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The current European Higher Education Area considers the development of communicative competence as a fundamental issue in the teacher training plans. Thus, it is appropriate to deepen the knowledge on the perceptions that future teachers have about their oral competence and about the training that they have received in this aspect throughout the teaching training degree. In this line, the design and validation of a questionnaire with 156 teachers of teaching training is presented. The results verify the solidity of the tool. In addition, the exploration of student evaluations shows the incidence of some variables such as sex or previous academic or professional experience. In addition, the negative correlation between the evaluation of the training that they have received, and the course stands out, with an insufficient evaluation among the students who are finishing the degree., O Espaço Europeu de Ensino Superior contempla o desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa como uma questão fundamental nos planos de formação de professores. Portanto, faz-se necessário aprofundar o conhecimento das percepções que futuros professores têm sobre sua competência oral e sobre a formação recebida nesse aspecto ao longo do curso. Neste sentido, é apresentado o modelo e a validação de um questionário com 156 professores em formação. Os resultados confirmam a solidez da ferramenta e a exploração das avaliações dos alunos mostra a incidência de algumas variáveis, como sexo, experiência acadêmica ou profissional. Além disso, destaca-se a correlação negativa entre a avaliação da formação recebida e o curso, com uma avaliação insuficiente entre os alunos que estão concluindo o curso., El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior contempla el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa como cuestión fundamental en los planes de formación en Magisterio, por lo que es oportuno profundizar en el conocimiento de las percepciones que las y los futuros maestros tienen sobre su competencia oral y sobre la formación recibida en este aspecto en la titulación. En esta línea, se presenta el diseño y validación de un cuestionario con 156 estudiantes de Magisterio. Los resultados avalan la solidez de la herramienta y la exploración de las valoraciones del alumnado muestra la incidencia de variables como el sexo y la experiencia académica o profesional previa. Además, destaca la correlación negativa entre la valoración de la formación recibida y el curso, con una valoración insuficiente entre el alumnado que se encuentra finalizando la titulación.

In the current Spanish publishing scene, the non-fiction book is one of the most vital sectors. In the framework of studies such as those of María Bonnafé (2008) and Graciela Montes (2017) and in order to identify some keys to the construction of the discourse, this article proposes the analysis of a selection of books for pre-readers that link art, knowledge and game. Thus, elements such as physicality, playful interactivity and ellipsis linked to the page turn are defined as characteristic features of the chosen works. This research is part of the R + D + i Project Training readers in the digital society from the non-fiction book (RTI2018-093825-B-I00)., Na atual cena editorial espanhola, o livro de não ficção é um dos setores mais vitais. No marco de estudos como os de María Bonnafé (2008) e Graciela Montes (2017) e com o objetivo de identificar algumas chaves para a construção do discurso, este artigo propõe a análise de uma seleção de livros para pré-leitores que vinculam arte, conhe-cimento e jogo. Assim, elementos como fisicalidade, interatividade lúdica e reticências vinculadas à virada da página são definidos como características das obras escolhidas. Esta pesquisa faz parte do Projeto P + D + i Treine leitores na sociedade digital a partir do livro de não ficção (RTI2018-093825-B-I00)., En el panorama editorial español actual, el libro de no ficción constituye uno de los sectores de mayor vitalidad. En el marco de estudios como los de María Bonnafé (2008) y Graciela Montes (2017) y con el fin de identificar algunas claves de construcción del discurso, este artículo propone el análisis de una selección de libros para prelectores que vinculan arte, conocimiento y juego. Así, elementos como la fisicidad, la interactividad lúdica y la elipsis vinculada al paso de página se definen como rasgos característicos de las obras elegidas. Esta investigación forma parte del Proyecto I+D+i Formar lectores en la sociedad digital desde el libro de no ficción (RTI2018-093825-B-I00).

Biotic indices are tools to assess the ecological status of marine systems, and can be based on different metrics (such as ecological groups, specific diversity). The present study applies five biotic indices based on living (stained) benthic foraminiferal assemblages to assess ecological conditions in a wide area of the Mediterranean Sea in the heavily polluted Gulf of Gabes and along the western and eastern coasts of the Djerba Island, with the eastern coast considered as “pristine”. The applied indices are based on epiphytic foraminifera e.g., the “long versus short life span” index (ILS) and the modified FoRAM-Index (FI’), benthic foraminiferal assemblage composition and diversity, e.g., the Tolerant Species index (TSstd), the Foram Stress Index (FSI), the diversity Index (exp(H’bc)) and the newly developed Foram-AZTI Marine Biotic Index (Foram-AMBI). This latter index was tested using species of benthic foraminifera presently assigned to ecological groups in the Mediterranean Sea. All indices confirm good ecological conditions eastern of Djerba. The FI’ and ILS, % TSstd, FSI, indicate a severe anthropogenic impact especially in the central part of the Gulf of Gabes, next to the phosphate industry of Skhira and along the western coast of Djerba Island and confirm direct observations and geochemical data. The indices based on epiphytic foraminifera seem to better reflect actual environmental conditions in the investigated region because of the extended Posidonia oceanica meadow in the area. The exp(H’bc) reflects lower degrees of pollution. The application of the Foram-AMBI index presents limitations that prevent its current use. It strongly underestimates the pollution impact along the Tunisian coast, and additional work is needed to increase the number of species attributed to ecological groups and to possibly modify the coefficients to be used in its equation.

