Search

The study examines differential treatment in criminal justice systems based on citizenship status. Unlike prior research which has primarily been conducted in the United States, this study focuses on a sample of 11 European countries. The results show that between 2009 and 2018, there was an increase in non-citizen justice-involved persons (suspects, offenders, and prisoners) from foreign countries, compared to a decrease in justice-involved persons who were citizens. Similar results are found when examining European countries categorized by geoeconomic region (Eastern vs. Western areas), although the differences are more pronounced for Eastern countries. The results show that there are statistically significant differences by citizenship in the way these individuals are treated by the criminal justice system. These findings suggest the possibility that citizenship influences decision-making at multiple stages of criminal justice processing. To address this social issue, the results of this study suggest some strategies for policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faculty productivity and influence constitute an important aspect of doctoral program quality. Literature on faculty productivity of Criminology and Criminal Justice (CCJ) Ph.D. programs has not yet properly weighted the impact of journal publications in a standardized and objective manner, limiting their analyses to select CCJ journals or the CCJ discipline. This is problematic because CCJ is an interdisciplinary field, and many criminologists publish in highly influential non-CCJ journals. While past assessments have largely neglected citation-based data, the present study analyzes scholarly productivity for the years 2015 to 2021 using a more comprehensive and inclusive method for assessing influence. Based on this study's productivity measure, the top programs are Florida State University, Pennsylvania State University, Arizona State University, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Cincinnati. Findings are situated with prior research and the latest U.S News and World Report rankings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis article presents detailed information on criminological citation careers of scholars and works. The most-cited scholars and their most-cited works in nine international and American criminology and criminal justice journals in 1986-90 and in 2016-20 are identified. Yearly citation counts are shown for scholars over 35 years (1986-2020) and for works over 30 years (1991-2020). The study focuses on peak years of citations, as well as attempting to identify ascending/descending half-peaks. The results show considerable year-to-year variation in citation counts for both scholars and works. When they were identified, descending half-peaks of both scholars and works tended to be within five years or less of the peak year. The time between the ascending half-peak and peak was much greater. The results also show that all of the scholars in this analysis who have died are still highly-cited, often many years after their deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the relationship between immigration and crime has been the focus of international research, particularly in Europe and North America, less attention has been paid to different rates of incarceration of foreign citizens between countries. Using data from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime on persons held in prison between 2015 and 2019, this study examines the impact of nationality on incarceration rates. The principal findings suggest, in most European countries, a significantly higher rate of foreign citizens held in prison compared to non‐immigrants. Conversely, the four Anglo‐Saxon countries studied here (Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the United States of America) did not demonstrate such a high rate of disparity compared to non‐immigrants. These results suggest the need to further identify the sociocultural and institutional factors that generate these differences between countries in order to develop equitable criminal justice systems across European and Anglo‐Saxon countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]