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Se evaluaron los rasgos de calidad de la canal y los músculos Longissimus thoracis (LT) y semitendinoso (ST), madurados durante 2 o 14 días, de sesenta machos Brangus castrados (MC) y no castrados (MNC), sacrificados a los 16 (M16) o 20 (M20) meses de edad (391 y 434 kg de peso vivo; 3.81 y 4.25 mm de grosor de la grasa dorsal, respectivamente). Las canales de los animales castrados y más jóvenes pesaron menos que las de los no castrados y de mayor edad (P0.05), pero disminuyó con un período de maduración más largo (P

Copyright of Health Sciences Journal / Revista Ciências em Saúde is the property of Hospital de Clinicas de Itajuba - Associacao de Integracao Social de Itajuba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A intensa seleção genética devido à necessidade econômica de maior ganho de peso em menor tempo de abate tem alterado o comportamento fisiológico dos animais e ocasionando danos ao tecido muscular. O White Striping (WS) em frangos é caracterizado pelo aparecimento de estrias brancas na carne do peito e da coxa paralelas a direção das fibras musculares e pode ser categorizada como normal (NORM), moderada (MOD) ou severa (SEV). As estrias do WS são facilmente identificadas na superfície da carne de frango e podem afetar diretamente a aceitação e intenção de compra dos consumidores. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a incidência do WS e caracterizar a carne do peito de frango quanto ao pH, cor, tamanho, composição química, colágeno total (CT) e colágeno solúvel (CS), capacidade de retenção de água (CRA), perda por cocção (PC), força de cisalhamento (FC), capacidade emulsificante (CE) e perfil de ácidos graxos. A incidência do WS (n= 660) foi de 51.67% e 31.36% para MOD e SEV, respectivamente. Os maiores valores de L* foram observados nas carnes classificadas como MOD e SEV. Os valores de espessura cranial foram maiores nas carnes SEV, com 29% mais CT, 26% mais PC, 27% mais lipídeos e FC quando comparado ao grupo NORM. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para as demais determinações.

Tissue engineering strategies comprise designing and adapting biomaterials to the physiological requirements of the injured organ or tissue. In some scenarios, biodegradation of the material is necessary to avoid additional surgeries in order to remove remnants of the scaffold. With this objective, we fabricated porous films made with different proportions of polycaprolactone (PCL) blended with polybutylene succinate (PBSucc) and ultra-thin collagen membranes crosslinked with genipin. Fabrication parameters were varied in order to study and propose the best material combinations that will improve the regenerative performance of the films and membranes. In such samples, degradability in physiological conditions was studied and characterized. Spectroscopic, thermal, atomic force (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were additionally carried out. In conclusion, it was proved that both biomaterials analyzed in this investigation were biodegradable, maintaining stability over 40 days in natural ultra-thin membranes and 23 weeks in the synthetic films. These biomimetic matrices offer the possibility of a personalized strategy, appropriate for the regeneration of various types of injured tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to show the effectiveness of bidirectional COG polydioxanone (PDO) threads in facial tissue suspension. Patients have come to us with the intention of performing minimally invasive and preventive aesthetic procedures, without incisions, with fast recovery and promising results. The threads showed resistance to traction, competence in keeping the tissues tractioned without breaking through the action of uniaxial tensional force, forming scar tissue and neocollagenesis around them. They act on the principle of neovascularization, in the regeneration of type 1 and 3 collagen and as a lipolysis factor. The best technique to be used is chosen according to the patient's needs, that is, the treatment is individualized. The two participants in the clinical cases described were aged over 50 years and reported having already undergone other noninvasive rejuvenation treatments such as: botulinum toxin, resorbable fillers and biostimulators. The number of threads inserted is proportional to the effect of suspension and neocollagenesis. There were no adverse effects reported by the patients. The improvement was clear in the dermal quality of all of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Medicina y Cine / Journal of Medicine & Movies is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Health & Society is the property of Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Periodicojs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: El colágeno se ha obtenido fundamentalmente de las especies de bovinos y porcinos para ser utilizado en las industrias alimentaria, cosmética, biomédica y farmacéutica. Sin embargo, varias condiciones han influido en que, en los últimos años, estas producciones han comenzado a desarrollarse a partir de especies marinas. Objetivo: Presentar una descripción general actualizada del estado del aislamiento de colágeno de subproductos de pescado. Materiales y Métodos: Se realiza una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica basada en investigaciones publicadas hasta el año 2020. Resultados y Discusión: Dada la alta demanda de colágeno, existe una necesidad urgente de encontrar fuentes sostenibles y más baratas para su producción. La biomasa marina se está convirtiendo en una fuente más atractiva de colágeno. Existen diferentes métodos de aislamiento de este producto de los cuales la hidrólisis enzimática es el más promisorio. Sus aplicaciones son variadas y cada vez se conocen nuevos campos de uso en diversas industrias, así como en la medicina y biotecnología. Conclusiones: La gran variedad de aplicaciones del colágeno y sus importantes funciones en el futuro de la ingeniería de tejidos lo convierten en un biopolímero clave para la salud y el bienestar de los seres humanos.

