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In the cold period of the year, to ensure the required thermal regime in underground mine workings, the air supplied to the mine is heated using air handling systems. In future, the thermodynamic state of the prepared air flow when it is lowered along the mine shaft changes due to the influence of a number of factors. At the same time, the processes of heat and mass exchange between the incoming air and its environment are of particular interest. These processes directly depend on the initial parameters of the heated air, the downcast shaft depth and the presence of water flows into the mine shaft. Based on the obtained experimental data and theoretical studies, the analysis of the influence of various heat and mass transfer factors on the formation of microclimatic parameters of air in the downcast shafts of the Norilsk industrial district mines is carried out. It is shown that in the presence of external water flows from the flooded rocks behind the shaft lining, the microclimatic parameters of the air in the shaft are determined by the heat transfer from the incoming air flow to the underground water flowing down the downcast shaft lining. The research results made it possible to describe and explain the effect of lowering the air temperature entering the underground workings of deep mines

The paper considers the long-term spatial and temporal air temperature variability on the Kola Peninsula according to 26 hydro-meteorological stations and the ice regime of rivers according to 13 hydrological stations for 1950—2018 (base period 1950—1980, and control period 1981—2018). The cold season of the year on the Kola Peninsula lasts from October to the first decade of May, the average temperature for the season is –6.2°C. The average increase in air temperature during the cold season was 1.1 °C.

Cold tolerance and potential distribution of Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus Marshall, a polyphagous pest in the United States, were investigated. Adult survivorship after 2 days at 0 °C and − 5 °C averaged 60% and 18%, respectively. Four days of exposure resulted in survivorship of 11% at 0 °C and 4% at − 5 °C, respectively. Summer-collected weevils at − 5 °C through repeated cold exposure of 2 h survived 3 times longer than those subjected to sustained cold period of 10 h. Leaf consumption did not differ among summer-collected weevils at constant 20 °C and repeated cold exposure treatments; weevils under sustained cold exposure consumed less than weevils in repeated cold exposure treatments. Leaf area consumed after cold exposure was 2–4 times greater in winter-collected weevils compared to summer-collected weevils. Leaf consumption by winter-collected weevils decreased as the number of repeated cold exposure periods increased. Locality data from collections in Florida during 2000–2012 were used to produce a correlative model complemented by a mechanistic model from the cold tolerance data to project the potential distribution of M. undecimpustulatus undatus in North America. The models support the hypothesis that M. undecimpustulatus undatus could spread to areas of the southeastern and western United States. The predicted northern distribution followed an isothermal line about 33° North. The niche model defined an area along the western Gulf Coast as unsuitable for the weevil, possibly because the area receives greater annual rainfall than other areas of the southeastern United States and has aquic or udic soil unlike the well-drained sandy soil of peninsular Florida.

Gibberellic acid is an essential growth promoter that aids in the systematic plant growth. Studies on the impact of GA3 during cold period discovered a positive effect on the growth of rice plants. The current study evaluated the impact of various concentrations of GA3 on the yielding attributes of rice during cold stress in the rice varities, JGL 1804, BPT 5204, and RNR 15048. All the quantitative traits showed significant variation among the genotypes and treatments. Gibberellins applied at low concentrations during seedling stage (1, 2 or 3 gm/200 m2 of nursery area) revealed higher quantitative trait values compared to higher concnetartions (5 and 10 gm). Among all the three varities, RNR 15048 was found to be the best variety than the others in terms of yielding triats. Therefore, GA3 applied at a concentration of 1gm, 2gm or 3gm promotes the rice plant growth during cold periods and results in higher yield. Among these, 2 gm of GA3 for 200 m2 of nurcessary area was found to be the best in aiding the crop growth during cold phase.

