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This article identifies a new legal stakeholder in the data economy: the data crowd. A data crowd is a collective that: (i) is unorganised, non-deliberate and unable to form an agenda; (ii) relies on productive aggregation that creates an interdependency among participants; and (iii) is subjected to an external authority. Notable examples of crowds include users of a social network, users of a search engine and users of artificial intelligence-based applications. The law currently only protects users in the data economy as individuals, and in certain cases may address broad public concerns. However, it does not recognise the collective interests of the crowd of users and its unique vulnerability to platform power. The article presents and defends the crowd's legal interests in a stable infrastructure for participation. It therefore reveals the need for a new approach to consumers' rights in the data economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centered around the questions of “whose” and “for whom” heritage is, this article explores various approaches in South America aimed at achieving a public archaeology that is inclusive and beneficial to communities. While the reflections and most case studies primarily focus on indigenous societies, specific efforts to develop collaborative methodologies that include other groups or collectives are also discussed. To provide a comprehensive view, a general review of relevant literature from different parts of the continent has been conducted, synthesizing it to present the state of the art on collaborative methodologies in the Americas, with a focus on South America. The core concepts addressed are heritage and community, their interrelationship, and the diverse ways their connection is crucial today, particularly in terms of collaborative methodologies in various research projects. The discussion highlights how the interpretation and presentation of the past become significant aspects when transitioning from theory to the practice of collaborations. After presenting several previously published examples and the articles comprising this dossier, the article concludes that significant advances have been made in the last decades in developing collaborative methodologies in archaeology. This progress marks a positive path toward the pluralization of the discipline. As an original contribution, the article offers a comparative reflection on collaborative work with communities in museums in Europe and the Americas, evaluating approaches and advancements. It concludes that researchers in the Americas have an advantage: working with materials that are closely connected to the groups that consider them their heritage, or considering themselves the heirs, allows for a more intimate and legitimate approach.

Centered around the questions of "whose" and "for whom" heritage is, this article explores various approaches in South America aimed at achieving a public archaeology that is inclusive and beneficial to communities. While the reflections and most case studies primarily focus on indigenous societies, specific efforts to develop collaborative methodologies that include other groups or collectives are also discussed. To provide a comprehensive view, a general review of relevant literature from different parts of the continent has been conducted, synthesizing it to present the state of the art on collaborative methodologies in the Americas, with a focus on South America. The core concepts addressed are heritage and community, their interrelationship, and the diverse ways their connection is crucial today, particularly in terms of collaborative methodologies in various research projects. The discussion highlights how the interpretation and presentation of the past become significant aspects when transitioning from theory to the practice of collaborations. After presenting several previously published examples and the articles comprising this dossier, the article concludes that significant advances have been made in the last decades in developing collaborative methodologies in archaeology. This progress marks a positive path toward the pluralization of the discipline. As an original contribution, the article offers a comparative reflection on collaborative work with communities in museums in Europe and the Americas, evaluating approaches and advancements. It concludes that researchers in the Americas have an advantage: working with materials that are closely connected to the groups that consider them their heritage, or considering themselves the heirs, allows for a more intimate and legitimate approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Languages show variation in the encoding of plurality in the domain of foodstuffs. Some foodstuffs are lexicalized by singular mass nouns (e.g., garlic) and others by plural count nouns (e.g., beans). In the paper it is argued on the basis of German and Russian that there is no difference in meaning between these two forms: both denote aggregates as clusters of objects. Since objects are built into clusters, they are inaccessible for counting and both types of nouns uniformly behave like mass nouns. Such a uniform behavior would be unexplainable if these forms differed in meaning and the plural form were a regular count plural. This investigation suggests that two types of plural have to be distinguished: the mass aggregate plural, which indicates a clustered plurality of objects, and the count plural, which designates sets of disjoined objects. Regular plural markers may in principle be ambiguous between these two interpretations. However, if a plural marker is attached to a singulative or unit-denoting morpheme of a noun, the plural is unambiguously interpreted as count plural. The mass aggregate plural may receive a special morphological marking in some languages, as in Russian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arte, Individuo y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art-E is the property of Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Fine Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