The main objective of this research study is to obtain and characterize collagen from different residual parts of the freshwater fish Prochilodus magdalenae (Pm) to explore its application in biodegradable films. Pm skin, scales, fins, and heads are used to obtain collagen. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is applied to make biodegradable films. The results show that Pm skin produces the highest yield of collagen. The best thermal properties are observed from skin and scales. Biodegradable films become stronger, less rigid, and deformable with the addition of collagen. In addition, two typical thermal degradation stages of HPMC are observed. The micrographs reveal that films gained surface smoothness in the presence of collagen, but with a slight reduction of the water vapor barrier. It is concluded that collagen obtained from Pm residues has promising applications for the development of biodegradable films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to show the effectiveness of bidirectional polydioxanone (PDO) threads in cases of facial restructuring in patients with mild to moderate skin ptosis. Several insertion techniques for PDO threads have been described with the purpose of suspending soft tissue, improving the contour of the mandibular line, reducing the nasolabial fold and correcting facial asymmetries. The amount of scientific evidence suggests that PDO threads are an advantageous implement for speciality of Orofacial Harmonization (HOF), as it is minimally invasive, performed in an outpatient setting and with a quick return to activities. Pre-treatment oral rehabilitation is essential to correct functions and loss of vertical dimension of occlusion. As it is a resorbable material and with 70% of its resistance to tension maintained after 2 weeks, 50% in 4 weeks and 25% in 6 weeks, it causes tissue repositioning to return to its previous position, requiring periodic maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O retalho de padrão axial representa uma importante opção na cirurgia reconstrutiva, sendo composto por uma artéria e uma veia cutânea direta em sua base, permitindo que uma grande área de pele possa constituir o retalho para recobrir a ferida. Entretanto, a técnica pode apresentar complicações, principalmente com a necrose devido ao comprometimento vascular. Nesse contexto, a ozonioterapia pode ser utilizada para acelerar o processo de cicatrização de feridas pouco vascularizadas e contaminadas. Com o presente estudo, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos e o reparo do retalho axial dorsal em ratos Wistar, empregando tratamento com óleo ozonizado de alta peroxidação. Utilizaram-se 18 ratos, distribuídos em dois grupos com 9 animais, grupo GG (óleo de girassol comum) e grupo GO (óleo de girassol ozonizado). Durante o período experimental foram realizadas avaliações macroscópicas e microscópicas a fim de observar a cicatrização e a reparação da ferida cirúrgica. Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística. O aspecto cosmético em GO foi significativamente melhor que GG, e a contagem de vasos sanguíneos, hemorragia e reepitelização foram significativamente maiores em GO quando comparado ao GG. A presença de necrose não diferiu entre os grupos. A média da área total dos retalhos entre os grupos diferiu estatisticamente, sendo maior nos retalhos em GO. Os resultados evidenciaram que a utilização do óleo ozonizado em retalhos de padrão axial resulta em aspecto favorável e melhor reepitelização.

