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Digital mental health interventions (DMHI) may offer scalable treatment for common mental health conditions. However, many commercially available apps have not been subjected to rigorous evaluation of effectiveness, particularly among users experiencing clinically significant symptomatology. We examined depression and anxiety symptom outcomes associated with a top-rated, commercially available self-guided DMHI based on cognitive behavioral therapy ("Sanvello") relative to waitlist control. This preregistered web-based, 2-arm, parallel-group randomized trial enrolled U.S. adults with self-reported elevated symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. Those assigned to the treatment condition were provided 8 weeks of access to Sanvello. Co-primary outcomes of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale [GAD-7]) severity were assessed at baseline and 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Intention-to-treat analyses included 280 participants (mean age 32.47 ± 9.32 years; 86.1 % women). Generalized linear mixed models showed a significant improvement in depression (F (4,779) = 6.51, p <.001) and anxiety (F (4,907) = 3.28, p =.01) associated with the DMHI over time. The intervention was also associated with a greater proportion of participants exhibiting depression response (25 [45.5 %] vs 26 [16.9 %]) and remission (10 [18.2 %] vs 7 [4.5 %]) on the PHQ-9, and anxiety response (31 [44.9 %] vs 39 [22.8 %]) and remission (20 [29.0 %] vs 27 [15.8 %]) on the GAD-7, relative to waitlist. Findings may not represent people with serious mental illness, suicidality, or the broader population of DMHI users. A commercially available, self-guided DMHI was effective at improving symptoms in individuals experiencing depression or anxiety. ClinicalTrials.gov [ NCT05373329 ] • Depression symptoms improved among those assigned to a commercially-available app. • Anxiety symptoms improved among those assigned to a commercially-available app. • App assignment was associated with a treatment response (50 % PHQ-9 reduction) among 45.5 % of those with depression. • App assignment was associated with a treatment response (50 % GAD-7 reduction) among 44.9 % of those with anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes in children is a chronic condition that involves rigorous blood sugar management to prevent complications. The psychological stress associated with this disease can worsen the general condition and oral health of diabetic children, causing xerostomia, oral infections and gum disease. This study explores the effectiveness of stress management strategies, including relaxation techniques, psychological counseling, family support, and behavioral interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness. Research shows that these methods reduce anxiety, improve blood sugar control and adherence to treatment, thus contributing to better oral health and an improved overall quality of life. The integrated approach to psychological stress is essential in the holistic treatment of diabetic children, to prevent long-term complications and promote healthy living.

Despite the growing recognition of mental health challenges among university students, the effectiveness and adaptability of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in these settings, particularly in terms of diverse delivery methods and their impact on outcomes, remains underexplored. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) rigorously evaluates the efficacy of CBT in reducing stress among university students, utilizing the PRISMA 2020 framework. The review analyzes 27 carefully selected articles, focusing on objective analysis, diverse delivery methods, session and treatment duration, various CBT interventions, and the applied skills and strategies. The findings confirm CBT as an exceptionally effective stress management tool, noted for its adaptability and versatility. The study underscores the importance of online CBT and emphasizes the need for interventions tailored to the diverse needs of students, enhancing their mental well-being. In light of these findings, future research should investigate the mediators and moderators that affect the effectiveness of CBT, assess the long-term impact on academic and mental health outcomes, and explore the sustainability of these interventions. This study contributes to CBT's theoretical and practical understanding in higher education settings. It lays the groundwork for future explorations to optimize mental health interventions for university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and gastrointestinal (GI)-related somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRDs) commonly co-occur, and both are associated with confusion in the process of accessing treatment. Furthermore, health professionals report low confidence in providing care for these conditions. Using a life history methodology, we explored the journeys of children and their parents with the diagnosis and treatment of ARFID and/or SSRDs and examined themes in barriers and facilitators to care. Six families with children (4 boys and 2 girls; 8–14 years old) with a diagnosis of ARFID and/or GI-related SSRD were recruited from a pediatric tertiary-level hospital. Interviews were conducted with four parents alone, and two parent-child