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The sexual sensation seeking scale (SSSS) is a widely used instrument to measure individuals’ tendency to seek an optimal level of sexual arousal and novel sexual experiences. However, psychometric studies have suggested different factor structures for this instrument, which may lead to a biased assessment of the subdimensions of sexual sensation seeking. The present study (N = 812) aimed to identify the best factorial model of the SSSS by comparing the model suggested by previous research. Results from Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses showed that none of the models tested have sufficient goodness-of-fit to support the internal validity of the instrument. Thus, this study highlights the limitations of the SSSS in assessing sexual sensation seeking and proposes psychometric alternatives that should be considered by researchers to achieve a reliable measure of sexual sensation seeking. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Objective: To analyse the possible direct and interactive associations of sex, age and parenting styles with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 710 students ranging from 8 to 13 years (mean age 10.8 years [±0.75]), the most of them males (n = 422,59.4%), completed three screening instruments: a parenting practices scale and two self-reports for evaluating anxiety and depressive symptoms. Two hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. Results: Authoritative (38.6%) and neglectful (38%) parenting styles were predominant. Symptoms of depression —F(3,706) = 3.12,p = .03— and anxiety —F(3,706) = 2.83,p = .4— differed by parenting styles. Students with a neglectful parenting style reported significant lower generalized anxiety symptoms than those whose parents used authoritative parenting. Clinical implications: Children ages 8 to 13 years-old with authoritative parenting style should be evaluated for possible presence of generalized anxiety symptoms.

La institución constitucional y jurídica de la Propiedad Colectiva, no reglamentado, como Derecho Fundamental y humano, es garantía o no para el desarrollo económico, social y cultural de las comunidades negras o afrodescendientes ubicadas en las regiones ribereñas de las cuencas de los ríos del Pacífico colombiano. The constitutional and legal institution of Collective Property, not regulated, as a Fundamental and Human Right, is a guarantee or not for the economic, social and cultural development of black or Afro-descendant communities located in the riverside regions of the Pacific river basins. Colombian. Magister en Defensa de los Derechos Humanos y el DIH ante Organismos, Tribunales y Cortes Internacionales Maestría

Colombia has an expanded program of immunization of >22 biologics mainly for younger than 6 years old. We aimed to estimate vaccination coverage in children under 6 years old in San Jacinto (Bolivar), in a post-conflict and COVID-19 pandemic scenario. We conducted a cross-sectional survey from October to November of 2021, in a Caribbean municipality of Colombia (24,910 population) mostly affected by the armed conflict. A two-stage cluster sampling was used with a precision of 5.5% and a design effect of 2, considering a non-response rate of 20%. We collected data on immunization record cards and other basic sociodemographic information from surveys of caregivers of children. Absolute and timely-vaccine coverages adjusted by age were. Out of 187 surveyed children, 159 (85.3%) had vaccination card. BCG (tuberculosis) vaccine had the greater coverage (99,3%), followed by Hb, pentavalent, and polio (>98%). All biologics showed absolute coverages greater than 90%, except for yellow fever (82.6%) and 5-year boosters (70% for MMR [measles, mumps, rubella] booster and 73% for polio and DPT booster). Age-appropriate timely vaccination coverages were lower than absolutes for all biologics. BCG and hepatitis B had coverages of 97% and Although most vaccination coverages were greater than 90%, probably the mobility restrictions due to the pandemic severely impacted the timing of vaccination. Other plausible reasons are the timely flow of vaccines (opportunity in administration and vaccine shortages).

La presente obra es el esfuerzo conjunto entre profesores y alumnos que se han atrevido a ir más allá de las fronteras de la filosofía actual. Realizando nuevas relecturas de autores, aportan otro horizonte de comprensión a las problemáticas actuales. Y, en esa medida, la filosofía sale de la esfera de las abstracciones, para situarse en el campo de la práctica. This work is the joint effort between teachers and students who have dared to go beyond the borders of current philosophy. Carrying out new rereadings of authors, they provide another horizon of understanding to current problems. And, to that extent, philosophy leaves the sphere of abstractions, to place itself in the field of practice.