SAZONALIDADE DA PRODUTIVIDADE E PÓS-COLHEITA DE MELÃO 'PELE DE SAPO' SUBMETIDO À LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E DOSES DE BIOESTIMULANTE DAÍSE SOUZA REIS LIMA1; WELSON LIMA SIMÕES2*; JOSÉ ALIÇANDRO BEZERRA DA SILVA3; MAGNO DO NASCIMENTO AMORIM4 E JUCICLÉIA SOARES DA SILVA5 * Autor for correspondence 1 Docente, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências-UniFTC. Av. Clementino Coelho, 714 - Centro, CEP:56308-210, Petrolina – PE, Brasil. E-mail: dayse29@hotmail.com 2 Pesquisador – Embrapa Semiárido. BR 428, Km 152, CEP: 56302-970, Petrolina-PE, Brasil. E-mail: welson.simoes@embrapa.br 3 Docente, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Av. Antônio C. Magalhães, 510 - Santo Antônio, Juazeiro - BA, CEP:48902-300, Juazeiro, BA, Brasil. E-mail: alissandrojbs@gmail.com; 4 Mestrando, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Av. Antônio C. Magalhães, 510 - Santo Antônio, Juazeiro - BA, CEP:48902-300, Juazeiro, BA, Brasil. E-mail: magno_amorim27@hotmail.com 5 Pós-doutoranda – Embrapa Semiárido. BR 428, Km 152, CEP: 56302-970, Petrolina-PE, Brasil. E-mail: jucicleiass@gmail.com 1 RESUMO Buscando minimizar os efeitos sazonais nas plantas cultivadas em diferentes épocas, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar as respostas de produtividade e pós-colheita do melão ‘pele de sapo’ submetido à lâminas de irrigação e doses de bioestimulante em diferentes períodos no Semiárido brasileiro. As parcelas foram as lâminas de irrigação: 60; 80; 100; e 120% da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), as subparcelas foram cinco doses do bioestimulante Stimulate®: 0; 0,6; 1,2; 2,4 e 4,8 L ha-1, e as subsubparcelas foram dois períodos de cultivo: quente e frio. Foram avaliadas as variáveis produtividade total e comercial, peso médio do fruto comercial, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), pH, acidez total titulável (ATT) e firmeza de polpa (FP). A dose de 4,8 L ha-1 com a lâmina de 120% da ETc, no período quente, promoveram melhores condições de desenvolvimento e, consequentemente, um maior incremento na produtividade quando comparado com o período frio do semiárido brasileiro. A qualidade dos frutos foi influenciada pelo maior teor de SST no período quente e ATT no período frio, submetida à dose de 4,8 L ha-1 do Stimulate® e às lâminas abaixo de 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura. Palavras-chave: períodos, irrigação, Cucumis melo L., produtividade, qualidade do fruto. LIMA, D. S. R.; SIMÕES, W. L.; SILVA, J. A. B. da; AMORIM, M. DO N.; SILVA, J. S. da SEASONALITY OF PRODUCTION AND POST-HARVEST OF 'TOAD SKIN MELON' UNDER IRRIGATION DEPTHS AND DOSES OF BIOESTIMULANT 2 ABSTRACT Seeking to minimize seasonal effects on plants grown at different times, this study aimed to evaluate the productivity and post-harvest responses of melon ‘'toad skin' melon submitted to irrigation depths and doses of biostimulant in different periods in the Brazilian Semiarid. The plots were the irrigation depths: 60; 80; 100; and 120% of the culture evapotranspiration (ETc), the subplots were five doses of the Stimulate® biostimulant: 0; 0.6; 1.2; 2.4 and 4.8 L ha-1, and the sub-plots were two growing periods: hot and cold. The variables total and commercial productivity, the average weight of the commercial fruit, total soluble solids (SST), pH, total titratable acidity (ATT) and pulp firmness (FP) were evaluated. The dose of 4.8 L ha-1 with a depth of 120% of ETc, in the hot period, promoted better conditions of development and, consequently, a greater increase in productivity compared to the cold period of the Brazilian semiarid region. The quality of the fruits was influenced by the higher SST content in the hot period and ATT in the cold period, submitted to a dose of 4.8 L ha-1 of Stimulate® and to the depths below 100% of the crop evapotranspiration. Keywords: periods; irrigation, Cucumis melo L., productivity, fruit quality

A thorough understanding of regional differences in change patterns of surface air temperature (SAT) at various spatial scales can help people cope well with global warming. In this study, a SAT change pattern recognition method was firstly established based on k-mean++ algorithm. By creating a clustering effect evaluation index (DBWk) to select the optimal cluster number k, the pattern of SAT change in 1960–2016 of China was recognized at national and regional scales. Results showed that China’s SAT change patterns were grouped into 3 clusters, namely, Clusters I, II and III, at the national scale. These clusters were further divided into 3, 7, and 4 subclusters at the regional scale, respectively. The SAT change in Cluster I was intense, with a relatively cold period (1960–1987) and a relatively warm period (1988–2016). The SAT of Cluster II decreased slightly in the first phase (1960–1983), minimally increased in the third phase (1999–2016), but rose strongly in the second phase (1984–1998). The linear trend (LT) of SAT increase of Cluster III was high and statistically significant, especially in 1983–2016. The analysis of the SAT change pattern of subclusters showed that the SAT fluctuations of the Altai Mountains and Junggar Basin were the strongest. The Northern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau had the highest warming rate, and the LT of warming was statistically the most significant in China.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) were determined in outdoor organic films formed on window glasses inside a street canyon at four different heights. The vertical distribution of PAHs in the organic film and the factors responsible for this have been studied. Significant changes of the concentration levels depending on the height and on the season were observed. The concentrations were elevated in the organic film at the street level and during the cold period. This work provides evidences that window organic film may pose an additional risk for human health in such locations through the accumulation of PAHs near the street level.