dyads. Participants provided rich histories of the child's health journeys with variation in the development of ARFID and GI-related SSRDs and subsequent management. Diagnostic uncertainty, the emotional impact of this journey on families, and systemic barriers to accessing treatment were themes of the healthcare narratives. Validating the emotional impacts of the healthcare journey and building trust may be helpful to address the diagnostic uncertainty that families experience. Strategies to support adaptation of cognitive-behavioral approaches for with children with complex ARFID and/or SSRDs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mahana™ IBS is a Food and Drug Administration‐cleared prescription mobile application designed to deliver 3 months of gut‐directed cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to adults ≥22 years old with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We assessed whether gut‐directed CBT delivered digitally improved outcomes in IBS management. Methods: We studied users who had a dispensed physician prescription for Mahana™ IBS between August 2021 and August 2023. The primary outcome was change in IBS symptom severity (IBS‐SSS) score. Key Results: For the 843 patients, 324 (38%) completed half of the program up to session 5, and 162 (19%) of participants completed the full program up to session 10. Median age was 41 years, median IBS‐SSS was 270 (moderate severity), IBS‐mixed subtype was most common (23%) followed by IBS‐C (20%) and IBS‐D (19%). The change in IBS‐SSS was −81.0 (p = < 0.001) after session 5 and − 104.4 (p = < 0.001) after session 10. In multivariate analyses, a higher baseline IBS‐SSS (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.26–2.01) and high baseline Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) score predicted non‐response (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.91–0.98) while older age (OR 1.10 per decade; 95% CI 1.01–1.20), prescription source from a healthcare provider (as opposed to third party telehealth encounter, OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.07–2.05), and payment for the app (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.41–2.63) predicted adherence. Conclusions & Inferences: Use of a digital mobile application for gut‐directed CBT improved symptoms of IBS. Digital health applications have the potential to democratize CBT and allow integrated care to scale for patients with IBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: It is essential to determine detailed studies to understand the effectiveness, mechanisms, moderators, and cost-effectiveness of psychological intervention programs on psychological well-being in visually impaired people. Methods: This systematic review focused on studies that evaluated the interventions to promote psychological, emotional, and social well-being. The data were collected by... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes in children is a chronic condition that involves rigorous blood sugar management to prevent complications. The psychological stress associated with this disease can worsen the general condition and oral health of diabetic children, causing xerostomia, oral infections and gum disease. This study explores the effectiveness of stress management strategies, including relaxation techniques, psychological counseling, family support, and behavioral interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness. Research shows that these methods reduce anxiety, improve blood sugar control and adherence to treatment, thus contributing to better oral health and an improved overall quality of life. The integrated approach to psychological stress is essential in the holistic treatment of diabetic children, to prevent long-term complications and promote healthy living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescent depression presents a significant global mental health concern, exerting profound impacts on various facets of young people's lives. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has emerged as a leading intervention for tackling adolescent depression, grounded in principles derived from cognitive theory. This review delves into the effectiveness, mechanisms, and outcomes of CBT in addressing adolescent depression, synthesizing findings from a range of empirical studies including randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The review underscores the consistent efficacy of CBT in diminishing depressive symptoms among adolescents, elucidating mechanisms such as cognitive restructuring and behavioral activation that underpin its therapeutic effects. Additionally, CBT yields favorable outcomes beyond mere symptom reduction, encompassing enhancements in social connections and academic performance. Nonetheless, challenges such as limited accessibility and hurdles in engaging adolescents persist in CBT implementation. To surmount these obstacles, forthcoming research ought to concentrate on devising innovative delivery approaches, such as internet-based interventions and school-centered programs. In essence, CBT stands as a pivotal component in the treatment of adolescent depression, furnishing a holistic framework to address the intricate interplay of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral elements, thereby fostering the mental well-being of adolescents on a global scale.

