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The health of Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AANHPI) is uniquely impacted by structural and social determinants of health (SSDH) shaped by immigration policies and colonization practices, patterns of settlement, and racism. These SSDH also create vast heterogeneity in disease risks across the AANHPI population, with some ethnic groups having high disease burden, often masked with aggregated data. Longitudinal cohort studies are an invaluable tool to identify risk factors of disease, and epidemiologic cohort studies among AANHPI populations have led to seminal discoveries of disease risk factors. This review summarizes the limited but growing literature, with a focus on SSDH factors, from seven longitudinal cohort studies with substantial AANHPI samples. We also discuss key information gaps and recommendations for the next generation of AANHPI cohorts, including oversampling AANHPI ethnic groups; measuring and innovating on measurements of SSDH; emphasizing the involvement of scholars from diverse disciplines; and, most critically, engaging community members to ensure relevancy for public health, policy, and clinical impact.

Indoor air pollution is a recognized emerging threat, claiming millions of lives annually. People are constantly exposed to ambient and indoor air pollution. The latest research shows that people in developed countries spend up to 90% of their time indoors and almost 70% at home. Although impaired IAQ represents a significant health risk, it affects people differently, and specific populations are more vulnerable: children, the elderly, and people with respiratory illnesses are more sensitive to these environmental risks. Despite rather extensive research on IAQ, most of the current understanding about the subject, which includes pollution sources, indoor–outdoor relationships, and ventilation/filtration, is still quite limited, mainly because air quality monitoring in the EU is primarily focused on ambient air quality and regulatory requirements are lacking for indoor environments. Therefore, the EDIAQI project aims to improve guidelines and awareness for advancing the IAQ in Europe and beyond by allowing user‐friendly access to information about indoor air pollution exposures, sources, and related risk factors. The solution proposed with EDIAQI consists of conducting a characterization of sources and routes of exposure and dispersion of chemical, biological, and emerging indoor air pollution in multiple cities in the EU. The project will deploy cost‐effective/user‐friendly monitoring solutions to create new knowledge on sources, exposure routes, and indoor multipollutant body burdens. The EDIAQI project brings together 18 organizations from 11 different European countries that provide interdisciplinary skills and expertise in various fields, including environmental science and technology, medicine, and toxicology, as well as policy design and public engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimal intergenerational relationships make important social contributions to age-inclusive communities and societies. Intergenerational relationships involve different cohorts of people across the life course. Existing theories look at intergenerational relationships from an intrapsychic experience, socio-cultural perspective, and/or in terms of outcomes, but do not adequately explain what occurs between interacting generational members to yield the experiences and outcomes. We identified Rogers' person-centred approach (PCA) as a useful framework for creating optimal relationships and accordingly this article aims to identify the constructs of the PCA in the context in which Rogers developed them and we applied them to intergenerational relationships in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a scoping review and sampled Rogers' original publications between January 1951 and December 1997 and obtained 1200 documents. After removing duplicates (n = 567) and applying exclusion criteria, 67 records were analysed thematically. The following PCA constructs emerged: congruence, warmth, empathy, unconditional positive regard, and locus of control, as well as two outcomes of the optimal manifestation of PCA constructs: confirmation and differentiation. We also present two PCA relational dynamics to explain optimal relationships: circularity and reciprocity. Interpreting intergenerational relationships through the lens of the PCA not only identifies the constructs of optimal relationships but also offers recommendations for transforming intergenerational relationships towards new levels of interpersonal cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aims to demonstrate how integrated, multidimensional constructs of civic engagement help advance civic developmental theory and clarify the role of social change in developmental changes in adolescent civic engagement. When considering multiple components of civic engagement in adolescence, most research has treated each component separately, ignoring how they relate to each other and fit the multidimensional construct conceptually. Integrated approaches to the multidimensionality of adolescent civic engagement attempt to rectify these shortcomings. As components of adolescent civic engagement are theorized to differ in the associations with multiple normative developmental competences, the article assesses the empirical evidence and documents the benefits of civic developmental theory. Extending these approaches to the study of social change, the article advances the novel assumption that various manifestations of social change would not be similarly important for shaping developmental changes in components of adolescent civic engagement and reports the evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A crucial component of comprehending societal change is understanding how sexual attitudes have evolved over time. The substantial and typical changes in China have created an ideal quasi-experimental design and a wealth of empirical data for tracking the evolution of sexual attitudes. However, existing research has failed to adequately analyze the temporal trends in Chinese sexual attitudes. This study employed an age–period–cohort framework to investigate changes in public sexual attitudes, including premarital sex, extramarital sex, and homosexuality. And it further delved into these attitudes in light of two unique aspects of Chinese society: urban–rural divide and political status. It explored the contributing elements and potential processes of changing public sexual attitudes in China using data from seven waves of national social survey conducted from 2010 to 2021. The findings indicated that public sexual attitudes became more conservative with age; the period effect exhibited a fluctuating upward trend, indicating a general increase in acceptance of the three sexual attitudes; notable differences in sexual attitudes among cohorts were identified. The divergence in sexual attitudes was significantly influenced by urban–rural divide and political status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ensayos - Revista de Economía is the property of Ensayos Revista de Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives To descriptively document birth cohort differences in sleeping patterns, self-reported age-specific sleep duration, and insomnia symptoms among adults aged 50+ from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Methods We analyzed respondents aged 50+ (born 1920–1969) from the 2006–2018 NHIS (n = 162,400) and HRS (n = 28,918). We fit multinomial models among the NHIS sample predicting age-specific optimal sleep duration (optimal for age vs short for age, and optimal for age vs long for age). For the HRS sample, we fit growth curve models predicting age-based insomnia symptom trajectories. The models for both samples adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment. Results Results regarding sleep duration in the NHIS, suggested that cohorts born in the 1950s and 1960s had