Search

Preventing the initiation of cigarette smoking is a core concern for adolescents’ health in schools. Sufficient evidence has shown that one’s smoking behavior is susceptible to one’s misperception about the smoking status of proximate peers. However, the cognitive associates of the misperception remain largely uncharted. This study examines how cognitive distortion, which represents a cognitive error in information processing, associates with misperception of friends’ cigarette smoking status. The study surveyed 334 dyads of college students to assess their cognitive distortion and misperception with instruments such as the Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses revealed that cognitive distortion significantly associated with underestimation of the friend’s smoking status, especially among non-smokers. It implies reducing cognitive distortion may be useful for preventing cigarette smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global change and disturbance ecology, including the risks and benefits of wildfires for humans, sustainability of ecosystems and biodiversity, is a current research topic in applied science. Fires and their impacts are often considered in the context of climate change, carbon dioxide emissions and air pollution. Despite a significant decline in wildfires at the global scale in recent decades (cf. Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS)), it is a widespread conviction that the burned area is increasing due to global warming. In an attempt to identify how this discrepancy has arisen, we analysed IPCC reports from 2018–2023 via text mining including word frequency analyses and compared considerations about wildfires and fire weather with findings from ecology and public information on the internet. Both a negativity bias and repetition bias were identified. Numerous examples of disasters and models indicating a global increase of wildfires are composed of alarming messages. Examples of decreasing wildfires and the global decline are much less frequently communicated. Important facts are ignored, especially in summaries for policymakers. Measured against fire-ecological conditions and benefits for the nature, alarming trends and risks due to climate change are exaggerated. We therefore call for a comprising and differentiated reflection of ecological conditions and processes in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Depression is one of the mental disorders during which the patient's activities are greatly reduced. There are many psychological factors that can play a role on depression. Objectives: Present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of rumination and cognitive distortions in the relationship between body image and depression. Materials & Methods: The statistical population included the students studying at psychology course at Islamic Azad University- South Tehran branch in the first semester of 2022-2023. A total of 300 participants were selected by convenience sampling method and responded to the Beck depression inventory questionnaire, multidimensional body-self Relationship questionnaire, rumination response style scale, and cognitive distortions questionnaire. The proposed model was assessed using structural equation modeling via AMOS software. Results: The findings of this research showed that there is a significant inverse association between body image and rumination, cognitive distortion and depression. Body image, rumination, and cognitive distortions explain a total of 67% of the variance in depression. The body image is mediated by cognitive distortion (β =-0.195) and rumination (β = -0.135). Conclusion: Based on this, it is necessary to pay more attention to the role of rumination and cognitive distortions in the state of body image and exacerbation of depression. It is suggested to hold workshops in counseling and psychotherapy centers at universities in order to raise student's awareness in the field of body image dissatisfaction problems.

Exposing learners to sustainability-related topics can present affective–motivational challenges for learners, which may prompt cognitive bias. Cognitive bias directly influences how individuals perceive and process sustainability-related information, thereby also influencing sustainability-related behaviour and decision-making. Therefore, cognitive bias may also present a significant obstacle to the purposes of Environmental and Sustainability Education. Notwithstanding its potential relevance, there is no comprehensive understanding of how cognitive bias is currently addressed in Environmental and Sustainability Education. This review scopes scientific literature that addresses cognitive bias in Environmental and Sustainability education, based on SCOPUS, Web of Science and ERIC. We identified 21 articles that matched our search criteria. We identified four superordinate categories of cognitive bias that were addressed in the literature, including bounded rationality, confirmation bias, self-enhancement and ambiguity aversion. Moreover, we distinguished three perspectives from which cognitive bias is discussed in the literature: (i) education to mitigate bias associated with sustainability-related matters, (ii) bias as a barrier to Environmental and Sustainability Education and (iii) bias at the research-paradigm level. The list of identified biases provides evidence that cognitive bias may play an important role in Environmental and Sustainability Education scholarship and practices, which suggests that more research on this topic is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Organ transplantation is a critical, life-saving technique for individuals suffering from end-stage organ failure. Human organs are obtained from brain dead donors following the pronouncement of cardiac death, or from living donors. Among the numerous kinds of organ transplants, living donor liver transplantation stands out. Objective: To evaluate living donors' cognitive distortion regarding perioperative anesthetic concerns and anesthesiologists. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study included 120 living donors and was carried out at the National Liver Institute Hospital, during the period of the study. Results: There was significant relation among knowledge of donor regarding types of anesthesia with sex, operative history, job, education, marital status, the relation of the donor to recipient, the reason for donation, donor concern regarding problem in anesthesia, knowledge of donor about years or faculty of anesthetist, donor concern regarding preference of male-female anesthetist, fear of long hospital stay, fear of anesthesia and surgery, intraoperative awareness, disclosing personal matter, attendance of the anesthetist of the whole operation, fear of needles, fear of nausea and vomiting, knowledge of donor about the importance of preoperative visit, and donor concern if the liver will grow again (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although most donors made the decision to donate by themselves, and they looked strong and committed in their decision, a large proportion of donors were concerned about potential problems of organ donation and the implications on their life afterward. A specific and rigorous psychosocial evaluation methodology is required to assist and safeguard their decision before and after donation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on cognitive distortions in adolescents living in difficult family situations. Methods: The current study utilized a semi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, involving random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups. Forty-five abused teenage girls from abusive homes in Mahabad city were selected. They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people each) and a control group (15 people). All subjects completed the Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire developed by Beck and Weissman (1987). The experimental groups received therapy sessions based on ACT by Efort and Forsis (2009) and CFT by Gilbert (2009), while the control group did not receive any intervention. The collected data were analyzed using mixed-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS version 27. Results: The results indicated no significant difference between the effectiveness of ACT and CFT. Both therapies were found to have a positive and significant impact on reducing cognitive distortions in the participants. Conclusions: The findings suggest that both ACT and CFT are effective therapeutic approaches in reducing cognitive distortions in adolescents from difficult family backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to develop two pictorial tools for assessing the attitudes of Taiwanese male senior high school students with intellectual disabilities toward sexually offensive behavior, focusing on cognitive distortion and victim empathy. A total of 181 male high school students at special education schools participated in this study. The validity and reliability were examined using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. For the cognitive distortion scale, 18 items grouped into three factors, rationalization, denial, and victim blaming, and explained 69.72% of the variance; for the victim empathy scale, 12 items grouped into two factors, the victim's feelings when the offensive behavior is perpetrated by another, and the victim's feelings when the offensive behavior is perpetrated by oneself, and explained 68.00% of the variance. The reliability was.96 for the cognitive distortion scale and.93 for the victim empathy scale. In conclusion, the two scales developed in this research were found to be reliable and valid tools for evaluating male