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Introduction: The world population is rapidly aging, and depression mainly affects middle-aged and older adults with chronic diseases and cognitive impairments. The sample for this study was obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) public database. The sample size for inclusion was 12,767. There were 6,773 females and 5,994 males, with an overall low level of education. This study aims to provide a theoretical and practical reference basis for the clinical non-pharmacological treatment of depression in middle-aged and older adults (age = 50 years) with chronic diseases. Additionally, the study seeks to promote the development of mental health interventions for middle-aged and older adults (age = 50 years) with chronic diseases, ultimately enhancing the sense of well-being and quality of life for this demographic. Methods: Cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms of the study participants were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE) and the short version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10). Results and discussion: Binary logistic regression results showed that among middle-aged and older adults (age = 50 years) with chronic diseases, participation in physical activity [OR = 1.397; 95% CI (1.181-1.651); p < 0.05] was more effective than participation in social activities [OR = 0.997; 95% CI (0.924-1.076); p < 0.05] for preventing depression. Those with cognitive impairment [OR = 1.206; 95% CI (1.089-1.335); p < 0.05] were more likely to experience depression than those without cognitive impairment. Activity participation (physical activity and social activity) had a more significant effect on mild and moderate depression compared to no depression, and cognitive level had a more pronounced effect on moderate depression [OR = 1.491; 95% CI (1.278-1.740); p < 0.05] and major depression [OR = 2.231; 95% CI (1.282-3.884); p < 0.05]. Within the specific cohort of middle-aged and older adults (age = 50 years) with chronic diseases, both activity participation and cognitive level exert a significant influence on the prevention and intervention of depression. Engagement in physical activity, participation in social activities, and enhanced cognitive functioning emerged as protective factors against depression. Therefore, the policy-maker should strengthen the prevention and treatment of depression in a comprehensive manner through the promotion of physical and social activities and the enhancement of cognitive level, so as to safeguard the mental health of middle-aged and older adults with chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eighth-grade students are expected to master the Pythagorean theorem. This understanding provides a strong foundation for various mathematical concepts. Besides, the Pythagorean theorem serves as one of the prerequisite subjects for further courses. However, these students have been reported to have low cognitive levels and encounter difficulty in learning the Pythagorean theorem. Therefore, this study explores the achievement of students' cognitive levels in solving Pythagorean theorem problems based on revised Bloom's taxonomy and the underlying factors. This research employed qualitative methods with multiple case study types. Prospective participants were 35 eighth-grade junior high school students. For the instrument, this study used semi-structured interview guidelines, written tests of problem-solving, indicator rubrics, audio-visual recording devices, and researcher notes. The data were garnered from the participants’ responses to written tests on the Pythagorean theorem, the researchers' notes, as well as the audio-visual recordings of the interviews between the researchers and the subjects. The garnered data were analyzed using techniques proposed by Miles and Huberman. The subsequent stages of the research process include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that learning experience presents a pivotal role in the achievement of higher cognitive levels. A supportive learning environment, including resources that assist in learning, can influence students' problem-solving ability to reach higher cognitive levels. Furthermore, providing various forms of problems can help hone the subject's cognitive level. Such diverse learning experiences can broaden the subject's horizons and help achieve higher cognitive levels. BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Siswa kelas VIII diharapkan mampu untuk menguasai teorema pythagoras. Pemahaman tersebut menciptakan landasan yang kuat untuk berbagai konsep matematika dan menjadi salah satu materi pelajaran prasyarat untuk materi selanjutnya. Namun, siswa kelas VIII memiliki level kognitif rendah dan mengalami kesulitan dalam mempelajari teorema pythagoras. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis ketercapaian level kognitif siswa dalam memecahkan masalah teorema pythagoras berdasarkan taksonomi bloom revisi serta faktor penyebabnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus jamak. Calon subjek adalah siswa SMP kelas VIII sebanyak 35 dan terpilih 16 subjek. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah pedoman wawancara semi terstruktur, tes tertulis pemecahan masalah, rubrik indikator, alat rekam audio visual, dan catatan peneliti. Data yang digunakan adalah hasil tes tertulis subjek dalam memecahkan permasalahan teorema pythagoras, catatan peneliti, dan hasil rekaman wawancara antara peneliti dengan subjek. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data interaktif miles dan huberman. Langkah berikutnya setelah pengumpulan data adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian adalah pengalaman belajar menjadi faktor krusial dalam ketercapaian level kognitif yang lebih tinggi. Subjek yang memiliki pengalaman belajar lebih banyak dapat mencapai level kognitif yang lebih tinggi. Lingkungan belajar yang mendukung, termasuk sumber daya yang membantu dalam belajar, dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa untuk mencapai level kognitif yang lebih tinggi. Selain itu, pemberian berbagai bentuk masalah dapat membantu mengasah level kognitif subjek. Pengalaman belajar yang beragam tersebut dapat memperluas wawasan subjek dan membantu mencapai level kognitif yang lebih tinggi.