© 2020 Eskisehir Osmangazi University. Mobile assisted language learning (MALL) has developed and gained importance over the years in foreign language learning settings. However, mobile phones are still perceived as distracting devices in most of the schools. Within the field of second and foreign language learning, one of the most difficult things for school teachers is to give feedback to students when using a mobile device. In the present paper we present a case study research, which will investigate the best form of giving feedback via WhatsApp to students in primary education. Mobile instant messaging (MIM) has been used to practice vocabulary as well as the speaking and listening skills, but the study focuses on the feedback that the students have received. 30 primary (volunteer) students were selected to participate in the 3-week study and were divided into 3 groups, according to their age (low, middle and upper primary). A mixed approach method was employed to analyze the data (quantitative and qualitative). Results indicated that the most popular form of feedback among young students were smileys and images and not written feedback, and the study reveals that a set of varied images, even to send corrective feedback was an engaging element for the young students. Upper-primary students considered the written feedback more interesting, since they received more language-related details with this type of feedback than with a simple image.

IODP Expedition 340 successfully drilled a series of sites offshore Montserrat, Martinique and Dominica in the Lesser Antilles from March to April 2012. These are among the few drill sites gathered around volcanic islands, and the first scientific drilling of large and likely tsunamigenic volcanic island-arc landslide deposits. These cores provide evidence and tests of previous hypotheses for the composition and origin of those deposits. Sites U1394, U1399, and U1400 that penetrated landslide deposits recovered exclusively seafloor sediment, comprising mainly turbidites and hemipelagic deposits, and lacked debris avalanche deposits. This supports the concepts that i/ volcanic debris avalanches tend to stop at the slope break, and ii/ widespread and voluminous failures of preexisting low-gradient seafloor sediment can be triggered by initial emplacement of material from the volcano. Offshore Martinique (U1399 and 1400), the landslide deposits comprised blocks of parallel strata that were tilted or microfaulted, sometimes separated by intervals of homogenized sediment (intense shearing), while Site U1394 offshore Montserrat penetrated a flat-lying block of intact strata. The most likely mechanism for generating these large-scale seafloor sediment failures appears to be propagation of a decollement from proximal areas loaded and incised by a volcanic debris avalanche. These results have implications for the magnitude of tsunami generation. Under some conditions, volcanic island landslide deposits composed of mainly seafloor sediment will tend to form smaller magnitude tsunamis than equivalent volumes of subaerial block-rich mass flows rapidly entering water. Expedition 340 also successfully drilled sites to access the undisturbed record of eruption fallout layers intercalated with marine sediment which provide an outstanding high-resolution data set to analyze eruption and landslides cycles, improve understanding of magmatic evolution as well as offshore sedimentation

Polymer nanocomposites filled with one-dimensional (1D) carbon based nanostructures are potential candidates for aerospace applications [1]. In particular, single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have advantages over conventional reinforcement materials, like carbon fiber, because of their unique properties [2]. There are several factors to take into consideration in order to optimize the nanocomposite electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. One is the ability to homogeneously disperse the nanotubes into the polymeric material. This has been proved to play an important role to improve each one of the previous mentioned nanocomposite properties [2]. For instance, the interface between the nanotubes and polymer matrix is optimized if the nanotubes are well dispersed, which improves the mechanical response of the nanocomposite. In contrast, nanotubes dispersed as aggregates in the polymer matrix will diminish the interaction at the interface [3]. In the case of electrical properties, although dispersion is important, the major control has to be focused on a reliable method to identify an abundance of metallic/ semiconducting type of nanotubes through chirality [4]. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a technique regularly used to characterize the dispersion of nanofillers in a polymeric matrix. However, imaging SWCNTs in a polymer matrix is challenging due to both its small size (typical diameter ~10 Å) and that its contrast is covered by scattering from the polymer matrix. In this work, we are using modeling results based on high resolution TEM (HRTEM) imaging and electron diffraction (ED) for a deeper analysis of polymer nanocomposites. The implications of our results on the dispersion of SWCNTS in a polymer matrix, as well as chirality determination will be discussed. Molecular dynamics (MD) was used to simulate SWCNTs and their corresponding interactions with a polyethylene (PE) matrix. The interactions between atoms were calculated using an adaptive int