students' attitudes toward sexually offensive behavior, and can also be used as reference material for courses in sex education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between innovativeness and cognitive ability in rhinoplasty candidates with the mediating role of cognitive distortion via the Bootstrap approach. Method: The correlation research method was path analysis. The statistical population included all rhinoplasty candidates in Iran from August 2022 until May 2023. In this study, 320 people who were candidates for cosmetic rhinoplasty were selected via the available method. They completed the Innovativeness Questionnaire (1990), the Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire (2013), and the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale (2004) through Google form due to the Covid-19 outbreak. For data analysis, SPSS-21 and Amos software were used. Results: The results showed that innovativeness had a direct effect on cognitive ability (t=2.52; ß=0.60) and cognitive distortion (t=2.09; ß=0.45), but cognitive distortion had an inverse effect on cognitive ability (t =1.99; ß=-0.40). The bootstrap test results indicated that cognitive distortion had a negative role as a mediator between innovativeness and cognitive ability. Conclusion: By examining the underlying cognitive and psychological factors of a tendency to rhinoplasty, it is suggested that cognitive interventions should be conducted on all candidates for cosmetic surgeries to prevent unnecessary rhinoplasty candidates by creating modified cognitive schemas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cognitive distortion scale (CDS) is a self-rated measure to assess the degree of cognitive distortion which is 10 thinking errors commonly seen in depression. However, there is no scale to measure 10 types cognitive distortions specific to depression in Japan. Therefore, this study translated the CDS into Japanese (CDS-J), and examined its factor structure, validity, and reliability in a Japanese population. A total of 237 healthy individuals and 39 individuals with depression participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the appropriateness of the CDS-J's 10-factor structure. Regarding convergent validity, CDS-J was significantly correlated with dysfunctional attitudes, negative automatic thoughts, and depression. Regarding discriminant validity, the CDS-J showed no significant correlation with positive automatic thoughts. The total CDS-J scores of the healthy participants and of those with major depression were compared. The results showed significant differences between groups. Finally, the CDS-J was found to have a high test--retest reliability. Therefore, the CDS-J is a valid and reliable tool for assessing cognitive distortions in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at investigating the intentional behavior of divorce decision according to the determents of the theory of planned behavior, and its relation to the emotional stability and some of cognitive distortion types (emotional deprivation thought – undeveloped self-thought – alienation) on divorce decision. The sample includes 195 marriage’s participants, clients of family counseling department, Ministry of Justice, from all Kuwait governorates. Three scales were applied, questionnaires of Kuwait university for divorce decision, emotional stability checklist, and three subscales of cognitive distortions battery. The result showed that the ability of the theory of planned behavior to predict and explain the intention of divorce decision. The results showed a positive correlation between the intentional behavior of divorce decision and the emotional stability, and a negative correlation between the intentional behavior of divorce decision and types of cognitive distortion. On the other hand, the result showed that there was a positive correlation between all determinants of the theory of planned behavior and emotional stability. Also, there was a negative correlation between the subjective norm determinant and cognitive distortion types (emotional deprivation, undeveloped self, alienation). The results also showed that women had intentional behavior of divorce more than men. There were not statistical differences of intention behavior according to, educational levels, age, marriage duration, children. Those with emotional stability had an ability to predict the intentional behavior of divorce decision, also they had the ability to predict attitude determinate, as one of the intentional behavior determents. last of all, the results showed that the emotional deprivation thought, as one of the cognitive distortions, had an ability to predict of subjective norm, as a determent of intentional behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The war in Ukraine is our reality, many are confused by the question why the war became possible? All wars are unique and they are all similar to each other. The anthropology of evil tries to find an answer to this question. First, who is the analytical evil mastermind behind its inception? Who stands behind him, supports him and goes to fulfill all orders? If the country’s leadership trained its population and soldiers for many years in a total culture of violence, humiliation, hierarchy, then they will behave the same way with the enemy on the battlefield. Unfortunately, we are witnessing such a situation in the current war between Russia and Ukraine: the army of a country in which human rights are of no importance will not adhere to the rules of warfare and international conventions. But history confirms that someday there will be an end to the war, and after the war, one way or another, there will be a period called reconciliation. There are many nuances here, but reconciliation begins with repentance — without repentance, reconciliation is impossible, just like without punishment of the guilty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Social anxiety disorder is a prevalent and persistent psychological disorder that is characterized by an intense fear of negative judgment from others, leading to avoidance of social interactions. This study compared the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in reducing SAD symptoms, including cognitive distortions, rumination, and anxiety sensitivity, in adolescents diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Methods: The study was semi-experimental, with a pre-test and post-test design featuring a control group. The research sample comprised 45 adolescents diagnosed with SAD, who were recruited from psychological service offices in Bukan City, Iran, between April 4th, 2022, and September 6th, 2022. Fifteen adolescents were assigned to the first experimental group, 15 to the second experimental group, and 15 to the control group. The subjects were selected using the purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. CBT (12 sessions) and ACT (8 sessions) were implemented in two sessions per week for the experimental groups. Each session lasted for an hour. The control group did not receive any intervention. The participants completed the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) (2000), the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) (2003), and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) (1978). The data of the research were analyzed using the analysis of variance test using SPSS software, version 23 and a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed that CBT and ACT have a significant effect on cognitive distortions and rumination in adolescents (P<0.001). Also, there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of CBT and ACT on cognitive distortions and rumination in adolescents (P>0.05). The mean±standard deviation (SD) difference before (54.76±13.88) and after (49.51±13.42) the rumination in the CBT group was significant (P<0.001). The mean±SD difference before (98.32±7.44) and after (83.90±7.77) the cognitive distortions in the CBT group was significant (P<0.001). The mean±SD difference before (52.33±14.78) and after (47.73±14.23) the rumination in the ACT group was significant (P<0.001). Also, the mean±SD difference before (98.70±7.02) and after (85.13±6.83) the cognitive distortion in the ACT group was significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that CBT and ACT can be considered in cognitive distortions and rumination in adolescents with SAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this research was to examine the causal connections between parents' levels of perfectionism, forgiveness, cognitive distortions, and self-compassion. A relational research approach was used to investigate the associations between variables and forecast potential results, while structural equation modelling was employed to illustrate how different factors are believed to be structurally connected to each other. The study included 384 parents living in the northern part of Cyprus who completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, the Cognitive Distortions in Relationships Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale, and a personal information form for demographic data. Results showed a positive correlation between the scores on the Self-Compassion Scale and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, including self-directed perfectionism, perfectionism towards others, and socially perceived perfectionism. The structural equation model indicated that there was a statistically significant and positive association between the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, and Self-Compassion Scale scores. Furthermore, it predicted a statistically significant and negative association with the scores on the Cognitive Distortions in Relationships Scale.

