexity of model ensemble studies depends not only on the models used but also on the experience and approach used by modelers to calibrate and validate results, which remain a source of uncertainty. Here, we applied a multi-criteria decision-making method to investigate the rationale applied by modelers in a model ensemble study where 12 process-based different biogeochemical model types were compared across five successive calibration stages. The modelers shared a common level of agreement about the importance of the variables used to initialize their models for calibration. However, we found inconsistency among modelers when judging the importance of input variables across different calibration stages. The level of subjective weighting attributed by modelers to calibration data decreased sequentially as the extent and number of variables provided increased. In this context, the perceived importance attributed to variables such as the fertilization rate, irrigation regime, soil texture, pH, and initial levels of soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks was statistically different when classified according to model types. The importance attributed to input variables such as experimental duration, gross primary production, and net ecosystem exchange varied significantly according to the length of the modeler’s experience. We argue that the gradual access to input data across the five calibration stages negatively influenced the consistency of the interpretations made by the modelers, with cognitive bias in “trial-and-error” calibration routines. Our study highlights that overlooking human and social attributes is critical in the outcomes of modeling and model intercomparison studies. While complexity of the processes captured in the model algorithms and parameterization is important, we contend that (1) the modeler’s assumptions on the extent to which parameters should be altered and (2) modeler perceptions of the importance of model parameters are just as critical in obtaining a quality model calibration as numerical or analytical details. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
Published: 2022

39. Physiological trait networks enhance understanding of crop growth and water use in contrasting environments

Author: Sean M. Gleason, Dave M. Barnard, Timothy R. Green, Scott Mackay, Diane R. Wang, Elizabeth A. Ainsworth, Jon Altenhofen, Timothy J. Brodribb, Hervé Cochard, Louise H. Comas, Mark Cooper, Danielle Creek, Kendall C. DeJonge, Sylvain Delzon, Felix B. Fritschi, Graeme Hammer, Cameron Hunter, Danica Lombardozzi, Carlos D. Messina, Troy Ocheltree, Bo Maxwell Stevens, Jared J. Stewart, Vincent Vadez, Joshua Wenz, Ian J. Wright, Kevin Yemoto, Huihui Zhang, Water Management and Systems Research (WMSR), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), University at Buffalo [SUNY] (SUNY Buffalo), State University of New York (SUNY), Purdue University [West Lafayette], University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics [Inde] (ICRISAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), and Macquarie University
Subjects: photosynthesis, Physiology, stomata, Water, food and beverages, Plant Science, plant growth, xylem, maize, process simulation, crop improvement, Droughts, Plant Leaves, Soil, breeding, Plant Stomata, hydraulic traits, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, water potential, Edible Grain, Ecosystem
Abstract: Plant function arises from a complex network of structural and physiological traits. Explicit representation of these traits, as well as their connections with other biophysical processes, is required to advance our understanding of plant-soil-climate interactions. We used the Terrestrial Regional Ecosystem Exchange Simulator (TREES) to evaluate physiological trait networks in maize. Net primary productivity (NPP) and grain yield were simulated across five contrasting climate scenarios. Simulations achieving high NPP and grain yield in high precipitation environments featured trait networks conferring high water use strategies: deep roots, high stomatal conductance at low water potential (“risky” stomatal regulation), high xylem hydraulic conductivity, and high maximal leaf area index. In contrast, high NPP and grain yield was achieved in dry environments with low late-season precipitation via water conserving trait networks: deep roots, high embolism resistance, and low stomatal conductance at low leaf water potential (“conservative” stomatal regulation). We suggest that our approach, which allows for the simultaneous evaluation of physiological traits and their interactions (i.e., networks), has potential to improve crop growth predictions in different environments. In contrast, evaluating single traits in isolation of other coordinated traits does not appear to be an effective strategy for predicting plant performance.Summary statementOur process-based model uncovered two beneficial but contrasting trait networks for maize which can be understood by their integrated effect on water use/conservation. Modification of multiple, physiologically aligned, traits were required to bring about meaningful improvements in NPP and yield.
Published: 2022

40. Exact geometric theory of dendronized polymer dynamics

Author: Darryl D. Holm, Tudor S. Ratiu, François Gay-Balmaz, Vakhtang Putkaradze, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Department of Mathematics [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Department of Mathematics [Fort Collins], College of Natural Sciences [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)-Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Section de Mathématiques and Bernoulli Center, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Tangent bundle, Poisson bracket, Dendrimers, Nonlocal potential, Momentum map, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, Euler–Lagrange equations, Euler-Poincare equations, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Symmetry reduction, Variational principle, Cocycle, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics, Semidirect product, Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules, Applied Mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Modeling, Equations of motion, Euler–Poincaré equations, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Dendronized polymer, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, 0104 chemical sciences, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Geometric group theory, Iterated function, Euler-Lagrange equations, Polymer dynamics, Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD), 0210 nano-technology, Rotation (mathematics)
Abstract: Dendronized polymers consist of an elastic backbone with a set of iterated branch structures (dendrimers)attached at every base point of the backbone. The conformations of such molecules depend on the elastic deformation of the backbone and the branches, as well as on nonlocal (e.g., electrostatic, or Lennard-Jones) interactions between the elementary molecular units comprising the dendrimers and/or backbone. We develop a geometrically exact theory for the dynamics of such polymers, taking into account both local (elastic) and nonlocal interactions. The theory is based on applying symmetry reduction of Hamilton's principle for a Lagrangian defined on the tangent bundle of iterated semidirect products of the rotation groups that represent the relative orientations of the dendritic branches of the polymer. The resulting symmetry-reduced equations of motion are written in conservative form., Comment: 33 pages, 2 figures, first version, please send comments
Published: 2012

41. Airborne lidar measurements of XCO$_2$ in synoptically active environment and associated comparisons with numerical simulations

