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Background: Endobronchial valve placement is a minimally invasive option for treatment of patients with severe emphysema, by reducing lung volumes in lobes with both poor ventilation and perfusion; ventilation is determined by emphysematous scores and perfusion by quantitative lung perfusion imaging. CT‐based fissure identifying artificial intelligence algorithms have recently demonstrated enhanced quantification of the perfusion in a 5‐lobar analysis. We hypothesized that this newly developed algorithm may offer greater utility in determining target treatment lobes by supplementing the radiographic risk stratification initiated by the conventional emphysematous scores alone. Methods: Quantification images of 43 deidentified individuals underwent perfusion SPECT/CT with Tc99m Macro‐Aggregated Albumin (4mCi/148MBq intravenous) using both conventional zonal anatomy and AI augmented 5‐lobar analysis. Analysis: Images were reviewed to demonstrate that the new algorithm was not inferior to standard of care imaging with zonal segmentation. A pilot subcohort analysis of 4 patients with severe emphysema who had pre‐endobronchial valve placement imaging demonstrated that an emphysema‐perfusion ratio greater than 3 was indicative of a potential target lobe. Discussion: We conclude that 5‐lobar analysis in not inferior to conventional zonal analysis and allows the determination of emphysema‐to‐perfusion ratio. Preliminary review of a small subcohort suggests an emphysema‐to‐perfusion ratio greater than 3 for a lobe may clinically benefit in endobronchial valve placement. Further evaluation with prospective studies and larger sample sizes are recommended before clinical implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers some of the methodological implications of undertaking and representing multimedia and digital, ethnographic work. It explores some of the challenges and opportunities of working with and across a range of media, and explores some of the consequences of bringing hypermedia applications to ethnographic work. The paper draws on a project that sought to explore the learning opportunities and experiences of an interactive science discovery centre, and that utilised a multimedia, ethnographic approach. The paper locates this methodological approach alongside recent and ongoing developments within qualitative research, and aims to situate educational research within the context of these developments. The paper particularly addresses issues of integrating different forms of qualitative data, ethnographic "design", the ethics of research practice, communication and capacity building. (Contains 1 figure.)

Explores the relationships between young people's identity construction and the concept of citizenship in the United Kingdom. Considers how young people's need for space, and their emergent sense of place, are aspects of a citizenship identity that young people learn, work at, and negotiate in their leisure time. (CMK)

The Equal Opportunities Commission report on initial teacher training in England and Wales (1989) illustrated that equal opportunities, and specifically gender, occupy only a marginal place in initial teacher education courses. Questioning recent educational policy roles in promoting equal opportunities and antisexism, this paper argues that certain policy trends discourage positive action. (18 references) (MLH)

Interviews with 14 teacher educators explore why gender issues (official guidance, teacher ideologies, teaching as women's work, and classroom survival) receive low-key treatment in initial teacher education in England and Wales. Interviews illustrate infusion of a women's studies perspective into teacher education and gender into the teacher education agenda. (SLD)

Discourses of citizenship have increasingly featured in social policies aimed at young people, particularly in relation to the promotion and crafting of 'active citizens'. The inclusion of citizenship education in school curricula, the Learning and Skills development agency post16 citizenship development programme, and the recent Green Paper Youth Matters, all speak of instilling in young people the rights and responsibilities that come with citizenship. In this article we draw on empirical work on youth transitions to explore the ways in which citizenship is learnt and lived by young people themselves. The article draws on some of the models of citizenship identified by Lister et al. (2003) in their study on young people's perceptions of citizenship, particularly considering them in relation to the gendered experiences and realities of youth transitions to adulthoods.

Studies have revealed that organizational commitment is often managed through symbolism. This paper focuses upon how time is used in an organizational context, symbolically and pragmatically, to demonstrate and demand commitment by new members. The paper draws upon data collected as part of a qualitative project on the occupational and organizational socialization of graduate accountants. Ethnographic fieldwork was carried out in a regional office of an international firm of chartered accountants in the United Kingdom. One aspect of the data analysis revealed that the management and utilization of time is central to understanding the socializing function of the accountancy firm, and to the ultimate organizational success of the graduate accountants., Introduction The centrality of time to organizational life has been well documented in sociological and organizational research (Turner 1971; Turner 1986; Blyton et al. 1989; Fink 1992). For example Roth [...]

A practical functional assessment format was recently developed that informed a skill‐based treatment for the problem behavior of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Since its inception there have been multiple replications of the procedures; however, the comprehensive model has rarely been applied to populations with more complex comorbid disorders and severe problem behavior such as those diagnosed with anxiety or depression. We conducted the current study to systematically replicate the entire practical functional assessment and skill‐based treatment model with two participants diagnosed with multiple mental health disorders admitted to a severe behavior outpatient unit. The practical functional assessment identified reinforcers that were provided contingent on increasingly complex forms of communication. Problem behavior remained low for both participants after reinforcement was thinned by increasing a response requirement of completing difficult tasks. Furthermore, the results were socially validated by the parents and teachers and the treatment was extended to the home setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the issue of noise, an aspect of everyday life, which is absent or suppressed in social scientific accounts of social life trough a reconsideration of sound. The article is a contribution to the growing awareness of the sonic world as open to qualitative inquiry.