An example of red-billed pacu Piaractus brachypomus with standard length 271.8 mm and weight 691 g was captured in the Lake Chervyachnoye (Sakhalin island) in May of 2010. This fish was without parasites, what indicates spending a short period in the Lake. Plenty fat in the abdominal cavity says in favour of good physical condition. Stomach content included typical Sakhalin freshwater invertebrates. The species does not threat local ecosystem, because minimum temperatures in the rivers and lakes of Sakhalin during cold period of the year are lower than red-billed pacu survival temperature limit. Most likely the fish was released into the lake by an amateur aquariumist.

У статті проводиться аналіз багаторічної мінливості кліматичних факторів та водного режиму в межах зони впливу Південноукраїнського енергокомплексу. Для аналізу були використані ряди середньорічних, максимальних і мінімальних витрат води тривалістю до 2017 р. по водпостам Первомайськ (вище ПУЕК) та Олександрівка (нижче ПУЕК). Основні метеорологічні характеристики взяті по метеостанціям Первомайськ та Вознесенськ, оскільки вони розташовані найближче до зони впливу ПУЕК (вище та нижче). Для порівняння та кореляції даних з іншими періодами часу використано ряди метеорологічних показників за весь період спостережень, що проводяться з 1886 р.Відмічається, що останні декілька десятиліть характеризуються значними темпами потепління, як в цілому по території України, так і в регіоні розташування ПУЕК. На фоні загального підвищення кількості опадів в холодний період року і взагалі річної суми атмосферних опадів, проявилася тенденція досить значного зменшення кількості атмосферних опадів в липні-серпні, причому це зменшення супроводжується істотним підвищенням температури повітря на 5±2оС.Такі регіональні зміни клімату, в певній мірі, можуть стати причиною зменшення водності водойм, через збільшення випаровування при підвищення приземної температури та зменшенні кількості атмосферних опадів, особливо у верхів'ї та в середній частині басейну, а незначне підвищення кількості опадів в нижній частині басейну їх не компенсують (стік в цій частині басейну складає лише 17,5 % від річного стоку всієї річки). Формування водного режиму річки Південний Буг у районі розміщення ПУЕК, в останні десятиріччя відбувається на фоні позитивної фази коливань середньорічних температур повітря і негативної фази коливань опадів зимового сезону. Це призвело до суттєвого зменшення середньорічних витрат води р. Південний Буг на досліджувані території (по в/п Первомайськ на 20%, а по в/п Олександрівка – 30%).У стоці річки багатоводний період, який розпочався з кінця 60-х років минулого століття, з 2007 року змінився маловодним циклом. Сезонний перерозподіл стоку річки з даної території став менш вираженим протягом року. Істотно зменшився сток у весняний період, і збільшився в літній, осінній та зимовий.

The study objective is researching of neurological deficit (ND) increasing risk factors in early postoperative period after intracranial arterial aneurysms clipping, in the cases of a transient loss of responses (TLR) during transcranial motor evoked potentials (TcMEP) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) registration. Materials and methods. One hundred and eighty-four (184) patients, operated in the neurosurgical department of IRCH by intracranial arterial aneurysms from 2014 to 2019 using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring were included. In the acute period, 67 (36.4 %) patients were operated, in the subacute period — 40 (21.7 %), in the cold period — 77 (41.8 %), of which 7 patients have a history of aneurysm rupture, 70 patients have no break. Eighty-one (44.0 %) patients registered SSEP, 75 (40.8 %) — TcMEP, 28 (15.2 %) — successively SSEP and TcMEP. Results . MEP TLR was noted in 27 (14.7 %) cases, of which in 15 (55.6 %) cases — without an increase in ND, and in 12 (44.4 %) cases — with an increase in ND by 5.17 ± 4.63points according to NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), SSEP TLR was noted in 20 (10.9 %) cases, of which in 13 (65 %) cases — without an increase in ND, and in 7 (35 %) cases — with an increase in ND by 5.14 ± 4.91 points according to NIHSS. MEP TLR with the subsequent ND increase significantly more often developed during operations performed in cold period (66.7 %) vs in acute period (25.0 %), and in subacute period (8.3 %). MEP TLR without ND increase was more often observed in acute period (46.7 %) and subacute period (33.3 %) vs in cold period (20.0 %) (p = 0.044). Transient MEP TLR during approach to an aneurysm were significantly more often (36.4 %) associated with ND increase, and MEP TLR which developed within 10 min after the final clipping, with timely correction taken were significantly more often (66.7 %) associated with a favorable outcome. Conclusion . Transient MEP TLR is more significant in predicting of postoperative ND, in the case of clip intracranial arterial aneurysms in cold period. MEP TLR during approach to an aneurysm more often associated with ND increasing.