significantly higher odds of reporting short sleep duration than cohorts before them. Results from the HRS similarly illustrated that cohorts born in the 1950s and 1960s had significantly higher levels of insomnia symptoms than those born before them. The worsening sleep among cohorts entering midlife was consistent regardless of alternative cohort specification, when age groups or periods were analyzed, and when more extensive covariates were modeled. Discussion We observe a pronounced decline in healthy sleeping patterns among American cohorts in midlife, with consistent and striking results across data sets, methods, and measures. These findings have important implications for the well-being and longevity of Americans who have entered midlife in the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores the formation and benefits of communal cohorts within an EdD program. Data were gathered through focus groups and surveys. Findings include the roles of participants, activities, and shared spaces in developing communal cohorts, and the importance of the communal nature of cohorts in realizing their benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Long COVID is commonly encountered by many individuals during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic. It is best diagnosed by a history consistent with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) followed by a prolonged recovery. An attempt has been made to enlist the sequel of long COVID clinically and to assess their risk factors. Materials and Methods: Confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital were enquired about their persistent symptoms following infection after 3– 12 weeks for acute symptoms and after 12 weeks for chronic symptoms through the predesigned questionnaire schedule about their manifestations and followed up every month for 6 months. Results: A total of 152 patients were included in our study and found acute long COVID symptoms related to neurological (72.2%), respiratory (64.7%), and musculoskeletal (61.4%) system being most commonly affected. Chronic symptoms were comprised predominantly musculoskeletal (63.1%) followed by fatigue (43.4%) and neurological (29.6) manifestations. Risk factors estimate of postacute COVID-19 symptoms showed that females had increased risk with odds ratio (OR) (and 95% confidence intervals) (OR) of 2.412 (1.239–4.692), sedentary lifestyle OR 1.775 (1.345–2.762), body mass index (BMI) >23 OR 3.877 (1.613–6.144), and presence of comorbidities OR 2.526 (1.277–4.997). Similarly, risk factor estimate of Postchronic COVID-19 symptoms showed that females had increased risk with OR 1.879 (0.952–3.709), sedentary lifestyle OR 5.091 (2.853–9.085), BMI >23 OR 2.082 (1.005–4.134), and presence of comorbidities OR 1.851 (0.925–3.705). Conclusions: Long COVID symptoms noted were mainly related to musculoskeletal disorders, neurological, respiratory, and fatigue. This enumeration will help us to bring the further pathway to include this long COVID entity for preventive strategies in our regular setup at the primary care level.

Whole-Body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is a time-effective, joint-friendly and consistently supervised exercise training technology particularly attractive to address health-related outcomes in middle-age to older adults. The present systematic review aims to summarize WB-EMS effects on musculoskeletal diseases and conditions in corresponding non-athletic cohorts. A systematic search in five electronic databases, two study registers and a hand search in Google Scholar without language restrictions up to March 2023 was conducted. We included only peer reviewed clinical trials and intervention studies on WB-EMS with non-athletic adult cohorts averaging 45 years and older addressing musculoskeletal diseases and conditions. Case reports, review articles, editorials, conference abstracts, or theses were not considered. Nineteen research projects with 22 articles focusing on the effect of WB-EMS on musculoskeletal diseases and conditions were identified. In summary high evidence for positive effects were reported for non-specific chronic low back pain and sarcopenia. Moderate evidence was provided for positive effects on knee osteoarthritis and non-significant positive effects on osteopenia. While two out of eight studies reported minor increases of biomarkers related to rhabdomyolysis, one study reported a single case of mild rhabdomyolysis after a WB-EMS session. No study reported clinically relevant adverse effects. In summary, we have provided further evidence for predominately positive effects of WB-EMS on musculoskeletal diseases and conditions along with a lack of clinically relevant adverse effects related to WB-EMS application in middle-aged and older cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie ( KZfSS) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) can be considered as a time-efficient, joint-friendly, and highly customizable training technology that attracts a wide range of users. The present evidence map aims to provide an overview of different non-athletic cohorts addressed in WB-EMS research. Based on a comprehensive systematic search according to PRISMA, eighty-six eligible longitudinal trials were identified that correspond with our eligibility criteria. In summary, WB-EMS research sufficiently covers all adult age categories in males and females. Most cohorts addressed (58%) were predominately or exclusively overweight/obese, and in about 60% of them, diseases or conditions were inclusion criteria for the trials. Cohorts specifically enrolled in WB-EMS trials suffer from cancer/neoplasm (n = 7), obesity (n = 6), diabetes mellitus (n = 5), metabolic syndrome (n = 2), nervous system diseases (n = 2), chronic heart failure (n = 4), stroke (n = 1), peripheral arterial diseases (n = 2), knee arthrosis (n = 1), sarcopenia (n = 3), chronic unspecific low back pain (n = 4), and osteopenia (n = 3). Chronic kidney disease was an eligibility criterion in five WB-EMS trials. Finally, three studies included only critically ill patients, and two further studies considered frailty as an inclusion criterion. Of importance, no adverse effects of the WB-EMS intervention were reported. In summary, the evidence gaps in WB-EMS research were particular evident for cohorts with diseases of the nervous and cerebrovascular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a heterogeneous and debilitating psychiatric disorder with a strong genetic component. To elucidate functional networks perturbed in schizophrenia, we analysed a large dataset of whole-genome studies that identified SNVs, CNVs, and a multi-stage schizophrenia genome-wide association study. Our analysis identified three subclusters that are interrelated and with small overlaps: GO:0007017~Microtubule-Based Process, GO:00015629~Actin Cytoskeleton, and GO:0007268~SynapticTransmission. We next analysed three distinct trio cohorts of 75 SZ Algerian, 45 SZ French, and 61 SZ Japanese patients. We performed Illumina HiSeq whole-exome sequencing and identified de novo mutations using a Bayesian approach. We validated 88 de novo mutations by Sanger sequencing: 35 in French, 21 in Algerian, and 32 in Japanese SZ patients. These 88 de novo mutations exhibited an enrichment in genes encoding proteins related to GO:0051015~actin filament binding (p = 0.0011) using David, and enrichments in GO: 0003774~transport (p = 0.019) and GO:0003729~mRNA binding (p = 0.010) using Amigo. One of these de novo variant was found in CORO1C coding sequence. We studied Coro1c haploinsufficiency in a Coro1c+/− mouse and found defects in the corpus callosum. These results could motivate future studies of the mechanisms surrounding genes encoding proteins involved in transport and the cytoskeleton, with the goal of developing therapeutic intervention strategies for a subset of SZ cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: An increasing number of women living with HIV are transitioning through midlife and menopause. Women living with HIV may experience