How can a collective pay attention virtuously? Imagine a group of scientists. It matters what topics they pay attention to, that is, which topics they draw to the foreground and take to be relevant, and which they leave in the background. It also matters which aspects of an investigated phenomenon they foreground, and which aspects they leave unnoticed in the background. If we want to understand not only how individuals pay attention of this kind virtuously, but also collectives, we first need a framework to understand virtuous collective agency. A result of this article will be that virtuous collective action depends on the collective being institutionalized. At the same time, we have to think of the constituents of the collective in terms of practical identities (as opposed to individuals). This is what enables us to understand how a collective can acquire the stability required for virtue, and how we don't end up with a summative account of group virtue, respectively. It will be argued that collectives only have the required stability in their actions when their commitments are habitualized in the form of institutionalized procedures. An Aristotelian understanding of virtue distinguishes between commitment, inclination, and action. Only when a subject's inclination is fully lined up with her commitment, do we arrive at the required stability (of character) for virtuous action. In the case of individuals, to build up an appropriate inclination consists in an inscribing of the commitment into the feelings and body of the subject. If a commitment is fully 'embodied' in this sense, it has formed the individual's inclination accordingly. How can one make sense of this in the case of collective subjects? This article tries to show that for collectives, the embodiment of commitment (the forming of the fitting inclinations) consists in creating policies, procedures, and rules that stabilize the acting according to the commitment, irrespective of the motivation of each individual involved in the collective. Hence, embodiment of commitment, in the case of collectives, is institutionalization. The article then explores what this requirement of institutionalization means for collective attention. The illustration will draw on a distinction between focused and open-minded attention. It will be shown that for either case – focused and open-minded – in order for a collective to pay attention virtuously, it needs to have its commitments institutionalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until recently, discussions on moral agency focused almost exclusively on the individual moral subject. Recognizing that social structures and cultures influence human subjects but do not have agency, this article argues that we must now recognize the moral agency of organized collectives. Invoking the work of philosophers and other theologians who already do, this article turns to theological ethicists writing on community organizing, racism, and social virtues, and, finally, to feminists engaging moral luck and intersectionality to illustrate the importance of collective moral agency. It concludes by describing qualifications for estimating the ethical agency of such collectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to identify if actors' role in Quadruple and Quintuple Helix in consolidated Brazilian Science and Technology Parks aligns with Carayannis and Campbell's (2009) proposition in their seminal paper. To this end, we carried out multiple case studies in three consolidated Science and Technology Parks (STPs). We collected data from primary (interviews and field notes) and secondary sources (documents), and used them for data triangulation. As to data treatment, we used content analysis by frequency and topic. The three parks have different ways of viewing the Quadruple Helix, but converge on the Quintuple Helix. They perceive society as associations, collectives or communities, and even as a single identity, such as Pacto Alegre. Opinions of the managers and Quadruple Helix representatives agree about the actions of associations and collectives and ways of strengthening environments. Concerning the Quintuple Helix, the study contributes with the perception of environmental sustainability as the basis, and focuses on the dissemination of impact businesses among companies by parks' managers. We only noticed the Quadruple Helix described in that seminal paper in the collectives and in Pacto Alegre, present in two of the STPs examined. Finally, the study shows an active society capable of fostering public policies and reviewing how Science and Technology Parks act, going from a foundation to a strong actor that mobilizes the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the precariousness and working conditions of artists and cultural workers globally, including Portugal. Through the research project Práticas Artísticas Confinadas: Resistência e Coletivismo na Pandemia Covid-19 em Portugal (Artistic Practices in Lockdown: Resistance and Collectivism during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Portugal), undertaken between December 2021 and June 2022, it was possible to conclude that amid this crisis, Portuguese cultural workers mobilised collectively to advocate for labour rights, expose irregularities within cultural institutions and secure access to cultural and artistic production. Drawing on these findings, this article focuses on how the restrictions on the use of physical public spaces, which are privileged arenas for protest and participatory democracy as defined by the Portuguese Constitution, compelled these workers to devise alternative approaches to sustain their activism. Thus, the paper examines the strategies employed by cultural workers to circumvent the restrictions by adapting and subverting these spatial limitations. The article concludes with an analysis of how the use of art practices and the performativity of these strategies were crucial in ensuring the continuation of social mobilisation and democratic exercise.

The article discusses the collective effort to edit and produce the periodical "Frederick Douglass' Paper" when the paper's founder and editor, African American journalist and abolitionist Frederick Douglass, sought temporary asylum in Great Britain in the wake of John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in October 1859. The article also examines the collective nature of the broader Black press in the U.S. in the mid-19th century.