Author: Samantha Walley, Sandip Pal, Joel F. Campbell, Jeremy Dobler, Emily Bell, Brad Weir, Sha Feng, Thomas Lauvaux, David Baker, Nathan Blume, Wayne Erxleben, Tai‐Fang Fan, Bing Lin, Doug McGregor, Michael D. Obland, Chris O'Dell, Kenneth J. Davis, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Texas Tech University [Lubbock] (TTU), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Spectral Sensor Solutions LLC, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3 Harris Technologies, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Hampton] (SSAI), and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute [PennState] (EESI)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Frontal boundaries have been shown to cause large changes in CO$_2$ mole-fractions, but clouds and the complex vertical structure of fronts make these gradients difficult to observe. It remains unclear how the column average CO$_2$ dry air mole-fraction (XCO$_2$) changes spatially across fronts, and how well airborne lidar observations, data assimilation systems, and numerical models without assimilation capture XCO$_2$ frontal contrasts (ΔXCO$_2$, i.e., warm minus cold sector average of XCO$_2$). We demonstrated the potential of airborne Multifunctional Fiber Laser Lidar (MFLL) measurements in heterogeneous weather conditions (i.e., frontal environment) to investigate the ΔXCO$_2$ during four seasonal field campaigns of the Atmospheric Carbon and Transport-America (ACT-America) mission. Most frontal cases in summer (winter) reveal higher (lower) XCO$_2$ in the warm (cold) sector than in the cold (warm) sector. During the transitional seasons (spring and fall), no clear signal in ΔXCO$_2$ was observed. Intercomparison among the MFLL, assimilated fields from NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), and simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting-—Chemistry (WRF-Chem) showed that (a) all products had a similar sign of ΔXCO$_2$ though with different levels of agreement in ΔXCO$_2$ magnitudes among seasons; (b) ΔXCO$_2$ in summer decreases with altitude; and (c) significant challenges remain in observing and simulating XCO$_2$ frontal contrasts. A linear regression analyses between ΔXCO$_2$ for MFLL versus GMAO, and MFLL versus WRF-Chem for summer-2016 cases yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.95 and 0.88, respectively. The reported ΔXCO2 variability among four seasons provide guidance to the spatial structures of XCO$_2$ transport errors in models and satellite measurements of XCO$_2$ in synoptically-active weather systems.
Published: 2022

42. Robust, high speed low frequency coherent Raman microscopy, International conference on Raman spectroscopy

Author: Bartels, R., Rigneault, Hervé, Shivkumar, Siddarth, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Rigneault, Herve
Subjects: [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

43. The SARS-CoV nsp12 Polymerase Active Site Is Tuned for Large-Genome Replication

Author: Grace Campagnola, Vishnu Govindarajan, Annelise Pelletier, Bruno Canard, Olve B. Peersen, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Catalytic Domain, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Virology, Insect Science, Immunology, RNA, RNA, Viral, Genome, Viral, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, Virus Replication, Microbiology
Abstract: Positive-strand RNA viruses replicate their genomes using virally encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRP) with a common active-site structure and closure mechanism upon which replication speed and fidelity can evolve to optimize virus fitness. Coronaviruses (CoV) form large multicomponent RNA replication-transcription complexes containing a core RNA synthesis machine made of the nsp12 RdRP protein with one nsp7 and two nsp8 proteins as essential subunits required for activity. We show that assembly of this complex can be accelerated 5-fold by preincubation of nsp12 with nsp8 and further optimized with the use of a novel nsp8L7 heterodimer fusion protein construct. Using rapid kinetics methods, we measure elongation rates of up to 260 nucleotides (nt)/s for the core replicase, a rate that is unusually fast for a viral polymerase. To address the origin of this fast rate, we examined the roles of two CoV-specific residues in the RdRP active site: Ala547, which replaces a conserved glutamate above the bound NTP, and Ser759, which mutates the palm domain GDD sequence to SDD. Our data show that Ala547 allows for a doubling of replication rate, but this comes at a fidelity cost that is mitigated by using a SDD sequence in the palm domain. Our biochemical data suggest that fixation of mutations in polymerase motifs F and C played a key role in nidovirus evolution by tuning replication rate and fidelity to accommodate their large genomes.
Published: 2022

