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1. Model-Order Reduction Procedure for Fast Dynamic Electrothermal Simulation of Power Converters

Author

Catalano, A. P., Riccio, M., Codecasa, L., Magnani, A., Romano, G., d’Alessandro, V., Maresca, L., Rinaldi, N., Breglio, G., Irace, A., Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Ruediger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, and De Gloria, Alessandro, editor

Published
2019
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4. Advantages and Challenges of Tailored Regimens for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A StopTB Italia Look into the Future

Author

Riccardi N, Villa S, Alagna R, Giacomelli A, Saderi L, Cirillo DM, Besozzi G, Sotgiu G, and Codecasa L

Subjects
tuberculosis, drug-resistance, treatment, tailored, stoptb., Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Niccolò Riccardi,1,2,* Simone Villa,1,3,* Riccardo Alagna,1,4 Andrea Giacomelli,1,5 Laura Saderi,1,6 Daniela Maria Cirillo,1,4 Giorgio Besozzi,1 Giovanni Sotgiu,1,6 Luigi Codecasa1,7 1StopTB Italia Onlus, Milan 20159, Italy; 2Department of Infectious - Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona 37024, Italy; 3Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy; 4IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy; 5III Infectious Diseases Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan 20157, Italy; 6Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy; 7Regional TB Reference Centre, Istituto Villa Marelli, Niguarda Hospital, Milan 20159, Italy*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Niccolò RiccardiDepartment of Infectious - Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni N.5, 37024, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, ItalyTel +39 045 601 6420Email niccolo.riccardi@yahoo.itAbstract: The emerge of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) strain in recent decades is hampering the efforts of the international community to eliminate the disease worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has drafted many strategies to achieve this ambitious goal. In the very beginning, the aim was to standardize inadequate regimens used in many countries and, thereafter, evolved to tackle the social determinants which hinder TB elimination. However, following the path of narrowing the clinical vision to deal with TB, there is an increased need to personalize the treatment considering both patients and pathogen unique characteristics. In our narrative review, we report the advantages and the backwards in developing a method to implement the concept of precision medicine to the treatment of TB. In this dissertation, we highlight the importance to address different aspects of the diseases encompassing the host and pathogen features, as well as the needs to further implement an adequate follow-up based on the available resources. Nevertheless, many things may hamper the vision of precision medicine in TB, such as the complexity and the costs to develop novel compounds and the costs related to global-scale implementation of patient-centered follow-up. To achieve the ambitious goal of TB elimination, a radical change in TB treatment is needed in order to give a more comprehensive approach based both on patients’ peculiarities and driven by drug susceptibility tests and whole-genome sequencing.Keywords: tuberculosis, drug-resistance, treatment, tailored, StopTB

Published
2020

11. How to improve TB outpatient service in a TB low-endemic country during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Author

Riccardi, N., Rodari, P., Duranti, S., Villa, S., Assante, L. R., Castellotti, P., Ferrarese, M., Martini, M., Zuppini, T., Tessari, R., Calza, C., Codecasa, L., Besozzi, G., and Angheben, A.

Subjects
Ethics, TB-care, SARS-CoV-2, Antitubercular Agents, COVID-19, Italy, Medical ethics, Outpatient care, Tuberculosis, Ambulatory Care, Ethics, Medical, Humans, Outpatient Clinics, Hospital, Pandemics, Telemedicine, Hospital, Medical, Outpatient Clinics, Research Article
Abstract

Summary Despite notable progresses in the recent decades, tuberculosis (TB) continues to remain a public health concern even in Europe. TB prevention and care should be people-centred, improving ambulatory models across countries, in order to expand access to diagnosis and treatment for both TB infection and disease. Even more, during emergencies such as the current pandemic, when seeking of TB care has been replaced by the fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), TB patient’s care is fundamental. In this short communication, we document how was possible to implement a TB outpatient service meanwhile a local outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 transmission was ongoing.

