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Pottery-manufacturing sequences can act as proxies for human migration and interaction. A good example is provided by the 'spiralled patchwork technology' (SPT) identified at two key early farming sites in the LigurianProvencal Arc in the north-west of the Italian peninsula. SPT is distinct from the ceramic technology used by early farmer communities in south-east Italy that shows technical continuity with the southern Balkans. Macroscopic analysis and microcomputed tomography suggests the presence of two communities of practice, and thus two distinct social groups in the northern Mediterranean: one of southern Balkan tradition, the other (associated with SPT) of as yet unknown origin. The identification of SPT opens up the exciting possibility of tracing the origins and migrations ofa second distinct group of early farmers into Southern Europe. Keywords: Mediterranean, Early Neolithic, farming, ceramics, Impressed Ware, microcomputed tomography, Introduction The introduction of farming into Europe during the seventh and sixth millennia cal BC followed two main paths: the Central European route, mainly represented by the Linear Pottery Culture [...]

Published by Cambridge University Press, 6 December 2017. Due to an editorial error, part of Figure 1 was omitted from the article by Gomart et al. The corrected figure is [...]

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Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare survival, clinical and radiographic results of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with vitamin E-stabilized polyethylene (VEPE) or conventional polyethylene (CPE) at a minimum of 7-year follow-up., Methods: Patients who underwent primary TKA between 2011 and 2015, receiving the same cemented rotating platform knee design with VEPE or CPE tibial inserts, were identified. Patients were contacted for clinical and radiographic follow-up. American Knee Society Score (KSS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS-12), presence of periprosthetic radiolucent lines (RLLs) and osteolysis were evaluated at the last follow-up. Any revision, reintervention or other complications were recorded., Results: Among 350 TKAs initially identified, 102 VEPE and 97 CPE knees were included for analysis with mean follow-up of 8.5 and 8.3 years, respectively. No significant difference was found in survival rates at 10-year follow-up with revision due to aseptic loosening (95.0% vs. 97.8%, p  = 0.29) or due to any reason (87.6% vs. 89.6%, p  = 0.78) between VEPE and CPE TKA. KSS function score resulted significantly higher in the VEPE group over CPE (77 vs. 63, p  = 0.01). RLLs were more frequent in VEPE than CPE (54% vs. 32%, p  = 0.05), mainly noticed medially and posteriorly beneath the tibial plate, adjacent to the trochlear shield and the posterior condyles. Osteolysis was observed in one knee per group, but patients were asymptomatic with stable implants., Conclusion: TKA with VEPE and CPE tibial inserts showed comparable survival rates, complications and clinical and radiographic results up to 10-year follow-up., Level of Evidence: Level III., Competing Interests: Lorenzo Banci and Marta Colombo are employed as clinical researchers at Permedica Orthopaedics. Marco Spezia is a paid consultant and received research support from Permedica Orthopaedics. The other authors have no relevant financial or non‐financial interests related to the present study to disclose., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy.)

The expression "developmental hemostasis" indicates the age-related physiological changes occurring during the maturational process of the hemostatic system. Despite the quantitative and qualitative alterations, the neonatal hemostatic system is competent and well-balanced. Conventional coagulation tests do not provide reliable information as they only explore the procoagulants during the neonatal period. In contrast, viscoelastic coagulation tests (VCTs), such as viscoelastic coagulation monitoring (VCM), thromboelastography (TEG or ClotPro), and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), are point-of-care assays that provide a quick, dynamic and global view of the hemostatic process, allowing prompt and individualized therapeutic intervention when necessary. Their use in neonatal care is on the increase and they could help monitor patients at risk of hemostatic derangement. In addition, they are crucial for anticoagulation monitoring during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Moreover, implementing VCT-based monitoring could optimize blood product use.

The glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT-1 SD) (OMIM 606777) is an inborn error of metabolism of brain glucose transport. The characteristic clinical manifestations are seizures, hypotonia, developmental delay, microcephaly and hypoglycorrhachia. We report a girl with normal weight and height at birth. At 6 weeks of age she started with convulsions reaching up to 20 myoclonic seizures a day. She was treated with valproate, phenobarbital and carbamazepine without response. Blood analysis including aminoacids and acylcarnitines were all normal. The brain MRI showed frontal atrophy with an increased subarachnoidal space and Electroencephalography was abnormal. Blood glucose was 84 mg/dl and spinal fluid glucose 26 mg/dl with a ratio of 0.31 (Normal Ratio >0.65+/-00.1). These results suggested the diagnosis of GLUT-1 SD, and was confirmed with erythrocyte glucose uptake of 44% (Normal range 80-100%). A molecular study found the mutation 969del, C971T in exon 6 of the gene Glut-1. Treatment with a ketogenic diet was started immediately and after 7 days with this diet seizures ceased. Anticonvulsants were progressively suspended. At present, the patient is 6 years old, she continues on a ketogenic diet and supplements with L-carnitine, lipoic acid, vitamins and minerals. Growth and development are normal with an intelligence quotient of 103. It is concluded that it is necessary to include GLUT-1 SD in the differential diagnosis of children with early seizures that are non responsive to pharmacological treatment.

Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is due to of a defect in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (12q22-24.1) leading to hyperphenylalaninemia. Treatment consists in a low phenylalanine (Phe) diet., Aim: To evaluate the evolution of early diagnosed PKU children, receiving direct breast feeding, and a special formula without Phe, during their first six months of life., Patients and Methods: Nineteen PKU children diagnosed in the neonatal period (19.29 +/- 13.8 days of age), treated with breast feeding and formula without Phe since diagnosis, were studied. Intake of calories, proteins and dietary Phe were quantified. Blood Phe, nutritional status and psychomotor development were also measured., Results: The diet that these children received during the 6 months period of study, had a mean of 127 +/- 19.9 Kcal/kg/day, 1.95 +/- 0.3 g protein/kg/day and 35.3 +/- 9.5 mg Phe/kg/day. Fifteen children maintained the blood level of Phe under 8 mg/dl, considered an excellent metabolic control. Only 4 cases had intermittently high levels, between 10-12 mg/dl. At 6 months of age, 74% of the children maintained breast feeding as the only source of Phe. Sixty three percent had a normal nutritional status, 5.2% were at nutritional risk and 31.6% were overweight. Eighty one percent had a normal mental development., Conclusions: The use of direct breast feeding allows a good metabolic control and improves growth and development of early diagnosed PKU children.

Background: Propionic aciduria (PA) and Methymalonic aciduria (MMA) result from an inherited abnormality of the enzymes propionyl CoA carboxylase and methylmalonyl CoA mutase respectively. This produces marked increases in the amino acids methionine, threonine, valine and isoleucine (MTVI). Their clinical presentation can be neonatal or late onset forms., Aim: To report 23 children with organic acidurias., Material and Methods: Twenty three cases of organic acidurias diagnosed since 1980 (17 PA and 6 MMA) and followed at the Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, are reported., Results: The average age of diagnosis was 3.9 days for the neonatal form and 8.3 months for the late onset form. The most frequent symptoms were hypotonia, lethargy and vomiting. Neonatal PA had mean ammonemias of 1089 +/- 678.3 micrograms/dl. The figure for MMA was 933 +/- 801.9 micrograms/dl. Seven children were dialyzed and 30% died. 16 children are followed and 81.2% have normal weight for age. Seven children required gastrostomy because of anorexia and failure to thrive. The nutritional treatment is based on natural and artificial proteins without MTVI, with periodical controls, amino acid and ammonia quantification. Some patients were submitted to enzyme assays and molecular studies., Conclusions: An early diagnosis and a very strict follow up allows a normal development of children with organic acidurias. There is a relationship between prognosis and the presentation form, the nutritional status and the emergency treatment during acute episodes. The importance of the enzymatic and molecular studies is emphasized because they facilitate treatment, accurate diagnosis and allow an adequate genetic counseling.