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Purpose: To determine the earliest characteristics of retinal and optic disc alterations in diabetic children without diabetic retinopathy (DR) changes by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Settings and Design: This was a prospective, non-interventional case-control study that involved 25 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without clinical signs of DR and a demographically similar group of 25 healthy children as the control. Methods: The retina and optic disc were examined using OCTA. Statistical Analysis Used: Correlations between the OCTA parameters and clinical predictors were evaluated. Results: Twenty-five patients (median age: 14 years, interquartile range [IQR]: 13-15.9 years; 12/25 [48%] girls) with T1DM and 25 age-matched controls were enrolled. The patients had a tendency toward thinner fovea (232.5 µm) as compared to the controls (244.3 µm) (P = 0.142). Superficial vascular density was significantly lower in the DM group compared to the controls (48.90 ± 2.3 vs. 50.91 ± 3.1, P = 0.015). However, no such differences were observed at deeper vascular densities. The patients also had lower whole-disc (48.65 vs. 50.21, P = 0.029), disc interior (49.14 vs. 52.11, P = 0.044), superior (50.67 vs. 53.45, P = 0.039), and peripapillary capillary densities (50.49 vs. 52.68, P = 0.033). There was no statistical correlation between retinal/optic disc angiography parameters and clinical predictors. Conclusion: In diabetic children without visual impairment or DR, signs of microvasculopathy were found in the superficial macular vascular density and inside the disc. Keywords: Children, macular thickness, optical coherence tomography angiography, retinal nerve fiber layer, Saudi Arabia, type 1 diabetes mellitus, Author(s): Lina Raffa (corresponding author) [1,2]; Rawan Alosaimy [3]; Raghad Babaker [2]; Salwan Ezzat [2] Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a public health challenge with rapidly increasing prevalence. The International [...]

Background: Secondary angle closure glaucoma (SACG) can be quite puzzling and can challenge even an experienced glaucoma surgeon. Unlike primary angle closure glaucoma, SACG can have various ocular and systemic associations. A careful review of the symptoms and past ocular and surgical history cannot be overemphasized. Some of the SACG can be refractory, requiring drainage devices. However, sometimes, all it takes is a prompt laser iridotomy. This can significantly reduce ocular morbidity and, in some situations, even blindness. Gonioscopy, often an underutilized technique, is critical in making the right diagnosis. With the advent of imaging techniques such as anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy, one can easily pick up the etiology and treat early. Purpose: As many cases of SACG present acutely, it is critical that one makes a prompt diagnosis. We present here a video bouquet of illustrated examples of SACG and the steps to identify the cause by using different imaging techniques. Through this video, we aim to make the diagnosis of SACG a simpler, more streamlined, and logical process that will help in the accurate diagnosis and management. Synopsis: This video demonstrates various etiologies of secondary angle closure and methods to identify and treat the same. Highlights: Secondary angle closure can occur either with or without pupillary block. SACG with pupillary block involves mechanisms such as seclusio pupillae, aphakic/pseudophakic glaucoma, phacomorphic glaucoma, and silicon oil-induced glaucoma. In contrast, there are various other etiologies causing anterior pulling or posterior pushing mechanisms that contribute to non-pupillary block SACG. We discuss all of these, along with the imaging modalities needed to identify the same. Video link: https://youtu.be/N0bIw7Uknww. Keywords: Anterior segment OCT, peripheral iridotomy, pupillary block, secondary angle closure, ultrasound biomicroscopy, Author(s): Prasanna Venkataraman (corresponding author) [1]; Chetna Kisthurmal [1]; Anjana Ramanathan [1]; Deepa Ramamoorthy [1]; Neethu Mohan [1]; Anahita Shroff [1] References 1. Sen, M, Lahane, S, Lahane, TP, Parekh, [...]

This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in assessing retinal microvascular structural changes in preterm-born children and compare them with those in term-born children. The Web of Science Library, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Sino Med databases were searched systematically to extract studies published till April 25, 2023. Two independent reviewers searched all the literature and completed the data extraction and quality assessment. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the continuous estimates. STATA software (v15.1; StataCorp, College Station, TX) was used to analyze the data. Twelve published studies were eligible for inclusion in this study. The meta-analysis revealed that the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area of preterm-born children was remarkably smaller than that of term-born children, with the laser photocoagulation (LP)-ROP group showing the most pronounced reduction. The foveal superficial capillary plexus vessel density (SCP-VD) and deep capillary plexus vessel density (DCP-VD) were remarkably higher in the preterm-born group than in the control group, with variations in subgroups (LP-ROP, anti-VEGF-ROP, SR-ROP, and Pre-T-ROP). The parafoveal SCP-VD was remarkably lower in preterm-born children compared to that of the controls, while no significant difference was identified in the parafoveal DCP-VD. Preterm-born children had a smaller FAZ area, higher foveal SCP-VD and DCP-VD, and lower parafoveal SCP-VD compared to their term-born counterparts. The parafoveal DCP-VD did not differ substantially between preterm- and term-born children. OCTA is an effective modality for assessing alterations in the retinal microvasculature in preterm children. Keywords: Deep capillary plexus-vessel density, foveal avascular zone, meta-analysis, optical coherence tomography angiography, preterm-born children, superficial capillary plexus-vessel density, Author(s): Qi Zhou [1]; Bo Deng [1]; Xiaohong Xiang [1]; Yuting Liu [1]; Yingqing Lei [1]; Fang Wang (corresponding author) [1]; Hongbin Lv (corresponding author) [1] Children with a history [...]