Background Human reproductive disorders consist of frequently occurring dysfunctions including a broad range of phenotypes affecting fertility and women’s health during pregnancy. Several female-related diseases have been associated with hypofertility/infertility phenotypes, such as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Other occurring diseases may be life-threatening for the mother and foetus, such as preeclampsia (PE) and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). FOXD1 was defined as a major molecule involved in embryo implantation in mice and humans by regulating endometrial/placental genes. FOXD1 mutations in human species have been functionally linked to RPL’s origin. Methods FOXD1 gene mutation screening, in 158 patients affected by PE, IUGR, RPL and repeated implantation failure (RIF), by direct sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Plasmid constructs including FOXD1 mutations were used to perform in vitro gene reporter assays. Results Nine non-synonymous sequence variants were identified. Functional experiments revealed that p.His267Tyr and p.Arg57del led to disturbances of promoter transcriptional activity (C3 and PlGF genes). The FOXD1 p.Ala356Gly and p.Ile364Met deleterious mutations (previously found in RPL patients) have been identified in the present work in women suffering PE and IUGR. Conclusions Our results argue in favour of FOXD1 mutations’ central role in RPL, RIF, IUGR and PE pathogenesis via C3 and PlGF regulation and they describe, for the first time, a functional link between FOXD1 and implantation/placental diseases. FOXD1 could therefore be used in clinical environments as a molecular biomarker for these diseases in the near future. Keywords Recurrent pregnancy loss, Preeclampsia, Intra-uterine growth restriction, FOXD1 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-019-0104-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Esta investigación se desarrollo con el ánimo de identificar los factores estratégicos que necesitaran tener en cuenta las Fuerzas Militares Colombianas para su participación en una misión de Mantenimiento de Paz en África con Naciones Unidas. Además, en este tema existe un interés y apoyo por parte del Comando General de las Fuerzas Militares lo cual incentiva a establecer factores que se deben tener en cuenta en la fase de preparación para el primer contingente Colombiano en una misión de tal envergadura. This research was developed with the objective of identifying the strategic factors that the Colombian Military Forces will need for their participation in a Peacekeeping mission in Africa with the United Nations. In addition, there is interest and support on this issue on the part of the General Command of the Military Forces, which motivates the establishment of factors that must be taken into account in the preparation phase for the first Colombian contingent in a mission of such magnitude. Profesional en Negocios Internacionales Pregrado

Dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus are known to produce potent neurotoxins known as ciguatoxins. These toxins vector through the food web and can reach sufficiently high levels to cause ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). In many regions of the Caribbean, little is known about the occurrence of CFP-causing species or the incidence of CFP, despite its apparent regional increase over the last few decades. Given the intraspecific variability in content and potencies of these toxins among Gambierdiscus species, the precise identification of local species of this genus is crucial. In this study we confirm the presence of the epibenthic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus caribaeus in the Colombian continental Caribbean. Cells were collected in seagrass beds of Thalassia testudinum in Bonito Gordo, a site located on the western side of Bahía Concha, Tayrona National Natural Park, near the city of Santa Marta, Colombia. Subsequently, a single strain of Gambierdiscus could be established for further identification. Morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy), and molecular results (partial LSU and ITS rDNA sequencing) were consistent with the original description of G. caribaeus, as well as with the morphological characteristics shown by other authors in organisms obtained near the sampling area., SI