The article presents results of monitoring changes in some phenological characteristics of the ice cover of Lake Ladoga over the past 55 years. A steady tendency has been observed for a decrease in the duration of ice formation and the area of fast ice since the beginning of the 90s. A comparison is made of the average spatial patterns of ice formation dynamics between the periods 1964–1994 and 1993–2019. Since the beginning of the 90s, there has been a change in the ice characteristics of Lake Ladoga, directly related to a reduction in the duration of the cold period. The duration of ice events averaged over the past 30 years has decreased by about a month compared with the previous thirty-year period. Fast ice began to cover only 30% of the lake surface compared to 80% in previous years. The frequency of winters with incomplete freeze-up (remaining ice free areas) increased from two to six years per decade. The warming effect is most clearly seen in the central part of the lake. Such significant changes in the dynamics of ice phenology cannot but affect the functioning of the entire ecosystem of Lake Ladoga.

The operation of the recuperator requires electricity, but saves heat. An urgent problem is to find the optimal mode of operation of the recuperator.The previous article described the experiment, presented the results of experimental studies, obtained a model of statics of a rotary recuperator and compared it with the experiment - the comparison showed sufficient accuracy (about a tenth of a degree). Experimental studies were performed with recuperators manufactured by REMAK model XPXR.The problem of static optimization on the principle of the greatest economic benefit (the greatest energy saving in terms of energy cost) is formed. The problem is solved for the case of obtaining thermal energy from the own boiler of the company.The received algorithm of search of optimum operating modes is introduced for increase of energy saving in ALC "Institute of the radio measuring equipment" in the cold period of the year.

Given that the European Union lays down air quality objectives associated with outdoor environments, indoor air mixtures’ study acquires a remarkable relevance. This work aims to submit a stepwise methodological framework for assessing similarities between indoor and outdoor air mixtures and apportioning potential emission sources. For reaching this goal, PM10 particles were systematically and simultaneously collected at an indoor (dominant emission sources free) and outdoor environment during a year to determine the PAH content in both air mixtures. Broadly, outdoor PAHs levels were higher than at the indoor location, supporting a strong association between both mixtures (r = 0.968, p > 0.001), mainly during the cold period (r = 0.896, p > 0.001). The light molecular weight PAHs were highlighted at the indoor site, in particular to naphthalene and anthracene. Outdoor emission sources influenced the indoor PAH levels, especially high and medium molecular weight PAHs. The local-traffic load was identified as a dominant pollution source responsible for more than half PAHs determined at both environments. Therefore, the control of outdoor emission sources would be translated into an improvement of indoor air quality.

The correlation between the isotopic composition of ice wedges and temperature of the cold period over the past 80 years in the north of the permafrost zone of Russia is verified using modern climate data. The meteorological observations from 1930 to 2017 and the values of δ18О in ice wedges for each region of the permafrost zone are analyzed to identify the most obvious and stable dependence of the isotopic composition and winter temperature. This will allow creating more detailed quantitative paleoreconstructions of climate change within the modern permafrost zone of Siberia.