The aim of the present in vitro study is to visualize dentin to get an in-depth knowledge of the nature of dentin that could provide useful information regarding conditioning dentinal substrate when treating dentinal lesions. Forty-nine extracted human third molars were obtained and prepared to produce artificial dentinal lesions through demineralizing with acetic acid for 7 and 14 days, or lactic acid for 7 days. The teeth were divided into groups and treated with either NaOCl, pepsin, trypsin, or phosphoric acid. To obtain information on the morphology of the treated dentinal surfaces, all samples were visualized under high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope. With high magnification reaching x50000 dentin was clearly visualized together with its constitutes. The effect of various demineralization approaches and various treatment protocols were demonstrated clearly. The relationship between the conditioning procedure steps and the subsequent bond strength was discussed. To our best knowledge, there is no previous clear highly magnified scanning electron microscope images for dentin, and dentinal components and constitutes with and without various treatments. The current in vitro study suggests the complexity nature of dentin as a substrate that should be treated carefully especially with technique sensitive procedures such as adhesive restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, three types of tubular scaffolds were obtained from pig skin collagen and chicken feet, which was isolated using a 0,5 molar acetic acid solution. The procedure used for the formation of the pores was lyophilization, which was carried out at a freezing temperature of -40 °C. Tubular structure was achieved with steel molds, by modifying the mold dimensions to achieve wall thicknesses of 0,1; 0,5 and 1mm. Collagen was characterized by acrylamide gel electrophoresis tests and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). It was confirmed the presence of type I collagen in all cases. The collagen production process yielded 4,35 % starting with pig skin and 4.5% from chicken feet. The characterization of the scaffolds was carried out by determining the parameters of swelling, water absorption, biodegradability, as well as a morphological analysis by optical microscopy and finally the determination of the maximum resistance using a tensile test. As a result, chicken feet scaffolds had higher water absorption, lower biodegradability, lower swelling rate and lower strength than pig skin scaffold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study assessed whether the meat tenderness of broilers raised in a free-range system varies by sex, lineage, and age at the time of slaughter. Physicochemical parameters were measured to adequately assess breast and thigh muscle morphometry, including shear force (SF), muscle fibre diameter (MD), histological connective tissue (HCT) content, and total and soluble collagen contents (TCC and SCC, respectively). The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design using two lineages (Pescoço Pelado and Paraíso Pedrês), with specimens of both sexes raised in a free-range system. Randomly selected broilers were slaughtered at 65, 75, 85, and 95 days old. A total of 192 birds were analysed. SF values correlated positively with age. The highest SF values were measured in thighs of the Pescoço Pelado lineage. Age also showed a positive correlation with MD and HCT content of the breast regardless of lineage. Gender did not have any significant correlation with physical parameters; although, higher values were measured in thighs of the Paraíso Pedrês than in those of the Pescoço Pelado lineage. There were no significant differences among treatments regarding the SCC and TCC of thighs and breasts. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed relationships between SF and the rest of the measured attributes. PCA showed that age was positively correlated with the SF, MD, and HCT content of thighs and breasts. In contrast, SCC and TCC had negative correlations. The greatest breast and thigh MD values were associated with the least tender meat. Thus, age at the time of slaughter proved to be the most significant parameter impacting the physical characteristics of muscle morphometry and meat tenderness of breasts and thighs of broilers raised in a free-range system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) consists of a group of diseases characterized by defective collagen production or failure in its organization, resulting in changes in the strength and extensibility of connective tissue. This report describes the dermatological and histological findings observed in a 3-month-old crossbreed cat with rupture and detachment of skin in the thoracic limb and rupture of the skin in the cervical region. Upon dermatological examination, the cat presented fragile and hyperextensible skin in the cervical region and a skin extensibility index of 21%. Histopathological evaluation of the skin specimens revealed evident disorganization of collagen bundles in dermis and in the Masson's trichrome staining, follicular dysplasia was found. The presumptive diagnosis of EDS was made based on the clinical and histopathological findings. Sanger sequencing did not detect any mutated alleles for the c.3420delG mutation in COL5A1 gene, which was an autosomal dominant mutation previously been associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in cats. The absence of this mutation in the reported cat suggests that other mutation may also be responsible for the development of cutaneous asthenia in this or maybe other genes related to collagen metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tendinite é uma doença comum de equinos atletas que possui altas taxas de insucesso no tratamento, levando a recidivas e interrupção precoce das atividades atléticas do animal. Assim, em busca de melhores opções para o tratamento destas lesões, o plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) vem sendo utilizado. O PRP é um hemoderivado que contém diversos fatores terapêuticos, que aumentam a vascularização, modificam a resposta inflamatória, aumentam a deposição de colágeno e a organização das fibras, resultando em um melhor processo cicatricial do tendão. Os métodos de obtenção têm sido estudados, porém ainda não existe um consenso sobre o mais adequado, existindo variação principalmente quanto a velocidade e força de centrifugação e os constituintes presentes no PRP. A aplicação do PRP é realizada intra ou perilesional, podendo ser associada a ultrassonografia para facilitar a aplicação no local correto. O melhor momento e a frequência ideal de administração ainda não estão bem definidos, todavia melhores resultados têm sido obtidos na fase aguda da lesão tendínea, e a administração única é a mais prática mais comum. Diante disso, o PRP mostra-se como boa alternativa para o tratamento de tendinite em equinos, sendo barato, seguro e capaz de reduzir recidivas e acelerar o retorno as atividades atléticas do animal.

La elaboración de materiales biodegradables surge como alternativa para disminuir la contaminación causada por los desechos plásticos al medio ambiente, con esta premisa, se propuso este estudio comprendido en el desarrollo de biopolímeros plásticos, a partir de compuestos bioactivos con diferentes matrices de almidón modificado de yuca (5 – 12 %), colágeno de escamas de pescado (10 – 40 %), aceite esencial de limón (0,5 - 1,5 %) y temperatura de gelatinización (70 – 80 °C). Se utilizó un diseño experimental de superficie de respuesta Box Behnken; con la determinación de sus propiedades mecánicas (esfuerzo máximo, módulo de Young, fuerza de corte, esfuerzo a la ruptura y porcentaje de elongación de ruptura). Según los resultados encontrados, se determinó que el almidón modificado de yuca fue el de mayor influencia en las propiedades mecánicas, teniendo en cuenta su importancia para crear materiales más resistentes, pero evidencia dificultades plastificantes, donde el colágeno de escamas de pescado incide significativamente. Además, se evidencia que el aceite esencial de limón presentó gran influencia en el módulo de Young (46,28 ± 2,31 MPa), y en el porcentaje de elongación (69,69 ± 2,16 %); mientras que la temperatura de gelatinización de 80 °C no es recomendada para este tipo de matrices almidón - proteína por daños de la estructura; determinando una mejor resistencia mecánica y un gran aumento del módulo de Young. En conclusión, las características y el rendimiento de la película a base de almidón de yuca, colágeno de escamas, y aceite esencial de limón; tienen un impacto al considerar el nivel máximo de eficacia mecánica de películas biodegradables y alcanzar un mejor comportamiento en sus propiedades mecánicas.