This study evaluated the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the academic stress of rural community secondary school economic students. The study adopted the pre-test, post-test randomized control trial experimental design. The economics academic stress questionnaire (EASQ) was used for data collection using 168 secondary school economics students sampled from rural community schools in Southeast Nigeria. The instrument was validated by three experts in the area of the study and the internal consistency reliability index of the items was estimated as 0.83 using the Cronbach Alpha method. A pre-treatment assessment (pre-test) was conducted using the EASQ to collect baseline data. After that, the experimental group was exposed to 60 min of the CBT program once a week for 8 weeks. The data collected were analysed using mixed-design repeated analysis of variance. The findings of the study revealed that CBT had a significant effect on the management of academic stress among rural community secondary schools economics students. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the use of CBT intervention will be helpful in the management of academic stress among rural community secondary school economics students. The implication of that is that CBT intervention is effective in the reduction of psychological problems and discomfort among students in order to improve their academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Test anxiety has a negative impact on college students' academic performance and mental health. This study evaluated the effects of a group program integrating Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on test anxiety and a range of secondary outcomes. It was hypothesized that a 6-week program would reduce test anxiety and improve a range of mental health outcomes, compared to a wait-list condition. Method: A total of 64 college students (M = 20.26, SD = 1.63 years) with test anxiety (Test Anxiety Index greater than 49) were randomly assigned to either a 6-week intervention or wait-list control group. Participants completed a series of self-reports questionnaires before the intervention, after the intervention, and at a 4-month post-intervention follow-up. Results: The intervention significantly reduced test anxiety and improved self-compassion, the perceived ability to manage negative emotions, and general anxiety levels, with these effects persisting at the follow-up assessment. Moreover, the intervention group of participants experienced a further significant reduction in test anxiety and a significant improvement in subjective well-being 4 months after intervention. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the efficacy of an integrated CMT with CBT group program for alleviating test anxiety. Preregistration: This study is not preregistered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Asia, the availability of school counselors is significantly lower than global standards recommend, particularly in elementary education settings. This shortage is exacerbated by rising mental health concerns among young students, particularly those with emotional disorders. Considering the critical gap in the provision of mental health services in Asia, this paper studies a digital intervention approach with an AI-driven supportive system developed by adopting OpenAI to enhance the effectiveness of counseling in elementary education. Twenty-two students with ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and emotional disorders undergoing counseling at a primary school in Taiwan were recruited as participants for a three-month experiment, with the five Social-Emotional competencies as dependent variables. The treatment group utilized the proposed system with a digital journaling platform to help students reflect on their emotions, thoughts, and actions after counseling sessions, fostering an ongoing dialogue with their counselors through the system. Conversely, the control group received standard counseling without integrating the use of the proposed platform. The results of a two-factor mixed design ANOVA revealed that students who did not use the supportive system showed significant improvement in self-awareness. In contrast, students who went through the new model demonstrated significant changes in all competencies. These findings highlight the value of the proposed intervention approach for students with emotional disorders and suggest broader applications for AI technologies in school counseling, offering valuable insights for educators and policymakers.

Abstract Background Recent systematic reviews have indicated that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in reducing anxiety symptoms for autistic and non-autistic children. However, the vast majority of CBT research for autistic youth has been implemented within university settings and primarily by mental health providers. Schools hold great promise to equitably manage the mental health symptoms of autistic youth. Although preliminary research evaluating CBT within schools has been promising, CBT has not yet been compared to another readily available school mental health program. The goal of this protocol paper is to describe a multi-site study comparing two school-based interventions, Facing Your Fears-School Based (FYF-SB) and Zones of Regulation (ZOR) via a cluster randomized controlled type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial to determine which of the two interventions will best support autistic youth with anxiety in schools. Methods Up to 100 elementary and middle schools will be randomized into FYF-SB or ZOR. Once schools are randomized, a minimum of two interdisciplinary school providers at each school will be trained to deliver either FYF-SB or ZOR over the course of 12 weeks to groups of 2–5 autistic students ages 8–14 years. Over the course of two years, a total of 200 autistic students will receive either ZOR or FYF-SB. The primary outcome of this trial is child anxiety, as rated by masked evaluators and via caregiver- and student-report, which will be measured at baseline, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up. Semi-structured interviews will also be conducted with a purposive sample of students, caregivers, and school providers to understand the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of either ZOR or FYF-SB. Stakeholder engagement is a central component of this project via two stakeholder advisory boards that will directly inform and oversee the project. Discussion Results of this study will provide evidence about the relative impact of two school-based mental health interventions on outcomes reported as meaningful by caregivers and school providers. The additional focus on evaluating factors that support the implementation of FYF-SB and ZOR will allow future studies to test targeted implementation strategies that support mental health programming uptake and implementation within public schools. Trial registration This trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05863520).

