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In this paper, we report on structure, morphology, and photocatalytic (PC) properties of silver zinc molybdate [β-(Ag2−2xZnx)MoO4] microcrystals (x = 0; 0.01; 0.02 and 0.04) synthesized by the sonochemical method at 30 °C for 3 h. These microcrystals were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, Rietveld refinement data, micro-Raman and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies. The morphological aspects (shape and average crystal size) and the chemical composition of β-Ag2MoO4 microcrystals were performed by field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), respectively. The optical behavior was monitored by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy at room temperature. We investigate the PC properties for degradation of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R (RBV5R) anionic dye by using four UV-C lamps (18 W each). XRD patterns, Rietveld refinement data, micro-Raman and FT-IR spectra indicate that all β-(Ag2−2xZnx)MoO4 microcrystals (x = 0; 0.01; 0.02 and 0.04) have a spinel-type cubic structure and space group Fd3¯m. Rietveld refinement results indicated that the Ag atoms were replaced by Zn atoms at A-site in Wyckoff positions. The micro-Raman spectra exhibited the presence of four Raman-active vibrational modes, while FT-IR spectra revealed only one infrared-active vibrational mode. FE-SEM images showed that the replacement of Ag atoms by those of Zn changed the growth process. Particularly, the increase of Zn content into the lattice changed the crystal shape from irregular sphere, cube, and octahedrons to irregular octahedrons and rhombic dodecahedron microcrystals, resulting in the appearance of pores on the crystal surfaces. Moreover, FE-SEM images indicated that the growth of these crystals is governed by aggregation and Ostwald ripening. Finally, we demonstrate for the first time that PC activity can be enhanced up to 80 min by approximately 97.28% for the degradation of RBV5R dye by using β-(Ag1.96Zn0.02)MoO4 microcrystals as photocatalyst and ammonium oxalate as hole scavenger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on anthropometric variables in adults afflicted with overweight or obesity and to compare the effects with those of moderate‐intensity continuous training. Methods: A computer literature search was performed for HIIT intervention studies that evaluated anthropometric variables in adults afflicted with overweight or obesity. Results: Of the 857 articles retrieved in the electronic search, 48 met the inclusion criteria. The analyses demonstrated that HIIT was effective in decreasing body mass (−1.45 kg [95% CI: −1.85 to −1.05 kg]), body mass index (−0.44 kg m−2 [95% CI: −0.59 to −0.30 kg m−2]), waist circumference (−2.3 cm [95% CI: −3.1 to −1.4 cm]), waist/hip ratio (−0.01 [95% CI: −0.02 to −0.00]), body fat percentage (−1.29% [95% CI: −1.70% to −0.87%]) and abdominal visceral fat area (−6.83 cm2 [95% CI: −11.95 to −1.71 cm2]). When considering equalization between the two methods (energy expenditure or workload matched), no differences were found in any measure except body mass (for which HIIT was superior). Conclusions: High‐intensity interval training and moderate‐intensity continuous training results were similar, particularly when equalization between the two methods was considered. Thus, HIIT can be used as a secondary method for the treatment of obesity in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine differences and similarities in the motivational characteristics of Brazilian athletes based on Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985). It was analyzed differences between gender (male and female) and type of sport (individual and collective). The sample consisted of 344 athletes, mean age 24.3 ± 6.0. The most subjects were males (64.5%), engaged in team sports (59.9%) and competing at national and international level (64.1%). It was applied the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), validated in Portuguese (Br-SMS) to measure levels of motivation. There were significant differences in the dimensions Extrinsic Motivation to Introjection, Extrinsic Motivation to External Regulation and Amotivation, according to gender. It was also found significant differences in the dimensions Intrinsic Motivation to Toward Accomplish and Extrinsic Motivation the Introjection according to the sport. The results suggest that Brazilian athletes have unique motivational characteristics when compared with athletes from other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine differences and similarities in the motivational characteristics of Brazilian athletes based on Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985). It was analyzed differences between gender (male and female) and type of sport (individual and collective). The sample consisted of 344 athletes, mean age 24.3 ± 6.0. The most subjects were males (64.5%), engaged in team sports (59.9%) and competing at national and international level (64.1%). It was applied the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS), validated in Portuguese (Br-SMS) to measure levels of motivation. There were significant differences in the dimensions Extrinsic Motivation to Introjection, Extrinsic Motivation to External Regulation and Amotivation, according to gender. It was also found significant differences in the dimensions Intrinsic Motivation to Toward Accomplish and Extrinsic Motivation the Introjection according to the sport. The results suggest that Brazilian athletes have unique motivational characteristics when compared with athletes from other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to analyze the coping skills in Brazilian athletes. Specifically, verify the differences between the genders (male and female), sports (individual and collective), at different levels (regional, national and international). The sample was 375, mean age 16.8 ± 2.1, mostly male (74.7%) and sports collective (68.3%). Concerning level, 124 athletes were rated regional level, 72 national level and 171 international level. The instrument used was the Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28), Brazilian Portuguese version (ACSI-28BR) with items specific coping skills in the sport. Significant difference for main effect in the interaction between gender, sport and competitive level for: Coping with adversity and peak under pressure. The study found that different contexts directly influence the acquisition of coping skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to analyze the coping skills in Brazilian athletes. Specifically, verify the differences between the genders (male and female), sports (individual and collective), at different levels (regional, national and international). The sample was 375, mean age 16.8 ± 2.1, mostly male (74.7%) and sports collective (68.3%). Concerning level, 124 athletes were rated regional level, 72 national level and 171 international level. The instrument used was the Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28), Brazilian Portuguese version (ACSI-28BR) with items specific coping skills in the sport. Significant difference for main effect in the interaction between gender, sport and competitive level for: Coping with adversity and peak under pressure. The study found that different contexts directly influence the acquisition of coping skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]