La elaboración de materiales biodegradables surge como alternativa para disminuir la contaminación causada por los desechos plásticos al medio ambiente, con esta premisa, se propuso este estudio comprendido en el desarrollo de biopolímeros plásticos, a partir de compuestos bioactivos con diferentes matrices de almidón modificado de yuca (5 – 12 %), colágeno de escamas de pescado (10 – 40 %), aceite esencial de limón (0,5 - 1,5 %) y temperatura de gelatinización (70 – 80 °C). Se utilizó un diseño experimental de superficie de respuesta Box Behnken; con la determinación de sus propiedades mecánicas (esfuerzo máximo, módulo de Young, fuerza de corte, esfuerzo a la ruptura y porcentaje de elongación de ruptura). Según los resultados encontrados, se determinó que el almidón modificado de yuca fue el de mayor influencia en las propiedades mecánicas, teniendo en cuenta su importancia para crear materiales más resistentes, pero evidencia dificultades plastificantes, donde el colágeno de escamas de pescado incide significativamente. Además, se evidencia que el aceite esencial de limón presentó gran influencia en el módulo de Young (46,28 ± 2,31 MPa), y en el porcentaje de elongación (69,69 ± 2,16 %); mientras que la temperatura de gelatinización de 80 °C no es recomendada para este tipo de matrices almidón - proteína por daños de la estructura; determinando una mejor resistencia mecánica y un gran aumento del módulo de Young. En conclusión, las características y el rendimiento de la película a base de almidón de yuca, colágeno de escamas, y aceite esencial de limón; tienen un impacto al considerar el nivel máximo de eficacia mecánica de películas biodegradables y alcanzar un mejor comportamiento en sus propiedades mecánicas.

Introduction: Collagen has been obtained mainly from bovine and porcine species for use in the food, cosmetic, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries. However, several conditions have caused that, in recent years, these productions have started to be developed from marine species. Objective: To present an updated overview of the status of collagen isolation from fish byproducts. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic search was done based on results published up to the year 2020. Results and Discussion: Due to the high demand for collagen, there is an urgent need to find sustainable and cheaper sources for its production. Marine biomass is becoming a more attractive source of collagen. There are different methods of isolation of this product of which enzymatic hydrolysis is the most promising. Its applications are varied and new fields of use in various industries, as well as in medicine and biotechnology, are becoming known. Conclusions: The wide variety of applications of collagen and its important roles in the future of tissue engineering make it a key biopolymer for human health and wellness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En los últimos años, el colágeno ha tomado importancia en nuestra dieta alimenticia por mantener firmeza y flexibilidad en nuestra piel, uñas y cabello. En el presente trabajo, se obtuvo colágeno natural a partir de escamas de pescado de “cachema” (Cynoscion analis), “bonito” (Sarda chiliensis) y “corvina” (Cilus gilberti). Las especies fueron seleccionadas por ser las más vendidas en los mercados populares de la ciudad, se compraron y se lavaron para luego extraer las escamas con ayuda de un cuchillo dentado, las escamas se secaron a temperatura ambiente y se esterilizaron a 80°C por 30 minutos en vapor seco. Para la obtención del colágeno se hidrataron las escamas y luego se pulverizó por método mecánico, que consistió en colocar las escamas en una olla adicionando 1 litro de agua, luego se hirvieron por espacio de media hora, finalmente se licuó y tamizó. El producto obtenido se conservó a 4°C, y fue sometido a análisis de caracteres sensoriales y contenido de proteína total por método de Kjeldahl. Se concluye que no hay diferencia de sabor, textura y aroma, entre el colágeno obtenido en los tres tratamientos, siendo el contenido de proteínas mayor en corvina (67%).

Introducción: el tratamiento ortodóntico es responsable del agrandamiento gingival (AG), una condición clínica caracterizada por el crecimiento patológico, difuso o localizado del tejido gingival. La acumulación excesiva de la matriz extracelular (MEC), incluyendo el colágeno tipo I, parece contribuir a las manifestaciones patológicas del AG. El objetivo del artículo es identificar y describir la distribución del colágeno tipo I en el tejido gingival de pacientes con AG por ortodoncia fija. Materiales y métodos: estudio de tipo descriptivo que analizó los tejidos gingivales de sujetos diagnosticados con AG portadores de ortodoncia (test, n = 5) e individuos periodontalmente sanos (control, n = 5). Las muestras se obtuvieron mediante gingivectomía. Todas las biopsias fueron fijadas, incluidas en parafina, cortadas y analizadas por medio de la coloración rojo picrosirius/verde rápido, para distinguir las fibras de colágeno. Mediante una reacción inmunohistoquímica, el colágeno tipo I fue identificado con anticuerpo monoclonal. Resultados: en los pacientes con AG por tratamiento ortodóntico, se identificó un tejido epitelial hiperplásico con aumento evidente de las prolongaciones epiteliales y un tejido conectivo con abundantes haces de fibras de colágenos, principalmente en la lámina basal y la zona subyacente. Las fibras de colágeno tipo I en los tejidos de pacientes con AG por ortodoncia fueron gruesas de aspecto desorganizado, con una tinción inmunohistoquímica intensa, en comparación con las fibras del grupo control. Conclusiones: el aumento de fibras de colágenos, en especial de colágeno de tipo I, es un hallazgo histológico que caracteriza a los pacientes con AG por ortodoncia fija.