44. Evaluating expert-based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS-tracking data

Author: Maarten J. E. Broekman, Jelle P. Hilbers, Mark A. J. Huijbregts, Thomas Mueller, Abdullahi H. Ali, Henrik Andrén, Jeanne Altmann, Malin Aronsson, Nina Attias, Hattie L. A. Bartlam‐Brooks, Floris M. van Beest, Jerrold L. Belant, Dean E. Beyer, Laura Bidner, Niels Blaum, Randall B. Boone, Mark S. Boyce, Michael B. Brown, Francesca Cagnacci, Rok Černe, Simon Chamaillé‐Jammes, Nandintsetseg Dejid, Jasja Dekker, Arnaud L. J. Desbiez, Samuel L. Díaz‐Muñoz, Julian Fennessy, Claudia Fichtel, Christina Fischer, Jason T. Fisher, Ilya Fischhoff, Adam T. Ford, John M. Fryxell, Benedikt Gehr, Jacob R. Goheen, Morgan Hauptfleisch, A. J. Mark Hewison, Robert Hering, Marco Heurich, Lynne A. Isbell, René Janssen, Florian Jeltsch, Petra Kaczensky, Peter M. Kappeler, Miha Krofel, Scott LaPoint, A. David M. Latham, John D. C. Linnell, A. Catherine Markham, Jenny Mattisson, Emilia Patricia Medici, Guilherme de Miranda Mourão, Bram Van Moorter, Ronaldo G. Morato, Nicolas Morellet, Atle Mysterud, Stephen Mwiu, John Odden, Kirk A. Olson, Aivars Ornicāns, Nives Pagon, Manuela Panzacchi, Jens Persson, Tyler Petroelje, Christer Moe Rolandsen, David Roshier, Daniel I. Rubenstein, Sonia Saïd, Albert R. Salemgareyev, Hall Sawyer, Niels Martin Schmidt, Nuria Selva, Agnieszka Sergiel, Jared Stabach, Jenna Stacy‐Dawes, Frances E. C. Stewart, Jonas Stiegler, Olav Strand, Siva Sundaresan, Nathan J. Svoboda, Wiebke Ullmann, Ulrich Voigt, Jake Wall, Martin Wikelski, Christopher C. Wilmers, Filip Zięba, Tomasz Zwijacz‐Kozica, Aafke M. Schipper, Marlee A. Tucker, MAARTEN J. E. BROEKMAN, Radboud University, JELLE P. HILBERS, Radboud University, MARK A. J. HUIJBREGTS, Radboud University, THOMAS MUELLER, Radboud University, ABDULLAHI H. ALI, Hirola Conservation Programme, Garissa, HENRIK ANDRÉN, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, JEANNE ALTMANN, Princeton University, MALIN ARONSSON, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, NINA ATTIAS, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, HATTIE L. A. BARTLAM-BROOKS, Royal Veterinary College, London, FLORIS M. VAN BEEST, Aarhus University, Roskilde, JERROLD L. BELANT, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, DEAN E. BEYER, Michigan State University, LAURA BIDNER, University of California, NIELS BLAUM, University of Potsdam, RANDALL B. BOONE, Colorado State University, MARK S. BOYCE, University of Alberta, MICHAEL B. BROWN, Giraffe Conservation Foundation, Eros, FRANCESCA CAGNACCI, Research and Innovation Centre, ROK CERNE, Slovenia Forest Service, Ljubljana, SIMON CHAMAILLÉ-JAMMES, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier, NANDINTSETSEG DEJID, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, JASJA DEKKER, Bionet Natuuronderzoek, ARNAUD L. J. DESBIEZ, Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres (ICAS), SAMUEL L. DÍAZ-MUÑOZ, University of California, JULIAN FENNESSY, Giraffe Conservation Foundation, CLAUDIA FICHTEL, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, Göttingen, CHRISTINA FISCHER, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, JASON T. FISHER, University of Victoria, ILYA FISCHHOFF, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, ADAM T. FORD, University of British Columbia, JOHN M. FRYXELL, University of Guelph, Guelph, BENEDIKT GEHR, University of Zurich, JACOB R. GOHEEN, University of Wyoming, MORGAN HAUPTFLEISCH, Namibia University of Science and Technology, A. J. MARK HEWISON, Université de Toulouse, ROBERT HERING, University of Potsdam, MARCO HEURICH, Bavarian Forest National Park, LYNNE A. ISBELL, University of California, RENÉ JANSSEN, Bionet Natuuronderzoek, FLORIAN JELTSCH, University of Potsdam, PETRA KACZENSKY, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, PETER M. KAPPELER, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, MIHA KROFEL, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SCOTT LAPOINT, Black Rock Forest, Cornwall, A. DAVID M. LATHAM, University of Alberta, JOHN D. C. LINNELL, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, A. CATHERINE MARKHAM, Stony Brook University, JENNY MATTISSON, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, EMILIA PATRICIA MEDICI, Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, GUILHERME DE MIRANDA MOURAO, CPAP, BRAM VAN MOORTER, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, RONALDO G. MORATO, Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity, NICOLAS MORELLET, Université de Toulouse, ATLE MYSTERUD, Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity, STEPHEN MWIU, Wildlife Research and Training Institute, JOHN ODDEN, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, KIRK A. OLSON, Wildlife Conservation Society, AIVARS ORNICANS, Latvian State Forest Research Institute, NIVES PAGON, Slovenia Forest Service, MANUELA PANZACCHI, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, TYLER PETROELJE, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, CHRISTER MOE ROLANDSEN, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, DAVID ROSHIER, Australian Wildlife Conservancy, DANIEL I. RUBENSTEIN, Princeton University, SONIA SAÏD, Office Français de la Biodiversité, ALBERT R. SALEMGAREYEV, Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK), HALL SAWYER, Western Ecosystems Technology Inc., NIELS MARTIN SCHMIDT, Aarhus University, NURIA SELVA, Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, AGNIESZKA SERGIEL, Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, JARED STABACH, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, JENNA STACY-DAWES, Conservation Science and Wildlife Health, FRANCES E. C. STEWART, University of Victoria, JONAS STIEGLER, University of Potsdam, OLAV STRAND, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, SIVA SUNDARESAN, Greater Yellowstone Coalition, NATHAN J. SVOBODA, Mississippi State University, WIEBKE ULLMANN, University of Potsdam, ULRICH VOIGT, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, JAKE WALL, Mara Elephant Project, MARTIN WIKELSKI, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, CHRISTOPHER C. WILMERS, University of California, FILIP ZIEBA, Tatra National Park, Zakopane, TOMASZ ZWIJACZ-KOZICA, Tatra National Park, Zakopane, AAFKE M. SCHIPPER, Radboud University, MARLEE A. TUCKER, Radboud University., Radboud University [Nijmegen], Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Hirola Conservation Programme, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Princeton University, Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres, Royal Veterinary College [London], University of London [London], Aarhus University [Aarhus], State University of New York (SUNY), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Alberta, Giraffe Conservation Foundation, Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), SLOVENIA FOREST SERVICE SVN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association, German Primate Center - Deutsches Primatenzentrum -- Leibniz Insitute for Primate Research -- [Göttingen, Allemagne] (GPC - DPZ), Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Guelph, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), University of Wyoming (UW), Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences - Høgskolen i Innlandet, Bionet Natuuronderzoek, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), University of Ljubljana, Columbia University [New York], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas (IPÊ), Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, National Research Center for Carnivores Conservation, University of Oslo (UiO), Wildlife Research and Training Institute, Wildlife Conservation Society [Mongolia], Latvian State Forest Research Institute 'Silava', Australian Wildlife Conservancy, Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan, Western Ecosystems Technology Inc., Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Wilfrid Laurier University (WLU), Greater Yellowstone Coalition, Mississippi State University [Mississippi], University of Veterinary Medicine [Hannover], Mara Elephant Project, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), Tatra National Park, Partenaires INRAE, ANR-16-CE02-0001,LANDTHIRST,Les paysages de la soif: changement climatique et ajustements comportementaux face au manque d'eau(2016), and ANR-16-CE02-0010,Mov-It,Le mouvement des ongulés au sein de paysages hétérogènes: identification des processus comportementaux reliant les changements globaux aux performances démographiques et à la gestion spatialement explicite(2016)
Subjects: SELECTION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], GPS, VDP::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480, RANGING BEHAVIOR, telemetrija, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, sesalci, IUCN, Telemetry, habitatni tip, Mammals, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, telemetry, THREAT, telemetry expert opinion, EXTINCTION RISK, expert opinion, CAPTURE, Comportamento Animal, Habitat use, Expert opinion, Habitat suitability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, selitev, movement, Animal behavior, LAND, habitat suitability, Movement, selection ratio, raba prostora, ROE DEER, ddc:570, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, habitat type, udc:630*15, mammals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, AVAILABILITY, Expert opinion, GPS, habitat suitability, habitat type, habitat use, IUCN, mammals, movement, selection ratio, telemetry, habitat use, primernost habitata, Climate Action, Ecological Applications, strokovno mnenje, PATTERNS, VDP::Zoology and botany: 480, Environmental Sciences, FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES
Abstract: Aim: Macroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert- based informa-tion is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert- based in-formation with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert- based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS-tracking data of 1,498 individu-als from 49 mammal species.Location: Worldwide.Time period: 1998–2021.Major taxa studied: Forty- nine terrestrial mammal species.Methods: Using GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habi-tat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS- based habitat suitability measures were in agree-ment with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN's classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types.Results: IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (> 95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a > 50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively.Main conclusions: We show how GPS-tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species in-cluded in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macro-ecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS-tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re-evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data. expert opinion, GPS, habitat suitability, habitat type, habitat use, IUCN, mammals, movement, selection ratio, telemetry
Published: 2022

