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Introducción: La investigación en salud pública es uno de los abordajes para la producción de conocimiento en salud y los posgrados vinculados al campo son espacios privilegiados donde se construye, aunque con dificultades y poca difusión entre quienes deberían ser interlocutores privilegiados. El objetivo fue: identificar tendencias en la investigación en el campo de la salud pública a partir del análisis de las tesis aprobadas en la Maestría en Salud Pública- Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios- Universidad Nacional de Rosario (1995-2022). Materiales y métodos: investigación descriptiva, retrospectiva. Fuentes de información: registro histórico de maestrandos donde constan datos académicos y personales. Se utilizaron las 98 tesis aprobadas hasta diciembre de 2022. Se analizaron las dimensiones: título de grado de los maestrandos y tiempo transcurrido entre inicio de cursado y graduación. Se clasificaron según: metodología utilizada y módulo del Plan de Estudios al que pertenecen. Resultados: es bajo el número de maestrandos que finalizan la carrera en relación a la cantidad de ingresantes. 66/98 tesis fueron realizadas por mujeres, 35/98 por médicos y 63/98 se graduaron en el lapso de tiempo entre 6 y 10 años. Predomina el abordaje cualitativo como metodología utilizada. Los temas elegidos se distribuyen de forma homogénea entre los diferentes módulos del plan de estudios con leve preferencia por Estado, políticas y derecho a la salud. Discusión: se requiere de políticas de ciencia y tecnología y además de educación superior sostenidas en el tiempo que retroalimenten un círculo virtuoso con la toma de decisiones en salud.

IntroductionAmong the tasks employed to investigate decisional processes, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) appears to be the most effective since it allows for deepening the progressive learning process based on feedback on previous choices. Recently, the study of decision making through the IGT has been combined with the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to understand the cognitive mechanisms and the neural structures involved. However, to date no review regarding the effects of tDCS on decisional processes assessed through the IGT is available. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of the potential effects of tDCS in enhancing decisional processes, assessed with the IGT, through the evaluation of the complete range of target cases.MethodsThe existing literature was analyzed through the PRISMA approach.ResultsResults reported that tDCS can enhance performance in the IGT and highlighted a pivotal role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex in risky and ambiguous decisions.DiscussionThus, tDCS over the brain regions identified improves the decisional processes in healthy subjects and patients, confirming its potential to enhance decision making in everyday contexts and deepen the neural correlates. Suggestions for further studies are provided to delve into decisional mechanisms and how to better support them.

The Steelhead ecotype (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) have promoted a recreational fishery in the Santa Cruz river, the last large free flowing river of Patagonia. However, two dams are being built upstream in the middle course, potentially affecting the life cycle of these anadromous salmonids. The study describes the dynamics of the recreational fishing of the Santa Cruz river around Piedrabuena city and anglers perceptions, discussing its trends according to possible river connectivity scenarios. The fishery was assessed through a monthly year-round field sampling from April 2018 to April 2019, developing instantaneous angler counts, discriminating fishing methods, effort, and catch per unit effort; also, in situ interviews were used to collect information on anglers’ motivations and perceptions. In addition, information on fishing tournaments was used. Three fishing zones (FZ) were identified near Piedrabuena city: FZ-1, located downstream where anglers used baited hook and line to catch the native marine Patagonian blenny (Eleginops maclovinus); FZ-2, located in the town where baited hook and line, spinning, and fly-cast are used to catch Patagonian blenny and salmonids; FZ-3 located upstream the town, where fishing effort was mainly directed to salmonids employing spinning and fly-cast. Fishing effort showed a seasonal pa�ern with high values from March to May and September to October, agreeing with Steelhead and Chinook salmon runs, respectively. The most relevant motivations for anglers were nonoriented catch variables. Anglers preferred the capture of salmonids over native species, considering dams to be a major threat to fishery. Although a postdamming scenario could allow the adult salmonids to migrate upstream, the current reproduction grounds of Steelhead will be flooded, and juveniles and adults of both species will be hindered in their downstream migration to sea. These aspects seem to seriously compromise the future of these unique fisheries.

Abstract Bacterial competition is a significant driver of toxin polymorphism, which allows continual compensatory evolution between toxins and the resistance developed to overcome their activity. Bacterial Rearrangement hot spot (Rhs) proteins represent a widespread example of toxin polymorphism. Here, we present the 2.45 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of Tse5, an Rhs protein central to Pseudomonas aeruginosa type VI secretion system-mediated bacterial competition. This structural insight, coupled with an extensive array of biophysical and genetic investigations, unravels the multifaceted functional mechanisms of Tse5. The data suggest that interfacial Tse5-membrane binding delivers its encapsulated pore-forming toxin fragment to the target bacterial membrane, where it assembles pores that cause cell depolarisation and, ultimately, bacterial death.