Background: Evidence suggests that reminiscence therapy can effectively reduce cognitive and psychological symptoms. This study was conducted to examine the effect of individual reminiscence therapy on cognitive level, quality of life and depressive symptoms in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study is an experimental type, randomised controlled study designed in pre‐test – post‐test design. The sample size of the study consisted of 58 older adults with type 2 diabetes, consisting of 29 intervention and 29 control subjects. The older adults in the intervention group were individually subjected to 5 weeks of reminiscence therapy in two sessions (each session 40–45 min) per week. No intervention was applied to the control group. Personal Information Form, Standardised Mini Mental Test, SF‐36 Quality of Life and Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect the data. Results: While there was no significant difference between the pre‐test Mini Mental Test, Beck Depression Inventory total score and SF‐36 Quality of Life Scale mental and physical health sub‐dimension mean scores of the older adults in the intervention group and the mean scores of those in the control group (P > 0.05), the difference between the Mini Mental Test, Beck Depression Inventory total score and SF‐36 Quality of Life Scale mental and physical health sub‐dimension mean scores of the older adults in the intervention and control groups in the post‐test was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). The post‐test Mini Mental Test total score, SF‐36 Quality of Life Scale mental and physical health sub‐dimension mean scores of the older adults in the intervention group were higher than the older adults in the control group. It was determined that the post‐test Beck Depression Inventory total mean scores of the older adults in the intervention group were lower than the older adults in the control group. Conclusion: Reminiscence therapy can positively affect cognitive levels, quality of life and depression symptoms of older adults living in the community. Individual reminiscence therapy can be used as a nursing intervention in primary healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biology material on the excretory system has a high level of learning difficulty, including the complexity of the material and the high level of abstraction, which can affect students' learning process and outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the internal and external sources causing learning difficulties by conducting research that aims to interpret: 1) the level of students' learning difficulties based on the cognitive level of the excretory system material, 2) the factors causing students' learning difficulties based on the cognitive level of the excretory system material. This research is a qualitative study using an ex post facto method conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Konawe Selatan. The subjects of this research are 56 Grade XI students who experience learning difficulties, and the biology teacher. The data collection techniques used are: 1) tests, which were analyzed descriptively statistically; 2) interviews, which were analyzed through four stages: collection, reduction, display, and conclusion, followed by testing the validity of the data through triangulation. The results of this research show that: 1) Students' learning difficulties viewed from the cognitive levels of each learning indicator on the excretory system material are generally categorized as slightly difficult with a percentage of 58.93%; 2) The factors causing students' learning difficulties are students' interest in learning, students' habits during the learning process, evaluation techniques, as well as family, school, and community environmental aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Quercetin is a flavonol compound widely distributed in plants that possesses diverse biological properties, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective and senescent cell-clearing activities. It has been shown to effectively alleviate neurodegenerative diseases and enhance cognitive functions in various models. The immune system has been implicated in the regulation of brain function and cognitive abilities. However, it remains unclear whether quercetin enhances cognitive functions by interacting with the immune system. Results In this study, middle-aged female mice were administered quercetin via tail vein injection. Quercetin increased the proportion of NK cells, without affecting T or B cells, and improved cognitive performance. Depletion of NK cells significantly reduces cognitive ability in mice. RNA-seq analysis revealed that quercetin modulated the RNA profile of hippocampal tissues in aging animals towards a more youthful state. In vitro, quercetin significantly inhibited the differentiation of Lin−CD117+ hematopoietic stem cells into NK cells. Furthermore, quercetin promoted the proportion and maturation of NK cells by binding to the MYH9 protein. Conclusions In summary, our findings suggest that quercetin promotes the proportion and maturation of NK cells by binding to the MYH9 protein, thereby improving cognitive performance in middle-aged mice. Graphical abstract

• This study aimed to investigate the associations between hyponatremia and cognitive function, in hospitalized post-stroke patients. • As a result, baseline hyponatremia has demonstrated a correlation with decline in cognitive level over the course of rehabilitation in individuals after stroke. • Assessing hyponatremia at the outset proves to be a pivotal prognostic indicator. Evidence is scarce regarding the association between hyponatremia and alterations in cognitive function among hospitalized older patients. We aimed to investigate the associations between hyponatremia and the baseline cognitive status, as well as the improvement in cognitive function, in hospitalized post-stroke patients. This retrospective cohort study included consecutive hospitalized post-stroke patients. Serum sodium concentrations were extracted from medical records based on blood tests performed within 24 h of admission, with hyponatremia defined as a serum sodium concentration < 135 mEq/L. The main outcomes included admission and discharge scores for cognitive levels, assessed through the cognitive domain of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM-cognition), as well as the score changes observed during the hospitalization period. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to determine the association between hyponatremia and outcomes of interest, adjusted for potential confounders. Data from 955 patients (mean age 73.2 years; 53.6 % men) were included in the analysis. The median baseline blood sodium level was 139 [137, 141], and 84 patients (8.8 %) exhibited hyponatremia. After full adjustment for confounders, the baseline hyponatremia was significantly and negatively associated with FIM-cognition values at admission (β = -0.009, p = 0.016), discharge (β = -0.038, p = 0.043), and the gain during hospital stay (β = -0.040, p = 0.011). Baseline hyponatremia has demonstrated a correlation with decline in cognitive level over the course of rehabilitation in individuals after stroke. Assessing hyponatremia at the outset proves to be a pivotal prognostic indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, food waste imposes substantial adverse effects on the economy, society, and environment, with surplus food sales playing a major role in this wastage. Surplus food, despite its safety and quality parallels with regular food, suffers from low consumer awareness. Research indicates that nudging frameworks can improve intervention efficacy, prompting individuals to alter their preference selections. Previous studies have neglected to explore the impact mechanisms of individual and social nudging frameworks on the willingness to purchase surplus food, indicating a need for further inquiry. This study delves into the influence of individual and social nudging frameworks on consumers' willingness to buy surplus food. Experimental validation illustrates that social norm-based nudges, in comparison to individual norm-based nudges, notably increase the willingness to purchase surplus food, with moral entanglement serving as a mediating factor. Moreover, the influence of these nudging frameworks on the willingness of highly cognitive consumers to purchase surplus