Objective: To understand the psychological experience of inpatients with depression before suicide attempt two weeks ago, explore their cognitive characteristics, and provide evidence for the assessment and intervention of patients with depression with high suicide risk. Methods: Individual in-depth interviews were conducted among 22 patients with depression who attempted suicide during the past 2 weeks. The subjects were admitted to a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Beijing from March 2021 to December 2021. Colaizzi 7-step analysis was used as a context analysis. Results: The negative feeling of patients with depression before suicide attempt was enhanced, and the sense of social connectedness was reduced. The cognitive distortions of self, death and disease were common among these patients, and particularly their white-or-black thinking was prominent. Conclusion: In clinical practice. special attention should be paid to patients with depression who exhibit strong negative feelings, extreme cognitive distortion and low sense of social connectedness, and targeted psychological intervention measures should be con- ducted among the patients to reduce their suicide risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the concept of cognitive distortion has increased from year to year, especially in the areas of mental health and emotional disorders such as depression, anxiety disorder, stress disorder, and others. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the topic of interest and establish a network of cooperation to expand research toward integrated efforts. Bibliometric analysis was performed using Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny software packages on academic articles indexed on the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. Search criteria were applied, initially resulting in a total of 1,834 articles published between 1950 and 2021. The study pattern focuses on publication output, affiliated countries, co-authors, and the occurrence of author keywords. The findings of this study provide an overview of notable topics in cognitive distortion analytics through a quantitative analysis featuring tables, graphs, and maps. It also identifies the key performance indicators to produce articles and their citations. Studies show an increase in this field globally, especially since 2008 onwards. The data reveals that publications from the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada accounted for more than 50% of total number of publications in this field. This study indicates a global research pattern related to cognitive distortion, which may be useful for researchers, individuals, or policymakers to harness the existing potential and create opportunities for future research development. Plain Language Summary: Worldwide Research on Cognitive Distortion This bibliometric study aims to indicates a global research pattern related to cognitive distortion that focuses on publication output, affiliated countries, co-authors and the occurrence of author keywords. Bibliometric analysis was performed using Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny software packages on academic articles from 1950 to 2021 indexed on the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. 1834 articles were discovered, and research findings showed that rapid publishing growth has occurred especially since 2008 onwards and is expected to continue to increase. It was revealed that Psychology, Psychiatry, Medicine, Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities, Social Criminology, Substance abuse and Neuroscience were categories or areas that frequently featured in articles regarding cognitive distortion. The data reveals that publications from the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada accounted for more than 50% of total number of publications in this field. This study reveals a worldwide research trend on cognitive distortion, which may be useful for researchers, individuals, or policymakers to harness the existing potential and create opportunities for future research development. In addition to the contributions, this study does have some limitations. First, the only databases used to generate data were Scopus and WoS. Second, the researchers did not use keywords related to the dimensions or types of cognitive distortion. Third, the researchers did not use keywords that have the same meaning as cognitive distortion such as cognitive error or cognitive bias and fourth, only studies published in the form of journal articles were included in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gambling addiction was the first addictive behavior not related to substance use that was recognized by the DSM-5. It shares diagnostics and comorbidity with other addictions. Extensive studies have investigated the clinical variables involved, but there have been fewer studies of related cognitive and social variables. In this research, an integrative model was developed to advance the understanding of gambling addiction, and an explanatory model was created based on the concept of cognitive distortions. Methods: The sample comprised 258 university students (59.5% women) with a mean age of 20.95 years (SD = 2.19). A series of questionnaires were administered to measure gambling addiction, depression, coping with stress, prosocial behavior, susceptibility to priming and cognitive distortions about gambling. In addition, correlations, multiple linear regressions and a simple mediation model of these variables were analyzed. Results: The results indicated that gambling addiction was correlated with a variety of clinical, social and cognitive factors. These factors contributed to a model that predicted 16.8% of the variance in gambling addiction and another model using cognitive distortions as a predictor and the maximum bet as a mediator that predicted 34.5% of the variance. Conclusions: The study represents an advance by developing a theoretical model from an integrative perspective and providing a new explanatory model. The findings of this research are of great importance in the development of prevention and intervention programs for gambling addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression is characterized by different forms of overgeneralization that are all assumed to play a causal role in the development and course of depression. Methods: We examined, in a community sample of over 625 individuals, whether these different forms of overgeneralization are correlated and whether they are prospective predictors of depression at 6-month follow-up. Results: Negative overgeneralization to the self and across situations—two types of overgeneralized thinking processes—were significantly but weakly related, but neither of them was related to overgeneral memory—a memory-based form of overgeneralization. Overgeneralization to the self and overgeneral memory both predicted depression symptoms at follow-up. Further, two and three-way interactions indicated that higher levels of overgeneralization processes interact to predict depressive symptoms. Overgeneralization to the self and overgeneral memory both independently predicted probable recurrence of a major depressive episode during the follow-up period in individuals that formerly experienced depression. Conclusions: Findings suggest that overgeneralization in depression is not a unitary construct and that different overgeneralization processes play independent and interacting roles in the course of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to examine the causal connections between parents' levels of perfectionism, forgiveness, cognitive distortions, and self-compassion. A relational research approach was used to investigate the associations between variables and forecast potential results, while structural equation modelling was employed to illustrate how different factors are believed to be structurally connected to each other. The study included 384 parents living in the northern part of Cyprus who completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, the Cognitive Distortions in Relationships Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale, and a personal information form for demographic data. Results showed a positive correlation between the scores on the Self-Compassion Scale and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, including