Search

International audience; The traditional methods of water management are still used in Ādam (Oman) and have been investigated as part of this study, which focuses on falaj al-Māleḥ. Each user possesses water shares - corresponding to time periods - distributed along a water cycle. On the field, the organization of the cycle, the techniques for diverting water into the fields as well as the sundial used to time the shares have been studied. The functioning of the latter proved to be more complex that what previously stated in other oases. This study also reveals that the water shares are managed in a very flexible way, as they can be exchanged or rented. The inhabitants of the oasis don't take into account a spatial order to allocate water. When it is his turn, each of them can use its share on the field he wants. This method allows the system to be more flexible and favours the cultivation of annual crops. From a technical point of view however it presents some inconvenient: water must sometimes travel over an important distance to pass from a field to another and this can penalize some shareholders. To cope with this problem, the volume of water that corresponds to each water share must be taken into account.

International audience; Considering the evolution of the irrigated areas in South-eastern Tunisia, the authors are questionning the use of the term oasis. Indeed, they note a difference between the modern day use of the very used term oasis, the representations which are associated with it, and the evolution of the rural irrigated landscape to be found in the region. The confusion around the term oasis comes from the fact that such agrarian landscapes are so multiform in their appearance but also in their intented purposes.

This conference aimed to provide answers to these broad questions, analyzed the local impacts of the inclusion / exclusion of the oases in / out of the globalization process. The conference, held over two days, had focused on the following topics: Oases 'imaginary and fiction, competitions for resources in scarcity context, Oases' Network, and patrimonialization and oases' inner organization., Ce colloque a eu pour objectifs d'apporter des réponses à ces questionnements généraux sur les oasis, d'analyser les impacts locaux de l'intégration / exclusion des oasis du processus de mondialisation. Le colloque, organisé sur deux jours, a privilégié les thèmes suivants : les oasis dans l'imaginaire et la fiction, les réseaux d'échanges des oasis ; les compétitions pour les ressources dans un contexte de pénurie, et la patrimonialisation et l'organisation interne des oasis

International audience; Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Central Asian oases are involved in a process of integration into the globalization, which varies from one country to another. In a context of strong demographic growth, the agricultural sector is transformed by the de-collectivization of former soviet farms, and by the reorientation of the production decided by authorities in order to satisfy internal demand. The emergence and increase of labor migration from Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan was also one of the most significant changes of Central Asian oases, during the post-soviet transition. In contrast with their soviet low mobility, oasis populations have adopted a new territoriality since the mid-1990s: nowadays, several millions migrants from Central Asia work abroad, particularly in Russia, the former metropolis, and in Kazakhstan. Based on field studies, this article analyzes this post-colonial mobility which contributes to the "thirdworldization" and to the "southernization" of Central Asia. It wants also to discuss the idea that the central Asian populations are less and less linked to the irrigated areas, from an economic and social point of view, because of the number of migrants and of the importance of their remittances.

International audience; The contemporary egyptian novel is often located in a big town, like Cairo, and not in the desert or in a oases. But some novelists, like Bahaa Taher, Nabil Naoum or Gamal Ghitany choose oasis and desert. One reason may be that such a remote location for fiction enables to assume a radical opposition to current and past politics in Egypt. Such a location is halfway between reality and fiction, and it reveals how deeply literature can build a parallel world in competition with physical or geographical reality.

International audience; Located in south- western Tunisia, the city of Nefta was characterized by an architectural and agricultural know-how inherited for generations. Affected by globalization, new built forms have appeared there. This work attempts to demonstrate the relationship between the oasis and the domestic architecture of the region (both traditional and current). The old town is in continuity with the oasis at the urban and the architectural scale with all the relevant details. However, the relationship between the current architecture and the oasis rather tends to reach an end. In fact, the oasis does not play a decisive role neither at the level of the urban organization of the city nor on the scale of new housing. Indeed, traditional neighbourhood are located near the oasis; yet, the new ones are completely remote. The traditional houses are built with traditional materials and know-how; while, the new buildings are made with industrial materials used in most regions in Tunisia. This prompts us to seek a new architecture that would reflect a better balance between the city and its environment.