Copyright of Compendium of Veterinary Sciences / Compendio de Ciencias Veterinarias is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asuncion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista ION is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: breast cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer and the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Approximately 1.67 million new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in 2012, leading to more than half a million deaths. Breast cancer accounted for 11.6% of newly diagnosed cancers (2,089 million) and 9.2% (787,000) of cancer-related deaths for both sexes and at all ages worldwide in 2018. Objective: breast cancer, as the most diagnosed carcinoma in the world and the leading cause of death among women, is a morbidity of outstanding importance, and the object of this study is to evaluate the association between the LOX gene G473A (rs1800449) polymorphism and breast cancer occurrence, potentially establishing a new finding in the identification of risks, prevention, and care for a specific group of women. Methods:in this retrospective cohort study, LOX G473A polymorphism frequency was assessed in 148 women with breast cancer and 245 women without breast cancer. All patients completed a questionnaire to identify possible risk factors and subsequently underwent peripheral blood collection to study the LOX gene. DNA was extracted followed by gene amplification via PCR, and the polymorphism was studied by specific fragment electrophoresis after digestion of the samples with the restriction endonuclease Pstl. Results: this study identified the use of oral contraceptives and family history of breast cancer as risk factors for breast cancer; the G473A polymorphism in LOX was not identified as a risk factor. Conclusion: a relationship was not observed between the LOX G473A polymorphism and the occurrence of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to carry out a systematic review of the literature on the interrelation between the production of endogenous collagen and the mechanisms of human aging. The methods involved Systematic search on the electronic database PubMed and Scopus in order to select published articles on the endogenous synthesis of collagen and the molecular cascades responsible for aging, following the items of the Guidelines for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). As for the results, 885 articles were identified in the searched databases (858 in PUBMED and 27 in SCOPUS). After exclusion by abstract and title, 62 articles were selected for analysis of the full text. At the end, 13 articles were chosen as relevant to compose the qualitative synthesis. The articles pointed out that collagen synthesis occurs in processes of regeneration and formation of embryonic tissue. Regarding the relationship between such production and aging, advancing age reduces the mechanical strength of fibroblasts due to the accumulation of fragments of collagen fibers in the intercellular spaces, as well as being associated with alterations in the proportions of type 1 and type 3 collagen levels. Collagen synthesis may still be susceptible to interference of environmental and genetic factors, such as nutrition, hormone levels, UV radiation and mutations. Finally, hydrolyzed collagen (HC) supplementation was associated mainly with maintaining skin health. Conclusions are that the synthesis and molecular levels of collagen are modified due to aging. In this context, environmental and genetic factors are also active in modifying these levels and production. To mitigate some effects of the skin aging process, hydrolyzed collagen supplementation is being indicated as effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo é o de identificar os elementos histológicos constituintes da fáscia transversal em 23 pacientes com hérnia inguinal direta, comparando-os com a fáscia de 22 cadáveres sem esta doença. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: As biópsias dos pacientes foram obtidas no momento da correção videolaparoscópica. As fáscias foram estudadas histologicamente, sendo empregadas as técnicas de coloração de hematoxilina-eosina e anticorpo monoclonal para colágeno tipo I. RESULTADOS: O tecido conjuntivo denso foi o principal elemento constitutivo das fáscias de pacientes e controles, embora em menor presença nos primeiros, seguido do tecido adiposo. Identificamos, através da técnica de imuno-histoquímica, o colágeno tipo I como sendo a principal proteína das fáscias. CONCLUSÃO: Os autores concluem que a fáscia transversal é constituída principalmente por colágeno tipo I e sugerem o uso de técnicas de correção de hérnia inguinal que aumentem a deposição de colágeno na fáscia, como quando do uso de próteses.