45. Do morphological traits of ground-dwelling ants respond to land use changes in a neotropical landscape?

Author: Catalina Sanabria, Sébastien Barot, Steven J. Fonte, Florence Dubs, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Department of Soil and Crop Sciences [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Colombian Ministry of Agriculture., PDBCEX Conv.568, from Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovacion - COLCIEN-CIAS in Colombia., and Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
Subjects: Soil management, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RLQ analysis, Soil Science, Land uses, Soil properties, Ant species
Abstract: International audience; Analyzing the impacts of agricultural activities on biodiversity requires a full knowledge of the ecology of the studied species. Using a trait-based approach may improve our ability to understand land use impacts on less well-studied species in order to establish general trends that will facilitate the prediction of these impacts. In this study, we applied a trait-based approach to understand the impact of land use change on ant communities in the Colombian Llanos region. Five common land uses were considered (annual crops, rubber plantations, oil palm plantations, improved pastures and semi-natural savannas) to test whether some morphological traits respond to soil properties and land uses. An RLQ analysis shows a significant common structure between species distribution, environmental factors, and morphological ant traits. This indicates that morphological traits could be used to predict the response of ant communities in different land uses since they respond to environmental characteristics as vegetation complexity, composition and management. Based on the selected morphological ant traits,three groups of land uses were differentiated: grazing-based systems, agroforestry plantations and annual crops. Agroforestry plantations, especially rubber plantations tend to host larger and specialized ant species, while grazing-based systems (i.e. improved pastures) mainly host small and generalist ants, and annual crops host more pigmented ants. These findings suggest that certain morphological traits can reflect the ability of ant species to settle down and survive in a given land use system. Our study shows that improving knowledge about trait-environment associations could be a useful way to better understand how ecological filtering shape neotropical ant communities and how they respond to landscape transformation and land use changes.
Published: 2022

46. Soil macroinvertebrate communities: A world‐wide assessment

Author: Patrick Lavelle, Jérôme Mathieu, Alister Spain, George Brown, Carlos Fragoso, Emmanuel Lapied, Adriana De Aquino, Isabelle Barois, Edmundo Barrios, Maria Eleusa Barros, Jose Camilo Bedano, Eric Blanchart, Mark Caulfield, Yamileth Chagueza, Jun Dai, Thibaud Decaëns, Anahi Dominguez, Yamileth Dominguez, Alexander Feijoo, Patricia Folgarait, Steven J. Fonte, Norma Gorosito, Esperanza Huerta, Juan Jose Jimenez, Courtland Kelly, Gladys Loranger, Robelio Marchão, Raphael Marichal, Catarina Praxedes, Leonardo Rodriguez, Guillaume Rousseau, Laurent Rousseau, Nuria Ruiz, Catalina Sanabria, Juan Carlos Suarez, Jerôme Ebagnerin Tondoh, Anne De Valença, Steven J. Vanek, Joel Vasquez, Elena Velasquez, Emily Webster, Chi Zhang, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), perso, Adresse personnelle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Instituto de Ecologia (INECOL), Taxonomia International Foundation, FAO Plant Production and Protection Division (FAO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), National University of Río Cuarto = Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Universidad del Atlántico (UA), Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira [Colombie] (UTP), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), EI Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE), Université des Antilles (Pôle Guadeloupe), Université des Antilles (UA), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Universidad de la Amazonia [Caquetá], Universidade Estadual do Maranhão = State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), Universidad del Valle [Cali] (Univalle), Université Nangui Abrogoua (UNA), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana [Loreto, Perou] (UNAP), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, Geology Department, FCEFQyN, ICBIA-CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), National University of Río Cuarto, Farming Systems Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Department of biodiversity conservation and ecosystem restoration, Faculté des sciences exactes et naturelles (UFR SEN), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados, Embrapa Cerrados Planaltina, Coordenação de Zoologia, and We are grateful to Drs John Donaldson and Stella Zerbino for providing data from Australia and Uruguay, respectively, for the Macrofauna database.
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Macrofauna database, P34 - Biologie du sol, Farm Systems Ecology Group, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, soil ecology, Soil Physics and Land Management, communities, land cover, soil macroinvertebrates, L20 - Écologie animale, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, network analysis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Aim: Macroinvertebrates comprise a highly diverse set of taxa with great potential as indicators of soil quality. Communities were sampled at 3,694 sites distributed world-wide. We aimed to analyse the patterns of abundance, composition and network characteristics and their relationships to latitude, mean annual temperature and rainfall, land cover, soil texture and agricultural practices. Location: Sites are distributed in 41 countries, ranging from 55 degrees S to 57 degrees N latitude, from 0 to 4,000 m in elevation, with annual rainfall ranging from 500 to >3,000 mm and mean temperatures of 5-32 degrees C. Time period: 1980-2018. Major taxa studied: All soil macroinvertebrates: Haplotaxida; Coleoptera; Formicidae; Arachnida; Chilopoda; Diplopoda; Diptera; Isoptera; Isopoda; Homoptera; Hemiptera; Gastropoda; Blattaria; Orthoptera; Lepidoptera; Dermaptera; and "others". Methods: Standard ISO 23611-5 sampling protocol was applied at all sites. Data treatment used a set of multivariate analyses, principal components analysis (PCA) on macrofauna data transformed by Hellinger's method, multiple correspondence analysis for environmental data (latitude, elevation, temperature and average annual rainfall, type of vegetation cover) transformed into discrete classes, coinertia analysis to compare these two data sets, and bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap tests to evaluate the part of the variance of the macrofauna data attributable to each of the environmental factors. Network analysis was performed. Each pairwise association of taxonomic units was tested against a null model considering local and regional scales, in order to avoid spurious correlations. Results: Communities were separated into five clusters reflecting their densities and taxonomic richness. They were significantly influenced by climatic conditions, soil texture and vegetation cover. Abundance and diversity, highest in tropical forests (1,895 +/- 234 individuals/m(2)) and savannahs (1,796 +/- 72 individuals/m(2)), progressively decreased in tropical cropping systems (tree-associated crops, 1,358 +/- 120 individuals/m(2); pastures, 1,178 +/- 154 individuals/m(2); and annual crops, 867 +/- 62 individuals/m(2)), temperate grasslands (529 +/- 60 individuals/m(2)), forests (232 +/- 20 individuals/m(2)) and annual crops (231 +/- 24 individuals/m(2)) and temperate dry forests and shrubs (195 +/- 11 individuals/m(2)). Agricultural management decreased overall abundance by
Published: 2022

47. Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity

Author: Beth A. Reinke, Hugo Cayuela, Fredric J. Janzen, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, A. Michelle Lawing, John B. Iverson, Ditte G. Christiansen, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Gregorio Sánchez-Montes, Jorge Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Francis L. Rose, Nicola Nelson, Susan Keall, Alain J. Crivelli, Theodoros Nazirides, Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth, Klaus Henle, Emiliano Mori, Gaëtan Guiller, Rebecca Homan, Anthony Olivier, Erin Muths, Blake R. Hossack, Xavier Bonnet, David S. Pilliod, Marieke Lettink, Tony Whitaker, Benedikt R. Schmidt, Michael G. Gardner, Marc Cheylan, Françoise Poitevin, Ana Golubović, Ljiljana Tomović, Dragan Arsovski, Richard A. Griffiths, Jan W. Arntzen, Jean-Pierre Baron, Jean-François Le Galliard, Thomas Tully, Luca Luiselli, Massimo Capula, Lorenzo Rugiero, Rebecca McCaffery, Lisa A. Eby, Venetia Briggs-Gonzalez, Frank Mazzotti, David Pearson, Brad A. Lambert, David M. Green, Nathalie Jreidini, Claudio Angelini, Graham Pyke, Jean-Marc Thirion, Pierre Joly, Jean-Paul Léna, Anton D. Tucker, Col Limpus, Pauline Priol, Aurélien Besnard, Pauline Bernard, Kristin Stanford, Richard King, Justin Garwood, Jaime Bosch, Franco L. Souza, Jaime Bertoluci, Shirley Famelli, Kurt Grossenbacher, Omar Lenzi, Kathleen Matthews, Sylvain Boitaud, Deanna H. Olson, Tim S. Jessop, Graeme R. Gillespie, Jean Clobert, Murielle Richard, Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez, Gary M. Fellers, Patrick M. Kleeman, Brian J. Halstead, Evan H. Campbell Grant, Phillip G. Byrne, Thierry Frétey, Bernard Le Garff, Pauline Levionnois, John C. Maerz, Julian Pichenot, Kurtuluş Olgun, Nazan Üzüm, Aziz Avcı, Claude Miaud, Johan Elmberg, Gregory P. Brown, Richard Shine, Nathan F. Bendik, Lisa O’Donnell, Courtney L. Davis, Michael J. Lannoo, Rochelle M. Stiles, Robert M. Cox, Aaron M. Reedy, Daniel A. Warner, Eric Bonnaire, Kristine Grayson, Roberto Ramos-Targarona, Eyup Baskale, David Muñoz, John Measey, F. Andre de Villiers, Will Selman, Victor Ronget, Anne M. Bronikowski, David A. W. Miller, Northeastern Illinois University, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Department of Ecology and Evolution [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Iowa State University (ISU), W. K. Kellogg Biological Station (KBS), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Texas A&M University [College Station], Earlham College, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Department of Biological Sciences [Lubbock], Texas Tech University [Lubbock] (TTU), School of Biological Sciences [Wellington, New Zealand], Victoria University of Wellington, Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Auteur indépendant, Department of Conservation Biology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems [CNR, Italy] (IRET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Le Grand Momesson, Bouvron, France, Denison University, Fort Collins Science Center (FORT), US Geological Survey [Fort Collins], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS)-United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), University of Montana, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC), Info Fauna Karch 2000, Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Macedonian Ecological Society, University of Kent [Canterbury], Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation [Rome, Italy], Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Université de Lomé [Togo], Museo Civico di Zoologia, U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions [Australia], Parks and Wildlife Service of Northern Territory, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Redpath Museum, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Kunming Institute of Botany [CAS] (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Macquarie University, Association Objectifs Biodiversités (OBIOS), Équipe 4 - Écophysiologie, Comportement, Conservation (E2C), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSIRO, EcoSciences Precinct, StatiPOP, scientific consulting, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Northern Illinois University, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], Department of Biology [Mato Grosso], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT University), University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI), Naturhistorisches Museum [Bern], USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Deakin University [Waurn Ponds], Palmerston North Research Centre, Plant & Food Research, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Austral de Chile, ONG Ranita de Darwin, U.S Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Wollongong], Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia]-University of Wollongong [Australia], Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Office national des forêts (ONF), University of Georgia [USA], Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Eco-éthologie (2C2A-CERFE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, University College of Kristianstad, Watershed Protection Department, Cornell Lab of Ornithology [New York], Cornell University [New York], Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System, University of Virginia, Auburn University (AU), University of Richmond, Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente (CITMA), Pamukkale University, Stellenbosch University, Millsaps College, Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01AG049416 (to A.M.B., F.J.J., and D.A.W.M.). H.C. was supported as a postdoctoral researcher by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 31003A_182265)., Office National des Forêts (ONF), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), and Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
Subjects: life history, demography, Aging, phenotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Longevity, tetrapod, ectothermy, phylogeny, Amphibia, Amphibians, VERTEBRADOS, evolution, Animals, animal, Multidisciplinary, nonhuman, article, Reptiles, mortality, Biological Evolution, phylogenetics, reptile, GN, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, environmental temperature, body size
Abstract: Comparative studies of mortality in the wild are necessary to understand the evolution of aging; yet, ectothermic tetrapods are underrepresented in this comparative landscape, despite their suitability for testing evolutionary hypotheses. We present a study of aging rates and longevity across wild tetrapod ectotherms, using data from 107 populations (77 species) of nonavian reptiles and amphibians. We test hypotheses of how thermoregulatory mode, environmental temperature, protective phenotypes, and pace of life history contribute to demographic aging. Controlling for phylogeny and body size, ectotherms display a higher diversity of aging rates compared with endotherms and include phylogenetically widespread evidence of negligible aging. Protective phenotypes and life-history strategies further explain macroevolutionary patterns of aging. Analyzing ectothermic tetrapods in a comparative context enhances our understanding of the evolution of aging.
Published: 2022