earlier menopause and a higher symptom burden than women without HIV, but more evidence is needed. Data collection on menopause in women living with HIV is scarce and often not standardized. We sought to assess how menopause data are collected in cohorts and studies of women living with HIV. Methods: This was a literature review conducted within the PubMed database. We included original studies and cohorts assessing menopause and/or menopausal symptoms in women living with HIV. Study characteristics and menopause data collection, including the definition of menopause, symptom assessment tools, and measurement of biomedical parameters, were noted and summarized systematically in data tables. Results: We included 40 articles describing 37 separate studies published between 2000 and 2023; 27 of these were conducted in high‐income countries, the majority in the USA (n = 16). Ten studies were from low‐ and middle‐income countries; four of these were conducted in Brazil. In 20 studies, menopause was defined according to the World Health Organization's definition of over 12 months of amenorrhea. Twelve studies used the Menopause Rating Scale to characterize menopausal symptoms, five studies used other specified symptom assessment tools, and 12 studies used a study‐specific tool. Conclusions: Menopause data collection in women living with HIV is heterogeneous. We propose that standardized tools should be used to enable comparisons between studies and countries, thereby improving the quality of research and clinical treatment. Further research into the validity of menopausal symptom scoring tools is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: Higher staff turnover rates occurred at a university when flexible work schedules were selectively discontinued in some divisions after the COVID-19 pandemic workplace disruption. Solution: Staff surveys and focus groups identified a strong positive connection between flexible work, job satisfaction, and supervisor support. Alongside collaborators, leadership workshop cohorts were developed for staff supervisors. Pre- and post-workshop surveys, interviews, and a split-test survey of non-managerial staff gauged if job satisfaction and belonging were influenced by the workshops and how flexible work was factored. Job satisfaction and communication improved for participants and their staff. Furthermore, their staff reported higher feelings of belonging. Stakeholders: The intended audience for this article is HRD scholars, practitioners, and employers interested in improving job satisfaction and belonging for their employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Military History Chronicles is the property of Policy Studies Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On the one hand, web-based idea management platforms such as IdeaScale, Spigit, and BrightIdea can be used to facilitate the sharing of ideas and insights from existing EU and international cohorts of relevance to COVID-19. These platforms can be used to capture ideas from the experts, employees, public and other stakeholders (internal and external), and to facilitate the exchange of ideas and insights in a structured and organized way. On the other hand, Quadruple Helix networking can be used to facilitate collaboration and knowledge sharing between existing EU and international cohorts of relevance to COVID-19. This approach involves bringing together four key stakeholders – government, industry, academia, and civil society – to work together to develop solutions to the grand societal challenges posed by the pandemic. In this paper authors will fill the gap between web-based IMS practical application and theoretical framework of Quadruple Helix model to demonstrate potential benefits of merging of these elements. To bridge the gap systematic and analytical literature review will be done to create new Quadruple Helix web-based IMS framework and demonstrate it in action with case study taken from the creative industry. Aim of the research: potential of web-based idea management application in Quadruple Helix context in networking of existing EU and international cohorts of relevance to COVID-19. To reach the aim this research uses a combination of literature review, action-based research, and descriptive analysis to analyse the data and draw conclusions. Main conclusions: proves the potential of web-based IMS application with Quadruple Helix context. The application of the web-based IMS and Quadruple Helix approach is holistic and adaptable. Authors have created Quadruple Helix Adaptation in Idea Management Application Framework by including elements such as: Application elements includes: P1 is idea generation process, P2 is idea evaluation, P3 continuation of IM; Adaptation elements includes Quadruple Helix approach partners: Q1: universities, Q2: civilians; Q3: businesses; Q4: government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the one hand, web-based idea management platforms such as IdeaScale, Spigit, and BrightIdea can be used to facilitate the sharing of ideas and insights from existing EU and international cohorts of relevance to COVID-19. These platforms can be used to capture ideas from the experts, employees, public and other stakeholders (internal and external), and to facilitate the exchange of ideas and insights in a structured and organized way. On the other hand, Quadruple Helix networking can be used to facilitate collaboration and knowledge sharing between existing EU and international cohorts of relevance to COVID-19. This approach involves bringing together four key stakeholders – government, industry, academia, and civil society – to work together to develop solutions to the grand societal challenges posed by the pandemic. In this paper authors will fill the gap between web-based IMS practical application and theoretical framework of Quadruple Helix model to demonstrate potential benefits of merging of these elements. To bridge the gap systematic and analytical literature review will be done to create new Quadruple Helix web-based IMS framework and demonstrate it in action with case study taken from the creative industry. Aim of the research: potential of web-based idea management application in Quadruple Helix context in networking of existing EU and international cohorts of relevance to COVID-19. To reach the aim this research uses a combination of literature review, action-based research, and descriptive analysis to analyse the data and draw conclusions. Main conclusions: proves the potential of web-based IMS application with Quadruple Helix context. The application of the web-based IMS and Quadruple Helix approach is holistic and adaptable. Authors have created Quadruple Helix Adaptation in Idea Management Application Framework by including elements such as: Application elements includes: P1 is idea generation process, P2 is idea evaluation, P3 continuation of IM; Adaptation elements includes Quadruple Helix approach partners: Q1: universities, Q2: civilians; Q3: businesses; Q4: government.

Generational labels (e.g., Millennials and Baby Boomers) are widely used in daily life to represent the unique characteristics of groups of people. However, the existence of generational differences remains contentious. In their focal paper, Costanza et al. (2023) critically reviewed the literature on generational differences and proposed two future research directions: the social constructionist and lifespan development perspectives. In this commentary, we aimed to extend the proposed directions for future research on generational differences by integrating the two perspectives into one theoretical framework. Future research should investigate how proximal social relationships (e.g., intergenerational relations) and distal social norms (e.g., age norms) change over historical time and whether these historical changes shape individuals' development and aging. The theoretical framework that integrates the two proposed research directions may stimulate research on generational differences to progress beyond the concept of generations.

