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The ratite group is composed of ostriches, rheas, emus, cassowaries and kiwis. Little research has been done on parasitism in these birds. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of infections by gastrointestinal nematodes in ostriches in the state of Rio de Janeiro. For this, fecal samples were collected from 192 on 13 farms. From each sample, four grams of feces were used to determine the eggs per gram of feces (EPG) count, by means of the McMaster technique. Part of the feces sample was used for fecal cultures, to identify 100 larvae per sample. The results were subjected to descriptive central trend and dispersion analysis, using confidence intervals at the 5% error probability level in accordance with the Student t distribution, and Tukey’s test with a 95% confidence interval. The mean EPG in the state was 1,557, and the municipality of Três Rios had the lowest average (62). The city of Campos dos Goytacazes presented the highest mean EPG of all the municipalities analyzed. The northern region presented the highest mean EPG, followed by the southern, metropolitan, coastal lowland and central regions. Libyostrongylus species were observed on all the farms: L. douglassii predominated, followed by L. dentatus and Codiostomum struthionis. O grupo das ratitas é composto pelas avestruzes, emas, emús, cassuares e kiwi. São poucas as pesquisas sobre as parasitoses nessas aves. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a distribuição de infecções por nematóides gastrintestinais em avestruzes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras fecais de 192 avestruzes de 13 propriedades. De cada amostra, quatro gramas foram utilizados para a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), pela da técnica de McMaster. Parte das fezes foi utilizada para cultivos fecais para identificação de 100 larvas por amostra. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise descritiva de tendência central e de dispersão, utilizando-se o intervalo de confiança ao nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro de acordo com a distribuição t de Student e teste de Tukey com intervalo de confiança de 95%. A média de OPG no Estado foi de 1.557, e o município de Três Rios obteve a menor média (62). A cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes teve a maior média de OPG de todos os municípios analisados. A Região Norte teve a maior média de OPG, seguida das regiões Sul, Metropolitana, Baixada Litorânea e Central. As espécies de Libyostrongylus foram observadas em todas as propriedades, predominando L. douglassii, seguido de L. dentatus e Codiostomum struthionis.

O grupo das ratitas é composto pelas avestruzes, emas, emús, cassuares e kiwi. São poucas as pesquisas sobre as parasitoses nessas aves. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a distribuição de infecções por nematóides gastrintestinais em avestruzes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras fecais de 192 avestruzes de 13 propriedades. De cada amostra, quatro gramas foram utilizados para a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), pela da técnica de McMaster. Parte das fezes foi utilizada para cultivos fecais para identificação de 100 larvas por amostra. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise descritiva de tendência central e de dispersão, utilizando-se o intervalo de confiança ao nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro de acordo com a distribuição t de Student e teste de Tukey com intervalo de confiança de 95%. A média de OPG no Estado foi de 1.557, e o município de Três Rios obteve a menor média (62). A cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes teve a maior média de OPG de todos os municípios analisados. A Região Norte teve a maior média de OPG, seguida das regiões Sul, Metropolitana, Baixada Litorânea e Central. As espécies de Libyostrongylus foram observadas em todas as propriedades, predominando L. douglassii, seguido de L. dentatus e Codiostomum struthionis. The ratite group is composed of ostriches, rheas, emus, cassowaries and kiwis. Little research has been done on parasitism in these birds. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of infections by gastrointestinal nematodes in ostriches in the state of Rio de Janeiro. For this, fecal samples were collected from 192 on 13 farms. From each sample, four grams of feces were used to determine the eggs per gram of feces (EPG) count, by means of the McMaster technique. Part of the feces sample was used for fecal cultures, to identify 100 larvae per sample. The results were subjected to descriptive central trend and dispersion analysis, using confidence intervals at the 5% error probability level in accordance with the Student t distribution, and Tukey’s test with a 95% confidence interval. The mean EPG in the state was 1,557, and the municipality of Três Rios had the lowest average (62). The city of Campos dos Goytacazes presented the highest mean EPG of all the municipalities analyzed. The northern region presented the highest mean EPG, followed by the southern, metropolitan, coastal lowland and central regions. Libyostrongylus species were observed on all the farms: L. douglassii predominated, followed by L. dentatus and Codiostomum struthionis.