Abstract The use of virtual reality (VR) in telepsychiatry signifies a paradigm shift in mental health care. VR provides realistic, interactive environments for therapies like exposure therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, resulting in reliable and reproducible scenarios that improve treatment effectiveness. This technology enhances accessibility for those with geographical or physical limitations, lowers stigma, and boosts patient engagement and adherence by making treatment activities more pleasurable and interesting. Furthermore, VR may emulate social interactions and circumstances that are difficult to replicate in typical treatment settings, providing useful practice for people with social anxiety or autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Despite its great potential, integrating VR into telepsychiatry offers problems such as high VR equipment costs, assuring clinical effectiveness and safety, and securing patient data. Future research should prioritize large-scale, randomized controlled trials to determine the efficacy of VR-based therapy, investigate long-term consequences, and offer cost-effective solutions. By tackling these issues and investing in novel research, VR has the potential to greatly improve telepsychiatry, making mental health care more effective, engaging, and easily available to people all over the world.

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Myofascial Release Technique (MRT) along with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on pain, craniovertebral angle (CVA), and neck disability in university students with chronic neck pain and forward head posture. A total of sixty-six eligible participants with chronic neck pain and forward head posture were randomized into the Myofascial Release Therapy (MRT) group (n = 33) and MRT and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) group (n = 33). Clinical outcomes included neck pain measured using the numerical pain rating scale, neck disability measured through the neck disability index, and forward head posture measured through the cranial vertebral angle. The outcomes were assessed at baseline and the four and eight weeks after the intervention. Both groups showed significant improvement in pain intensity, CVA, and neck disability after the intervention. However, the CBT group demonstrated greater improvements than the MRT group. The difference in outcomes between the groups was statistically significant. Myofascial Release Therapy combined with CBT is an effective treatment method for patients with chronic neck pain and forward head posture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of repeated transcranial direct current stimulation (rtDCS), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and their combination (rtDCS-CBT) in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction, social cognition, and depressive symptoms in women diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). A total of 40 female participants with MDD were randomly assigned to one of four groups: rtDCS, CBT, rtDCS-CBT, and a control group. The participants' depressive symptoms, executive functions, and social cognition were assessed at baseline, preintervention, postintervention, and during a 1-month follow-up. The rtDCS group received 10 sessions of anodal dorsolateral and cathodal ventromedial prefrontal cortex (2 mA for 20 minutes). The CBT group received 10 sessions of traditional CBT, whereas the combined group received CBT after the tDCS sessions. The results of the analysis of variance indicated that all intervention groups demonstrated significant improvements in depressive symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and social cognition compared with the control group (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, the rtDCS-CBT group exhibited significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms when compared with each intervention alone (all p < 0.001). Notably, working memory improvements were observed only in the rtDCS group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study suggests that both CBT and tDCS, either individually or in combination, have a positive therapeutic impact on enhancing executive functions, theory of mind, and depressive symptoms in women with MDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors examined whether brief cognitive-behavioral therapy (bCBT) for depression, delivered by mental health providers in community-based outpatient clinics (CBOCs) of the Veterans Health Administration, improved depression outcomes and was feasible and acceptable in clinical settings. The authors used a type-2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation, patient-randomized trial to compare bCBT with enhanced usual care. Participants (N=189) with moderate symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire–9 [PHQ-9] score ≥10) were enrolled from CBOCs in the southern United States. bCBT (N=109) consisted of three to six sessions, delivered by mental health providers (N=17) as part of routine clinic practices. Providers received comprehensive training and support to facilitate bCBT delivery. Recipients of enhanced usual care (N=80) were given educational materials and encouraged to discuss treatment options with their primary care provider. The primary effectiveness outcome was PHQ-9–assessed depression symptoms posttreatment (4 months after baseline) and at 8- and 12-month follow-ups. Implementation outcomes focused on bCBT dose received, provider fidelity, and satisfaction with bCBT training and support. bCBT improved depression symptoms (Cohen's d=0.55, p<0.01) relative to enhanced usual care posttreatment, and the improvement was maintained at 8- and 