Purpose: Optical properties of commonly used multifocal and extended-depth-of-focus (EDOF) intraocular lenses (IOLs) can induce artifacts or changes in optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements. Our purpose was to investigate the possible effects of different IOLs on peripapillary and macular OCT parameters. Methods: The preoperative and postoperative third-month peripapillary OCT and ganglion cell analysis (GCA) parameters of patients having monofocal (Alcon IQ), multifocal (PanOptix), or EDOF (Vivity) IOL implanted during cataract surgery were compared. Results: Sixty-four eyes of 64 patients were included (21 monofocal, 24 multifocal, and 19 EDOF). Although all OCT image qualities increased postoperatively, only GCA image quality changes in the monofocal and multifocal groups reached statistical significance. Most peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and GCA parameters were similar preoperatively and postoperatively. The superior RNFL thickness in the monofocal group and the temporal RNFL thickness in the EDOF group were higher postoperatively (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively). Most GCA and RNFL value changes between preoperative and postoperative measurements were similar between groups. In the parameters that changed, postoperative values were higher in the monofocal group (P = 0.02 for minimum ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer, P = 0.04 for average RNFL). Conclusion: Trifocal and EDOF IOLs do not seem to have a negative effect on OCT parameters. Keywords: Extended-depth-of-focus intraocular lens, ganglion cell analysis, multifocal intraocular lens, optical coherence tomography, presbyopia-correcting lens, Author(s): Almila Sarıgül Sezenöz (corresponding author) [1]; Sirel Gür Güngör [1]; İrem Kırcı Doğan [1]; Meriç Yavuz Çolak [2]; Gülşah Gökgöz [1]; Dilek Dursun Altınörs [1] In recent years, significant [...]

With the escalating global prevalence of myopia, tilted optic disc in myopes has become increasingly recognized as a concern and garnered significant attention in recent years. Given the crucial role [...]

2023 JUL 15 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Current study results on Lung Diseases and Conditions - Pulmonary Hypertension have [...]

2023 MAY 27 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- New research on diabetic retinopathy is the subject of a new report. [...]

Byline: Anand. Bhardwaj, Savleen. Kaur, Jaspreet. Sukhija, Parul. Gupta, Jagat. Ram Purpose: To determine the morphology of pediatric cataracts and assess the status of the anterior and posterior capsules preoperatively [...]

Byline: Kumar. Saurabh, Rupak. Roy, Swakshyar. Paul, Sudipta. Das, Krishnendu. Nandi, Rupak. Biswas, Sourav. Sinha Neurosensory retinal detachment (NSD) is a component of diabetic retinopathy. It is associated with other [...]

Byline: Alpana. Mishra, Lolly. Pattnaik, Suchismita. Mishra, Pradeep. Panigrahi, Smaraki. Mohanty Purpose: The present study aimed to assess the changes in optic disc and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) [...]

Byline: Ashok. Sharma Anterior segment optical coherence tomography characteristics and management of unique spectrum of foreign bodies in cornea and anterior chamber Corneal foreign bodies (FBs) constitute a common emergency [...]

Byline: Mona. Bhargava, Varsha. Bhambhani, Raj. Paul Purpose: To report anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) characteristics of different types of corneal and anterior chamber (AC) foreign bodies (FBs) and their [...]

Byline: Liz. Santhosh, Anna. Elias, Manju. Anup, Abhilash. Nair, Giridhar. Anantharaman, Nimmi. Prakash Purpose: To determine if high myopia and glaucoma can be differentiated based on the measurement of superficial [...]

Byline: Sakshi. Shiromani, Kavita. Bhatnagar, Pratibha. Singh, Suwarna. Suman, Seema. Meena, Shadman. Parveen Purpose: To compare the optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer [...]

Byline: Ofira. Zloto, Ronel. Veksler, Iris. Moroz, Hila. Goldberg, Hani. Levkovitch-Verbin Purpose: To examine the differences in the peripapillary vascular parameters and foveal-avascular-zone (FAZ) vascularity parameters between primary open-angle-glaucoma (POAG) [...]

Byline: Rinky. Agarwal, Chetan. Shakarwal, Namrata. Sharma, Jeewan. Titiyal Purpose: To evaluate the role of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (i-OCT) in donor grading, selection, and preparation during different types of [...]

Byline: G. Caudill, Mrittika. Sen, Carol. Shields Case A 47-year-old asymptomatic female presented for routine examination. Visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes (OU). On slit-lamp examination, she was found [...]

Byline: Kushal. Delhiwala, Rushik. Patel, Bakulesh. Khamar A 42-year-old male complaining of sudden-onset diminished vision in the right eye (OD) for 3 days with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/80 and [...]

Byline: Devika. Singh, S. Kruthika, Devashish. Dubey, Neeraj. Shah A 40-year-old gentleman with a history of repaired corneal perforation with anterior chamber hyphema was referred to the cornea clinic for [...]

Byline: Ninan. Jacob, Amit. Deb, Anureet. Kaur, Sandip. Sarkar A 17-year-old female presented with painless progressive loss of vision in both eyes (OU) with multiple episodes of syncope and postural [...]

Byline: Apoorva. Ayachit, Madan. Joshi, Nishita. Yadav, Shrinivas. Joshi, Guruprasad. Ayachit Relentless placoid chorioretinopathy (RPC) is a relatively rare and more severe variant of acute posterior multiple placoid pigment epitheliopathy [...]

Byline: Sowjanya. Vuyyuru, Sushank. Bhalerao, Pratik. Gogri, Phanindhara. Reddy, Rajavardhan. Mallipudi Penetrating ocular injury is an important cause of loss of vision and may be associated with the presence of [...]

The biggest challenge in visual field testing is recognizing when a child may have a visual field defect. A number of symptoms may be clues, including difficulty finding words, difficulty [...]

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a diagnostic tool that produces multiple high-resolution cross-sectional images. Its extremely detailed imaging capacity is valuable not only for initial diagnosis, but also for continued [...]