Rural Colombian teachers must meet the requirements of educational policies, such as the integration and appropriation of ICT. To this end, the Colombian government project Computadores Para Educar (CPE) is deploying tablets and computers in rural schools and training teachers to integrate them into all school subjects.Some of these teachers declare that they have to use ICT to teach English without having received any training in language teaching before.How are the ICTs integrated to teach English in these educational establishments ? How do these actors appropriate ICTs ? Rural Colombian teachers must meet the requirements of educational policies, such as the integration and appropriation of ICT. To this end, the Colombian government project Computadores Para Educar (CPE) is deploying tablets and computers in rural schools and training teachers to integrate them into all school subjects.Some of these teachers declare that they have to use ICT to teach English without having received any training in language teaching before.How are the ICTs integrated to teach English in these educational establishments ? How do these actors appropriate ICTs ? This thesis aims to understand the process of appropriation of ICT by rural Colombian teachers responsible for teaching English. The proposed conceptual framework articulates the contributions of the sociology of uses and Rabardel's instrumental approach. Based on a qualitative study, the data collected an analyze the personal and professional uses of teachers while emphasizing factors that facilitate the identification of the uses in all their complexity such as : the socio-cultural reality of rural areas and the differences between rural and urban areas. Direct observation conducted with 17 teachers thus results in a realm of uses of ICT and a plurality of forms of appropriation. Certain realities, sometimes hidden from the teaching profession, are highlighted by showing their impact on the appropriation of the ICT in education and provide paths tracks for the conception of a training course on ICT in education adapted to the needs of the Colombian rural school sphere.; Les enseignants ruraux colombiens doivent répondre aux exigences des politiques éducatives, telles que l'intégration et l'appropriation des TICE. À cette fin, le projet du gouvernement colombien Computadores Para Educar (CPE) déploie des tablettes et des ordinateurs dans les Ecoles Rurales et forme les enseignants à leur intégration dans toutes les disciplines scolaires. Une partie de ces enseignants déclare devoir s'approprier les TICE pour enseigner l'anglais sans pourtant avoir reçu aucune formation auparavant en didactique des langues. Comment les TICE sont-elles intégrées pour enseigner l'anglais dans ces Etablissements scolaires ? Comment ces acteurs s’approprient-t-ils les TICE ? Cette thèse vise à saisir le processus d'appropriation des TICE par les enseignants ruraux colombiens chargés de l'enseignement de l'anglais. Le cadre conceptuel proposé articule les apports de la sociologie des usages et de l'approche instrumentale de Rabardel. En s’appuyant sur une étude qualitative, les données recueillies permettent d'analyser les usages personnels et professionnels des enseignants tout en insistant sur des facteurs que facilitent de cerner les usages dans toute leur complexité tels que : la réalité socio-culturelle des zones rurales et les différences entre le milieu rural et urbain. L'observation directe menée auprès de 17 enseignants donne ainsi comme résultat un univers d'usages des TICE et une pluralité de formes d'appropriation. Certaines réalités, parfois occultées du travail enseignant, sont mises en lumière en montrant leur incidence dans l'appropriation des TICE et apportent des pistes pour la conception d'une formation aux TICE adaptée aux besoins de la sphère scolaire rurale colombienne.

As malaria control programmes concentrate their efforts towards malaria elimination a better understanding of malaria transmission patterns at fine spatial resolution units becomes necessary. Defining spatial units that consider transmission heterogeneity, human movement and migration will help to set up achievable malaria elimination milestones and guide the creation of efficient operational administrative control units. Using a combination of genetic and epidemiological data we defined a malaria transmission unit as the area contributing 95% of malaria cases diagnosed at the catchment facility located in the town of Guapi in the South Pacific Coast of Colombia. We provide data showing that P. falciparum malaria transmission is heterogeneous in time and space and analysed, using topological data analysis, the spatial connectivity, at the micro epidemiological level, between parasite populations circulating within the unit. To illustrate the necessity to evaluate the efficacy of malaria control measures within the transmission unit in order to increase the efficiency of the malaria control effort, we provide information on the size of the asymptomatic reservoir, the nature of parasite genotypes associated with drug resistance as well as the frequency of the Pfhrp2/3 deletion associated with false negatives when using Rapid Diagnostic Tests.

The aim of this work was to determine current cagA gene EPIYA motifs present in Colombian Helicobacter pylori isolates using a fast and reliable molecular test. DNA from eightyfive Helicobacter pylori-cagA positive strains were analyzed. Strains were obtained from patients diagnosed with functional dyspepsia at Cl? nica Fundadores in Bogota . The 3' region of the cagA gene was amplified through conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Obtained amplicons were sequenced using the Sanger method and analyzed with bioinformatics tools. Additionally, a significant Spearman correlation coefficient was determined between the patients' age and the number of EPIYA-C repeats; with p values less than 0.05 considered significant. Estimates were obtained using a 95% CI. The 3 variable region of the cagA gene was amplified and PCR products of the following sizes corresponded to the following EPIYA motifs: 400 bp: EPIYA AB, 500 bp: EPIYA ABC, 600 bp: EPIYA ABCC and 700 bp: ABCCC. A single PCR band was observed for 58 out of 85 Helicobacter pylori isolates, with an EPIYA distribution motif as follows: 7/85 AB (8.2%), 34/85 ABC (40%), 26/85 ABCC (30.6%) and 18/85 ABCCC (21.2%). However, in 27 out of 85 Helicobacter pylori isolates, two or more bands were observed, where the most predominant cagA genotype were ABC-ABCC (26%, 7/27) and ABCC-ABCCC (22.2%, 6/27). A direct proportionality between the number of EPIYA-C repeats and an increase in the patients' age was observed, finding a greater number of EPIYA ABCC and ABCCC repeats in the population over 50 years old. All isolates were of the Western cagA type and 51.8% of them were found to have multiple EPIYA-C repeats. These standardized molecular test allowed to identify the number of EPIYA C motifs based on band size. © 2020 Rodriguez Gomez et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Protected areas (PAs) are a foundational and essential strategy for reducing biodiversity loss. However, many PAs around the world exist on paper only; thus, while logging and habitat conversion may be banned in these areas, illegal activities often continue to cause alarming habitat destruction. In such cases, the presence of armed conflict may ultimately prevent incursions to a greater extent than the absence of conflict. Although there are several reports of habitat destruction following cessation of conflict, there has never been a systematic and quantitative “before-and-after-conflict” analysis of a large sample of PAs and surrounding areas. Here we report the results of such a study in Colombia, using an open-access global forest change dataset. By analysing 39 PAs over three years before and after Colombia’s peace agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), we found a dramatic and highly significant increase in the deforestation rate for the majority of these areas and their buffer zones. We discuss the reasons behind such findings from the Colombian case, and debate some general conservation lessons applicable to other countries undergoing post-conflict transitions.