espanolEl potencial de habitabilidad termica y el diseno de espacios publicos exteriores, establecen las condiciones de ambiente termico de sus habitantes por la interrelacion de sus componentes (Sevilla, 2008). En la ciudad de El Grullo, Jalisco, Mexico, se considera que condiciones de clima calido semiseco en periodo de verano, reduce niveles de habitabilidad termica en espacios de convivencia publicos exteriores, revision de literatura hasta 2019, indica que estudios sobre habitabilidad termica en Mexico, han sido desarrollados basicamente en vivienda y edificacion, parte de lo que justifica la elaboracion de este estudio. El objetivo de esta investigacion es presentar el proceso de desarrollo de un Indice de Habitabilidad Termica (IHT) para espacios de convivencia publicos exteriores, a partir de la estimacion del efecto de variables fisicas, meteorologicas y termo fisiologicas del habitante, en periodo frio. El caso de estudio fue la poblacion de El Grullo y se utilizo una metodologia descriptiva, no experimental y transversal. Despues del analisis documental y necesidades del estudio, se adecuo la Formula de Confort (COMFA) desarrollada por Brown y Gillespie (1995). De acuerdo al diagnostico bioclimatico de horas de confort para El Grullo y el analisis de areas de estudio, se aplicaron 554 cedulas de informacion de habitante y 98 de ambiente termico y contexto urbano para periodo frio. Para alcanzar valores del IHT, se evaluo nivel de desempeno de cada indicador en funcion de complejidad, relevancia y accesibilidad de informacion, para analisis de datos se utilizo el coeficiente de correlacion de Spearman y con base en los resultados obtenidos, se determina que el desarrollo del IHT contribuye a la relacion y adecuacion entre el hombre y su entorno, y es referido a la integracion que resulta de la capacidad de satisfacer las necesidades humanas y sus expectativas de desarrollo y convivencia en un espacio publico exterior, ademas el IHT funciona como herramienta de diseno urbano y sistema de evaluacion como propuesta para mejorar las condiciones de confort y de habitabilidad de dichos espacios. EnglishThe potential for thermal habitability and the design of outdoor public spaces establish the thermal environment conditions of its inhabitants due to the interrelation of its components (Sevilla, 2008). In the city of El Grullo, Jalisco, Mexico, it is considered that semi-dry warm weather conditions in the summer period, reduce levels of thermal habitability in outdoor public coexistance spaces, literature review until 2019, indicates that studies on thermal habitability in Mexico, have been developed basically in housing and building, part of what justifies the preparation of this study. The objective of this research is to present the development process of a Thermal Habitability Index (IHT) for outdoor public coexistance spaces, from the estimation of the effect of physical, meteorological and thermo-physiological variables of the inhabitant, in the cold period. The case study was the population of El Grullo and a descriptive, non-experimental and transversal methodology was used. After the documentary analysis and study needs, the Comfort Formula (COMFA) developed by Brown and Gillespie (1995) was adapted. According to the bioclimatic diagnosis of comfort hours for El Grullo and the analysis of study areas, 554 inhabitant information cards and 98 of thermal environment and urban context for cold period were applied. To reach IHT values, the performance level of each indicator was evaluated based on complexity, relevance and accessibility of information, Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used for data analysis and, based on the results obtained, it was determined that the development The IHT contributes to the relationship and adequacy between man and his environment, and is referred to the integration that results from the ability to meet human needs and their expectations of development and coexistence in an outdoor public space, also the IHT works as a tool urban design and evaluation system as a proposal to improve the conditions of comfort and habitability of these spaces.

Changes in the polyphenoloxidase activity in the leaves of four cultivars and one subspecies of Olea europaea L. were studied during the cold periods of 2016-2019 years on the Southern Coast of the Crimea. Nikitskaya cultivar was used as a model of high frost resistance, while Correggiolo cultivar and the subspecies O. europaea subsp. cuspidata were models of low frost resistance. It was found out that the polyphenoloxidase activity depends on weather conditions during a particular cold period and it almost independent of the degree of frost resistance of the studied genotypes.

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the large-scale peculiarities of ice age composition and thickness in winter period (October–May) along the entire stripe of the Russian Arctic seas from the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago to Alaska, as well as to assess the multi-year changes taking place in early 21st century. The source of the information used for the present paper is the electronic ice charts at the end of every month, developed in the AARI from 1997 to 2018.On the average, during the period 1997–2018, from month to month, the consecutive and ordered changes of ice area of given age take place in accordance with the general ice thickness increase. In October–December the grey-white and first year thin ice (15–70 cm) prevails in the Arctic seas, in January–February — the first-year medium ice (70–120 cm), in March–May — the first-year thick ice (more than 120 cm).The period from 1997 to 2018 consists of two parts (1997–2003 and 2004–2018) principally differing from one another by the peculiarities of ice age composition. The basic content of the changes in the 21st century is the decrease of relatively thicker ice area and increase of that of relatively thinner ice.On the average, in the winter periods of 2004–2018, (1) the area of ice thinner than 70 cm (nilas, grey, grey-white and first year thin) became 12 % less than in 1997–2003, and (2) the area of ice thicker than 70 cm (first year medium, first year thick, second year and multi-year) became 18 % larger than in 1997–2003. The most significant changes regard to the second year and multi-year ice, their area in winter period decreased about 10 times. Decrease of the rate of first year ice growth is accompanied with delay of the dates when the first year ice reaches the values of 70 and 120 cm.Correspondingly, the weighted mean ice thickness also changes. On the average, in 2004–2018 ice thickness has got about 40 cm less than in 1997–2003; by the end of cold period (May), ice thickness decrease from 153 to 117 cm.The typical feature of the observed changes is an abrupt transformation from one climatic state of ice cover to another during only one hydrological year.