food outweighs that on low cognitive consumers. This research contributes to advancing the understanding of surplus food and food wastage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore how the cognitive level alignment between the teachers’ assessments and Mathematics curriculum in Indonesia related to students’ higher order thinking skills (HOTS) development. The study adopted a descriptive exploratory design with a qualitative approach. The participants of this study were 15 high school mathematics teachers from Malang City and the Nganjuk district. Data were collected from the results of the assessments and indicators of the mathematics curriculum used by teachers. The data collected were analyzed using Anderson & Krathwohl’s Taxonomy to determine the alignment of the cognitive level from assessments and curriculum. In the semi-structured interview session, we recorded teachers’ responses who were able to construct HOTS-based assessments. Our findings showed: i) mathematics indicators primarily targeted students’ thinking skills at the low cognitive level, namely applying; ii) teachers’ assessments were more dominant at the low cognitive level, and there was no assessment at create level; and iii) the alignment of the cognitive level was relatively low for the HOTS category. The study findings can be used to improve curriculum and assessment in education. They can also be used as reflections for Mathematics teachers on the importance of aligning the cognitive level, especially that develop students’ HOTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quercetin is a flavonol compound widely distributed in plants that possesses diverse biological properties, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective and senescent cell-clearing activities. It has been shown to effectively alleviate neurodegenerative diseases and enhance cognitive functions in various models. The immune system has been implicated in the regulation of brain function and cognitive abilities. However, it remains unclear whether quercetin enhances cognitive functions by interacting with the immune system. Results: In this study, middle-aged female mice were administered quercetin via tail vein injection. Quercetin increased the proportion of NK cells, without affecting T or B cells, and improved cognitive performance. Depletion of NK cells significantly reduces cognitive ability in mice. RNA-seq analysis revealed that quercetin modulated the RNA profile of hippocampal tissues in aging animals towards a more youthful state. In vitro, quercetin significantly inhibited the differentiation of Lin−CD117+ hematopoietic stem cells into NK cells. Furthermore, quercetin promoted the proportion and maturation of NK cells by binding to the MYH9 protein. Conclusions: In summary, our findings suggest that quercetin promotes the proportion and maturation of NK cells by binding to the MYH9 protein, thereby improving cognitive performance in middle-aged mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Digital Education is the property of Haiyan Publishing Co. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the major non-communicable disease causing increased mortality and morbidity worldwide. Among cardiovascular diseases, coronary artery disease is one of the life-threatening diseases. The majority of patients, after the acute event of coronary artery disease, suffer from mental stress, depression, and cognitive impairments. Therefore, this study mainly focuses on the effect of the Cognitive and Emotional Impairment Management Bundle (CEIMB) among patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: This randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial was conducted in a tertiary care center among patients with coronary artery disease. The samples were recruited from the coronary intensive care unit through purposive sampling technique. After the sample selection, they were allotted to control (n1 = 55) and intervention (n2 = 56) groups through block randomization. The intervention was provided through three sessions. The study was registered under the Clinical Trial registry of the country. The statistical analysis was done using the SPSS ver. 25. The analysis was done by mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, and two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The mean age of the participants in the control group was 56.6 ± 6.1 years, and in the experimental group was 57.6 ± 6.4 years. The majority of the participants (39.3%) in the intervention group had severe depression, moderate levels of stress (30.4%), and medication adherence (96.4%). In the experimental group, depression, stress, medication adherence, and cognition had a statistically significant difference at different periods (<0.05). Conclusion: The impaired mental status and cognitive level of the patients after the cardiac event negatively influences the patient's prognosis, contributing to readmission and premature death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the types of static, dynamic, and mixed text display on students' reading comprehension, attention, and cognitive. In addition, this study also considers sitting, standing, and walking positions and different types of text. Quasi-experiments were used in this study with random sample selection of students at the high school level who have mobile reading habits. The instruments used in this study were gadgets for mobile reading, reading comprehension tests, and cognitive level measurement scales. The results showed that the reading positions that made a significant positive contribution to sustained attention were sitting reading positions and mixed text types which made the lowest contribution to sustained attention. In addition, it was found that the type of text did not have a significant effect on students' reading comprehension skills. Moving text also does not contribute significantly to students' reading comprehension skills. Students' reading comprehension ability is significantly influenced by the type of text display and reading context. Students' cognitive abilities are significantly influenced by the type of text display, but not by the reading context. Of the three types of text display, the sequence of text types that make a significant contribution from the highest to the lowest is mixed text which makes the most significant contribution, then dynamic text, and static text. So, it can be concluded that the reading context and the type of text display have different impacts on students' reading comprehension skills, sustained attention and cognitive levels of students. This research has implications that teachers must modify students' mobile reading habits by displaying text, and reading contexts so that reading comprehension skills can increase optimally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biology material on the excretory system has a high level of learning difficulty, including the complexity of the material and the high level of abstraction, which can affect students' learning process and outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the internal and external sources causing learning difficulties by conducting research that aims to interpret: 1) the level of students' learning difficulties based on the cognitive level of the excretory system material, 2) the factors causing students' learning difficulties based on the cognitive level of the excretory system material. This research is a qualitative study using an ex post facto method conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Konawe Selatan. The subjects of this research are 56 Grade XI students who experience learning difficulties, and the biology teacher. The data collection techniques used are: 1) tests, which were analyzed descriptively statistically; 2) interviews, which were analyzed through four stages: collection, reduction, display, and conclusion, followed by testing the validity of the data through triangulation. The results of this research show that: 1) Students' learning difficulties viewed from the cognitive levels of each learning indicator on the excretory system material are generally categorized as slightly difficult with a percentage of 58.93%; 2) The factors causing students' learning difficulties are students' interest in learning, students' habits during the learning process, evaluation techniques, as well as family, school, and community environmental aspects.