Summary: To accelerate the communication between nodes, supercomputers are now equipped with multiple network adapters per node, also referred to as HCAs (Host Channel Adapters), resulting in a "multi‐rail"/"multi‐HCA" network. For example, the ThetaGPU system at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has eight adapters per node; with this many networking resources available, utilizing all of them becomes non‐trivial. The Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a dominant model for high‐performance computing clusters. Not all MPI collectives utilize all resources, and this becomes more apparent with advances in bandwidth and adapter count in a given cluster. In this work, we provide a thorough performance analysis of existing multirail solutions and their implications on collectives and present the necessity for further enhancement. Specifically, we propose novel designs for hierarchical, multi‐HCA‐aware Allgather. The proposed designs fully utilize all the available network adapters within a node and provide high overlap between inter‐node and intra‐node communication. At the micro‐benchmark level, we see large inter‐node improvements up to 62% and 61% better than HPC‐X and MVAPICH2‐X for 1024 processes. Because Allgather is used in Ring‐Allreduce, our designs also improve its performance by 56% and 44% compared to HPC‐X and MVAPICH2‐X, respectively. At the application level, our enhanced Allgather shows 1.98×$$ 1.98\times $$ and 1.42×$$ 1.42\times $$ improvement in a matrix‐vector multiplication kernel when compared to HPC‐X and MVAPICH2‐X, and Allreduce performs up to 7.83% better in deep learning training against MVAPICH2‐X. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the government's focus on promoting FPOs has led to an increase in FPOs multifold. However, with the fast growth of FPOs, it is important to identify what impacts the performance of FPOs. This study raised the question, "What impacts the performance of FPOs? This study attempts to identify the measures for the performance of the FPOs. The Delphi round was conducted with 26 experts identified from agriculture. The performance measures were identified and linked with the literature. In the second round of Delphi, the experts were provided with eleven measures for performance and were asked to rank them. Based on the weightage of each criterion the most important criteria were decided. The mean ranks and deviations of the performance measures were analyzed. The hypothesis test and Kendall's coefficient of concordance have been further used to validate the performance measures. It has been observed that governance of the farmer-producer organization, financial support, and professional management are the core measures for farmer producer organizations. Measures like Management Information Systems, Business Plan Preparation, Share capital, Turnover, Infrastructure, Market Linkages, Technical Support, and Age of FPO play an important role in the performance of the FPOs. This study will be helpful for all the stakeholders, including FPOs themselves, funding agencies, skill-building organizations, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista AUS is the property of Revista AUS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes the application of Title IX to the developments in Name, Image and Likeness (NIL) compensation in the U.S. Topics include the significance of Title IX in reducing gender inequities in the National Collegiate Athletic Association, an overview of NIL and donor-driven collectives, Title IX's application to collective NIL compensation, and solutions to correct the Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights' lack of guidance with respect to Title IX and NIL compensation.

El artículo propone la construcción de una caracterización generalista de las prácticas activistas en arquitectura, en grupos conocidos como Colectivos de Arquitectos. Se presentan siete puntos que comprenden esa caracterización y que permitirán la delimitación de la categoría de los Colectivos. Para llegar a esa caracterización primero se contemplan los antecedentes teóricos más relevantes. La verificación de esas características en casos concretos se realiza recurriendo a la serie de escuelas Las Tres Esperanzas del estudio ecuatoriano Al Borde.

The article discusses the future of European Union (EU) data protection law following its fifth anniversary in May 2023. It argues for the expansion of the concept of personal data to cater for collectives and not just the individual. It discusses the interests of collectives in data protection that are overlooked by current laws and highlights the importance of extending data protection to collectives. In this regard, the article argues that EU data protection law should undergo a reverse Brussels effect which allows the EU to look outward and learn from cultures that privilege communities and groups to identify a collective cultural value that can inform a theoretical framework that recognises collective rights. It proposes Ubuntu as one such value that the EU can learn from and transpose into the current data protection system without making drastic changes. It proposes an Ubuntu Framework and the principles accompanying such framework that can be incorporated into the GDPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution features a dialogue between three translation practitioners with an interest in queer theory and activism, Michela Baldo, Elisa Virgili and Goffredo Polizzi, on the recent translations into Italian of two works by Jack Halberstam, The Queer Art of Failure (2011), translated by the collective CRAAAZI, to which Goffredo Polizzi belongs, and Gaga Feminism (2012), translated by Elisa Virgili. After introducing these translations and the context in which they came into place, Baldo, Virgili and Polizzi analyse the translation process and the choices made by the translators. The last part of the discussion focuses on the reception of these translations in the Italian context and highlights their importance on the transfeminist scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teorija in Praksa is the property of Teorija in Praksa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As homo socius, the man lives in a community. Because the law deals with relationships between people, it is necessary to know the fundamental characteristics of these relationships, which are established in a community between people. Because all major social changes involve crowds, legislation and regulation must know how to address collectives, how they are influenced, how collective emotions are formed, and how they can effectively deal with external behavior in and between groups. This Article presents basic elements of crowds that should be included in legal decisions, especially in general ones. The Article shows potential applications of crowd elements in the law presented as a systemic arrangement of complex adaptive systems that can be reflected in the determination of public opinion through crowds. When a legal system in the right meaning of the word “system” determines public opinion and implements actions through crowds, it could be more effective and efficient and thus also more legitimate.