The article deals with the question of the duration of the preservation and destruction phase which were calculated for ice-free periods of the category of SHP and were observed on the territory of Ukraine in the month of the cold period of the year during certain periods 1991–2000, 2001-2010 and 2011-2016. It was established that the duration of the preservation phase and the destruction of ice-oily deposits in the category of SHP is very volatile and ranges from near-instant destruction after reaching a maximum diameter of several hours or several dozen hours. However, there are cases where the duration of this phase can be 4 days in a row and more than several hundred hours. The study found that for the most part during the investigated period, the glacial deposits of the SHP category were dominated by non-prolonged conservation and degradation phases, regardless of the region where the sediment was formed, and regardless of the overall duration of the sediment itself, which could be significant. In 2001–2010 and 2011–2016, unlike in the period of 1991-2000, in January and December, the number of cases of ice-ousted categories of SHP increased. Moreover, in January, especially in 2011–2016, the number of cases with a significant duration of the phase of preservation and destruction of ice deposits of the category of SHP was increased. From the above we can draw a number of conclusions, namely: – During 1991–2000, the phases of preservation and destruction of ice-clay deposits in the category of HPAs were mostly non-prolonged and ranging from several hours to several dozen hours. The most prolonged phases of preservation and destruction of deposits of iced ice of category SHHA were in cases of sediments in Lower Zirgozakh in January 1996, in March 1998 in Kropivnitsky and most often in November 1999 in Gadyach, Dolynska, Komissarivka, Mariupol, Prisheby, and also in 2000 It is in Novodnistrovsk, Separate, Lyubashevtsi, Serbs, Voznesensk, December 1997 in Loshkarivka, Kryvy Rih, Nikopol, Lyubashevtsi, Prisheb and especially in Donetsk. – In 2001–2010, the amount of ice-cream deposits in the category of SHP increased slightly. In addition, the duration of the preservation and destruction phase compared to the previous period changed slightly, taking into account the individual months. So, in January, along with the relatively long phases of preservation and destruction of ice-clay deposits of the category of SHP (up to several dozen hours), in 2010 deposits with very long phases of conservation and destruction in Debaltsevo and especially in Mysovoye were observed. In December of this period, the long phases of preservation and destruction of deposits of iced ice of category SHP were observed in 2004 in Dar’yivka, and in 2008 in Vinnitsa and Ovruch. In the remaining months, the duration of the conservation and destruction phase was overwhelmingly within a few hours, at least to several dozen golds (11–25 hours) – Unlike in the years 1991-2000 and 2001-2010, in January the number of cases of ice deposits of the category of SHP increased in the five-year period of 2011–2016. They met practically in most regions. Significantly increased cases with them, where the duration of the preservation and destruction phase was significant and exceeded the duration of 4 consecutive days. Such cases were observed in January 2013 in Rava-Ruska, Kamianets Buzka and Poltava, in January 2014 – in Rava-Ruska, Ternopil, Amvrosiyivka, Rosdilna, Mykolayiv, Ochakov, and Simferopol. In December 2012, a similar accident happened in Evpatoria.

The solar thermal storage is an important issue for greenhouse applications in winter period. For the reason that greenhouse operations, such as heating and cooling, consume a large amount of energy. The thermal storage is important to minimize the cost of greenhouse production. Surplus air thermal energy (SATE) is available in greenhouses during all the year, even in the cold period, hence its use in greenhouse applications is possible. In this present work, a solar heating cooling system (SHCS) with quartzitic sandstone as thermal storage material to store and use the SATE in greenhouse production was operated for cooling and heating processes and its performance was evaluated during winter period. This system consists of a quartzitic sandstone and including thermal storage blocks and pipes with fans to manage those processes in greenhouse. This system was located in the Souss-Massa region, Morocco. The heating and cooling of inside air by SHCS can improve the greenhouse microclimate and tomato yield. The results show that the air temperature in greenhouse equipped with SHCS exceeds than that of the control one about 3 °C at night and 6 °C lower during day, with fewer fluctuations. Moreover, the relative humidity was 10% lower at night. The SATE stored was varied between 15.68 and 140 MJ/day in plastic greenhouse with an area of 165 m2 during day, and 65% of this heat recovered at night. The SHCS was improved the tomato yield about 1.74 kg/m2 than that of normal production. An economic analysis revealed that this system is very profitable and could generate profits for farmers.