12-month follow-ups (p=0.004). bCBT participants received a mean±SD of 3.7±2.7 sessions (range 0–9), and 64% completed treatment (≥3 sessions). Providers delivered bCBT with fidelity and reported that bCBT training and support were feasible and effective. bCBT had a modest treatment footprint of approximately four sessions, was acceptable to participants and providers, was feasible for delivery in CBOCs, and produced meaningful sustained improvements in depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in a case of co-occurring generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This case study refers to a male aged 75 years with a diagnosis of Idiopathic Parkinson's disease. It focuses on applying a CBT model to address the psychological difficulties with PD and GAD. This case study reveals key aspects in presentation, diagnosis, and psychological treatment between PD and GAD, and is one of few studies published in this area. Symptoms of anxiety in an older adult with PD decreased during a course of CBT. The implications of the treatment outcome of this study and further considerations of treatment plans for comorbid PD and anxiety have been discussed. Using CBT could positively impact non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's, such as sleep difficulties and speech impediments. Using CBT for the catastrophic thinking and worry content in GAD seems to act as a complementary therapy for psychological/non-motor symptoms of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Misophonia is a recently defined disorder characterized by distressing responses to everyday sounds, such as chewing or sniffling. Individuals with misophonia experience significant functional impairment but have limited options for evidenced-based behavioral treatment. To address this gap in the literature, the current pilot trial explored the acceptability and efficacy of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral approach to treating symptoms of misophonia. Methods: This trial was conducted in two studies: In Study 1, the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) was delivered to eight patients in order to receive feedback to guide revisions to the treatment to suit this population. In Study 2, ten patients received the revised UP treatment to explore its acceptability and preliminary efficacy. This study used a singlecase experimental design with multiple baselines, randomizing patients to either a 2-week baseline or 4-week baseline prior to the 16 weeks of treatment, followed by four weeks of follow-up. Results: The findings from these studies suggested that patients found both the original and adapted versions of the UP to be acceptable and taught them skills for how to manage their misophonia symptoms. Importantly, the findings also suggested that the UP can help remediate symptoms of misophonia, particularly the emotional and behavioral responses. Discussion: These findings provide preliminary evidence that this transdiagnostic treatment for emotional disorders can improve symptoms of misophonia in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted where we evaluated the effects of Parent Management Training (PMT), Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) and PMT combined with child cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) using data from 25 RCTs on children with clinical levels of disruptive behavior (age range 2–13 years). Results showed that PMT (g = 0.64 [95% CI 0.42, 0.86]) and PCIT (g = 1.22 [95% CI 0.75, 1.69]) were more effective than waiting-list (WL) in reducing parent-rated disruptive behavior, and PMT also in improving parental skills (g = 0.83 [95% CI 0.67, 0.98]) and child social skills (g = 0.49 [95% CI 0.30, 0.68]). PCIT versus WL had larger effects in reducing disruptive behavior than PMT versus WL. In the few studies found, the addition of child CBT to PMT did not yield larger effects than PMT or WL. These results support offering PMT to children with clinical levels of disruptive behavior and highlight the additional benefits of PCIT for younger ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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IntroductionMisophonia is a recently defined disorder characterized by distressing responses to everyday sounds, such as chewing or sniffling. Individuals with misophonia experience significant functional impairment but have limited options for evidenced-based behavioral treatment. To address this gap in the literature, the current pilot trial explored the acceptability and efficacy of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral approach to treating symptoms of misophonia.MethodsThis trial was conducted in two studies: In Study 1, the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) was delivered to eight patients in order to receive feedback to guide revisions to the treatment to suit this population. In Study 2, ten patients received the revised UP treatment to explore its acceptability and preliminary efficacy. This study used a single-case experimental design with multiple baselines, randomizing patients to either a 2-week baseline or 4-week baseline prior to the 16 weeks of treatment, followed by four weeks of follow-up.ResultsThe findings from these studies suggested that patients found both the original and adapted versions of the UP to be acceptable and taught them skills for how to manage their misophonia symptoms. Importantly, the findings also suggested that the UP can help remediate symptoms of misophonia, particularly the emotional and behavioral responses.DiscussionThese findings provide preliminary evidence that this transdiagnostic treatment for emotional disorders can improve symptoms of misophonia in adults.