Ostriches were imported to Brazil in the early 1990s without appropriate parasite control leading to a co-importation of parasites. Libyostrongylus douglassii, Libyostrongylus dentatus and Codiostomum struthionis are nematodes of the ostriches that have been reported on some Brazilian farms but no national survey has been performed. Moreover, little is known about anthelmintic usage to control these parasites in Brazil. Therefore, the occurrence of L. douglassii, L. dentatus and C. struthionis and the anthelmintic management practices in Brazilian ostrich farms were studied. A questionnaire about management practices and information on how to collect, store and ship feces to the laboratory were sent to 17 farms located in 9 Brazilian states. Received fecal samples were submitted to fecal cultivation and larval harvested. Infective larvae were morphologically analyzed and quantified. The majority of the farms (88%) used an anthelmintic at least once a year. Ivermectin was the principal anthelmintic. Libyostrongylus sp. and C. struthionis were found in samples from 76 and 18% of the examined farms, respectively. The presence of L. douglassii (61–97%) was higher than L. dentatus (3–57%) and C. struthionis (2–30%). At the farm level, both species of Libyostrongylus were always found together. Sheath tail measurements of their infective larvae were crucial for morphological diagnosis. L. dentatus and L. douglassii are well adapted to Brazil and are widely distributed in the Brazilian territory, proving that this mixed infection in Brazilian ostrich's farms is common.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Nicole Brand Ederli.pdf: 1323032 bytes, checksum: 394a97d8f4b106b07b28af4a26a7af8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-13 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES The aim of this work was differentiates infective larvae of Libyostrongylus douglassii, L. dentatus and Codiostomum struthionis allowing the differential diagnosis of those species among fecal cultures. For this, 10 adult ostriches were slaughtered, their proventriculum and caeca ware removed and adult parasites were collected. Females adults of L. douglassii and L. dentatus were separate in five samples of 100 females each. The samples were macerated individually and mixed with sterilized feces and culture fecal was performed to obtaining of infective larvae. Adults parasites of C. struthionis collected in the caeca were washed in saline solution (NaCl 0,09%) and quantified. All the parasites were fixed in A.F.A. for optical microscopy and adults of C. struthionis and infective larvae of Libyostrongylus spp. were fixed in Karnovsky solution for scanning electron microscopy. All proventriculum and 90% of the analyzed caeca were positive to the infection by Libyostrongylus spp. and C. struthionis, respectively. It is possible to distinguish L. douglassii of L. dentatus and C. struthionis by the morphology and length of the larvae sheath tail, that in L. douglassii is short and with acute ending different the other two species that are long and filamentous. For the differential diagnosis between L. dentatus and C. struthionis is more reliable the use of the morphology of the ending of the larvae tail that, in L. dentatus presents a knob in the extremity, this character is not observed in C. struthionis. Like this, this continues being the best parameter for the differentiation among these two species of gastrointestinals nematodes of the ostriches. The differentiation of the infective larvae of L. douglassii, L. dentatus and C. struthionis among fecal cultures will facilitate the diagnosis of this species, by researchers and breeders, favoring the knowledge of the biology of these nematodes. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo diferenciar larvas infectantes de Libyostrongylus douglassii, L. dentatus e Codiostomum struthionis permitindo o diagn?stico diferencial dessas esp?cies atrav?s de culturas fecais. Para isto, 10 avestruzes adultos foram abatidas, seus proventr?culos e cecos removidos e coletado parasitas adultos. F?meas adultas L. douglassii e L. dentatus foram separadas em cinco amostras de 100 f?meas cada. As amostras foram maceradas individualmente e misturadas com fezes secas esterilizadas e foi realizada cultura fecal padr?o para obten??o de larvas infectantes. Parasitas adultos de C. struthionis recolhidos no ceco foram lavados em solu??o fisiol?gica (NaCl 0,09%), quantificados. Todos os parasitas foram fixados em A.F.A. para microscopia ?ptica e adultos de C. struthionis e larvas infectantes de Libyostrongylus spp. foram fixados em solu??o Karnovsky para microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Todos os proventr?culos e 90% dos cecos analisados estavam parasitados por Libyostrongylus spp. e C. struthionis, respectivamente. ? poss?vel distinguir L. douglassii de L. dentatus e C. struthionis pela morfologia e comprimento da cauda da bainha que em L. douglassii ? curta e com termina??o aguda ao contr?rio das outras duas esp?cies que s?o longas e filamentosas. Para o diagn?stico diferencial entre L. dentatus e C. struthionis ? mais confi?vel a utiliza??o da morfologia da termina??o da cauda da larva que, em L. dentatus apresenta uma protuber?ncia arredondada na extremidade, caractere este n?o observado em C. struthionis. Assim, este continua sendo o melhor par?metro para a diferencia??o entre estas duas esp?cies de nemat?ides gastrintestinais das avestruzes. A diferencia??o das larvas infectantes de L. douglassii, L. dentatus e C. struthionis atrav?s de culturas fecais ir? facilitar o diagn?stico das esp?cies, por pesquisadores e criadores, favorecendo o conhecimento da biologia destes nemat?ides.