Copyright of Revista Tamoios is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Special Collections at The Catholic University of America in Washington, DC, is home to a large archive of records and documents related to the Catholic Church and social justice. These include the papers of several notable Catholic lay labor leaders, such as Philip Murray and John Brophy, as well as several "labor priests," in particular Msgr. John A. Ryan and Bishop Francis J. Haas, who articulated Church support for workers' rights. Additionally, there are the organizational records of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) prior to their 1955 merger with the American Federation of Labor (AFL) to form the AFL-CIO. Many Catholics, including Murray and Brophy, were significant CIO leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the dynamics of mobilization and unionization among platform workers. It delves into the challenges and strategies of collective action, highlighting the evolving relationship between workers, collectives, and traditional labor unions in response to the rise of platform capitalism. Additionally, it investigates the impact of regulatory frameworks, economic crises, and technological disruptions on labor mobilization and syndicalization.

Copyright of Revista Telos is the property of Revista Telos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We propose a static model of agriculture household behaviour and incorporate two behavioural aspects in it-namely altruistic tendencies and perceptions related to crime. We use a game theoretic framework, based upon the standard agricultural household model proposed by Singh et al. (World Bank Econ Rev 1:149–179, 1986) which is well suited for a rural agricultural setting in a developing country like India. The results of the model show that altruism deters perception of crime in regions with comparatively low expenditure on crime reducing activities, and vice-versa. We empirically test the results of the theoretical model by using the India Human Development Survey-II for the year 2011–2012. The instrumental variable regression results validate our main hypothesis affirming the potential role of social capital in crime mitigation for states with weaker institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describe and analyze the so-called Collective's role as an armed group operating in Venezuela in areas of Aragua and Carabobo, specifically in the cities of Maracay and Valencia. Some reflections on the role of these groups within Venezuelan society and their relationship with government agencies are presented. The data that feed the content of this article are part of an investigation carried out during the first semester of the year 2021, in several states of Venezuela. It was a qualitative study, where the interview was used as a data collection technique, and as an instrument an interview guide for community members, and another for members of armed groups. The interviews were recorded and transcribed and then subjected to content analysis to extract the findings presented here. An analytical look at the information obtained in the research allowed us to see the phenomenon's complexity and understand how the armed organizations represented in the collectives have managed to maintain their power and leadership in the social, political, and economic spheres of communities. There seems to be a weakness or exhaustion of the State model in its capacity to defend the interests of citizens and the government, through its structures, has granted these armed groups impunity in committing crimes and in appropriating their functions. The Collectives represent a key piece for the security of the government, so it may be a government strategy transferring responsibilities and the legitimate use of violence to exercise authority and control in some sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As homo socius , the man lives in a community. Because the law deals with relationships between people, it is necessary to know the fundamental characteristics of these relationships, which are established in a community between people. Because all major social changes involve crowds, legislation and regulation must know how to address collectives, how they are influenced, how collective emotions are formed, and how they can effectively deal with external behavior in and between groups. This Article presents basic elements of crowds that should be included in legal decisions, especially in general ones. The Article shows potential applications of crowd elements in the law presented as a systemic arrangement of complex adaptive systems that can be reflected in the determination of public opinion through crowds. When a legal system in the right meaning of the word "system" determines public opinion and implements actions through crowds, it could be more effective and efficient and thus also more legitimate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 led to several complications like labor shortage, inadequate availability of supply chain facilities, price fluctuation, panic behavior, and uncertainty. Despite the challenges, the farmers and stakeholders adopted different strategies for sustaining the agricultural supply chain performance. Hence, the study proposes to explore the antecedents that led to the ASC performance and their linkages. The study combines literature review and qualitative methods to understand and recognize antecedents that impact ASC performance in developing countries. The conceptual model is built with the underpinning theory (the theory of commitment and organization). A quantitative survey follows the study to validate the theoretical model empirically using covariance-based structure equation modeling (AMOS). The ASC performance in the earlier phase of COVID-19 was disrupted. With time, ASC performance was managed by linking different antecedents. The findings reveal the application and linkage of organization theory and theory of commitment which led to ASC performance. The study finds a unique contribution among academia and practitioners by paving directions to manage the uncertainty during COVID-19 and any such risk triggers in the future. The study offers essential insights for practitioners and policymakers to develop a road map for ASC during the calamities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's groups are a popular approach to promoting women's and girls' empowerment. Yet, whether and