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurring obsessions and compulsions often with severe impairment affecting 1–3% of children and adolescents. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the therapeutic golden standard for paediatric OCD. However, face-to-face CBT is limited by accessibility, availability, and quality of delivery. Enhanced CBT (eCBT) a combination of face-to-face sessions at the clinic and treatment at home via webcam and a supportive app system aims to address some of these barriers. In this pilot study, we compared eCBT outcomes of 25 paediatric patients with OCD benchmarked against traditional face-to-face CBT (n = 269) from the Nordic Long-term OCD Treatment Study, the largest paediatric OCD CBT study to date. Pairwise comparisons showed no difference between eCBT and NordLOTS treatment outcomes. Mean estimate difference was 2.5 in favour of eCBT (95% CI − 0.3 to 5.3). eCBT compared to NordLOTS showed no significant differences between response and remission rates, suggesting similar effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Depression is a mental disorder that causes mood disorders, which are characterized by a loss of control and a subjective experience of great discomfort. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) seems to be effective in depression and therefore it becomes necessary to investigate its effectiveness. Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in patients with depression. By investigating the effectiveness of individual and group CBT, its effectiveness in a community context, its effectiveness in relation to the administration of pharmacotherapy and the long-term efficiency of CBT. Material and Method: A systematic review of the literature was carried out in the Pubmed, Cohrane and Scopus databases for the years 2007-2021. Key words used were the following: depression, major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), psychotherapy, group therapy, individual therapy, antidepressants, pharmacotherapy. The criteria for the inclusion of the studies were that the writing language should be English, that the survey population should be adults, adolescents and children of all sexes suffering from depression, and the criteria for excluding studies were CBT intervention via the internet or telephone. The initial search resulted in 21.587 studies, of which 13 were included in this systematic review. Results: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective in preventing the relapse of depression, as it reduces the risk of relapse by eight times and the risk of future recurrent episodes of depression. CBT, in connection with the use of pharmacotherapy, has also had a positive effect on depression, improving physical symptoms, symptoms of depression and anxiety, quality of life and social function of patients. In addition, the effectiveness of CBT was observed to be maintained for more than 3 years. Conclusions: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective in patients with depression in both individual and group CBT sessions and in the community context. CBT in combination with pharmacotherapy is also indicated in the treatment of depression and is effective over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plain English Summary Early management of eating disorders, including mental health and medical treatment, improves outcomes and reduces the likelihood of significant complications including death. However, access to specialized mental health treatment can be challenging, particularly for patients from marginalized identities. This study examined how insurance type affects access to recommended mental health treatment for patients with eating disorders. It included a sample of 1060 youth of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds who presented to an adolescent medicine clinic with malnutrition secondary to disordered eating. In our sample, youth with public insurance were one third as likely to receive appropriate treatment as youth with private insurance. Additionally, Latinx and Asian patients were half as likely to receive appropriate treatment as White youth. These findings highlight the importance of not only improving access to mental health care for patients with eating disorders, but also addressing the systemic causes of disparities in care for youth of color and those with public insurance.

Purpose: Oral mucositis is a common side effect of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). This study aimed to determine whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) could help prevent oral mucositis during chemoradiation therapy for locoregional advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC). Methods and materials: Between July 15, 2020, and January 31, 2022, a randomized controlled phase II trial was conducted. Eligible patients (N=282, 18-70 years old) with pathologically diagnosed LA-NPC were randomly assigned to receive CBT or treatment as usual (TAU) during CCRT (computer-block randomization, 1:1). The primary endpoints were the incidence and latency of oral mucositis. Results: The incidence of oral mucositis was significantly lower in the CBT group (84.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 78.7%-90.9%) than in the TAU group (98.6%; 95% CI, 96.6%-100%; P<0.001). The median latency period was 26 days and 15 days in the CBT and TAU groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.12-0.22; P<0.001). CBT significantly reduced ≥ grade 3 oral mucositis (71.9% vs. 22.5%, P<0.001), dry mouth (10.8% vs. 3.7%, P=0.021), dysphagia (18% vs. 5.1%, P=0.001), and oral pain (10% vs. 3.6%, P=0.034) compared with TAU. Patients receiving CBT and TAU during CCRT had similar short-term response rates. Conclusions: CBT reduced the occurrence, latency, and severity of oral mucositis in patients with LA-NPC during CCRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]