Наибольший интерес представляют два климатических элемента – температура воздуха и осадки, так как именно в результате изменения соотношения между теплом и влагой происходит заметное переформирование естественных горных экосистем, величины стока рек, почвы и растительности. В целях анализа климатических изменений прошедшего столетия в лесных экосистемах Джалал-Абадской области нами построены временные тренды среднегодовых значений температуры приземного слоя воздуха и годовых сумм осадков на основе данных метеорологической станции Джалал-Абад, последняя МС выбрана из-за наиболее продолжительного ряда инструментальных наблюдений. Анализ трендов показал, что годовые суммы осадков за весь период наблюдения (75 лет) имеет отрицательный знак, наблюдается явное уменьшение выпадения осадков. Тренд изменения средних годовых температур воздуха за этот же период положительный и составил 2,3 0 ., Greatest interest are two Climatic elements - Air temperature and Precipitation, since it is as a result changing the ratio between Heat and Moisture that a noticeable re-formation of Natural mountain ecosystems, the magnitude of River Runoff, Soil and Vegetation occurs. In order to analyze the Climatic changes of the past Century in the Forest Ecosystems of the Jalal-Abad Region, we built Time trends of the average annual Temperatures of the Surface Air layer and Annual Precipitation based on the data of the Jalal-Abad Meteorological station, the last MS was chosen because it has longest series of instrumental observations. Trend analysis showed that the Annual Precipitation over the entire observation period (75 years) has a negative sign, and a clear decrease in precipitation. The Trend of changes in the average annual Air Temperatures for the same Period is positive and amounted to 2.30 ., НАУКА, НОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ИННОВАЦИИ КЫРГЫЗСТАНА, Выпуск 3 2022, Pages 149-154

В условиях современного изменения климата актуальными становятся вопросы изучения прикладных климатических характеристик. Достаточно важными и актуальными становятся исследования, посвященные изменениям климатических характеристик отопительного периода. В настоящей статье рассмотрена динамика климатических показателей отопительного периода на территории Республики Башкортостан в условиях изменения климата. На основе многолетних данных наблюдений метеорологических станций рассчитаны и проанализированы такие характеристики отопительного периода, как средняя температура воздуха, сумма среднесуточных температур воздуха, даты начала, даты окончания, продолжительность. Особое внимание уделено расчетам индекса потребления топлива и изменения затрат на отопление. Выявлено, что сокращение продолжительности отопит ельного периода, смягчение его температурных условий приводит к уменьшению потребления топлива и энергозатрат на отопление в Республике Башкортостан., In the conditions of modern climate change, the issues of studying applied climatic characteristics become topical. Quite important and relevant are studies on changes in the climatic characteristics of the heating period. The dynamics of individual indicators of the heating period on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan under the conditions of climate change is considered. The climatic characteristics of the heating period are calculated and analyzed: average air temperature, sum of average daily air temperatures, start dates, end dates, duration. Particular attention is paid to the calculation of the fuel consumption index and changes in heating costs. It was revealed that the reduction of the duration of the heating period, the mitigation of its temperature conditions leads to a decrease in fuel consumption and energy costs for heating in the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Dynamics of total phenolic compounds content in the leaves of four cultivars and one subspecies of Olea europaea L. were studied during the cold periods of 2016-2019 years on the Southern Coast of the Crimea. The concentration of phenolic substances ranged from 642 to 1332 mg/100 g of fresh biomass. It was found out that the content of phenolic compounds depended on weather conditions during a particular cold period and it did not almost depend of the degree of frost resistance of the studied genotypes.

Located in north-east France, the Observatoire Pérenne de l'Environnement (OPE) station was built during the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) Demonstration Experiment to monitor the greenhouse gases mole fraction. Its continental rural background setting fills the gaps between oceanic or mountain stations and urban stations within the ICOS network. Continuous measurements of several greenhouse gases using high-precision spectrometers started in 2011 on a tall tower with three sampling inlets at 10, 50 and 120 m above ground level (a.g.l.). Measurement quality is regularly assessed using several complementary approaches based on reference high-pressure cylinders, audits using travelling instruments and sets of travelling cylinders (“cucumber” intercomparison programme). Thanks to the quality assurance strategy recommended by ICOS, measurement uncertainties are within the World Meteorological Organisation compatibility goals for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO). The time series of mixing ratios from 2011 to the end of 2018 are used to analyse trends and diurnal and seasonal cycles. The CO2 and CH4 annual growth rates are 2.4 ppm yr−1 and 8.8 ppb yr−1 respectively for measurements at 120 m a.g.l. over the investigated period. However, no significant trend has been recorded for CO mixing ratios. The afternoon mean residuals (defined as the differences between midday observations and a smooth fitted curve) of these three compounds are significantly stronger during the cold period when inter-species correlations are high, compared to the warm period. The variabilities of residuals show a close link with air mass back-trajectories.

—The results of studies conducted by the sanitary and epidemiological service in the Voronezh oblast from 1959 to 2013 were analyzed. Records of small mammals (SMs) were carried out by snap traps with wire hooks for baiting. Standard bait (black bread pieces flavored with sunflower oil) was used. Traps were placed in lines. The numbers of SMs were calculated as the percentage of animals that fell into 100 traps per day. The data obtained were analyzed using conventional statistical methods, including the method of standard deviations. The results were considered in the territory of two regions: the Oka–Don lowland plain and the Central Russian upland in fields from May to September (the “warm” period) and in stacks and ricks from August to March (the “cold” period). It is shown that the situation in fields in the warm period and that in ricks and stacks in the cold period allow us to judge the future abundance of SMs in these localities. It is assumed that the described trends can be used for short-term prognoses of the abundance of SMs and as substantiation when planning antiepizootic, epidemiological, and phytosanitary measures. One should take into account the degree of synanthropy of certain SM species and their epidemic significance. In addition, for this purpose, it is necessary to carry out seasonal counts of SMs in the analyzed habitats constantly. Despite the reduction in the numbers of stacks and ricks in recent years, data on the numbers of SMs in these habitats are still of particular interest for analysis of the situation.