BackgroundIn non-randomized studies (NRSs) where a continuous outcome variable (e.g., depressive symptoms) is assessed at baseline and follow-up, it is common to observe imbalance of the baseline values between the treatment/exposure group and control group. This may bias the study and consequently a meta-analysis (MA) estimate. These estimates may differ across statistical methods used to deal with this issue. Analysis of individual participant data (IPD) allows standardization of methods across studies. We aimed to identify methods used in published IPD-MAs of NRSs for continuous outcomes, and to compare different methods to account for baseline values of outcome variables in IPD-MA of NRSs using two empirical examples from the Thyroid Studies Collaboration (TSC).MethodsFor the first aim we systematically searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane from inception to February 2021 to identify published IPD-MAs of NRSs that adjusted for baseline outcome measures in the analysis of continuous outcomes. For the second aim, we applied analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), change score, propensity score and the naïve approach (ignores the baseline outcome data) in IPD-MA from NRSs on the association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and depressive symptoms and renal function. We estimated the study and meta-analytic mean difference (MD) and relative standard error (SE). We used both fixed- and random-effects MA.ResultsTen of 18 (56%) of the included studies used the change score method, seven (39%) studies used ANCOVA and one the propensity score (5%). The study estimates were similar across the methods in studies in which groups were balanced at baseline with regard to outcome variables but differed in studies with baseline imbalance. In our empirical examples, ANCOVA and change score showed study results on the same direction, not the propensity score. In our applications, ANCOVA provided more precise estimates, both at study and meta-analytical level, in comparison to other methods. Heterogeneity was higher when change score was used as outcome, moderate for ANCOVA and null with the propensity score.ConclusionANCOVA provided the most precise estimates at both study and meta-analytic level and thus seems preferable in the meta-analysis of IPD from non-randomized studies. For the studies that were well-balanced between groups, change score, and ANCOVA performed similarly.

To examine if the record declines in adolescent substance use after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted from reduced levels of initiation, defined as any lifetime use. We analyzed data from the nationally representative, cross-sectional, annual Monitoring the Future surveys of eighth, 10th, and 12th grade students from 2019 to 2022. Measures included past 12-month use of cannabis, nicotine vaping, and alcohol as well as self-reported grade of initiation of each substance. Analyses are based on randomly selected subsamples of students who received questions on both prevalence and grade of first use, resulting in a total sample size of 96,990 students. Levels of the past 12-month substance use were markedly lower after the onset of the pandemic, in 2021 and 2022. In eighth and 10th grade, levels were at least one-third lower for cannabis and nicotine vaping and 13%–31% lower for alcohol. In 12th grade, the decreases ranged from 9% to 23%. Lower levels of initiation in seventh grade in 2020-2021 accounted for half or more of the overall prevalence decreases in eighth grade in 2021- 2022. Lower levels of initiation in ninth grade in 2020-2021 accounted for 45% or more of the overall prevalence decreases in 10th grade in 2021-2022. Declines in 12th grade substance use prevalence were not consistently linked to lower initiation in earlier grades. Much of the declines in overall prevalence of adolescent substance use after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic trace back specifically to declines in substance use initiation in seventh and ninth grades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quagga and zebra mussels of the genus Dreissena are two of the most impactful freshwater invasive alien species that have spread widely across the globe. These species attach to natural and artificial substrates, form dense populations and filter large volumes of water causing ecological and economic damage. Following the quagga mussel's discovery in the Shannon River system in Ireland, this study assesses its local distribution, population density, relative abundance, and population structure in the interconnected lakes Lough Ree and Lough Derg in order to determine the likely year and location of its introduction. Polymodal length-frequency analysis was used to distinguish between year cohorts and estimate growth rates. The quagga mussel is established widely across both lakes and is settling on a range of artificial surfaces, natural substrates, dead shells, plant material, and other invasive bivalves. High densities of quagga mussels exceeding 20 000 individuals per m2 were present on artificial surfaces in Lough Ree with total dreissenid densities reaching 26 758 per m2. The relative abundance of quagga mussels to zebra mussels on natural substrates is high in Lough Ree (up to 94.7%) and low in Lough Derg (up to 16.8%). Two to four year cohorts were present at all sites, with quagga mussels attaining large shell sizes over 34 mm in length. Growth varied between sites with a maximum estimated yearly growth rate of 16.8 mm. The time and place of the quagga mussel's initial introduction in Ireland is still uncertain, but its widespread distribution, population structure, and high population density and relative abundance suggest it was first introduced to Lough Ree in 2016 or 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pravnik is the property of Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of State & Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interactions and repetitive behaviors. Although hundreds of ASD risk genes, implicated in synaptic formation and transcriptional regulation, have been identified through human genetic studies, the East Asian ASD cohorts are still under-represented in genome-wide genetic studies. Here, we applied whole-exome sequencing to 369 ASD trios including probands and unaffected parents of Chinese origin. Using a joint-calling analytical pipeline based on GATK toolkits, we identified numerous de novo mutations including 55 high-impact variants and 165 moderate-impact variants, as well as de novo copy number variations containing known ASD-related genes. Importantly, combined with single-cell sequencing data from the developing human brain, we found that the expression of genes with de novo mutations was specifically enriched in the pre-, post-central gyrus (PRC, PC) and banks of the superior temporal (BST) regions in the human brain. By further analyzing the brain imaging data with ASD and healthy controls, we found that the gray volume of the right BST in ASD patients was significantly decreased compared to healthy controls, suggesting the potential structural deficits associated with ASD. Finally, we found a decrease in the seed-based functional connectivity between BST/PC/PRC and sensory areas, the insula, as well as the frontal lobes in ASD patients. This work indicated that combinatorial analysis with genome-wide screening, single-cell sequencing, and brain imaging data reveal the brain regions contributing to the etiology of ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating the growth and population dynamics of crustaceans is important for understanding the role of