self-directed perfectionism, perfectionism towards others, and socially perceived perfectionism. The structural equation model indicated that there was a statistically significant and positive association between the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, and Self-Compassion Scale scores. Furthermore, it predicted a statistically significant and negative association with the scores on the Cognitive Distortions in Relationships Scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Adolescents are among the vulnerable groups against suicide, many of them have dysfunctional attitudes, cognitive errors, and inconsistent moral problems. Therefore, it is important to know the antecedents of this problem. The present study aimed to investigate the structural model of suicide prevention based on cognitive distortion and perceived social support with the mediation of moral identity in adolescents. Methods: The current research is a theoretical research and its design was descriptivecorrelation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all ninth grade female students of Takestan city with an average age of 15 years who study in the schools of Takestan city in the academic year of 1400-1401. The sample size to test the hypotheses was determined by referring to Klein's (2015) strategy for studies that use the structural equation modeling method. That is, the minimum ratio of the sample size for each observed variable is 5 people, the ratio of 10 people for each variable is more suitable and the ratio of 20 people for each variable is considered desirable; Therefore, in the present study, using available sampling method, a sample size of 300 participants was considered. Research tools included: Revised Suicide Questionnaire (SBQ-R), Fleming et al.'s scale of perceived social support (1982), Abdullahzadeh and Salar's Cognitive Distortion Scale (2009) and Aquino and Reed's Moral Identity Questionnaire (2002). Results: The results of the correlation test showed that there is a positive and direct correlation between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendencies, and there is a significant negative relationship between perceived social support and moral identity and suicidal tendencies. The value of the standardized factor load for all questions is more than 0.4, and considering that all the significance numbers (CR) between the items and the relevant latent variables are more than 1.96 and their significance level is less than the error level of 0.05. is, it can be said that the validity of the measurement structures of the relevant variables is confirmed at the significance level of 0.05. The results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient are also given for all research variables and as it can be seen, the value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient of all variables is more than 0.7. Also, in the factor analysis model, the chi-square value for the degree of freedom is 1.309 and less than 3. Also, the root mean square error estimate (RMSEA) is equal to 0.032 and less than 0.08. Also, the comparative fit index (CFI), incremental fit index (IFI) and goodness of fit index (GFI) have all been calculated at a suitable level. Therefore, in general and according to the calculated indicators, it is possible to conclude the optimal fit of the model. The value of the critical statistic (CR) between the perceived social support and the cognitive distortion with the tendency to commit suicide has exceeded the borderline limit of 1.96, and the significance level of the test in this regard is equal to 0.000 and less than 0.05. Therefore, it can be stated that the existence of the relationship between perceived social support and the tendency to commit suicide is confirmed with a probability of 95%. Because the coefficient of the standard path between these two variables is positive and equal to -0.237, it can be said that with an increase of one standard deviation in the perceived social support, we will see a decrease in the tendency to commit suicide by -0.237 standard deviation. Therefore, there is a significant and inverse relationship between perceived social support and suicidal tendencies. On the other hand, the standard path coefficient between these two variables is positive and equal to 0.134, and with an increase of one standard deviation in cognitive distortion, we will see an increase in the tendency to commit suicide by 0.134 standard deviations. Therefore, it can be said that there is a significant and direct relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency. In order to investigate the mediating role of moral identity between the independent variable (social support) and the dependent variable (suicidal tendency), Baron and Kenny's test showed that in the first stage and primary model, which only considered the relationship between social support and suicidal tendency, this relationship It is significant and its path coefficient is estimated as -0.381. In the next stage, the mediating variable (moral identity) is entered into the model and is placed between the two variables of social support and suicidal tendency. The path coefficient between these two variables has decreased from -0.381 to -0.237 and is statistically significant. Therefore, the role of the moral identity variable is partial mediation and the fifth hypothesis of the research is confirmed with 95% probability and according to the collected data. Also, regarding the mediating role of moral identity in the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency in the first stage and the initial model that only considered the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency, this relationship was significant and its path coefficient was estimated as 0.304. In the next stage, the mediating variable (moral identity) is included in the model and is placed between the two variables of cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency. The path coefficient between these two variables has decreased from 0.304 to 0.134 and is statistically significant. Therefore, the mediating role of moral identity in the mentioned relationship was confirmed. Conclusion: The results confirmed the significant relationship between perceived social support and suicide tendency on the one hand and cognitive distortion with suicide on the other hand, and moral identity also plays a mediating role in the relationship between these components. Therefore, it is suggested that the training of skills to strengthen social protection and recognize distorted thoughts, along with paying attention to a rich moral identity and in order to prevent issues related to suicide, especially among teenage students, should be considered important by the authorities of schools and the country, and should be on the agenda. They should be placed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'objectif de cette étude était de présenter les propriétés psychométriques de l'Échelle de Distorsions Cognitives pour Adultes (EDC-A) ainsi que de repérer les distorsions cognitives mesurées par cette échelle et associées au niveau d'anxiété et de dépression. Notre étude a été menée auprès de 916 personnes (18–85 ans) issues de la population générale. Les participants ont répondu à l'EDC-A et à la Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). L'EDC-A présente une structure factorielle cohérente et chaque sous-dimension des distorsions obtient des alphas de Cronbach supérieurs à.65. L'anxiété et la dépression sont liées à la présence de distorsions cognitives dans le raisonnement. Les sujets dépressifs ont un répertoire de distorsions cognitives plus large que les anxieux. L'EDC-A a permis de repérer des différences dans le traitement de l'information entre l'anxiété et la dépression. La dépression est liée à un traitement biaisé global des informations négatives mais aussi positives, tandis que l'anxiété est liée à un traitement biaisé uniquement des informations négatives. Cognitive distortions contribute to the maintenance of inappropriate cognitive schemas and play a role in the emergence of pathologies such as anxiety and depression. We developed the Cognitive Distortion Scale for Adults in order to identify distortions in individuals' reasoning. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to study the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Distortion Scale for Adults, (2) to identify cognitive distortions associated with anxiety and depression in the general population. The study involved 916 participants (151 men and 765 women) aged 18 to 85-years. The participants completed the Cognitive Distortion Scale for Adults. The tool presents 42 mini scenarios with a daily life situation and a proposition concerning a cognitive distortion. Participants must give their degree of agreement (0 to 10) with this one. Seven cognitive distortions are operationalized (dichotomous reasoning, disqualification of one of the poles, arbitrary focusing, omission of the neutral, requalification in the other pole, maximization and minimization). They also completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Both scales were available online on the Internet. The total duration of the test was approximately 10 minutes. A group of 35 participants completed the two scale 15 days apart. The sub-dimensions of EDC-A obtain Cronbach alphas higher than.65 and EDC-A has a coherent factor structure. The scale has good temporal stability. Anxiety is predicted by dichotomous reasoning, disqualification of one of the poles, arbitrary focusing and maximization. Depression is predicted by dichotomous reasoning, arbitrary focusing, omission of the neutral and requalification in the other pole. Anxiety and depression are associated with negative cognitive distortions in reasoning. However, depression is also associated with positive cognitive distortions. Subjects with depression produce more varied cognitive distortions than subjects with anxiety. The Cognitive Distortion Scale for Adults shows promising psychometric properties. Further studies will need to be conducted to confirm these results. Anxiety would be related to biased information treatment of negative information, whereas depression would be related to more comprehensive biased information treatment, both negative and positive information. Anxiety would be related to suboptimal functioning of reasoning abilities; depression would be more characterized by a structural deficit of reasoning abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans tend to misrepresent spatial information which leads to systematic errors due to distorted organizational processes regarding metric and positional judgments. This study is aimed at analyzing metric and positional distortions in cognitive maps by using external representations, namely sketch maps, in two experiments with young participants. In the first experiment, we use the sketching area of Northern Europe. In the second experiment, the University campus area was used. The first aim was to test the hypothesis that the presence of the sea between the triplet of landmarks generates an overestimation of the distances between them in the case of Northern Europe; and to test the hypothesis that the number of turns in a route influences the overestimation of the distance between landmarks in the case of the campus area. The second aim was to investigate alignment and rotation errors using the same maps. Concerning metric errors, the results showed the overestimation of distances with a geographical gap between the cities (the sea in the Northern European Area), and those with more turns between landmarks (the campus area). The results concerning rotations and alignments were in line with the previous research about positional errors. The present study extended findings on distortions in spatial mental representation as emerging from verbal judgments, to sketch maps: direct visuospatial external representations eluding the conversion into verbal coding of spatial information. The presence of distortions in cognitive maps could be considered the consequence of the encoding of spatial information.

Drug addiction is a serious social ill that has no ending. Statistics by National AntiDrug Agency (NADA) revealed that there is a significant increase in the number of drug addicts which predominated by males from the age group of 20 to 40 years. Undeniably, this problem is also common among underage teens. Although voluminious researches have explained about the potential factors for drug addiction, however, comparison of psychological factors according to the severity of drug addiction is remain underexplored. Therefore, this study aims to ascertain the drug addiction severity level as well as the differences in psychological factors according to severity levels among drug addicts in Malaysia. A quantitative research using a cross-sectional survey research design involving 300 drug addicts from 10 NADA Districts from Peninsular Malaysia was conducted. PsychoADDICT questionnaire which comprised of four Malay validated instruments were used to measure personality traits, cognitive distortion, self-control and severity of drug addiction. One-way ANOVA analysis was employed to ascertain the differences in psychological factors according to drug addiction severity levels (low, moderate and high). Findings showed that personality traits (Impulsive Sensation Seeking, Aggressiveness-Hostility, and Neuroticism-Anxiety), Cognitive Distortion and Self-control were significantly differ according to the levels of drug addiction severity. Post-hoc Tukey analysis was carried out to identify the significant pairs. Only Activity and Sociability personality traits were not significant according to the drug addiction severity levels. It is anticipated the findings of this study are very beneficial to development of intervention modules to treat and rehabilitate the drug addicts as well as at-risk teens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is carried out in the pre test-post test, control group and semi-experimental design to detect effect of metacognitive training applied on depression and cognitive distortion levels of depression patients. Total of 77 patients diagnosed with depression, including 38 experimental and 39 control groups, compose the sample of the study. The data were collected by 'Personal Information Form', 'Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)' and 'Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS)'. Metacognition training was applied once a week as a group training as a total of 8 sessions. In the pre-test, no significant difference was observed in the experimental and control groups in terms of the mean scores of BDI and CDS (p > 0.05). In the post-test, it was determined that the mean scores of BDI and CDS were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In intra-group comparisons, the mean scores of mid-test and post-test BDI and CDS of the patients in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the pre-test (p < 0.05). In the intra-group comparisons of the control group, while the mean scores of BDI decreased significantly in the post-test (p < 0.05), there was no significant different in the mean scores of the CDS (p > 0.05). It was determined that metacognition training was effective in decreasing depression and cognitive distortion levels of patients. It is recommended that metacognition training is applied by mental health professionals in the treatment of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online learning has begun to take place in Indonesia since March 2020 simultaneously in all educational institutions due to the outbreak of the Covid-19 outbreak. Sudden changes make it difficult for students to process information and lead to various patterns of thinking errors which are known as cognitive distortions. This study aims to reveal the patterns of cognitive distortions that students have during the online lectures. The research design used is a phenomenological qualitative design. Analysis of cognitive distortions was collected through in-depth interviews and document studies to 8 Banjar ethnic students. The results of the study found that there were 3 cognitive distortions, namely: (1) catastrophizing; (2) all-or-nothing thinking; and (3) should statements. The effects of these cognitive distortions include feeling lazy, bored, afraid, uncomfortable, drowsy, shaking, and heart palpitations. In the context of student behavior, students also tend to neglect lectures, access social media, sleep, and go to hang out with friends. Further research is needed to explore student’s cognitive distortions in post-Covid-19 pandemic situation or with diverse populations.

