Search

D.P.A. -- University of Baltimore, 2022, Dissertation submitted to the College of Public Affairs of the University of Baltimore in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Public Administration., This is a case study on the factors that influence the implementation in Brazil of a transnational legal order against money laundering (AML TLO). The research uses qualitative and quantitative evidence, guided by a process tracing qualitative method. It documents the nature and consistency of conditioning factors such as international pressure, domestic politics, and agency networks, and considers the validity of the assessment of the influence of these conditioning factors on the patterns of implementation. The longitudinal approach to implementation of the AML regime in Brazil encompasses three distinct periods, from initial implementation (1995 - 2002), full implementation (2002 - 2015), and regression with respect to AML implementation after 2016. The dissertation presents, for the first time in Brazilian studies, an assessment of AML TLO implementation across three outcome levels (i.e., compliance with laws, agencies' operations, and judicial output). The findings of this work point to the need to deter AML regression and rebuild the regime, providing for correction of former mistakes.

This article presents the debate between two visions regarding ways to confront the criminality. On the one hand, the vision that human beings rationally decide their behavior and choose their options freely when facing the contrasted values ??of crime and punishment. On the other hand, the idea that criminality may have roots in social and economic situations in which it is possible to act by correcting social anomalies and preventing crime. For the first of these visions, the penal sanction, the prison, represents exclusively the punishment; for the second, it is the path of rehabilitation and social reintegration. The article shows that, between these two alternatives, most Latin American countries have opted for the first during the last decades. Consequently, they have adopted “iron-fist” public policies, which emphasize the punishment instead of prevention and rehabilitation. The article seeks to demonstrate that this path has not yielded results in relation to the objective of dissuading delinquent behavior. Consequently, that policy must be modified. Este artículo presenta el debate entre dos visiones relativas a la forma de enfrentar el fenómeno criminal. De una parte, aquella que establece que existe en los seres humanos la capacidad de decidir de forma racional su comportamiento y elegir libremente frente a los valores contrastados del delito y su castigo. De otra, la que plantea que el fenómeno delictivo puede tener raíces en situaciones sociales y económicas frente a las cuales es posible actuar corrigiendo anomalías sociales y previniendo el delito antes de que este se cometa. Para la primera de estas visiones, la sanción penal, la cárcel, representa exclusivamente el castigo; para la segunda, es el camino de la rehabilitación y la reinserción social. El artículo muestra que, entre estas dos alternativas, en la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos se ha optado durante las últimas décadas por la primera. En consecuencia, han adoptado políticas públicas de “mano dura”, que enfatizan el castigo por sobre la prevención y la rehabilitación. El artículo busca demostrar que ese camino no ha dado resultados, en relación con el objetivo de disuadir de la conducta delictual. En consecuencia, esa política debe ser modificada. Abstract This article presents the debate between two visions regarding ways to confront the criminality. On the one hand, the vision that human beings rationally decide their behavior and choose their options freely when facing the contrasted values ??of crime and punishment. On the other hand, the idea that criminality may have roots in social and economic situations in which it is possible to act by correcting social anomalies and preventing crime. For the first of these visions, the penal sanction, the prison, represents exclusively the punishment; for the second, it is the path of rehabilitation and social reintegration. The article shows that, between these two alternatives, most Latin American countries have opted for the first during the last decades. Consequently, they have adopted “iron-fist” public policies, which emphasize the punishment instead of prevention and rehabilitation. The article seeks to demonstrate that this path has not yielded results in relation to the objective of dissuading delinquent behavior. Consequently, that policy must be modified. Este artigo apresenta o debate entre duas visões sobre o modo de enfrentar o fenômeno criminal. Por um lado, aquele que estabelece que existe nos seres humanos a capacidade de decidir racionalmente seu comportamento e escolher livremente contra os valores contrastantes do crime e sua punição. Por outro lado, aquela que afirma que o fenômeno criminal pode ter raízes em situações sociais e econômicas nas quais é possível atuar, corrigindo anomalias sociais e prevenindo o crime antes que seja cometido. Para a primeira dessas visões, a sanção penal, a prisão, representa exclusivamente a punição; para a segunda, é o caminho da reabilitação e reintegração social. O artigo mostra que, entre essas duas alternativas, a maioria dos países latino-americanos optaram nas últimas décadas pela primeira. Portanto, têm adotado políticas públicas repressivas de “mão dura”, enfatizando a punição para sobre prevenção e reabilitação. O artigo procura demonstrar que esse caminho não produziu resultados em relação ao objetivo de dissuadir comportamentos delinquentes. Consequentemente, essa política deve ser modificada