species in ecosystems and for conservation and monitoring purposes. This study investigated temporal and spatial variation in population dynamics (growth rate, instantaneous mortality rates, and longevity) of the stygophilous freshwater amphipod Synurella ambulans (F. Müller, 1846), and influencing environmental factors. Seasonal sampling was conducted from December 2018 to October 2019 at two sampling sites (Jarun and Medsave) along the Sava River in northwestern Croatia. A Bhattacharya cohort analysis was applied to the length-frequency data using the FISAT software package. At least four cohorts were distinguished during the year. The possible influence of environmental factors on growth parameters was investigated using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), which revealed that the important environmental factors influencing S. ambulans abundance were water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration. The average total body length (TBL) of females was 4.25 mm, while the TBL of males was 3.34 mm. The asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) were estimated to be 6.30 mm and 0.92 year−1 for females and 5.40 mm and 0.59 year−1 for males, respectively, at the Jarun site. L∞ and K were estimated to be 7.20 mm and 0.34 year−1, respectively, for females and 4.00 mm and 1.20 year−1, respectively, for males at the Medsave site. Estimated total mortality (Z) for each sex had higher values for males than females at both sampling sites. The lack of ecological knowledge on S. ambulans populations and relationships with invertebrate communities in the hyporheic zone of the large river ecosystems emphasises the importance of a detailed study for protecting this species and its vulnerable ecotonal groundwater-connected environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Raw data from accelerometers can provide valuable insights into specific attributes of physical activity, such as time spent in intensity-specific activity. The aim of this study was to describe physical activity assessed with raw data from triaxial wrist-worn accelerometers in mid-age Australian adults. Methods Data were from 700 mid-age adults living in Brisbane, Australia (mean age: 60.4; SD:7.1 years). Data from a non-dominant wrist worn triaxial accelerometer (Actigraph wGT3X-BT), expressed as acceleration in gravitational equivalent units (1 mg = 0.001 g), were used to estimate time spent in moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA; >100 mg) using different bout criteria (non-bouted, 1-, 5-, and 10-min bouts), and the proportion of participants who spent an average of at least one minute per day in vigorous physical activity. Results Mean acceleration was 23.2 mg (SD: 7.5) and did not vary by gender (men: 22.4; women: 23.7; p-value: 0.073) or education (p-value: 0.375). On average, mean acceleration was 10% (2.5 mg) lower per decade of age from age 55y. The median durations in non-bouted, 1-min, 5-min and 10-min MVPA bouts were, respectively, 68 (25th -75th : 45–99), 26 (25th -75th : 12–46), 10 (25th -75th : 3–24) and 8 (25th -75th : 0–19) min/day. Around one third of the sample did at least one minute per day in vigorous intensity activities. Conclusion This population-based cohort provided a detailed description of physical activity based on raw data from accelerometers in mid-age adults in Australia. Such data can be used to investigate how different patterns and intensities of physical activity vary across the day/week and influence health outcomes.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a great emotional impact on the general population, with specific consequences in the field of sport and physical activity. The present study was conducted to meet two objectives: (1) to investigate if the pandemic had an impact on competitive anxiety and if the sex and competitive level played a mediating role, and (2) to investigate if the relationship between emotional self-control and anxiety was affected by the pandemic. An amount of 608 Spanish athletes participated, divided into two cohorts, before and after the pandemic. Measurements of competitive anxiety and emotional self-control were made at both time points, which were processed by combining analysis of variance and regression models. Differences were found in competitive anxiety before and after COVID-19, with athlete's competitive level acting as a mediating variable. For high-level athletes, there was an increase in anxiety, while for lower-level athletes, there was a decrease in anxiety. The pandemic seems to have led to higher levels of anxiety in elite athletes, compared to amateur athletes. There was no interaction between the sex of the participants and the cohort. Emotional self-control remained a significant predictor of low competitive anxiety levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we devise a stochastic asset–liability management (ALM) model for a life insurance company and analyze its influence on the balance sheet within a low-interest rate environment. In particular, a flexible procedure for the generation of insurers' compressed contract portfolios that respects the given biometric structure is presented, extending the existing literature on stochastic ALM modeling. The introduced balance sheet model is in line with the principles of double-entry bookkeeping as required in accounting. We further focus on the incorporation of new business, i.e. the addition of newly concluded contracts and thus of insured in each period. Efficient simulations are obtained by integrating new policies into existing cohorts according to contract-related criteria. We provide new results on the consistency of the balance sheet equations. In extensive simulation studies for different scenarios regarding the business form of today's life insurers, we utilize these to analyze the long-term behavior and the stability of the components of the balance sheet for different asset–liability approaches. Finally, we investigate the robustness of two prominent investment strategies against crashes in the capital markets, which lead to extreme liquidity shocks and thus threaten the insurer's financial health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies intergenerational links in home ownership, an increasingly important wealth marker and a measure of economic status in itself. Repeated cross sectional UK data show that home ownership rates have fallen rapidly over time, most markedly amongst younger people in more recent birth cohorts. Evidence from British birth cohorts data supplemented by the Wealth and Assets Survey show a significant rise through time in the intergenerational persistence of home ownership, as home ownership rates shrank disproportionately among those whose parents did not own their own home. Given the close connection between home ownership and wealth, these results on strengthening intergenerational persistence in home ownership are therefore also suggestive of a fall in intergenerational housing wealth mobility over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although vast, most research on gender earnings gaps uses cross-sectional data for year-round full-time workers; therefore, little is known about the dynamics of gender inequality in lifetime earnings. To address this lacuna, this article analyzes data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics from 1968 to 2017, to investigate the extent, trends and explanations of gender inequality in lifetime earnings both within and across five birth cohorts born between 1930 and 1979. I find that the lifetime gap sharply declined until the 1960s birth cohort, with little change thereafter. Unpacking