El cultivo de pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes, 1835), desarrollado en Argentina, permite la obtención de huevos y larvas provenientes de reproductores criados en tanques. No obstante, su acuicultura masiva aún no se ha consolidado, entre otras cosas, por el crecimiento lento de la especie. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar mediante meta-análisis, el crecimiento de O. bonariensis en acuicultura intensiva con el de poblaciones silvestres para conocer en qué medida la especie expresa su potencial en cautiverio. Los datos de longitud estándar por edad, compilados de publicaciones sobre crecimiento en cultivo y en ambientes naturales, fueron ajustados al modelo de crecimiento de von Bertalanffy y convertidos a peso promedio en gramos (W) utilizando la ecuación de peso estándar del pejerrey. Se calcularon los incrementos anuales en W (IW) y la ganancia anual de peso (SAIW) como la diferencia entre los IW en años sucesivos. En el cultivo, el crecimiento en talla y peso por edad se ubicó por encima de la media registrada para los ambientes naturales. Tanto en cultivo como en ambientes naturales, la SAIW presentó valores negativos a partir del tercer año y la máxima ganancia se obtuvo entre el primer y segundo año. Si bien el crecimiento en cautiverio fue superior al de la mayoría de los ambientes considerados, la existencia de valores de tallas superiores por edad en algunas poblaciones silvestres sugiere la posibilidad de alcanzar mejoras en el crecimiento en cultivo.

The ATLAS collaboration defines methods, establishes procedures, and organises advisory groups to manage the publication processes of scientific papers, conference papers, and public notes. All stages are managed through web systems, computing programs, and tools that are designed and developed by the collaboration. A framework called FENCE is integrated into the CERN GitLab software repository, to automatically configure workspaces where each analysis can be documented by the analysis team and managed by the relevant coordinators. Continuous integration is used to guide the writers in applying consistent and correct formatting when preparing papers to be submitted to scientific journals. Additional software assures the correctness of other aspects of each paper, such as the lists of collaboration authors, funding agencies, and foundations. The framework and the workflow therein provide automatic and easy support to the researchers and facilitates each phase of the publication process, allowing authors to focus on the article contents. The framework and its integration with the most up to date and efficient tools has consequently provided a more professional and efficient automatized work environment to the whole collaboration.

The ATLAS collaboration defines methods, establishes procedures, and organises advisory groups to manage the publication processes of scientific papers, conference papers, and public notes. All stages are managed through web systems, computing programs, and tools that are designed and developed by the collaboration. A framework called FENCE is integrated into the CERN GitLab software repository, to automatically configure workspaces where each analysis can be documented by the analysis team and managed by the relevant coordinators. Continuous integration is used to guide the writers in applying consistent and correct formatting when preparing papers to be submitted to scientific journals. Additional software assures the correctness of other aspects of each paper, such as the lists of collaboration authors, funding agencies, and foundations. The framework and the workflow therein provide automatic and easy support to the researchers and facilitates each phase of the publication process, allowing authors to focus on the article contents. The framework and its integration with the most up to date and efficient tools has consequently provided a more professional and efficient automatized work environment to the whole collaboration.

A single strain of yeast was isolated from industrial gluten bread (GB) purchased from a local supermarket. This strain is responsible for spoilage consisting of white powdery and filamentous colonies due to the fragmentation of hyphae into short lengths (dust-type spots), similar to the spoilage produced by chalk yeasts such as Hyphopichia burtonii, Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. The isolated strains were identified initially by traditional methods as Wickerhamomyces anomalus, but with genomic analysis, they were definitively identified as Cyberlindnera fabianii, a rare ascomycetous opportunistic yeast species with low virulence attributes, uncommonly implicated in bread spoilage. However, these results demonstrate that this strain is phenotypically similar to Wi. anomalus. Cy. fabianii grew in GB because of its physicochemical characteristics which included pH 5.34, Aw 0.97 and a moisture of about 50.36. This spoilage was also confirmed by the presence of various compounds typical of yeasts, derived from sugar fermentation and amino acid degradation. These compounds included alcohols (ethanol, 1-propanol, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol and n-amyl alcohol), organic acids (acetic and pentanoic acids) and esters (Ethylacetate, n-propil acetate, Ethylbutirrate, Isoamylacetate and Ethylpentanoate), identified in higher concentrations in the spoiled samples than in the unspoiled samples. The concentration of acetic acid was lower only in the spoiled samples, but this effect may be due to the consumption of this compound to produce acetate esters, which predominate in the spoiled samples.