Educational data mining (EDM) is an emerging topic in recent years steered by data mining and machine learning techniques to enhance students' overall learning experience and academic progress. In recent years EDM techniques are frequently used to improve assessment systems but the evaluation procedure is majorly marks driven. Developing an evaluation system to distinguish candidates, based on their ability to answer cognitively difficult questions is a challenging task. In this study, a unique methodology is proposed to dynamically rank the candidates to develop an outcome-based online examination system that will properly evaluate a candidate's cognitive competencies. The questions are segmented into different cognitive groups based on classical Bloom's educational taxonomy. The Jenks Natural Breaks Optimization technique is used here to segment the questions and as a result, distinct question clusters based on different cognitive levels are obtained. Students are evaluated with different questions from these cognitive groups and ranking is done for individual candidates considering both the marks of the questions and his/her ability to solve questions from different difficulty levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Karya Journal of Health Science is the property of Karya Journal of Health Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

为深入了解居民对食用植物油的认知和消费现状，推动食用植物油科学消费,基于山东、河南、陕西、吉林、广东五省1 108份实地调研问卷数据，探讨了消费者对食用植物油的认知情况、购买意愿和消费行为，影响购买意愿的因素及不同消费群体间的购买差异。结果表明：消费者对食用植物油的营养知识和用油习惯的认知较为匮乏，其消费呈品种多样化特点；消费者对食用植物油的消费意愿主要受品牌与知名度、价格、是否转基因这3个因素影响；消费者年龄越大，越不看重脂肪酸构成比例、风味和食用偏好及营养功能物质含量；受教育水平越高，越不重视价格因素；身体质量指数（BMI）更低或家庭收入更高的消费者，更重视食用植物油的脂肪酸构成比例、营养功能物质含量、风味和食用偏好等。基于以上结论，从政府、企业和消费者3个角度提出合理化建议，以促进植物油产业发展和健康消费。In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the current situation of residents′ cognition and consumption of edible vegetable oil, and to promote scientific consumption of edible vegetable oil,based on the data of 1 108 field surveys in Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Jilin and Guangdong provinces, the consumers′ cognition of edible vegetable oil,willingness to buy edible vegetable oil and their consume behavior, factors affecting willingness to purchase, and differences in purchasing among different consumer groups were mainly discussed. The results showed that consumers′ cognition of the nutrition and using habits of edible vegetable oil was relatively scarce, and their consumption showed a characteristics of diversification; consumers′ willingness to consume edible vegetable oil was mainly affected by brand and popularity, price and whether it is genetically modified.The older of the consumer, the less attention was paid to fatty acid composition ratio, flavor and eating preferences, and nutritional functional substances content.The higher the education level of consumer, the less attention was paid to the price factor. Consumers with lower body mass index(BMI) or higher household income tended to pay more attention to the fatty acid composition ratio, nutritional functional substances content, flavor and eating preferences of edible vegetable oil. Based on the above conclusions, the reasonable suggestions from the perspective of government, enterprises and consumers were put forward to promote the development of vegetable oil industry and healthy consumption.

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Big Data is the property of Journal of Agricultural Big Data Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Researchers have long been interested in understanding how different learning approaches impact learning outcomes. Learning approaches are often conceptualized as a dichotomy of superficial and deep, and learning outcomes are typically viewed on a cognitive scale that ranges from lower- to higher-order. While there appears to be an inherent relationship between learning approach and outcomes where superficial approaches lead to lower-order learning and deep approaches result in higher-order learning, this concept is not well documented. The purpose of this study is to better understand this relationship by evaluating whether student performance on higher- and lower-order examination questions is influenced by the approach a student takes when studying. To investigate this, survey and examination data were collected from an upper-level undergraduate Human Anatomy course at the University of Cincinnati. Results indicate that, on average, students in the course favored a deep approach to learning. The impact that learning approach had on examination performance was investigated using a series of analytical approaches, which revealed that students who took a deep approach to learning performed marginally better on both higher- and lower-order examination questions in lecture and practical examination settings. These results are contextualized within the literature, which highlights the need for more research surrounding the interrelatedness and dependency of categories within both learning approaches and cognitive levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Background Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a saponin compound often used as a flavoring agent, can elicit anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, and alleviate aging. However, the specific mechanism by which GA alters immune cell populations to produce these beneficial effects is currently unclear. Results In this study, we systematically analyzed single-cell sequencing data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young mice, aged mice, and GA-treated aged mice. Our in vivo results show that GA reduced senescence-induced increases in macrophages and neutrophils, and increased numbers of lymphoid lineage subpopulations specifically reduced by senescence. In vitro, GA significantly promoted differentiation of Lin−CD117+ hematopoietic stem cells toward lymphoid lineages, especially CD8+ T cells. Moreover, GA inhibited differentiation of CD4+ T cells and myeloid (CD11b+) cells by binding to S100 calcium-binding protein 8 (S100A8) protein. Overexpression of S100A8 in Lin− CD117+ hematopoietic stem cells enhanced cognition in aged mice and the immune reconstitution of severely immunodeficient B-NDG (NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/l2rgtm1/Bcgen) mice. Conclusions Collectively, GA exerts anti-aging effects by binding to S100A8 to remodel the immune system of aged mice.