Introducción: la colitis microscópica es una enfermedad benigna y multifactorial caracterizada por la presencia de diarrea acuosa y alteraciones histológicas en la mucosa colónica. La incidencia de esta enfermedad viene en aumento y su diagnóstico se realiza cada vez con mayor frecuencia. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo en el que se revisaron los pacientes por medio de colonoscopia y biopsias por diagnóstico de diarrea crónica en un período de 22 meses en una unidad de gastroenterología, y en quienes mediante la clínica y el análisis histológico se confirmó el diagnóstico de colitis microscópica. Resultados: en el período de estudio se realizó un total de 2849 colonoscopias, 116 en pacientes con diarrea crónica. Se identificaron 15 pacientes con colitis microscópica, 12 fueron hombres (80 %) y solo hubo 3 mayores de 60 años (20 %). Conclusión: a diferencia de lo informado en la literatura mundial, en este estudio se encontró que la colitis microscópica en nuestros pacientes compromete especialmente al sexo masculino (relación hombre/mujer: 4/1) y se presenta en personas jóvenes, con un promedio de edad de 47,5 años (rango de 21 a 82 años).

Introduction: Microscopic colitis is a benign and multifactorial disease characterized by watery diarrhea and histological alterations in the colonic mucosa. The incidence of this disease is increasing, being diagnosed more frequently. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, patients were examined employing co- lonoscopy and biopsy due to a diagnosis of chronic diarrhea in a gastroenterology unit throughout 22 months. Their diagnosis of colitis was confirmed by clinical picture and microscopic analysis. Results: In the study period, a total of 2849 colonoscopies were performed, 116 in patients with chronic diarrhea. We identified 15 patients with microscopic colitis, 12 were men (80 %), and only three were older than 60 (20 %). Conclusion: Unlike the world literature, this study found that microscopic colitis in our patients affects the male sex primarily (male/female ratio: 4/1) and occurs in young people, with an average age of 47.5 years (range: 21–82 years). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A necrobiose lipoídica (NL) é uma dermatose granulomatosa, que acomete principalmente diabéticos devido à degeneração do colágeno. Embora existam diferentes tratamentos, todos apresentam pouca resposta. Dentre as opções, a luz intensa pulsada (LIP) e o laser Erbium-YAG permitem aumentar a produção e remodelamento do colágeno tratando a atrofia, além de diminuir o eritema pela coagulação de vasos sanguíneos. Relata-se caso de mulher, 24 anos, com diabetes mellitus tipo I, submetida a tratamento de NL no antebraço esquerdo em sete sessões com a associação entre LIP e laser Erbium-YAG 2940nm. Observou-se melhora da atrofia central e do eritema.

Introducción: La hiperlaxitud ligamentaria (HL) es la principal causa de hipermovilidad articular. Puede asociarse a sintomatología tanto musculoesquelética como extramusculoesquelética (Síndrome de hiperlaxitud ligamentaria SHL). En la danza uno de los principales objetivos del entrenamiento es lograr una mayor amplitud ligamentaria, sin embargo en muchos bailarines existen dolor y lesiones que pueden estar asociados a HL. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de HL en los bailarines profesionales de ballet y danza contemporánea y su asociación con alteraciones musculoesqueléticas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal, realizado en 140 bailarines profesionales de la ciudad de Quito. Se aplicaron los criterios de Brighton y Beinghton y el cuestionario de Grahame y Hakim. Resultados: Fueron evaluados 140 bailarines (71 mujeres, 69 hombres). Se obtuvo una prevalencia de 46% de HL (Escala de Beighton), 48% mujeres y 45% hombres, y con el cuestionario de Grahame y Hakim la prevalencia fue de 80% con proporciones similares entre hombres y mujeres. La alteración musculoesquelética más común fue el dolor articular (61%), en el 16% de ellos en más de 4 articulaciones; hábito marfanoide 55% y lesiones de tejidos blandos 44%. Las alteraciones extra musculoesqueléticas no tuvieron una frecuencia mayor que en la población general. El SHL se presentó en 71,4% de los bailarines. Al evaluar la relación entre HL y las alteraciones musculoesqueléticas se observó que existe una asociación muy fuerte (OR 6,42; IC 95% 2,6-17) con el síndrome de hiperlaxitud, artralgias (OR 4,76; IC 95% 2,2-10,3) y subluxaciones (OR 4,90 IC 95% 1,7-14,3). Conclusiones: La HL en los bailarines profesionales tiene una prevalencia alta en Quito. Es más frecuente en mujeres que en hombres. Se demostró su asociación con alteraciones musculoesqueléticas como artralgias y lesiones de tejidos blandos.

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RESUMO Cicatrização de ferida é um processo dinâmico, que tem por objetivo restaurar a continuidade do tecido lesionado. No entanto, em alguns casos, é necessário favorecer condições adequadas para viabilizar o processo fisiológico. Neste estudo foram utilizados ratos Wistar, divididos aleatoriamente entre cinco grupos, com 12 animais cada, sendo eles: grupo P (Bidens pilosa L.), grupo mel, grupo Co1 (pomada comercial alopática), grupo Co2 (pomada comercial homeopática) e grupo CT (controle). As lesões foram geradas por incisão com punch de 8mm, sendo tratadas diariamente de forma tópica. Foram eutanasiados quatro animais por grupo, no terceiro, sétimo e 14º dias do experimento, e o material coletado foi armazenado em formalina 10% e encaminhado para processamento histológico. Posteriormente, realizou-se a contagem de leucócitos mononucleares, fibroblastos e neovasos e avaliou-se a arquitetura de fibras colágenas. Os resultados da contagem foram analisados pela ANOVA, seguida pelo teste de Tukey (P