48. Synthesis, biological activity, and evaluation of the mode of action of novel antitubercular benzofurobenzopyrans substituted on A ring

Author: Yves L. Janin, Jana Korduláková, Mary Jackson, Roland Brosch, François Tillequin, Fabienne Bardou, Inana Khouri, Soizic Prado, Brigitte Saint-Joanis, Sylvie Michel, Ioannis S. Vizirianakis, Elsa P. Amanatiadou, Aikaterini Termentzi, Mamadou Daffé, Thomas Gaslonde, Synthèse et structure de molécules d'interet pharmacologique (SSMIP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Moléculaire Bactérienne, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale (IPBS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Chimie Organique, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synthèse et structure de molécules d'interet pharmacologique ( SSMIP ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes ( MCAM ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structurale ( IPBS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Comenius University, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), Chimie Organique ( UCO ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Comenius University [Bratislava], and Chimie Organique (UCO)
Subjects: Stereochemistry, medicine.drug_class, Antitubercular Agents, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, 010402 general chemistry, Ring (chemistry), Antimycobacterial, 01 natural sciences, Chemical synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationship, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nucleophilic aromatic substitution, Chlorocebus aethiops, Drug Discovery, medicine, Animals, Structure–activity relationship, Benzopyrans, Vero Cells, Benzofurans, Antibacterial agent, Pharmacology, Cell Death, Molecular Structure, 010405 organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Stereoisomerism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, General Medicine, Mycobacterium bovis, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, Benzopyran, chemistry, Pyran
Abstract: International audience; The 8-, 9-, 10-, and 11-halo, hydroxy, and methoxy derivatives of the antimycobacterial 3,3-dimethyl-3H-benzofuro[3,2-f][1]benzopyran were synthesized by condensation of the diazonium salts of 2-chloroanilines (13-17) with 1,4-benzoquinone (18), reduction of the intermediate phenylbenzoquinones 19-22 to dihydroxybiphenyls, cyclisation to halo-2-hydroxydibenzofurans 24-27, and construction of the pyran ring by thermal rearrangement of the corresponding dimethylpropargyl ethers 35-38. Palladium catalyzed nucleophilic aromatic substitution permitted conversion of the halo to the corresponding hydroxy derivatives which were methylated to methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-3H-benzofuro[3,2-f][1]benzopyran. All compounds substituted on the A ring were found more potent than the reference compound 1 against Mycobacterium bovis BCG and the virulent strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The effect of the most active derivatives on mycolate synthesis was explored in order to confirm the preliminary hypothesis of an effect on mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis. The linear 9-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-benzofuro[2,3-g][1]benzopyran (46) exhibiting a good antimycobacterial activity and devoid of cytotoxicity appeared to be the most promising compound.
Published: 2010