BACKGROUND: Three kinds of diet containing chicken protein isolate (CPI), bovine milk protein isolate (BMPI), and soy protein isolate (SPI), respectively, were designed to investigate the influences of proteins on cognitive levels and related mechanisms in mice. RESULTS: A Morris water maze (MWM) test showed that the SPI group had a higher cognitive level than the BMPI group. Immunohistochemical staining and chemical analysis of the hippocampus showed that the SPI group had higher synaptophysin expression, doublecortin‐positive cell proportion, superoxide dismutase activity, and lower malondialdehyde content compared with the BMPI group. The same parameters in the CPI group were between those of the BMPI and SPI groups. Microbiome sequencing indicated that the three groups differed significantly at the phylum, genus, and species levels, with higher microbial alpha diversity in the CPI and SPI groups. The association of intestinal microbiota with cognitive improvement was also assessed. The present study suggests that soy protein may increase cognitive function by the gut‐brain axis. CONCLUSION: In contrast with CPI and BMPI, SPI had a better effect on improving the cognitive level in mice, which was achieved through the regulation of hippocampal neural growth, oxidative stress, and intestinal microbiota. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of student learning behavior characteristics is an important means for educators to better understand students and improve the quality and effectiveness of teaching in the field of education. It is necessary to refer to students' cognitive levels for analysis of student learning behavior characteristics. However, existing algorithms only focus on the overall performance and grades of students, ignoring the individual differences in learning cognitive levels among students, which affects the accuracy of the analysis results. Therefore, this paper conducts research on student online learning behavior characteristics based on a multidimensional cognitive model. Firstly, a multidimensional and multilevel model for evaluating students' cognitive levels is constructed, and the process of evaluating students' cognitive levels is sustainable and can be adjusted in real-time as students' cognitive levels change. By considering the differences in evaluation levels and students' cognitive levels, targeted observation and extraction of students' online learning behavior characteristics can be achieved. A new model based on variational autoencoder neural network is proposed to perform decoupled representation of students' implicit preferences. By using a regularization term based on maximum mean difference, the model can learn independent hidden vectors sensitive to dynamic and static factors from students' online learning behavior history data and multidimensional cognitive evaluation history data. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the constructed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cognitive level of students is a very important factor that should be considered when constructing learning paths, however, it's not that all students could have sufficient technical skills to participate in learning programs offered by the learning paths, so in real cases, the learning paths can hardly meet the actual learning requirements of each student. To solve this matter, this paper aims to explore a new method for constructing online learning paths based on the cognitive level assessment of college students. At first, this paper introduced a deep learning model into the assessment of college students' cognitive level, that is, the collected data of the feedback assessment information of student learning was adopted to assess the cognitive level of students, then the paper introduced in detail the structure and principle of the proposed model. After that, this paper proposed a weighted learning method that integrates the learning paths of students with different cognitive levels to ensure the interpretability of the generated learning paths. For a specific student cognitive level on learning paths, the proposed method assigns different weights for learning paths based on history student cognitive level on each node of the learning paths, thereby planning better and easier learning paths for students to achieve their learning goals. At last, experimental results verified the validity of the constructed model and the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to study the role of book reading style and the emotional quality of parents on children's cognitive abilities. Participants are families who participate in family literacy programs in Indonesia. The research sample is 150 parents and children who are involved in the family literacy program in the Bandung area, Indonesia. The correlational design was used in this study to see the role of parental style in reading books and the emotional quality of parents when interacting with children on children's cognitive abilities. The families involved are bilingual families who use more than one language in their family. The results showed that parents' book reading style (direct text reading/extratextual talk), emotional quality, and language use were factors that greatly influenced children's cognitive abilities. Extratextual reading style is a reading style that is considered superior in improving children's cognitive abilities compared to direct text reading style. In addition, reading will be more optimal in increasing children's grasping power if it is accompanied by quality parental emotions. This study provides implications that can be used as guidelines for stakeholders in providing signs for parents in an effort to improve children's literacy at preschool age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a saponin compound often used as a flavoring agent, can elicit anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, and alleviate aging. However, the specific mechanism by which GA alters immune cell populations to produce these beneficial effects is currently unclear. Results: In this study, we systematically analyzed single-cell sequencing data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young mice, aged mice, and GA-treated aged mice. Our in vivo results show that GA reduced senescence-induced increases in macrophages and neutrophils, and increased numbers of lymphoid lineage subpopulations specifically reduced by senescence. In vitro, GA significantly promoted differentiation of Lin−CD117+ hematopoietic stem cells toward lymphoid lineages, especially CD8+ T cells. Moreover, GA inhibited differentiation of CD4+ T cells and myeloid (CD11b+) cells by binding to S100 calcium-binding protein 8 (S100A8) protein. Overexpression of S100A8 in Lin− CD117+ hematopoietic stem cells enhanced cognition in aged mice and the immune reconstitution of severely immunodeficient B-NDG (NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/l2rgtm1/Bcgen) mice. Conclusions: Collectively, GA exerts anti-aging effects by binding to S100A8 to remodel the immune system of aged mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand citizens' awareness, trust and attitude towards Tradition Chinese medicine (TCM), to seek the best penetration path of TCM products and culture, to analyze their influencing factors, and to provide suggestions and countermeasures, a non-probabilistic judgment sampling method was used to conduct a survey among 459 people online with the help of Questionnaire Star and 434 valid questionnaires were collected. The survey shows that residents have a high degree of recognition and identification of Chinese medicine; citizens are rational when choosing TCM products, and the recognition of the emerging TCM culture infiltration path is low. Different social and demographic factors affect citizens' awareness, trust and attitude towards TCM, as well as the choice of infiltration path (P < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences is the property of Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jian Fan,1,&ast; Yan Shang,1,&ast; Fei Shen,2,&ast; Qiaowen Huang,3 Ziyu Wang,1 Yiping Han,4 Jiayi Zhao1 1Department of General Practice, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China; 2Yinhang Community Healthcare Center, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China; 