This study examined the potential use of three bacterial strains—Paraburkholderia sp. strain CRV74, Pseudomonas sp. strain CRV21, and Acinetobacter sp. strain CRV19—as biocontrol agents of Botrytis cinerea in grapevine. These strains were selected for their ability to inhibit B. cinerea growth in vitro and used in field conditions for the control of grey mould symptoms in ‘Glera’ grapes. To this end, after inoculating these microorganisms onto plants sprayed with B. cinerea spores, the final yield, the physicochemical characteristics of the must, disease incidence, and the possible influence on the expression of plant-defence proteins were evaluated. Strain CRV21 resulted as being the most effective in combating grey mould (−20% of disease incidence). Although yield was not affected, significantly different values of total soluble solids content was observed. Additionally, a significant up-regulation of the genes PR-1, PR-5, β-1,3-glucanase, and class III chitinase was observed. These findings highlight the potential application of strains with anti-botrytis activity as sustainable alternatives to chemical defence for the control of this pathogen.

Cooked sausages packaged in a modified atmosphere (MAP: 20% CO2, 70% N2, 2) with evident yellow stains were analyzed. The aims of this work were to study the microbial cause of the spoilage and to evaluate different antimicrobial compounds to prevent it. Leuconostoc gelidum was identified as the primary cause of the yellow coating in spoiled cooked sausage, as confirmed by its intentional inoculation on slices of unspoiled sausage. Leuconostoc gelidum was the main bacteria responsible for the yellow coating in spoiled cooked sausage, as confirmed by its intentional inoculation on slices of unspoiled sausage. The yellow color was also evident during growth in the model system containing cooked sausage extract, but the colonies on MRS agar appeared white, demonstrating that the food substrate stimulated the production of the yellow pigment. The spoilage was also characterized by different volatile compounds, including ketones, ethanol, acetic acid, and ethyl acetate, found in the spoiled cooked sausage packages. These compounds explained the activity of Leuc. gelidum because they are typical of heterofermentative LAB, cultivated either on food substrates or in artificial broths. Leuc. gelidum also produced slight swelling in the spoiled packages. The efficacy of different antimicrobials was assessed in model systems composed of cooked sausage extract with the antimicrobials added at food product concentrations. The data showed that sodium lactate, sodium acetate, and a combination of sodium lactate and sodium diacetate could only slow the growth of the spoiler—they could not stop it from occurring. Conversely, hop extract inhibited Leuc. gelidum, showing a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of approximately 0.008 mg CAE/mL in synthetic broth and 4 mg CAE/kg in cooked sausage slices. Adding hop extract at the MIC did not allow Leuc. gelidum growth and did not change the sensorial characteristics of the cooked sausages. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the antimicrobial activities of hop extracts against Leuc. gelidum either in vitro or in vivo.

ABSTRACT Thanks to the development of whole-genome sequencing technologies, nowadays researchers have access to rapid, effective, and precise resources for the genetic analysis of prokaryotes. The use of metrics that consider the entire DNA sequence, such as average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization calculation, in fact, allows better results when compared to single-target gene analysis. However, it is increasingly important to employ reference databases containing correct information with high-quality sequences. The aim of this work is to taxonomically identify an unknown bacterial strain isolated from an ancient Roman amphora. However, it was necessary to resequence the genomes of the reference strains Paenisporosarcina quisquiliarum SK 55 and Psychrobacillus psychrodurans DSM 11713 to obtain correct and more reliable sequences than those available. It was, therefore, possible to uniquely identify the strain Aquil_B6 as Psy. psychrodurans. Also, to obtain further genetic information, given the low number of sequences available for this species, the genome of strain DSM 30747 was sequenced. Further characterization was made to identify the presence of possible genetic characteristic features such as CRISPR-Cas, prophages, resistance factors, and bacteriocins of this species, making a comparison between the available genomes of Paenisporosarcina quisquiliarum SK 55 and Psychrobacillus psychrodurans strains DSM 11713, DSM 30747, and Aquil_B6, to evaluate the impact of time on the evolution of the considered species. IMPORTANCE Since 1988, through the United States government’s founding, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) has provided an invaluable service to scientific advancement. The universality and total freedom of use if on the one hand allow the use of this database on a global level by all researchers for their valuable work, on the other hand, it has the disadvantage of making it difficult to check the correctness of all the materials present. It is, therefore, of fundamental importance for the correctness and ethics of research to improve the databases at our disposal, identifying and amending the critical issues. This work aims to provide the scientific community with a new sequence for the type strain Paenisporosarcina quisquiliarum SK 55 and broaden the knowledge of the Psychrobacillus psychrodurans species, in particular, considering the ancient strain Aquil_B6 found in an ancient Roman amphora.