International audience; The recent emergence of Abu Dhabi as new urban pole integrated into the networks of the globalization has profoundly altered former socio-economic and spatial balance of the oasis of Liwa. Oasis was formerly the political and economic heart of the region, it is relegated from now on to the rank of periphery to the service of the coast métropolisation. This reversal of the space translates a break in the perception, the practices and the functions devolved to oasiens spaces. It raises the question of the evolution of the relations between the city and the oasis.

International audience; Pendant les dernières décennies du 20ème siècle, les oasis de Mendoza, au coeur de la diagonale aride sudaméricaine, ont connu de profondes mutations de leur modèle socio-économique, fondé sur l'agriculture et les industries agro-alimentaires. La mondialisation, Mendoza l'a connue assez brutalement : la crise économique du Mercosur des années 2000 - suivant de près celle des marchés asiatiques (1997-98) - a entrainé un afflux massif d'investissements internationaux, malheureusement localisés sur l'oasis Centre, aux dépens de l'oasis historique, l'Oasis Nord. Tandis que celle-ci subit une très forte pression démographique et industrielle entraînant une pollution marquée de l'eau d'irrigation, l'oasis Centre connaît un véritable boom économique. C'est ainsi toute la structure sociale de la province qui est bouleversée, ce qui se manifeste géographiquement par une inversion des centralités-périphéries.

International audience; Middle Senegal river valley is functioning as an irrigated lowland oasis. Located in Sahelian climate (220 mm / year of rainfall) river water resources come from the upstream area artificially controlled. Despite the development of irrigated crop farming, the traditional flood-recession agriculture is still practiced in the valley. This paper analyses the relationship between these two production systems, in link with the new agricultural and economic contexts due to liberalization of economy and irrigation development. Results show that their duality is not so obvious and that their cohabitation creates new spatial dynamics.

International audience; Olmos is a locality located in the coastline piedmont of the Andes at the North of Peru. Despite the low availability of water, a small farming agriculture has been developed in the irrigated valleys. Since the process of liberalization started in the 1990's by the Fujimori government, Olmos entered into new international dynamics. Thus, a process of agricultural differentiation is operating with the arrival of agro-exportation. Furthermore, a big project is at work on the interfluvial and is already arousing transformations in the valleys. After describing the ways of water management and the different farming systems that exist in the valleys, this communication offers some perspectives about the transformation of the farming systems in the globalization. In this context, news stakeholders bring opportunities as risks for the small farming agriculture.

International audience; Le colloque sur les oasis dans la mondialisation nous a incité à repérer les ruptures et les continuités à travers les travaux de géographes, les plus nombreux ici, mais aussi les socioanthropologues, les historiens et archivistes et des regards moins fréquents dans les rencontres sur le monde rural, comme celui de l’architecte ou de la littérature. Par ailleurs, le colloque a trouvé un certain équilibre géographique, avec un tiers des contributions sur le Maghreb, un sixième sur l’Amérique latine, un autre sixième sur l’Asie Centrale et le dernier tiers plus dispersé mais fort instructif entre le Golfe Arabo Persique et les Iles du Cap Vert en passant par l’Egypte et le Tchad.

International audience; Though the cases of Al Ain and Liwa in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, as well as those of Bikaner, Jaisalmer and Jodhpur in the State of Rajasthan (India), we will propose a model of economic development for the oasis. We shall demonstrate how these places, marginalised for a long period, get under way of rapid changes and better welfare, in link with not so distant metropolitan centres. Either in Al Ain or Liwa, Bikaner or Jaisalmer, the richness of the past, embodied in monuments, surviving though folk culture, still existing in traditional technologies, is used to build the present, with the development of tourism activities, educational institutions or innovating agriculture.