RESUMO O colágeno é sintetizado e segregado no espaço extracelular e organizados em fibrilas estriadas de acordo com o tipo de tecido. Utilizaram-se 24 coelhos brancos da raça Nova Zelândia, com idade de 12 meses e com 3,0kg de peso corporal, para avaliar a porcentagem de colágeno das feridas cutâneas tratadas com plasma rico em plaquetas de equino e pomada contendo gentamicina, sulfanilamida, sulfadiazina, ureia e vitamina A. Os animais foram separados em quatro grupos de igual número e submetidos à remoção de pele na região das linhas médias dorsal torácica (feridas tratadas) e lombar (feridas controle). As feridas torácicas foram tratadas com plasma rico em plaqueta de equino e pomada contendo gentamicina, sulfanilamida, sulfadiazina, ureia e vitamina A, e as do grupo controle somente com a pomada. Dos animais do grupo I, foi coletado tecido cutâneo, para a avaliação histológica e a ultraestrutural, com três dias de pós-operatório; dos animais do grupo II, com sete dias; do grupo III, com 14 dias; e do grupo IV, com 21 dias. Decorrido o período de avaliação de cada grupo, foi coletado fragmento de pele para avaliação da porcentagem de colágeno, bem como do diâmetro e da densidade da fibrila de colágeno por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. O tratamento com PRP de equino associado à aplicação tópica da pomada mostrou-se eficaz na maturação das fibrilas colágenas e na antecipação do processo cicatricial.

Los hidrogeles basados en colágeno son redes tridimensionales (3D) con la capacidad de absorber agua y una alta biocompatibilidad para utilizarlos en la reparación de tejidos dañados. Estos materiales presentan pobres propiedades mecánicas y velocidades de degradación rápidas, limitando su aplicación a estrategias de ingeniería tisular y biomedicina; por ésto, la incorporación de fases inorgánicas en la matriz 3D del colágeno como la hidroxiapatita ha contribuido en la mejora de sus propiedades, incrementado la eficiencia de los hidrogeles híbridos obtenidos. Este trabajo, presenta las contribuciones más relevantes relacionadas con los sistemas de hidrogeles basados en colágeno y partículas de hidroxiapatita dispersas dentro de la matriz colagénica, lo que evidencia que la combinación de los materiales no altera la biocompatibilidad y biodegradabilidad típicas del colágeno, permitiendo la adhesión, proliferación, crecimiento celular y control del metabolismo de las células implicadas en los procesos de una reparación ósea, presentando a los hidrogeles como una estrategia para su uso potencial en la ingeniería tisular.

No envelhecimento da pele, as alterações intrínsecas, secundárias à perda da regeneração celular, e extrínsecas, causadas pela exposição à radiação ultravioleta, podem ser observadas e alteram a arquitetura tecidual e as propriedades fisiológicas da pele. Tratamentos que restauram a produção de colágeno e estimulam os fibroblastos a sintetizar e organizar a matriz extracelular são críticos para a morfogênese, angiogênese e cicatrização. Potencial utilização de produtos que estimulam a produção de colágeno, que desempenha papel fundamental na matriz extracelular, representa perspectiva promissora para a melhoria da qualidade da pele e das propriedades mecânicas, introduzindo um novo conceito de abordagem terapêutica no tratamento de alterações causadas pelo envelhecimento da pele.

A qualidade e a função da pele reduzem-se drasticamente com a idade devido ao envelhecimento cronológico, ao fotoenvelhecimento, aos fatores ambientais e às deficiências hormonais. O declínio dos níveis de estrógeno na menopausa tem papel importante na atrofia cutânea, redução do colágeno, perda de elasticidade e deficiência da cicatrização de feridas. Pesquisas têm demonstrado os efeitos benéficos do estrogênio tópico, que teria ação mais localizada na pele sem efeitos colaterais sistêmicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura pertinente ao assunto, demonstrando que o uso do estrogênio tópico pode ser uma alternativa segura e eficaz para o tratamento da pele de mulheres na perimenopausa.

Introduction: Histological staining techniques are useful in the ultrastructural analysis of tissue samples, including gingival tissue. Objective: Compare the usefulness of three histochemical methods (hematoxylin-eosin, Masson-Goldner and sirius red) for identification of cellular elements and other constituents of gingival tissue. Methods: An in vitro experimental study was conducted which included the analysis of gingival tissue from healthy donors without gingival inflammation signs and indication of periodontal surgery. The gum samples were obtained by gingivectomy, processed with paraffin, cut with a microtome and placed on Polysine adhesion slides. The samples were grouped, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson Goldner and sirius red, and visualized under a Leica DM 750® microscope. Reading of the findings was performed by oral pathologists. Results: Hematoxylin-eosin staining found cellular and extracellular elements of the epithelial and connective tissue: violet-blue nuclei, pink cytoplasms, light rose collagen fibers, and arterioles and venules with differentiated tunica adventitia, media and intima. Masson-Goldner staining differentiated purple nuclei and fuchsia cytoplasm. It displayed specificity identifying green collagen fibers with dense, homogeneous and parallel distribution in the gingival connective tissue. Sirius red staining allowed identification of bright rose collagen fibers, whereas epithelial tissue and blood vessels were yellow. Conclusion: Each of the histological staining methods evaluated in the study shows a certain affinity with and sensitivity to cellular structures and components of the specific extracellular matrix. All three are useful for the study of gingival tissue and could contribute to the analysis of gingival biopsies.