3Zhaoxiang Community Healthcare Center, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jiayi Zhao, Department of General Practice, Changhai Hongkou Hospital, Shanghai, 200081, People’s Republic of China, Email rayzhaojiayi@163.com Yiping Han, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China, Email yphan2006@163.comBackground: Venous thrombosis (VTE) is a high-incidence disease that affects different systems of the body, but no comparative studies have been conducted to explore its incidence in different systems in patients with the coexistence of multiple diseases. Primary care is a medical institution that has the first contact with patients’ conditions. The majority of outpatients suffer from multiple diseases, and they are more prone to VTE, which is of significance and requires investigation. At the same time, we observed that the primary care patients’ cognition level of VTE is insufficiency at present, and the prevention and management of VTE in China is still in its infancy. Most studies focus on whether doctors and nurses are clear about the diagnosis and manifestations of VTE, however, few studies on patients’ cognitive level and influencing factors of symptoms and prevention of VTE. Therefore, it is necessary to study the causes of cognitive deficiency of VTE from the perspective of patients, conduct targeted cognitive and behavioral interventions, and finally achieve the purpose of improving the effect of VTE prevention and management.Aim: This study aimed to explore the risk factors, cognitive level and cognitive potential influence factors of VTE in outpatients of primary care in Shanghai, as well as which diseases, are more likely to promote occurrence of VTE among patients with multiple diseases.Methods: A total of 710 patients were included in the analysis. Shanghai in China is divided into urban and suburban areas by their geographical location, and a random sample of 10 primary care areas was investigated, including 5 urban areas and 5 suburban areas. The Padua scale and the VTE cognitive level-related knowledge test scale were used for the investigation. Statistical software was used to conduct univariate Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis for VTE high-risk factors among outpatients of primary care. Furthermore, the high-risk factors for VTE and the types of chronic disease in patients with multiple diseases were subjected to subgroup analyses. t-test was used to statistically analyze cognitive level of VTE and the potential influence factors related to the patients’ VTE cognitive level.Results: Univariate analysis of risk factors for VTE in 710 outpatients showed that age (χ2=83.895, P< 0.001), education (χ2=8.324, P=0.004), region (χ2=63.936, P< 0.001), chronic disease (χ2=18.198, P< 0.001) and the coexistence of multiple diseases (χ2=61.347, P< 0.001) were the main risk factors for VTE risk in patients. Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that age, region, chronic diseases and the coexistence of multiple diseases were independent risk factors for VTE risk in patients. The correlation between high risk of VTE in patients with multiple diseases and various types of chronic diseases was further analyzed by logistic multivariate regression. The results showed that diabetes mellitus (OR=1.636 [95% CI, 1.030– 2.599], P=0.037), cerebral infarction (OR=8.484 [95% CI, 4.615– 15.597], P< 0.001), coronary heart disease (OR=2.987 [95% CI, 1.699– 5.252], P< 0.001), intracerebral hemorrhage (OR=15.130 [95% CI, 4.707– 48.630], P< 0.001), respiratory diseases (OR=3.470, [95% CI, 1.428– 8.43], P=0.006) and malignant tumors (OR=4.576, [95% CI, 1.85– 11.315], P=0.001) were independent risk factors for VTE among patients with co-existing diseases, and the risks from high to low were cerebral hemorrhage>cerebral infarction>malignant tumor>respiratory system disease>coronary heart disease> diabetes. In addition, patients’ age (t=6.869, P< 0.001), region (t=3.420, P< 0.001), education level (t=− 7.341, P< 0.001), chronic disease (t=5.875, P< 0.001), BMI (t=6.404, P=0.012), smoking (t=4.152, P=0.042) were related to the VTE cognitive level.Conclusion: General practitioners should pay close attention to independent risk factors for VTE among patients in routine outpatient care, especially patients with co-existing diseases with independent risk for VTE, placing them high risk of VTE. At the same time, health education and other measures should be strengthened to improve the patients’ awareness and cognitive level of VTE to prevent the occurrence of VTE and its related complications.Keywords: venous thrombosis, risk assessment, cognitive level

Learners can study and update their knowledge continually due to the rapid growth of online content. The Medium blog is a well-known open platform that encourages authors who want to share their experiences to publish content on various topics in multiple languages. Meanwhile, readers can query interesting content by searching for a related topic. However, finding suitable content is still challenging for learners, especially information communication technology (ICT) content in Thai, and needs to be classified into beginner, intermediate, and advanced cognitive levels. Moreover, ICT blog content is usually a mix of Thai language and technical terms in English. To overcome the challenge of content classification, a deep neural network (DNN) classification model was constructed to classify the ICT content from the Medium blog into three levels based on cognition. We examined and compared the classification results with strong baseline models, including logistic regression, multinomial naïve bayes, support vector machine (SVM), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). The experimental results indicate that the proposed DNN model attained the highest accuracy (0.878), precision (0.882), recall (0.878), and F1-score (0.875). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The focus of the present paper is on (1) how dyslexia research and hence definitions have developed during the period 1950–2020 and includes (2) a database search of scientific publications on dyslexia during the same period. The focus is on the definitions of dyslexia and the organization of the network search based on the causal four-level model by Morton and Frith. Method. (1) The definitions are presented in accordance with a historic review of dyslexia research from 1950 to 2020 and based on (2) Google Scholar counts of publications on dyslexia, on defining dyslexia, on dyslexia at the four levels (symptomatic, cognitive, biological, environmental), and by areas (sensorimotor, comorbidity). Finally, a percentage calculation shows the relative development within each level and area by decennium (1950–1960, 1960–1970, 1970–1980, 1990–2000, 2002–2010, 2010–2020). Results. (1) Of the seven definitions presented, only the definition by the BDA 2007 included the four levels of the causal model. (2) The number of publications increased substantially over the period. However, relatively few publications have defined dyslexia. An increase in publications from 1950 to 2020 was seen across the four levels and two areas—however, with an alteration in the thematic focus over this time span. Summary. Defining dyslexia has still not reached a consensus. This uncertainty may explain why only one of the seven definitions proved satisfactory according to the four-level model. Along with the general increase in research, publications on dyslexia have increased accordingly during the period 1950 to 2020. Although the symptomatic level has played a dominant role over the whole period, thematic shifts have been seen over these 70 years. In particular, a substantial thematic shift was seen by the turn of the millennium. There has been a relative increase in the focus on literacy at the symptomatic level, on phonological awareness at the cognitive level, in gender at the biological level, and second language learning as comorbidities. However, increases in counts are not alone a valid indication of scientific progress. In particular, the lack of definitional criteria as a basis for participant and method selection should attract much more focus in future studies. The present study underlines the multifactorial nature of dyslexia, as evidenced by a substantial increase in the number of publications on the subject. It is a challenge for future research to continuously use and possibly redefine dyslexia definitions in line with such standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Evidence is scarce on the associations between impaired oral health and cognitive level related to independence in activities of daily living (ADLs) among hospitalized older patients. We aimed to evaluate the associations between baseline oral problems and changes in cognitive level in post-stroke patients., Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, encompassing consecutively hospitalized post-stroke patients. Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG) as a measure of oral health and function was assessed at admission. Primary outcomes included discharge scores for cognitive function assessed by the cognitive domain of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM-cognition) and the corresponding change in FIM-cognition during hospitalization. Another outcome measure was the motor domain of FIM (FIM-motor). Multivariate linear regression analyses were employed to assess the association between baseline ROAG and the designated outcomes, adjusting for potential confounding factors., Results: Data from 955 patients (mean age 73.2 years; 53.6% men) were included in the analysis. The median ROAG was 10 [9, 12], with 811 patients (84.9%) presenting oral problems. After fully adjusting for confounding factors, the ROAG was significantly and negatively associated with FIM-cognition at discharge (β = -0.107, p = 0.031) and FIM-cognition gain (β = -0.093, p = 0.018). Further, the ROAG was independently and negatively associated with FIM-motor at discharge (β = -0.043, p = 0.013) and FIM-motor gain (β = -0.065, p = 0.013)., Conclusion: Oral problems were associated with compromised cognitive levels and a decline in physical function during the hospitalization in post-stroke patients. These results underscore the critical importance of addressing oral health in this patient population., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There are no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The world population is rapidly aging, and depression mainly affects middle-aged and older adults with chronic diseases and cognitive impairments. The sample for this study was obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) public database. The sample size for inclusion was 12,767. There were 6,773 females and 5,994 males, with an overall low level of education. This study aims to provide a theoretical and practical reference basis for the clinical non-pharmacological treatment of depression in middle-aged and older adults (age ≥ 50 years) with chronic diseases. Additionally, the study seeks to promote the development of mental health interventions for middle-aged and older adults (age ≥ 50 years) with chronic diseases, ultimately enhancing the sense of well-being and quality of life for this demographic., Methods: Cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms of the study participants were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE) and the short version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10)., Results and Discussion: Binary logistic regression results showed that among middle-aged and older adults (age ≥ 50 years) with chronic diseases, participation in physical activity [OR = 1.397; 95% CI (1.181-1.651); p  < 0.05] was more effective than participation in social activities [OR = 0.997; 95% CI (0.924-1.076); p  < 0.05] for preventing depression. Those with cognitive impairment [OR = 1.206; 95% CI (1.089-1.335); p  < 0.05] were more likely to experience depression than those without cognitive impairment. Activity participation (physical activity and social activity) had a more significant effect on mild and moderate depression compared to no depression, and cognitive level had a more pronounced effect on moderate depression [OR = 1.491; 95% CI (1.278-1.740); p  < 0.05] and major depression [OR = 2.231; 95% CI (1.282-3.884); p  < 0.05]. Within the specific cohort of middle-aged and older adults (age ≥ 50 years) with chronic diseases, both activity participation and cognitive level exert a significant influence on the prevention and intervention of depression. Engagement in physical activity, participation in social activities, and enhanced cognitive functioning emerged as protective factors against depression. Therefore, the policy-maker should strengthen the prevention and treatment of depression in a comprehensive manner through the promotion of physical and social activities and the enhancement of cognitive level, so as to safeguard the mental health of middle-aged and older adults with chronic diseases., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Jin and Jing.)

The aim of this study was to research the effects of virtual reality and animation supported science teaching software prepared for 6th-grade systems in our body unit circulatory system subject on students’ cognitive load levels, academic success and cognitive levels. Cognitive Level Scale (CLES) and Cognitive Load Scale (CLOS) were used as data collection instrument. When the results of the study were examined, a significant difference was found between cognitive levels of students in favour of the experimental group which received virtual reality software supported teaching. At the same time, since cognitive level scale is an achievement test, a comparison was made between the groups in terms of academic achievement. Academic achievements of the students in the virtual reality software supported experimental group were significantly different and higher when compared with students in the other group. In addition, when cognitive levels of the students were examined, it was found that virtual reality supported experimental group had higher cognitive levels when compared with other groups. When the scores of cognitive load scale were examined, it was found that virtual reality supported experimental group had lower cognitive load. As a conclusion, virtual reality supported science education contributes to students’ academic achievement, their states of having higher cognitive levels and lower cognitive load.

Objective To understand community-dwelling residents' cognitive level of knowledge about Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), and to observe the influence of "Smart Doctor" system on the cognition level of community-dwelling residents. Methods To select residents form a certain community in Beijing as the object of investigation, using a self-made questionnaire to conduct a survey. Results The results showed that the residents had a relatively high level of cognition of TCM nursing, especially the knowledge related to decoction. The community residents' cognition level of “knowledge about moxibustion" was relatively insufficient (rate of incomprehension was 54. 55%). The cognitive level of residents using “Smart Doctor " system which provided by family doctors was significantly higher than that of non-users P

The Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) measures literacy achievement to map the quality of education in Indonesia with international standards. This AKM aims to identify student achievements when working on AKM questions in terms of the reading literacy process. The importance of AKM training is to improve teacher skills in developing learning frameworks that lead to students' reasoning in literacy. This study aims to determine the cognitive level of reading literacy AKM at SMK Negeri 3 Pekanbaru. This research method is content analysis with a qualitative approach. The analysis uses qualitative methods to interpret the cognitive level of the items. Based on the study results, the instrument question classification I percentage was 80% for C2 (Understanding); and 20% for C4 (Analysis). The percentage of instrument II questions is 74% for C2 (Understanding), 22% for C4 (Analysis), and 3% for C6 (Create). The cognitive level dominates the lower level, namely C2 (Understanding). While cognitive levels such as C1 (Remembering), C3 (Applying), C4 (Analyzing), C5 (Creating), and C6 (Evaluating) were found to be very few and had not even appeared in the AKM Reading Literacy question at SMK Negeri 3 Pekanbaru.