Understanding predictors of parents' willingness to vaccinate their children appears fundamental to promote vaccine acceptability, especially in a pandemic scenario. The present study aimed to investigate the role of conspiracy beliefs and absolutist thinking in parental attitude toward COVID-19 vaccine, and the predictive role of parents' individual differences on decisions against children's vaccination. An online survey was administered to 415 parents of children aged 5-11, at the very beginning of the vaccination targeting this population in Italy. Results showed that absolutism predicted the tendency to believe in conspiracies, associated with a negative attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine administration to children. Moreover, mothers were less willing to vaccinate children and parents of children aged 5-7 were more hesitant, or even against vaccination, than parents of older children. Finally, the worry about consequences of COVID-19 infection on children's health facilitated vaccine adherence. These findings contribute to deepening mechanisms regarding the vaccine acceptability.

La experiencia a partir de la cual reflexionaremos está anclada en el Área Farmacia Asistencial de la Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario. En 2022 implementamos un proyecto de extensión que habilitó una asignatura electiva y tareas de investigación. El objetivo es promover la reflexión a partir de la experiencia de integración de funciones de enseñanza, extensión e investigación, en un territorio priorizado por la Universidad. Trabajamos en un barrio del distrito oeste de Rosario: en el Club Social y Deportivo 20 amigos, un Centro de Salud y una farmacia comunitaria. Promovimos el abordaje crítico de la utilización de medicamentos: realizamos entrevistas e intervenciones en el marco de Atención Farmacéutica y relevamos eventos adversos supuestamente atribuibles a la vacunación e inmunización. Nuestro horizonte es generar estrategias de integración del trabajo territorial y académico para estimular una perspectiva humanizadora y comprometida con la realidad social.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two vineyard management practices on the soil and its associated microbiota. The experiments were conducted in two adjacent plots, one completely organically managed and the other conventionally managed in terms of phytosanitary treatments but fertilized with organic amendments. The chemical soil analyses were correlated to the prokaryotic and fungal communities, which were studied using the metabarcoding technique. The main difference between the two treatments was a significantly higher amount of Cu in the organic managed vineyard soil, while conventional managed soil presented higher concentration of Na and Mg and was also associated with higher pH values. Despite these differences, no significant diversities were observed on soil biodiversity and microbial composition considering alpha and beta diversity metrics. However, the percentages of some phyla analyzed individually differed significantly between the two managements. Analyzing the metabolisms of these phyla, it was discovered an increment of species correlated to soils with higher organic matter content or land not used for agricultural purposes in the organic treated soil. The findings indicate that, despite the use of copper-based phytosanitary products, there was no degradation and loss of biodiversity in the organic soil microbial population compared to conventional management with the same type of fertilization, and the observed microbial population was more similar to that of natural soils.

In a world grappling with the severe effects induced by climate change, one of the most significant concerns affecting agriculture is the gradual decline in water quality for irrigation associated with reduced rainfalls and the consequent increase in soil salinity. This issue is particularly crucial for grapevine cultivation (Vitis vinifera L.) and the associated winemaking industry. The aroma of the resulting wines and the yield parameters can be influenced both directly by water quality and indirectly due to the effects exerted by salinity on the microbiota, which directly impacts plant health. To gain insights into this topic, our study aimed to analyse the changes induced in the microbiota of both the rhizosphere and the carposphere due to salt stress using a metabarcoding approach, focusing on Vitis vinifera cv. Glera. The control plants were irrigated with rainwater, while the treated plants were irrigated with water containing salt (NaCl). Our findings revealed significant differences in the microbiota (both fungi and bacteria) of the rhizosphere and carposphere between the two treatments. For instance, the Shannon diversity index (i.e., alpha diversity) was lower in the treated plants compared to the control not-treated ones, whilst the beta diversity did not show any differences. Several microbial phyla exhibited better resilience to this abiotic stress (e.g., Ascomycota, Saccharomycetes, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes), shedding light on their impact on crucial bacterial and fungal groups essential for the subsequent winemaking stages. Additionally, the salt stress negatively affected the yield parameters. This study contributes valuable insights to the viticultural community, providing a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between soil characteristics, microbial communities, and their influence on productivity.