trends throughout the lifecycle shows that this stalled gender convergence is driven by increasing gender earnings inequality throughout the prime working years of those born in the 1960s and 1970s. Decomposition of the lifetime earnings gap further reveals that gender differences in the number of hours worked throughout one's working life is a more important factor for younger rather than older generations—despite gender convergence in lifetime labor force attachment across cohorts. On the other hand, gender inequality in stop-outs during early career has become a less relevant factor in explaining earnings differences for younger generations. These findings draw attention to the value of examining gender inequality as a cumulative long-term process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipidomics as a branch of metabolomics provides unique information on the complex lipid profile in biological materials. In clinically focused studies, hundreds of lipids together with available clinical information proved to be an effective tool in the discovery of biomarkers and understanding of pathobiochemistry. However, despite the introduction of lipidomics nearly twenty years ago, only dozens of big data studies using clinical lipidomics have been published to date. In this review, we discuss the lipidomics workflow, statistical tools, and the challenges of standartisation. The consequent summary divided into major clinical areas of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative and liver diseases is demonstrating the importance of clinical lipidomics. In these publications, the potential of lipidomics for prediction, diagnosis or finding new targets for the treatment of selected diseases can be seen. The first of these results have already been implemented in clinical practice in the field of cardiovascular diseases, while in other areas we can expect the application of the results summarized in this review in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University-district partnerships are promising models for leadership preparation programs, however many partnerships fall short of their potential. In this two-year qualitative, action research study, we examine how a university-district partnership led to the simultaneous renewal of the district and university as it sought to develop transformational school leaders. Analysis of semi-structured interviews with program participants, university staff, and district administrators indicated the impactful role of cohorts, co-teaching, and inquiry-based instruction in the continual improvement of all stakeholders. We show how each of these program components informed and transformed the university and district. We also identified partnership conditions that supported their effectiveness. Our findings inform universities and districts designing partnerships for leadership preparation and provide existing partnerships that incorporate cohorting, co-teaching, and inquiry-based instruction a better understanding of their potential impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a heterogeneous and debilitating psychiatric disorder with a strong genetic component. To elucidate functional networks perturbed in schizophrenia, we analysed a large dataset of whole-genome studies that identified SNVs, CNVs, and a multi-stage schizophrenia genome-wide association study. Our analysis identified three subclusters that are interrelated and with small overlaps: GO:0007017~Microtubule-Based Process, GO:00015629~Actin Cytoskeleton, and GO:0007268~SynapticTransmission. We next analysed three distinct trio cohorts of 75 SZ Algerian, 45 SZ French, and 61 SZ Japanese patients. We performed Illumina HiSeq whole-exome sequencing and identified de novo mutations using a Bayesian approach. We validated 88 de novo mutations by Sanger sequencing: 35 in French, 21 in Algerian, and 32 in Japanese SZ patients. These 88 de novo mutations exhibited an enrichment in genes encoding proteins related to GO:0051015~actin filament binding (p = 0.0011) using David, and enrichments in GO: 0003774~transport (p = 0.019) and GO:0003729~mRNA binding (p = 0.010) using Amigo. One of these de novo variant was found in CORO1C coding sequence. We studied Coro1c haploinsufficiency in a Coro1c+/− mouse and found defects in the corpus callosum. These results could motivate future studies of the mechanisms surrounding genes encoding proteins involved in transport and the cytoskeleton, with the goal of developing therapeutic intervention strategies for a subset of SZ cases.

Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) can be considered as a time-efficient, joint-friendly, and highly customizable training technology that attracts a wide range of users. The present evidence map aims to provide an overview of different non-athletic cohorts addressed in WB-EMS research. Based on a comprehensive systematic search according to PRISMA, eighty-six eligible longitudinal trials were identified that correspond with our eligibility criteria. In summary, WB-EMS research sufficiently covers all adult age categories in males and females. Most cohorts addressed (58%) were predominately or exclusively overweight/obese, and in about 60% of them, diseases or conditions were inclusion criteria for the trials. Cohorts specifically enrolled in WB-EMS trials suffer from cancer/neoplasm (n = 7), obesity (n = 6), diabetes mellitus (n = 5), metabolic syndrome (n = 2), nervous system diseases (n = 2), chronic heart failure (n = 4), stroke (n = 1), peripheral arterial diseases (n = 2), knee arthrosis (n = 1), sarcopenia (n = 3), chronic unspecific low back pain (n = 4), and osteopenia (n = 3). Chronic kidney disease was an eligibility criterion in five WB-EMS trials. Finally, three studies included only critically ill patients, and two further studies considered frailty as an inclusion criterion. Of importance, no adverse effects of the WB-EMS intervention were reported. In summary, the evidence gaps in WB-EMS research were particular evident for cohorts with diseases of the nervous and cerebrovascular system.

Triploid oysters are widely used in off-bottom aquaculture of eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica. However, farmers of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and Atlantic coast estuaries have observed unresolved, late-spring die-offs of triploid oysters, threatening the sustainability of triploid aquaculture. To investigate this, the physiological processes underlying oyster growth (e.g., feeding, respiration) and mortality of one-year-old diploid and triploid oysters were compared in early summer following an uptick in mortality. It was predicted that higher triploid mortality was the result of energetic imbalances (increased metabolic demands and decreased feeding behavior). Oyster clearance rates, percentage of time valves were open, absorption efficiency, oxygen consumption rates (basal and routine), ammonia excretion rate were measured in the laboratory and scope for growth was calculated. In addition, their condition index, gametogenic stage, Perkinsus marinus infection level, and mortality were measured. Mortality of triploids in the laboratory was greater than for diploids, mirroring mortality observed in a related field study. The physiological parameters measured, however, could not explain triploid mortality. Scope for growth, condition index, and clearance rates of triploids were greater than for diploids, suggesting sufficient energy reserves, while all other measurements where similar between the ploidies. It remains to be determined whether mortality could be caused from disruption of energy homeostasis at the cellular level.