Background: Postpartum Depression (PPD) may affect mother-infant attachment and other family relationships, and may even threaten the safety and health of mother, infant and other children. Despite the relative efficacy of most cognitive therapy methods in controlling or reducing the symptoms of PPD, their application has faced many shortcomings due to a lack of explanation of the main cause of the disorder and deficiency in providing appropriate treatment strategies. Also, less research has been done on the effect of detached mindfulness-based metacognitive therapy on meta-worry, cognitive distortion, and other symptoms of PPD. Aims: The present study aimed to determine the efficacy of metacognitive therapy based on detached mindfulness on reducing meta-worry and interpersonal cognitive distortion in women with PPD. Methods: This research was conducted by quasi-experimental method using a two-group pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of the study was all women referred to Golestan Urban Health Center in Ardabil City from 2018 to 2019. Sampling method was convenience sampling. Using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (1996) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (1987), 40 people were selected (20 in experimental group and 20 in control group). Then, for the experimental group, the protocol of detached mindfulness-based metacognitive therapy was performed during 8 sessions in Golestan Urban Health Center in Ardabil City, and the results were analyzed based on meta-worry and interpersonal cognitive distortion scales by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The results showed that in the experimental group the average posttest scores of meta-worry and interpersonal cognitive distortion were significantly different from the control group. In other words, after therapeutic intervention meta-worry (F = 317.62; P = 0.001

Background & Aims: Adolescents are among the vulnerable groups against suicide, many of them have dysfunctional attitudes, cognitive errors, and inconsistent moral problems. Therefore, it is important to know the antecedents of this problem. Therefore, the current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural model of suicide based on resilience and cognitive distortion with the mediation of moral identity in adolescents. Methods: The current research is a theoretical research and its design was descriptivecorrelation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all ninth grade female students of Takestan city with an average age of 15 years who study in the schools of Takestan city in the academic year of 1400-1401. The sample size to test the hypotheses was determined by referring to Klein's (2015) strategy for studies that use the structural equation modeling method. That is, the minimum ratio of the sample size for each observed variable is 5 people, the ratio of 10 people for each variable is more suitable and the ratio of 20 people for each variable is considered desirable; Therefore, in the present study, using available sampling method, a sample size of 300 participants was considered. Research tools included: Revised Suicide Questionnaire (SBQ-R), Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (2003), Abdullahzadeh and Salar's Cognitive Distortion Scale (2009) and Aquino and Reed's Moral Identity Questionnaire (2002). Results: The findings showed that the standardized factor loading for all questions is more than 0.4. It can be said that the validity of the measurement structures of the relevant variables is confirmed at a significance level of 0.05. The value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient of all variables is more than 0.7. Further, in order to confirm the factor analysis model and document the obtained results, it is necessary that the fit indices of the model are acceptable. The following table shows the indicators used along with their values. In the factor analysis model, the chi-square value for the degree of freedom is 1.309 and less than 3. Also, the value of the root mean square error estimate (RMSEA) is equal to 0.032 and less than 0.08. Also, Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Incremental Fit Index (IFI) and Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) have all been calculated at a reasonable level. Therefore, in general and according to the calculated indices, it is possible to conclude the optimal fit of the model. Also, in the research model, the chi-square value of the degree of freedom is 1.485 and smaller than 3. Also, the value of the root mean square error estimate (RMSEA) is equal to 0.040 and less than 0.08. The comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit index (GFI) and incremental fit index (IFI) are equal to 0.96, 0.86 and 0.96, respectively, and all of them are at a very favorable level, so the model shows a good fit and is approved. The findings showed that the existence of a relationship between resilience and suicide tendency is confirmed with a probability of 95%. Because the standard path coefficient between these two variables is positive and equal to -0.149.Therefore, it can be said that there is a significant and inverse relationship between resilience and the tendency to commit suicide. On the other hand, the existence of a relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendencies is confirmed with a probability of 95%. Because the standard path coefficient between these two variables is positive and equal to 0.134. Therefore, it can be said that there is a significant and direct relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendencies. In order to investigate the mediating role of moral identity between the independent (resilience) and dependent (suicidal) variables, Baron and Kenny's test was used. According to the conceptual model of the research, in addition to the direct relationship between resilience and suicidal tendency, its indirect relationship can also be obtained through the mediating variable of moral identity. Based on the findings in the first stage and the initial model, which considered only the relationship between resilience and suicidal tendencies, this relationship is significant and its path coefficient is estimated as -0.340. In the next step, the mediating variable (moral identity) is entered into the model and is placed between the two variables of resilience and tendency to commit suicide. The path coefficient between these two variables has decreased from -0.340 to -0.149 and is statistically significant. Therefore, it can be said that the mediation of moral identity in the relationship between resilience and suicidal tendency is confirmed. Also, the investigation of the mediating role of moral identity in the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicide was determined. In the first stage and the initial model, which only considered the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicide tendency, this relationship was significant and its path coefficient was estimated as 0.304. In the next step, the mediator variable (moral identity) is entered into the model and is placed between the two variables of cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency. The path coefficient between these two variables has decreased from 0.304 to 0.134 and is statistically significant. Therefore, it can be said that the mediation of moral identity in the relationship between cognitive distortion and suicidal tendency is confirmed. Conclusion: The results confirmed the significant relationship between resilience and tendency to commit suicide on the one hand and cognitive distortion with suicide on the other hand, and moral identity also plays a mediating role in the relationship between these components. Therefore, it is suggested that teaching resilience skills and recognizing distorted thoughts, along with paying attention to a rich moral identity and in order to prevent issues related to suicide, especially among teenage students, should be considered important by the school authorities and the country and should be on their agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention program for developing positive thinking skills and its impact on improving psychological immunity and reducing cognitive distortion among university students. The research sample consisted of (24) female students of the second grade of Educational Psychology Dept., Women's Faculty - Ain Shams University, their ages ranged from (19: 20) years, with an average age of (18.33), and a standard deviation of (0.701). The researchers used the quasiexperimental approach. The research tools were the positive thinking skills, psychological immunity, cognitive distortion scales & the training program (prepared by the researchers). The results have shown the presence of statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group members on the research variables: positive thinking skills, psychological immunity & cognitive distortion in favor of the postmeasurement, statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental and the control group in the post-measurement on the research variables: positive thinking skills, psychological immunity & cognitive distortion in favor of the experimental group, but there were no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group in the post and follow-up measurements on the research variables: positive thinking skills, psychological immunity & cognitive distortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Far from being a monolithic approach to psychotherapy, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is in fact an umbrella term to describe a family of psychological therapies that share many common features but also have nuanced differences. Of the CBTs, two are often conflated under the 'CBT' moniker, namely cognitive therapy (CT) and rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT). In this article, we explore some of the key differences and similarities between CT and REBT, touching on philosophy, practical implementation, and literature. We provide a brief hypothetical case study to demonstrate the different ways a therapist using CT and REBT might tackle the same client problem. We do not declare either approach superior, but suggest each might have their advantages in certain contexts and acknowledge that skilful practitioners could, and often do, integrate both approaches. As CBT continues to evolve and move into new areas, it is important that psychology practitioners and researchers are clear about which specific approach to CBT they are delivering, measuring and/or reporting on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychologia is the property of Universidad de San Buenaventura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Humans tend to misrepresent spatial information which leads to systematic errors due to distorted organizational processes regarding metric and positional judgments. This study is aimed at analyzing metric and positional distortions in cognitive maps by using external representations, namely sketch maps, in two experiments with young participants. In the first experiment, we use the sketching area of Northern Europe. In the second experiment, the University campus area was used. The first aim was to test the hypothesis that the presence of the sea between the triplet of landmarks generates an overestimation of the distances between them in the case of Northern Europe; and to test the hypothesis that the number of turns in a route influences the overestimation of the distance between landmarks in the case of the campus area. The second aim was to investigate alignment and rotation errors using the same maps. Concerning metric errors, the results showed the overestimation of distances with a geographical gap between the cities (the sea in the Northern European Area), and those with more turns between landmarks (the campus area). The results concerning rotations and alignments were in line with the previous research about positional errors. The present study extended findings on distortions in spatial mental representation as emerging from verbal judgments, to sketch maps: direct visuospatial external representations eluding the conversion into verbal coding of spatial information. The presence of distortions in cognitive maps could be considered the consequence of the encoding of spatial information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narcissism is a complex trait that reflects exceptional self-centeredness and social selfishness and is associated with negative social consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of narcissism with respect to the predictive role of childhood trauma and cognitive distortion. The research design was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population included students of Urmia universities in the first semester of the academic year 2020-2021 that 285 students were selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method and in order to collect information on self-obsessed and child personality assessment tools Noorbakhsh harassment and cognitive distortions complemented Abdullahzadeh and Salar. The results of correlation coefficients showed that narcissism has a positive and significant relationship with childhood trauma and cognitive distortion. Also, the results of using multiple regression analysis showed that narcissism is significantly explained by childhood trauma and cognitive distortion and cognitive distortion has the highest predictive power for narcissism. The findings of this study suggest that childhood trauma and cognitive distortion can play an important role in the etiology of narcissism.

The article presents the results the clinical aspiration for superiority, which suggests: the constant aspiration to dominate in competitive struggle and achieve performance results that surpass the performance of other people or groups of people, the dependence of self-esteem on success in moving towards a goal, the implementation of which gives an advantage over competitors; the ignoring the negative consequences of competitive struggle - conflicts, emotional burnout, psychosomatization and the actualization of the feeling of envy. It was shown tat ciclic model of clinical aspiration for hubristic superiority consisits of the 1) dependence of self-esteem on the achievement of superiority over others, 2) choosing a goal to achieve superiority, 3) object selection for comparison / competitiveness, 4) nonflexible standards for achieving superiority - "rules of competitiveness", caused by 5) cognitive distortions and 6) behavior, associated with competitiveness and achievements giving the opportunity to compare themselves with others, 7) achieving or nonachieving superiority or refusal of comparison or competitive struggle, which lead to 8) narcissistic senses. This model considers as the base of cognitive-behavioral therapy of clinical aspiration for hubristic superiority.

Nowadays, adolescents would like to share their daily lives via social media platforms, which presents an excellent opportunity for us to leverage these data to develop techniques to measure their mental health status, such as depression. Previous researches focus on the more accurate detection of depression through statistical learning and ignore psychological understanding of depression. However, psychologists have given lots of theoretical evidence for depression. Such as according to cognitive psychology research, cognitive distortions will result in depression. Thus, in this study, we propose a new task, explainable depression detection, to not only automatically detect depression but also try to give clues to depression based on cognitive distortion theory. For this purpose, we construct a multi-task learning model based on a pre-trained model to detect depression and identify cognitive distortion. And we use many analytical means including word clouds for data analysis to draw our conclusion. Previous social media users' depression corpus and our cognitive distortion corpus are utilized for analysis and experiment. Our experimental results outperform the baseline results and interesting conclusions about adolescent depression are drawn.