Data on modern climate and environmental changes in Eastern Siberia are compared with the public perception of such changes through cognitive indicators. Observations reveal positive air temperature trends for all seasons, shortening of the cold period, decrease in wintertime daily temperature variations, deeper seasonal thawing of permafrost, and lengthening of the vegetation period. The public perception acknowledges these changes only partly, although they already affect many types of human’s activity. The gap between observational data and the cognitive indicators of climate change complicates the development and implementation of climate adaptation strategies.

This paper presents the results of a study of the Novosibirsk Tin Plant influence on the level of tin content in the environment in the southern Western Siberia. Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and the tin content in the atmospheric precipitation that falls in 2014–2018 at the radius of 200 km from the emission source, it has been found that 90% of the precipitation events with an increased tin content and 75% and 82% of all Sn fluxes fallen, respectively, in warm and cold seasons were brought to the study area by air masses previously passed over the territory of the Novosibirsk Tin Plant. During the period of observation (from April 2014 to October 2018), the mean, median and weighted mean values of tin concentrations in atmospheric precipitation in the Southern Western Siberia were 0.25; 0.11 and 0.17 μg L−1, respectively. A significantly higher volume-weighted mean concentration of Sn was in cold period due to high sorption activity of snowflakes, but atmospheric deposition fluxes of tin were slightly higher in the warm period due to the more abundant precipitation and the larger number of events. The contamination factor calculated relative to the background territory (Valdai National Park, European part of Russia) showed that atmospheric precipitation collected at the southern Western Siberia is moderately contaminated with Sn. The main factors controlling the fluxes of Sn (emitted from the Novosibirsk Tin Plant) on the territory of the south of Western Siberia are the direction of the surface air masses movement, the frequency and abundance of precipitation, as well as the seasonal features of tin distribution in the system air–precipitation.

Introduction. Oil industry workers are exposed to some work environment factors of specific natural and climatic conditions. The aim of study is to conduct an assessment of the group occupational risk of health disorders in the conditions of working in open territories in cold seasons. Materials and methods. The object of the study was workers who carry out labor operations in an open area during cold seasons: operators of a desalting and dehydrating unit, mechanists of compressor units, mechanists for pumping a working agent into the reservoir and repairmen of the oil producing company located in Western Siberia. The assessment of a priori group risk from the impact of industrial noise, exposure to chemicals in the air of the work environment, while body vibration, factors of the work environment and the climate of cold seasons in the conditions of working in open areas and in unheated rooms was carried out according to the combined model of professional risk assessment developed by A.V. Meltser, A.V. Kiselev. Results. We ranked the workplaces of the studied professional groups according to the degree of health hazard. It has been established that the greatest danger, from the point of view of the methodology of professional risk, is the workplace of an operator of the central tank desalting and dehydrating unit of the oil preparation and delivery unit. The leading factor for the development of occupational and nonspecific pathology within a studied enterprise is industrial noise. At the same time, the climate in cold seasons in the conditions of working in open areas makes a significant contribution to the development of occupational and nonspecific pathology. Conclusions. Assessment of the a priori occupational risk of health disorders among oil company workers engaged in labor operations in an open area during a cold season made it possible to establish priority work place in which it is advisable to carry out priority medical and preventive measures. The implemented system of hygienic assessment of occupational factors should take into account the effect of the climatic and weather conditions on workers’ health in the region of residence.

To preserve the natural climate regime in the Tskhaltubo Cave Systems it is necessary to carry out the permanent seasonal meteorological observations on the climatic parameters in the underground area. Which will ensure the optimum operation of the cave system. By means of mentioned conditions will be to the conservation and this facility. For preservation of the natural regime of air circulation and for preservation of the optimum climate parameters, we consider it is necessary to introduce the following restrictions: during the cold period, the number of visitors should not exceed 7,000 person/season, and. in summer and spring — 2000-2700 person relatively. It is necessary to establish a special research laboratory. During the operation of the cave, the following activities should be carried out systematically: monitoring the inside environment microclimate: obtaining data on ionization and radioactivity of the air. on gas and bacteriological compositions of the air. on changes in the levels of underground waters according to diurnal and seasonal cycles and the attention should be paid to the prevention of pollution.