Intellectual disability with or without manifestations of autism and/or epilepsy affects 1–2% of the population, and it is estimated that more than 30–50% of these cases have a single genetic cause. More than 1000 genes and recurrent chromosomal abnormalities are involved in these genetic forms of neurodevelopmental disorders, which often remain insufficiently described in terms of clinical spectrum, associated medical problems, etc., due to their rarity and the often-limited number of patients' phenotypes reported. GenIDA is an international online participatory database that aims to better characterise the clinical manifestations and natural histories of these rare diseases. Clinical information is reported by parents of affected individuals using a structured questionnaire exploring physical parameters, cognitive and behavioural aspects, the presence or absence of neurological disorders or problems affecting major physiological functions, as well as autonomy and quality of life. This strengthens the implication in research of the concerned families. GenIDA aims to construct international cohorts of significant size of individuals affected by a given condition. As of July 2022, GenIDA counts some 1545 documented patient records from over 60 nationalities and collaborates with clinicians and researchers around the world who have access to the anonymized data collected to generate new, medically meaningful information to improve patient care. We present the GenIDA database here, together with an overview of the possibilities it offers to affected individuals, their families, and professionals in charge of the management of genetic forms of neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, case studies of cohorts will illustrate the usefulness of GenIDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional problems in early childhood increase the risk of mental health problems into adolescence and adulthood, but the cross-cultural etiological risk factors are unclear. We examined predictors of emotional problems in preschoolers, using a national cohort of children in Chile and in Scotland. Participants included 1648 children and their families enrolled in the Chilean Encuesta Longitudinal de la Primera Infancia (ELPI) cohort and 3786 children and their families enrolled in the Growing Up in Scotland (GUS) cohort. Data were collected between 2005 and 2012. Information on emotional problems along with social and health determinants were collected via maternal reports. Emotional problems in the clinical range were identified in 10.4% of children from the ELPI cohort and in 3.6% of children from the GUS cohort. The difference between cohorts was statistically significant. Logistic regression revealed that maternal unemployment predicted emotional problems across cohorts. Lower maternal education and living in rural areas predicted higher risk of emotional problems for the ELPI cohort only, whereas having a younger mother, daily parent-child shared activities such as a lower frequency of sharing letters/shapes, and a higher exposure to television predicted higher risk for emotional problems for the GUS cohort. Maternal unemployment as a risk factor across cohorts indicates the importance of shared cross-cultural factors. However, sample specific differences highlight the importance and need for greater attention towards cultural specificities in policy and intervention development for child mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's top management faces the challenge of managing a multigenerational workforce. While each generation has a unique skill to contribute to the organization's success, they also bring different work characteristics that can lead to intergenerational conflicts. Thus, this study aimed to assess if there is a significant difference in job satisfaction levels among state college employees in Aurora Province based on their generational cohorts. It utilized a descriptive research design through a survey, and data were collected from 360 employees via census using the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form. An analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. According to this study's findings, most employees are Generation Y members, and their overall job satisfaction falls within the category of High-Level satisfaction, with no statistically significant difference between generations. However, it is worth noting that five of the MSQ-Short Form's 20-item statements significantly differ in generational cohorts and, if not addressed, can lead to generational conflicts in the workplace. To address the five statements with notable differences within cohorts, this study recommended that top management devote significant effort to developing intervention programs. It is also advised that the respondent conduct a self-evaluation to determine their strengths and limitations to become productive and successful workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although cohorts of health professionals are not representative of the general US population, the generalizability of exposure–disease relationships identified in these cohorts has not been extensively evaluated. Our objective was to compare the associations of risk factors with cancer risk obtained in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII), and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) with those from meta-analyses of cohort studies. Methods: Data were extracted from the most recent systematic literature reviews conducted by the World Cancer Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR). We examined risk factors with "convincing," "probable," or "limited-suggestive" evidence for 17 cancer types. Cohort-specific results for NHS, NHSII, and HPFS and corresponding sex-specific pooled meta-analysis results were obtained when available. We compared associations for continuous variables and inspected potential non-linearity in the dose–response meta-analyses. Results: Data for 88 comparisons across 11 cancer types were available. For most risk factors, we observed a close resemblance between the cohort-specific and corresponding sex-specific pooled associations. The 45 comparisons for factors considered as "convincing" or "probable" invariably exhibited similar associations in direction and magnitude. In 44 of the 45, the 95% CI from the NHS, NHSII, or HPFS captured the pooled estimate. In the one exception, the difference was 0.01. Conclusion: The NHS, NHSII, and HPFS studies are not representative of the general US population concerning sociodemographic and behavioral factors. However, the generalizability of the exposure-disease relationship assessed in these cohorts is not impaired by these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical institutionalists have long argued that major events can shape long-term economic perceptions, but the identification of birth-cohort differences has been stymied by methodological difficulties, notably the APC problem. Taking advantage of unique Japanese data and tailored Bayesian modeling, we identify cohort effects in economic perceptions and show that they follow objective macroeconomic trends countercyclically. Cohorts whose formative ages (16–20) overlap with high GDP growth have more pessimistic views about the current and future economy, even in later years. We argue that a strong economy during one's youth raises baseline expectations and makes later, weaker growth appear disappointing. We further find partisan differences in cohort effects, particularly on prospective economic expectations, with greater pessimism among independents and supporters of opposition parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterization of metabolic perturbation prior to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may deepen the understanding of causal pathways and identify novel biomarkers for early prevention. We conducted two 1:1 matched nested case‐control studies (108 and 55 pairs) to examine the association of plasma metabolome (profiled using LC‐MS) with the risk of HCC based on two prospective cohorts in China. Differential metabolites were identified by paired t tests and orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA). Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to classify metabolites into modules for identifying biological pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. We assessed the risk predictivity of metabolites using multivariable logistic regression models. Among 612 named metabolites, 44 differential metabolites were identified between cases and controls, including 12 androgenic/progestin steroid hormones, 8 bile acids, 10 amino acids, 6 phospholipids, and 8 others. These metabolites were associated with HCC in the multivariable logistic regression analyses, with odds ratios ranging from 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11‐0.35) to 5.09 (95% CI: 2.73‐9.50). WGCNA including 612 metabolites showed 8 significant modules related to HCC risk, including those representing metabolic pathways of androgen and progestin, primary and secondary bile acids, and amino acids. A combination of 18 metabolites of independent effects showed the potential to predict HCC risk, with an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82‐0.92) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.80‐0.93) in the training and validation sets, respectively. In conclusion, we identified a panel of plasma metabolites that could be implicated in hepatocellular carcinogenesis and have the potential to predict HCC risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Bromus diandrus Roth is a serious weed of cereal-based cropping systems in South Australia. Its adaptation to local climate and production systems, prolific seed production and evolution of herbicide resistance have made this weed difficult to manage. Aims: Studies were undertaken to determine genetic variation in seed dormancy within B. diandrus populations and its association with genes involved with gibberellic acid and abscisic acid synthesis. Methodology: Seeds from five B. diandrus populations were sampled during 2017 from commercial fields and planted during 2018 in pots. Protracted seedling emergence in these populations allowed selection of low and high dormancy cohorts. Seeds produced by these cohorts from each population were evaluated for variation in seed dormancy in the following year. The process of cohort selection and seed dormancy evaluation was repeated. The mechanism regulating seed dormancy was investigated in 2020 by assessing seeds of low and high dormancy cohorts concurrently for dormancy and for expression of ABA1 and GA20ox genes, using quantitative real-time PCR. Results: There was at least a two-fold difference in seed dormancy among populations collected from different farms. Low and high dormancy cohorts within each population maintained consistent differences in seed dormancy in both years of assessment, suggesting genetic control over this trait. Differences in seed dormancy between low and high dormancy cohorts were significantly correlated with ABA1 and GA20ox gene expression. Conclusions: Large differences in seed dormancy exist between individuals in B. diandrus populations. The study has provided evidence of genetic variation for seed dormancy within B. diandrus populations, which was associated with ABA1 and GA20ox gene expression. Implications: Presence of genetic variation for seed dormancy could play an important role in adaptation to escape pre-sowing weed-control tactics, meaning that B. diandrus could become an even greater problem in field crops grown in this region. Bromus diandrus is a serious weed of cereal crops in South Australia and is responsible for significant yield decline in wheat. Seed dormancy of different B. diandrus populations analysed for 3 years revealed genetic variation, and genes responsible for the control of seed dormancy were identified. The findings improve understanding of the genes involved in regulating seed dormancy, their expression over time, and how loss of dormancy is associated with changes in the gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Raw data from accelerometers can provide valuable insights into specific attributes of physical activity, such as time spent in intensity-specific activity. The aim of this study was to describe physical activity assessed with raw data from triaxial wrist-worn accelerometers in mid-age Australian adults.Methods: Data were from 700 mid-age adults living in Brisbane, Australia (mean age: 60.4; SD:7.1 years). Data from a non-dominant wrist worn triaxial accelerometer (Actigraph wGT3X-BT), expressed as acceleration in gravitational equivalent units (1 mg = 0.001 g), were used to estimate time spent in moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA; >100 mg) using different bout criteria (non-bouted, 1-, 5-, and 10-min bouts), and the proportion of participants who spent an average of at least one minute per day in vigorous physical activity.Results: Mean acceleration was 23.2 mg (SD: 7.5) and did not vary by gender (men: 22.4; women: 23.7; p-value: 0.073) or education (p-value: 0.375). On average, mean acceleration was 10% (2.5 mg) lower per decade of age from age 55y. The median durations in non-bouted, 1-min, 5-min and 10-min MVPA bouts were, respectively, 68 (25th -75th : 45-99), 26 (25th -75th : 12-46), 10 (25th -75th : 3-24) and 8 (25th -75th : 0-19) min/day. Around one third of the sample did at least one minute per day in vigorous intensity activities.Conclusion: This population-based cohort provided a detailed description of physical activity based on raw data from accelerometers in mid-age adults in Australia. Such data can be used to investigate how different patterns and intensities of physical activity vary across the day/week and influence health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to forecast severe kidney disease (SKD) outcomes for hospitalized Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) children. The predictive model was built based on a primary cohort that included 2,019 patients with HSP who were diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2013. Another cohort consisting of 461 patients between January 2014 and December 2016 was recruited for independent validation. Patients were followed up for 24 months in development/training and validation cohorts. The data were gathered at multiple time points after HSP (at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months) covering severe kidney disease as the severe outcome after HSP. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was utilized to decrease data dimension and choose potentially relevant features, which included socioeconomic factors, clinical features, and treatments. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was employed to establish a novel nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was assessed on the aspects of its calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness. The nomogram comprised serious skin rash or digestive tract purpura, severe gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations, recurrent symptoms, and renal involvement as predictors of SKD, providing favorable calibration and discrimination in the training dataset with a Cindex of 0.751 (95% CI, 0.734-0.769). Furthermore, it demonstrated receivable discrimination in the validation cohort, with a C-index of 0.714 (95% CI, 0.678-0.750). With the use of decision curve analysis, the nomogram was proven to be clinically useful. The nomogram independently predicted SKD in HSP and displayed favorable discrimination and calibration values. It could be convenient to promote the individualized prediction of SKD in patients with HSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cohorts are student groups who begin and complete a course of study together over time. Though cohorts have been linked to positive outcomes, researchers note that many students report negative experiences, including scapegoating, irreconcilable conflicts, and strained relationships resulting in unlearning. This paper describes using arts-based research (ABR) within an action research framework to illuminate toxic dynamics over four cohorts. Findings suggest that ABR illuminated these negative patterns, permitting students to honestly engage in critically reflective conversations. These conversations then afforded an opportunity for them to intervene into their cohort’s harmful dynamics in order to move towards healthier learning relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We test for differences in subjective well-being across four pre-defined generations in Australia born between 1928 and 1994: The Lucky Generation, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. We focus on overall life satisfaction and range of domain satisfactions. We find that Baby Boomers are less satisfied with life than thosce born before and after them. We observe similar patterns when considering domains such as finances and housing. However, differences in satisfaction with employment opportunities show the opposite pattern, with Baby Boomers and Generation X's reporting higher satisfaction as compared to the Lucky Generation and especially those from Generation Y. Family and labour marketcv status have greater effects than cohort of birth on many of the domains studied; however, the cohort effects are significant and non-negligible, particularly concerning satisfaction with life, employment opportunities, and housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]