El hueso es un material que aparece frecuentemente en las colecciones de patrimonio cultural y especialmente en las colecciones arqueológicas y paleontológicas. Una correcta diagnosis de su estado de conservación es esencial, sin embargo, la información sobre su naturaleza y las transformaciones que se producen en ellos durante el enterramiento no es muy conocida en los trabajos de conservación. Esto hace que en muchas ocasiones el hueso sea un material desconocido en cuanto a su naturaleza. La Tafonomía se encarga de describir los agentes, procesos y efectos que afectan al hueso en los yacimientos arqueológicos o paleontológicos hasta el momento de su descubrimiento. Ello hace que las propiedades fisicoquímicas del material óseo se modifiquen, aspecto que se debe tener en cuenta en los estudios de conservación y restauración. En este trabajo se describirán distintas características del hueso, agentes que lo modifican y procesos de degradación con el objetivo de exponer un apropiado planteamiento de la naturaleza inicial, estado de conservación y adecuación de tratamientos para este material.

En este artículo sobre cicatrices hipertróficas y queloides se revisan las teorías y conceptos de muchos autores sobre el tema. Estudios recientes en relación con la cicatrización de heridas, plantean nuevos métodos de tratamiento de las mismas.

La cicatrización de heridas traumáticas o iatrogénicas es un proceso biológico complejo. El cirujano, más que cualquier otro especialista médico, debe poseer un conocimiento profundo de este fenómeno, si quiere tratar adecuadamente a sus pacientes. El propósito de este artículo es actualizar los conceptos que hasta el momento se tienen respecto a: la inflamación, la epitelización, la contracción y la producción y destruccrón de colágeno.

Osteoarthritis is a complex degenerative disease with several factors contributing to joint damage. Objective: To compare the potential effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA), alone or combined, on the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation process of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods: MSCs were divided into four groups: Control, HA, TA, and HA/TA combined. Each treatment group was cultured for 14 days in chondrogenic differentiation medium. The chondrogenic differentiation potential was assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Results: The HA and HA/TA-treated MSCs presented histological characteristics similar to native chondrocytes. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of TA-treated MSCs was compact and organized. Glycosaminoglycan staining was intense in Control, moderate in TA, slight in HA/TA, and undetectable in HA. Type II collagen immunoreactivity was high in the TA-treated ECM and MSCs. Conclusions: Histological analysis shows that HA influences morphological development similar to chondrocytes of the MSCs, but with low expression of specific cartilage molecules. The TA promotes formation of a compact and organized ECM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate by morphological methods, if a mixture of Fibroquel® and hyaluronic acid implanted in an animal model of cranial bone injury could promote bone regeneration. 12 Wistar rats were divided in three groups, control group, bone injury without treatment and bone injury with treatment. After experimental period, bone samples were taken and stained with H & E, Masson trichrome, PAS-D, immunohistochemistry with anti-PCNA monoclonal antibody and applied a semiquantitative morphometric method. Treatment group showed extensive areas of collagen fibers in contact with normal bone tissue, areas of normal histology, PAS positive material and less cellular proliferation. We demonstrated for the first time that a mixture of Fibroquel® and hyaluronic acid implanted in an animal model of cranial bone injury promotes bone regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory lesion of bacterial etiology characterized by inflammation of the mucosa and bone loss. Chronic inflammation is characterized by neovascularization and collagen neoformation. Mast cells have been shown to participate in the inflammatory process by releasing mediators and proteases such as chymase and tryptase, important in the collagen neoformation process. Although a higher percentage of collagen has been described in periodontal disease, the literature is scarce about the percentage of collagen in peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to quantify the percentage of collagen fibers present in the periimplant soft tissue of patients with peri-implantitis lesions. A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was performed. Samples of peri-implant soft tissue were collected from eleven patients with peri-implantitis and then processed by Masson's Trichrome Technique. In microscopic analysis, collagen fibers were observed in all samples, with an average percentage of 39.89 %, standard deviation of 17.02 %, with a minimum value of 8.99 % and a maximum value of 75.65 % density. From these results, it can be concluded that in human peri-implantitis lesions with bone loss greater than 50 %, there is an important percentage of collagen fibers, which is interpreted as connective tissue in a permanent process of reparative response, in the presence of inflammatory infiltrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]