Dichotomous thinking is a propensity for individuals to understand events as opposites, in a binary way. There are currently two inventories that accurately measure this construct, the Dichotomous Thinking Inventory, and the Dichotomous Thinking in Eating Disorders Scale. The present study aimed to carry out a review process to compile all the empirical studies that have made use of either of these instruments. To achieve this goal, we carried out a scoping review. We conducted a search using the keywords "Dichotomous Thinking Inventory," "Dichotomous Thinking in Eating Disorders Scale," and "Thinking Style" in the databases PubMed, Science Direct, and PsycInfo. No limits were imposed on the review. We found 19 articles that met the pre‐established criteria; the concentration of research occurred in the last 10 years. It was possible to clarify that the dichotomous way of understanding events occurs, in general, in the presence of maladaptive traits of personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dichotomous thinking is a propensity for individuals to understand events as opposites, in a binary way. There are currently two inventories that accurately measure this construct, the Dichotomous Thinking Inventory, and the Dichotomous Thinking in Eating Disorders Scale. The present study aimed to carry out a review process to compile all the empirical studies that have made use of either of these instruments. To achieve this goal, we carried out a scoping review. We conducted a search using the keywords "Dichotomous Thinking Inventory," "Dichotomous Thinking in Eating Disorders Scale," and "Thinking Style" in the databases PubMed, Science Direct, and PsycInfo. No limits were imposed on the review. We found 19 articles that met the pre‐established criteria; the concentration of research occurred in the last 10 years. It was possible to clarify that the dichotomous way of understanding events occurs, in general, in the presence of maladaptive traits of personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing Don Quixote from the perspective of the main character's madness has a long history backed by a well-entrenched critical tradition. The latter was recently revisited by Marcin Rychter in his article 'Don Kichote i szaleństwo' [Don Quixote and madness] (Przegląd Filozoficzny, N.S., 2017 (2), pp. 121-133). Although Rychter eschews psychiatric terminology in his descriptions of Don Quixote's state of mind, he cannot help using the term 'psychosis' and assumes that the reactions of Cervantes' protagonist are delusions and hallucinations. This article steers clear of any psychoanalytical or psychiatric interpretations of Don Quixote and suggests instead that he represents a metaphorical projection of self-estrangement which has reached the point of not being able to interact with the outside world. The very creation of such a character dramatizes the problem of incongruity between self-expression and the rules of communication with other people and the basic assumptions which make understanding and being understood possible. In effect Don Quixote may be seen as an exemplary figure typifying both autism and cognitive distortions. He personifies the Other, i.e. someone who is separate and estranged from the community and its norms and, at the same time, valiantly grapples with that condition trying again and again to transcend it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on self-compassion, Alexithymia, and cognitive distortion of students with Love Trauma Syndrome. The statistical population of this research includes women students with love trauma syndrome in Azad University Qazvin who were studying in 1399-1400. The sample of the present study was selected through a call and voluntarily from female students who experienced love failure in their lives and People who got a score above 20. People selected the final sample and then these people were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. In this study, to collect data, self-compassion Neff (2003) questionnaire, cognitive distortion Elis (1998) questionnaire, and Alexithymia Toronto (1994) questionnaire were used. Also in this study, multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training had a significant effect on self-compassion, Alexithymia, and cognitive distortions of women students with Love Trauma Syndrome (p

Cognitive distortions are thought to be central to the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders and are a widely acknowledged treatment target in cognitive-behavioral interventions. However, little research has focused on the measurement of cognitive distortions. The Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CD-Quest; de Oliveira, 2015), a brief, 15-item questionnaire, assesses the frequency and intensity of cognitive distortions. The CD-Quest has been shown to have sound psychometric properties in American, Australian, and Brazilian undergraduate samples and one Turkish-speaking outpatient clinical sample. The current study aimed to provide the first evaluation of the psychometric properties of the English version of the CD-Quest in a clinical sample and the first evaluation of any version of the CD-Quest in a sample of adults diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD). In a sample of treatment-seeking adults with SAD, the CD-Quest demonstrated good convergent validity, discriminant validity, known-groups validity, and treatment sensitivity. It also showed good internal consistency, and both confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses supported the previously reported unitary factor structure. Findings extend prior research indicating the reliability and validity of the CD-Quest.

PurposeThis study investigates some extant research concentrating on student self-regulation to play online games addictively. Then, it proposes a new design to explain game addiction caused by students’ cognitive biases according to three contested approaches: self-control or self-regulation, cognitive distortion, and opportunistic behaviour. Moreover, it separates each contested approach in detail.Research methodologyThis research generalises research subjects with specific qualities and characteristics according to the researchers’ provisions. It selects the population with specific attributes: self-control, cognitive bias, opportunistic behaviour, habits and addiction to online games. Then, this study distributes bilingual questionnaires to the respondents throughout Indonesia. Finally, it tests these research hypotheses, splits them according to each model, and avoids perfect-collinearity among the constructs.OriginalityThis research creates a new design incorporating three contested models of students’ addiction to games. The authors argue that online game addiction is due to students’ weak self-control, cognitive distortion, and opportunistic behaviours. The first perspective suggests that students play games addictively because of their low self-control in managing their tasks and enjoying leisure time. Secondly, this research deals with students playing the game due to their cognitive distortions: embodiment, stereotype, and heuristic biases. Finally, the third perspective explains students’ addiction to games because of their probable attitudes and behaviours: indeterminism, escapism, and adverse selection.FindingsThis research finds that each contested model could explain students’ tendencies to be addicted to playing online games. The authors conclude that multi-constructs and multi-dimensions explain students’ tendency to play games addictively in all three contested models. Moreover, this research infers that students’ habits and addictive behaviours are due to the number of games available on social media and the internet. This availability would likely damage academic habits, behaviours, culture and environment. Meanwhile, educational systems cannot stop the emergence and alterations of some new games. Finally, this study innovates the multi-paradigm for teachers’ counselling guidance.ImplicationsThis study’s findings imply a need for students’ behavioural therapy to be conducted by academic counsellors who are careful of the causal factors of multi-constructs and multi-dimensions. Then, it argues that the different causal factors impact the need for different cognitive therapies. Moreover, it explains that equal treatment for these students addicted to games would make them more stressed. Then, academic counsellors developing healing and wellness programmes should mitigate these students with a specific trait from the subdimensions of each construct.

Excessive engagement in online activities, also known as Internet addiction can have detrimental impacts on the mental, social, and physical well-being of individuals. This research work aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on internet addiction and alexithymia to provide insights that may inform the development of targeted interventions to support university students at risk of internet addiction. With emotional intelligence as the moderator and cognitive distortion as the mediator, the study investigated the effect of alexithymia on internet addiction. The approach of this cross-sectional design allowed researchers to investigate intricate interactions among several elements influencing internet addiction among university students in northern Indian areas. For data collection, the study created a thorough English 53-item questionnaire. Initially, 600 surveys were distributed, and 508 useable surveys were used. All the study hypotheses have received adequate support from empirical evidence, thus offering significant insights. This study supported a direct positive correlation between alexithymia and internet addiction. Also, the findings revealed a positive relationship between alexithymia and cognitive distortions which further leads to internet addiction. Moreover, moderation results show that emotional intelligence acts as a significant moderator in this relationship between alexithymia and internet addiction. The study has added a unique antecedent of cognitive distortion of internet addiction, which is currently under-researched in previous works. This research adds to the knowledge of alexithymia as not only a personality characteristic but also a variable that should be taken into account regarding constituent processes of the regulation of emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]