[ES] Aunque el sector gastronómico ha tenido un alto crecimiento en la ciudad de Valencia (Comunidad Valenciana, España), la gastronomía colombiana sigue siendo muy escasa en su oferta. Es por eso, que nace Bendito Caldero , un restaurante dedicado a la alta cocina colombiana. Este restaurante surge como un modelo de negocio ambicioso que pretende destacarse no sólo por su menú sino también con el diseño de sus instalaciones. A manera de Trabajo de Fin de Máster, se desarrolla el diseño interior de este restaurante. Para este trabajo, se combinan los requerimientos de la marca con las grandes tendencias del diseño y la normativa vigente para el sector de la restauración en España. Bendito Caldero es un restaurante de alta categoría con una ubicación estratégica. El diseño del restaurante, conceptualiza elementos clave de la cultura colombiana generando un ambiente autóctono de esta cultura. La resolución completa del restaurante, se presenta en el desarrollo del documento/memoria.

Background: Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) is an important cause of mortality in persons living with HIV (PLHIV), especially in countries where patients have limited access to antiretroviral therapies and diagnostic testing. Objective: A lateral flow assay (LFA) to detect Histoplasma capsulatum antigen in serum developed by MiraVista® was evaluated. Methods: We tested 75 serum samples: 24 from PLHIV and culture-proven PDH and 51 from PLHIV with other fungal and bacterial infections as well as people without HIV. LFA devices were read manually (read by eye) and by an automated reader. Results: When the LFA was read manually, sensitivity was 96% and specificity was 90%. When an automated reader was used, sensitivity was 92% and specificity was 94%. The Kappa index comparing manual and automated reader was 0.90. Cross-reactions were observed principally in samples from patients with proven diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis. Conclusions: The MiraVista® Diagnostics Histoplasma antigen LFA had high analytical performance and good agreement between manual and automated reader. This LFA allows Histoplasma antigen testing with minimal laboratory equipment and infrastructure requirements. © 2019 Blackwell Verlag GmbH

Aim: To elicit patients’ preferences for HIV/AIDS treatment characteristics in Colombia. Materials and methods: A best–worst scaling case was used to provide a ranking of 26 HIV/AIDS treatment characteristics that were similar to a previous study conducted in Germany. In each choice task, participants were asked to choose the most important and the least important treatment characteristics from a set of five from the master list. Using the Hierarchical Bayes method, relative importance scores were calculated. Sub-group analyses were conducted according to sex, education, source of infection, symptoms, and age. Results: A total of 195 patients fully completed the questionnaire. The three most important characteristics were “drug has very high efficacy” (relative importance score [RIS] = 10.1), “maximum prolongation of life expectancy” (RIS = 9.7), and “long duration of efficacy” (RIS = 7.4). Sub-group analysis showed only three significant (but minor) differences between older and younger people. Conclusion: This study suggests that treatment characteristics regarding efficacy and prolongation of life are particularly important for patients in Colombia. Further investigation on how patients make trade-offs between these important characteristics and incorporating this information in clinical and policy decision-making would be needed to improve adherence with HIV/AIDS medication. © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor and Francis Group.