how creating and supporting women's groups and delivering interventions through them offers unique benefits compared to individual-based interventions remains an open question. We review the experimental and quasi-experimental literature on women's livelihoods and financial groups, health groups, and adolescent groups, and analyze the causal mechanisms through which these models improved outcomes for women and girls in low and middle-income countries. We distinguish between mechanisms that leveraged groups as a platform for intervention delivery and mechanisms that leveraged interactions among group members. We conclude that the primary benefit of group models is to offer a platform to reach many women at once with resources, information, and training. Nonetheless, some evidence suggests that group models can achieve positive impacts by fostering or harnessing interactions among group members, which would be harder or impossible to achieve through individual-based interventions. We offer some suggestions regarding the implications of these findings for programming and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we consider how the integration of mobile technology apps into classroom practice can form an alternative pedagogical medium that influences the learning process in mathematics. We give an account of one aspect of a research project that examined the use of tablets and apps in primaryschool mathematics programmes and report teacher and student perceptions on how they used the apps, in combination with other manipulatives, to solve problems. Through teacher and researcher coinquiry, three themes emerged: multi-modal affordances, collaboration, and assemblages. We examined how the interplay between these themes evoked ranges of social, tangible, and digital entities resulting in different learning experiences. We draw on notions of collectives to articulate a socio-technological assemblage and suggest that the notion of an assemblage helps to understand how teachers can use educational technologies to support new learning experiences in their mathematics classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sen's capability approach is often criticized for its alleged individualism; various approaches have been suggested to overcome this problem. The notion of 'collective capabilities' is best known while other suggestions haven't received as much attention or approval. This article surveys the manifold suggestions for how Sen's capability approach can accommodate collectives and introduces the literature. Five strands of literature are identified with a framework that classifies these suggestions according to (a) whether the groups are externally or internally defined and (b) whether the main aim of these groups is to improve the well-being or agency of their members. After discussing the main threads of the literature the article tags Sen's capability approach as an example of structural individualism, proposes the concept of collective functionings, and calls for models of interaction between individuals and collective agency that integrate collective intentions and explore the effects of Giddensian social structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we argue that closer engagement with the field of new institutional economics (NIE) has the potential to provide researchers with a new theoretical toolbox that can be used to study economic and social practices that are not readily traceable in material culture. NIE assumes that individual actions are based on bounded rationality and that the existence of rules (institutions) and their enforcement – the institutional framework – influences agents' actions by providing different incentives and probabilities for different choices. Within this theoretical framework, we identify a number of concepts, such as collective identity and mobile jurisdictions , that seem to fit what we know of Viking age economic systems. In applying these models to the available archaeological and textual data, we outline the ways in which further research could provide a new understanding of economic interaction within a rapidly evolving context of diaspora and change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article approaches the emergence of social subjects – associativism – and the formation of horizontal circuits of solidarity, both of which were decisive processes for saving lives in favelas and suburbs in Rio de Janeiro during the Covid-19 pandemic. The impact of the pandemic has been enormous collective trauma that accentuated the collapse of health surveillance systems and generated a catastrophe and humanitarian crisis in the city. Solidarity and local collective cooperation processes had decisive effects as a new protagonism, generating synergy with health actions and social programmes. They contributed decisively to actions that made forms of immunological protection, food security, and access to basic care possible in adverse contexts with weak policies and severe limitations for social isolation. Highlighting the importance of collective health surveillance and assistance actions from local associations, this paper discusses public health actions in the favela territories that demonstrate how communities, universities, public officials, and public health networks can develop policies and projects to confront Covid-19 in the favelas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasingly, environments that propose other relationships between different agents existing/acting in the city and territories and the reconnection with the place will design solutions for a complex daily life. In this work, we intend to approach these elements from a specific creative ecosystem, Armazém da Criatividade (Warehouse of Creativity), and one of its proposals presented this year, the MMA Challenge (Fashion, Music and Art). We aim to explore the pertinence of the existence of environments such as the Armazém da Criatividade in terms of stimulating, provoking and, sometimes, inducing the new in the territories/cities where they are located, producing other effects of meaning in the agents involved as well, who are provoked -- directly or indirectly -- into actions and projects for these spaces. Based on this relationship, we will also address potential connections between stimulating local creative vocations and reverberating this in terms of positive impacts in different contemporary territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]