Copyright of TE & ET: Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnología en Educación y Educación en Tecnología is the property of School of Computer Science, La Pata University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aimed to determine the level of knowledge of poultry field workers in Al-Kufa City, Najaf Province with preventive practices against bird flu diseaseand its relationship to some of their personal and objective factors. A questionnaire form was adopted to collect data including two parts. The first one was related to personal and objective information of workers in poultry fields. The second one was included a cognitive level test for them, including 40 test items distributed into four areas of knowledge about bird flu as follows: bird flu disease, transmission ways of disease to human, preventive practices against the disease and types of disinfectants used in poultry fields. The study was included 722 workers in all poultry fields of Al-Kufa City and a random sample of them (15%) was applied. Results showed that the level of knowledge of poultry field workers was weak to medium and varied among knowledge areas of bird flu disease. There was a positive correlation between the cognitive level and each of academic achievement and the type of breeding, while, there was negative correlation with age and field specialization variables. Other factors such as years of work, workers number, the level of contact with preventive and indicative information sources, the distance between the field and the house and the type of birds had no significant correlation. The study was recommended the necessity of establishing indicative programs for workers in poultry fields about preventive practices and disinfectant types used against bird flu disease.

• This could be the first study to assess this association between baseline hemoglobin levels and changes in cognitive level during hospitalization in post-stroke patients. • Elevated baseline Hb levels are associated with preserved cognitive level during hospitalization and shorter hospital stays in this patient group. • Evaluating anemia at the outset serves as a crucial prognostic indicator. Evidence is scarce regarding the association between anemia and alterations in cognitive level among hospitalized older patients. We aimed to evaluate the associations between baseline hemoglobin (Hb) levels and changes in cognitive level in patients undergoing rehabilitation after stroke. A retrospective cohort study was conducted, encompassing consecutively hospitalized post-stroke patients. Data on serum Hb levels were extracted from medical records, specifically tests conducted within 24 hours of admission. Primary outcomes included discharge scores for cognitive function assessed by the cognitive domain of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM-cognition) and the corresponding change in FIM-cognition during hospitalization. Another outcome measure was the length of hospital stay. Multivariate linear regression analyses were employed to assess the association between Hb levels at admission and the designated outcomes, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Data from 955 patients (mean age 73.2 years; 53.6% men) were included in the analysis. The median Hb level at admission was 13.3 [11.9, 14.5] g/dL. After fully adjusting for confounding factors, the baseline Hb level was significantly and positively associated with FIM-cognition at discharge (β = 0.045, p = 0.025) and its gain (β = 0.073, p = 0.025). Further, the baseline Hb level was independently and negatively associated with length of hospital stay (β = -0.013, p = 0.026). Elevated baseline Hb levels are correlated with preserved cognitive level and shorter hospital stays in post-stroke patients. Evaluating anemia at the outset serves as a crucial prognostic indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media is increasingly being used to obtain timely flood information to assist flood disaster management and situational awareness. However, since data in social media are massive, redundant, and unstructured, it is tricky to intuitively and clearly obtain effective information. To automatically obtain clear flood information and deduce flood development processes from social media, the authors of this paper propose an event-based and multi-level modeling approach including a data model and two methods. Through the hierarchical division of events (division into spatial object, phase, and attribute status), the flood information structure (including time, space, topic, emotion, and disaster condition) is defined. We built an entity construction method and a development process deduction method to achieve the automatic transition from cluttered data to orderly flood development processes. Taking the flooding event of the Yangtze and Huai Rivers in 2020 as an example, we successfully obtained true flood information and development process from social media data, which verified the effectiveness of the model and methods. Meanwhile, spatiotemporal pattern mining was carried out by using entities from different levels. The results showed that the flood was from west to east and the damage level was positively correlated with the number of flood-related social media texts, especially emotional texts. In summary, through the model and methods in this paper, clear flood information and dynamic development processes can be quickly and automatically obtained, and the spatiotemporal patterns of flood entities can be examined. It is beneficial to extract timely flood information and public sentiments towards flood events in order to perform better disaster relief and post-disaster management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education (INUJFE) is the property of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To solve the problem that the current recommendation methods could not fully consider the learning objectives of learners and the dynamic uncertainty of learner′s cognitive level, a knowledge mesh recommendation method was proposed based on fuzzy rules. In the proposed method, the teaching experience of the course teacher and the learning path of the learners who had learned the course were respectively formed into each knowledge mesh. The cognitive level of the learners was determined by comprehensively considering the factors of question-making time, test difficulty and memory. The similarity between the knowledge meshes was calculated by fusing the matching degree and cognitive level, and the knowledge meshes were clustered by the fuzzy C-mean clustering method. Taking the learning paths of 15 learners as experimental data, the knowledge meshes of W1-W15 were constructed, and the fuzzy cognitive level and membership degree of W1-W15 were calculated. The knowledge mesh with the largest membership degree was optimized and combined into a new knowledge network. The experimental results show that the proposed recommendation method can recommend suitable learning paths for learners′ learning purpose and reasonably reflect learners′ cognitive process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nursing at the Vanguard / Revista Enfermería a la Vanguardia (REVAN) is the property of Revista Enfermeria a la Vanguardia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Early identification can significantly improve the prognosis of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet existing identification methods are costly, time consuming, and dependent on the manual judgment of specialists. In this study, we present a multimodal framework that fuses data on a child’s eye fixation, facial expression, and cognitive level to automatically identify children with ASD, to improve the identification efficiency and reduce costs. The proposed methodology uses an optimized random forest (RF) algorithm to improve classification accuracy and then applies a hybrid fusion method based on the data source and time synchronization to ensure the reliability of the classification results. The classification accuracy of the framework was 91%, which is higher than that of the RF, support vector machine, and discriminant analysis methods. The results suggest that data on a child’s eye fixation, facial expression, and cognitive level are useful for identifying children with ASD. Because the proposed framework can separate ASD children from typically developing (TD) children, it can facilitate the early identification of ASD and may improve intervention programs for children with ASD.

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)