49. Climate control of terrestrial carbon exchange across biomes and continents

Author: Susumu Yamamoto, Tilden P. Meyers, Roberto Zampedri, Sonia Wharton, Krisztina Pintér, Nobuko Saigusa, Christopher B. Williams, Danilo Dragoni, João Pereira, Marc Aubinet, Gregory Starr, Janne Rinne, Jörgen Sagerfors, Alan Barr, Robert Clement, Mario B. S. Siqueira, Nina Buchmann, Lindsay B. Hutley, Laurent Misson, Jingxin Wang, Peter S. Curtis, Xinquan Zhao, Gabriel G. Katul, Leonardo Montagnani, Anders Lindroth, Thomas Foken, Stephen G. Pallardy, Haiqiang Guo, Tuomas Laurila, Casimiro Pio, M. Myklebust, Alessandro Araújo, John D. Albertson, Philippe Ciais, Christoph S. Vogel, Russell K. Monson, Werner L. Kutsch, James T. Randerson, Mika Aurela, Giorgio Matteucci, Chuixiang Yi, Ronald J. Ryel, Andrew Black, J. William Munger, Meelis Moelder, Eric Dufrêne, Christian Feigenwinter, Corinna Rebmann, Torbjoern Johansson, Fred C. Bosveld, Jiquan Chen, Benjamin Loubet, Alexander Knohl, Timothy A. Martin, J. Fuhrer, Nicolas Delpierre, Andreas Ibrom, Michael L. Goulden, Zoltán Barcza, Albin Hammerle, John Tenhunen, Lawrence B. Flanagan, Giovanni Manca, John Wolbeck, Mark A. Sutton, Paul Berbigier, Guirui Yu, William J. Massman, Ankur R. Desai, Eddy Moors, Mukufute M. Mukelabai, Christof Ammann, Hank A. Margolis, Lianhong Gu, Bernard Heinesch, Mats Nilsson, Allison L. Dunn, Ray Leuning, Zoltán Nagy, D. Bryan Dail, Shaoqiang Wang, Celso von Randow, Carole Helfter, Jason Beringer, Guenther Seufert, John Moncrieff, Hans Peter Schmid, Gerard Kiely, Luis Aires, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, André Granier, Thomas Gruenwald, Bruce D. Cook, Georg Wohlfahrt, Thomas Kolb, Shijie Han, Xiyan Xu, Pierre Cellier, Michal V. Marek, Allen H. Goldstein, Xuefa Wen, M. S. J. Broadmeadow, Serge Rambal, Paul V. Bolstad, Ram Oren, Daniel M. Ricciuto, Tha Paw U Kyaw, Werner Eugster, Sean P. Burns, Zoltán Tuba, M. Altaf Arain, Riccardo Valentini, Corinne Jacobs, Heping Liu, Christine Moureaux, Weiguo Wang, Marjan Jongen, Runze Li, Gabriel Pita, Bin Zhao, Nigel T. Roulet, Niall P. Hanan, Christian Bernhofer, Walter C. Oechel, Harry McCaughey, Bert G. Drake, Lutz Merbold, M. Montes-Helu, Peter M. Lafleur, Asko Noormets, Jean-François Soussana, John M. Frank, Katja Klumpp, Giuseppe-Scarascia Mugnozza, Jan Elbers, Sabina Dore, Dimmie Hendriks, Mirco Migliavacca, María José Sanz, Franco Miglietta, Roser Matamala, László Haszpra, Lisa R. Welp, Damiano Gianelle, Matthew Wilkinson, Kim Pilegaard, Federica Rossi, Thomas L. Powell, Jingming Chen, Ebba Dellwik, Matthias Falk, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), Environmental Sciences Division [Oak Ridge], Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-UT-Battelle, LLC, Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), CESAM and Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University [Durham], Agroscope, School of Geography and Earth Sciences [Hamilton ON], McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Unit of Biosystem Physics, Université de Liège, Climate and Global Change Research [Helsinki], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Meteorology [Budapest], Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Faculty of Sciences [Budapest], Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Faculty of Sciences [Budapest], Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), School of Geography and Environmental Science, Monash University [Clayton], Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology [Dresden], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Forest Research, Institute of Plant Science, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Department of Environmental Sciences [Toledo USA], University of Toledo, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Department of Plant, Soil, and Environmental Science, University of Maine, Wind Energy Division [Roskilde], Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)-Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Madison], University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Atmospheric Science Program, Department of Geography, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physical and Earth Science, Worcester State College, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institute for Meteorology, Climatology and Remote Sensing [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Micrometeorology Group [Bayreuth], Universität Bayreuth, Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Environment and Natural Resources Area, Istituto Agrario di San Michele all'Adige (IASMA), Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley] (ESPM), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] (ESS), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering [Shanghai], Institute of Biodiversity Science at Fudan University [Shanghai] (IBSFU), Institute of Ecology, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory [Fort Collins] (NREL), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSZ), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Department of Hydrology and Geo-Environmental Sciences [Amsterdam], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Biosystems Division [Roskilde], Earth System Science and Climate Change Group, Geobiosphere Science Centre, Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University [Lund], Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), School of the Environment, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University College Cork (UCC), Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), Institut für Agrarrelevante Klimaforschung, Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (vTI), Trent University, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Department of Physics, Atmospheric Sciences and Geoscience [Jackson], Jackson State University (JSU), Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Division of Ecosystems Processes Lab. of Plants Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Centre d'études de la forêt Faculté de Foresterie et de Géomatique, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, ARL Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division (ATD), NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, DISAT, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Instituto di Biometeorologia, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado [Boulder], Servizi Forestali, Agenzia per l'Ambiente, Autonomous Province of Bolzano (APB), Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Unit of Crops Management, Zambia Meteorological Department (ZMD), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Cambridge, USA] (EPS), Harvard University, Institute of Botany and Ecophysiology, Agricultural University of Gödöllô, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Department of Biology [San Diego State Univ] (Biology SDSU), San Diego State University (SDSU), Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Department of Forestry, University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System-University of Missouri System, Atmospheric Science Group, LAWR, CESAM and Department of Environment, Universidade de Aveiro, Mechanical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), The Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Earth System Science Center, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Department of Physics, Department of Geography [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University (USU), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo, Department of Agronomy, Forestry and Land Use, Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Collège de Direction (CODIR), University of Alabama [Tuscaloosa] (UA), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Plant Ecology, Department of Forest Environment and Resources, Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Biological Station, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, chine, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, IMSG@National Center for Environmental Predictions, Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California (UC), Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division (AEED), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Graduate Degree Program in Geography, Clark University, Okayama University, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, City University of New-York [New-York] ( CUNY ), Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Department of Forest Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( SLU ), Duke university [Durham], School of Geography and Earth Sciences, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate Change Research, Department Meteorology [Budapest], Eötvös Loránd University ( ELTE ) -Eötvös Loránd University ( ELTE ), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement ( EPHYSE - UR1263 ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Technische Universität Dresden ( TUD ), University of British Columbia ( UBC ), University of Minnesota [Minneapolis], Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute ( KNMI ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich ( ETH Zürich ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] ( NCAR ), Environnement et Grandes Cultures ( EGC ), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Department of Environmental Sciences, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Ohio State University [Columbus] ( OSU ), Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy ( Risø DTU ), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] ( DTU ) -Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] ( DTU ), University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), University of California Davis, Institute for Meteorology, Climatology and Remote Sensing, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Department of Micrometeorology, University of Bayreuth, Istituto Agrario di San Michele all'Adige ( IASMA ), Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California [Berkeley], Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] ( ESS ), University of California [Irvine] ( UCI ), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] ( EEF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Department of Meteorology, Institute of Biodiversity Science at Fudan University [Shanghai] ( IBSFU ), University of Innsbruck, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ), Hungarian Meteorological Service ( OMSz ), Department of Hydrology and Geo-Environmental Sciences, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, University College Cork, UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial ( UREP ) -Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques ( EFPA ), Finnish Meteorological Institute ( FMI ), Marine and Atmospheric Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Department of Physics, Atmospheric Sciences and Geoscience, Jackson State University, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research ( IIA ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), Université Laval, University of Florida [Gainesville], Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] ( ANL ), Queen's University [Kingston], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, Università degli studi di Milano [Milano], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], Autonomous Province of Bolzano ( APB ), Zambia Meteorological Department ( ZMD ), Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] ( NCSU ), Department of Biology [San Diego], San Diego State University ( SDSU ), University of Missouri ( Saisissez le sigle en majuscules sans points ), University of Aveiro, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa ( IST ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais ( INPE ), Université McGill, Utah State University ( USU ), Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies ( NIES ), Agricultural Research Council ( CRA ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung ( IMK-IFU ), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie ( KIT ), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability ( IES ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] ( JRC ), UAR 0233 Collège de Direction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Direction Collégiale ( DCOLL ) -Collège de Direction ( CODIR ), University of Alabama [Tuscaloosa] ( UA ), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] ( CEH ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Tuscia University, University of California, Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU)-Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), University of California-University of California, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSz), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Harvard University [Cambridge], University of Missouri [Columbia], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), McGill University, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Direction Collégiale (DCOLL)-Collège de Direction (CODIR), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences, and Earth and Climate
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biome, UNCERTAINTY, Carbon sequestration, eddy flux photosynthesis, soil respiration, 01 natural sciences, Biomes, EDDY FUX, Soil respiration, SDG 13 - Climate Action, CWK - Earth System Science and Climate Change, Wageningen Environmental Research, Biosystemer, Photosynthesis, uncertainty, TEMPERATURE, SDG 15 - Life on Land, General Environmental Science, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, changement climatique, Respiration, Temperature, Dryness, Global Carbon Cycle, TERRESTRIAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION, facteur climatique, Forestry, Climate Control, deciduous forest, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, fluxes, RESPIRATION, Climatology, Terrestrial ecosystem, eddy-covariance measurements, INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY, CLIMATE CONTROL, BIOMES, SOIL RESPIRATION, DIOXIDE, cycle du carbone, Carbon Sequestration, FLUXES, effet de serre, LONG-TERM, interannual variability, SPATIAL VARIABILITY, education, water-vapor, Eddy covariance, DRYNESS, Miljø og klima, Eddy Fluxes, 114 Physical sciences, écosystème, Ecosystems, Carbon cycle, NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE, NEE, climate control, terrestrial carbon sequestration, temperature, dryness, eddy flux, biomes, photosynthesis, respiration, global carbon cycle, dioxide, bilan de carbone, température, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nee, long-term, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], EDDY-COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, CWC - Earth System Science and Climate Change, Carbon, DECIDUOUS FOREST, GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE, flux, WATER-VAPOR, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric Chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Eddy ﬂux, spatial variability
Abstract: Understanding the relationships between climate and carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems is critical to predict future levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide because of the potential accelerating effects of positive climate-carbon cycle feedbacks. However, directly observed relationships between climate and terrestrial CO2 exchange with the atmosphere across biomes and continents are lacking. Here we present data describing the relationships between net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE) and climate factors as measured using the eddy covariance method at 125 unique sites in various ecosystems over six continents with a total of 559 site-years. We find that NEE observed at eddy covariance sites is (1) a strong function of mean annual temperature at mid-and high-latitudes, (2) a strong function of dryness at mid-and low-latitudes, and (3) a function of both temperature and dryness around the mid-latitudinal belt (45 degrees N). The sensitivity of NEE to mean annual temperature breaks down at similar to 16 degrees C (a threshold value of mean annual temperature), above which no further increase of CO2 uptake with temperature was observed and dryness influence overrules temperature influence.
Published: 2010

50. Unusual characteristics of the carbon cycle during the 2015−2016 El Niño

Author: Ana Bastos, Kai Wang, Stephen W. Pacala, Hao Xu, Shilong Piao, Philippe Ciais, Jiafu Mao, Ralph F. Keeling, Xiaoying Shi, Frédéric Chevallier, Anping Chen, Chris Huntingford, Xuhui Wang, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environmental Sciences Division [Oak Ridge], Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-UT-Battelle, LLC, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Biogeochemical Integration [Jena], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Princeton], Princeton University, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE: DE‐AC05‐00OR22725, Office of Science, SC, Biological and Environmental Research, BER, National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 41861134036, 41988101, We thank Dr. Pieter Tans and Dr. Ed Dlugokencky for providing the CO mole fraction data. We also thank the TRENDYv6 modelers for their simulations and Dr. Christian Rödenbeck for the Jena CarboScope inversion datasets. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 41861134036 and 41988101) and an Oak Ridge National Lab subcontract (grant no. 4000167205). J. Mao and X. Shi were supported by the Reducing Uncertainties in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation Science Focus Area and the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Scientific Focus Area project in the Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences Division of the Biological and Environmental Research (BER) office in the US Department of Energy Office of Science. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE‐AC05‐00OR22725. 2, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), and University of California-University of California
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, chemistry.chemical_element, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Carbon Cycle, Carbon cycle, atmospheric CO2 growth rate (CGR), Meteorology and Climatology, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, El Niño, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Atmosphere, Anomaly (natural sciences), Northern Hemisphere, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Carbon, northern terrestrial ecosystems, Productivity (ecology), chemistry, 13. Climate action, CO2 seasonal-cycle amplitude (SCA), soil water deficit, Environmental science, Terrestrial ecosystem, net biome productivity (NBP)
Abstract: International audience; The 2015−2016 El Niño was one of the strongest on record, but its influence on the carbon balance is less clear. Using Northern Hemisphere atmospheric CO2 observations, we found both detrended atmospheric CO2 growth rate (CGR) and CO2 seasonal-cycle amplitude (SCA) of 2015−2016 were much higher than that of other El Niño events. The simultaneous high CGR and SCA were unusual, because our analysis of long-term CO2 observations at Mauna Loa revealed a significantly negative correlation between CGR and SCA. Atmospheric inversions and terrestrial ecosystem models indicate strong northern land carbon uptake during spring but substantially reduced carbon uptake (or high emissions) during early autumn, which amplified SCA but also resulted in a small anomaly in annual carbon uptake of northern ecosystems in 2015−2016. This negative ecosystem carbon uptake anomaly in early autumn was primarily due to soil water deficits and more litter decomposition caused by enhanced spring productivity. Our study demonstrates a decoupling between seasonality and annual carbon cycle balance in northern ecosystems over 2015−2016, which is unprecedented in the past five decades of El Niño events.
Published: 2021

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