Published
2021

12. Tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection: description of the global cohort

Author

Migliori, G. B., Casco, N., Jorge, A. L., Palmero, D. J., Alffenaar, J. -W., Denholm, J., Fox, G. J., Ezz, W., Cho, J. -G., Skrahina, A., Solodovnikova, V., Bachez, P., Piubello, A., Arbex, M. A., Alves, T., Rabahi, M. F., Pereira, G. R., Sales, R., Silva, D. R., Saffie, M. M., Miranda, R. C., Cancino, V., Carbonell, M., Cisterna, C., Concha, C., Cruz, A., Salinas, N. E., Revillot, M. E., Valdes, J. F., Fernandez, I., Flores, X., Tapia, P. G., Garavagno, A., Vera, C. G., Bahamondes, M. H., Merino, L. M., Munoz, E., Munoz, C., Navarro, I., Subiabre, J. N., Ortega, C., Palma, S., Pradenas, A. M., Pereira, G., Castillo, P. P., Pinto, M., Pizarro, R., Bidegain, F. R., Rodriguez, P., Sanchez, C., Salinas, A. S., Soto, A., Taiba, C., Venegas, M., Riquelme, M. S. V., Vilca, E., Villalon, C., Yucra, E., Li, Y., Guelvez, B., Plaza, R. V., Hoyos, K. Y. T., Andrejak, C., Blanc, F. -X., Dourmane, S., Froissart, A., Izadifar, A., Riviere, F., Schlemmer, F., Manika, K., Diallo, B. D., Hassane-Harouna, S., Artiles, N., Mejia, L. A., Gupta, N., Ish, P., Mishra, G., Sharma, S., Singla, R., Udwadia, Z. F., Alladio, F., Angeli, F., Calcagno, A., Centis, R., Codecasa, L. R., D'Ambrosio, L., De Lauretis, A., Esposito, S., Formenti, B., Gaviraghi, A., Giacomet, V., Goletti, D., Gualano, G., Matteelli, A., Motta, I., Palmieri, F., Pontali, E., Prestileo, T., Riccardi, N., Saderi, L., Saporiti, M., Sotgiu, G., Stochino, C., Tadolini, M., Torre, A., Villa, S., Visca, D., Danila, E., Diktanas, S., Ridaura, R. L., Lopez, F. L. L., Torrico, M. M., Rendon, A., Akkerman, O. W., Souleymane, M. B., Al-Abri, S., Alyaquobi, F., Althohli, K., Aizpurua, E., Gonzales, R., Jurado, J., Loban, A., Aguirre, S., Teixeira, R. C., De Egea, V., Irala, S., Medina, A., Sequera, G., Sosa, N., Vazquez, F., Llanos-Tejada, F. K., Manga, S., Villanueva-Villegas, R., Araujo, D., Duarte, R., Marques, T. S., Grecu, V. I., Socaci, A., Barkanova, O., Bogorodskaya, M., Borisov, S., Mariandyshev, A., Kaluzhenina, A., Vukicevic, T. A., Stosic, M., Beh, D., Ng, D., Ong, C. W. M., Solovic, I., Dheda, K., Gina, P., Caminero, J. A., Cardoso-Landivar, J., De Souza Galvao, M. L., Dominguez-Castellano, A., Garcia-Garcia, J. -M., Pinargote, I. M., Fernandez, S. Q., Sanchez-Montalva, A., Huguet, E. T., Murguiondo, M. Z., Bart, P. -A., Mazza-Stalder, J., Bakko, F., Barnacle, J., Brown, A., Chandran, S., Killington, K., Man, K., Papineni, P., Tiberi, S., Utjesanovic, N., Zenner, D., Hearn, J. L., Heysell, S., and Young, L.

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Cohort Studies, Male, Coinfection, Humans, Prospective Studies, COVID-19, Tuberculosis, Original Research Article
Abstract

BackgroundInformation on tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still limited. The aim of this study was to describe the features of the TB/COVID-19 co-infected individuals from a prospective, anonymised, multicountry register-based cohort with special focus on the determinants of mortality and other outcomes.MethodsWe enrolled all patients of any age with either active TB or previous TB and COVID-19. 172 centres from 34 countries provided individual data on 767 TB-COVID-19 co-infected patients, (>50% population-based).ResultsOf 767 patients, 553 (74.0%) out of 747 had TB before COVID-19 (including 234 out of 747 with previous TB), 71 (9.5%) out of 747 had COVID-19 first and 123 (16.5%) out of 747 had both diseases diagnosed within the same week (n=35 (4.6%) on the same day). 85 (11.08%) out of 767 patients died (41 (14.2%) out of 289 in Europe and 44 (9.2%) out of 478 outside Europe; p=0.03): 42 (49.4%) from COVID-19, 31 (36.5%) from COVID-19 and TB, one (1.2%) from TB and 11 from other causes. In the univariate analysis on mortality the following variables reached statistical significance: age, male gender, having more than one comorbidity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, chronic renal disease, presence of key symptoms, invasive ventilation and hospitalisation due to COVID-19. The final multivariable logistic regression model included age, male gender and invasive ventilation as independent contributors to mortality.ConclusionThe data suggest that TB and COVID-19 are a “cursed duet” and need immediate attention. TB should be considered a risk factor for severe COVID disease and patients with TB should be prioritised for COVID-19 preventative efforts, including vaccination.

Published
2021

14. Clinical standards for the assessment, management and rehabilitation of post-TB lung disease

Author

Migliori, G. B., primary, Marx, F. M., additional, Ambrosino, N., additional, Zampogna, E., additional, Schaaf, H. S., additional, van der Zalm, M. M., additional, Allwood, B., additional, Byrne, A. L., additional, Mortimer, K., additional, Wallis, R. S., additional, Fox, G. J., additional, Leung, C. C., additional, Chakaya, J. M., additional, Seaworth, B., additional, Rachow, A., additional, Marais, B. J., additional, Furin, J., additional, Akkerman, O. W., additional, Al Yaquobi, F., additional, Amaral, A. F. S., additional, Borisov, S., additional, Caminero, J. A., additional, Carvalho, A. C. C., additional, Chesov, D., additional, Codecasa, L. R., additional, Teixeira, R. C., additional, Dalcolmo, M. P., additional, Datta, S., additional, Dinh-Xuan, A-T., additional, Duarte, R., additional, Evans, C. A., additional, García-García, J-M., additional, Günther, G., additional, Hoddinott, G., additional, Huddart, S., additional, Ivanova, O., additional, Laniado-Laborín, R., additional, Manga, S., additional, Manika, K., additional, Mariandyshev, A., additional, Mello, F. C. Q., additional, Mpagama, S. G., additional, Muñoz-Torrico, M., additional, Nahid, P., additional, Ong, C. W. M., additional, Palmero, D. J., additional, Piubello, A., additional, Pontali, E., additional, Silva, D. R., additional, Singla, R., additional, Spanevello, A., additional, Tiberi, S., additional, Udwadia, Z. F., additional, Vitacca, M., additional, Centis, R., additional, D´Ambrosio, L., additional, Sotgiu, G., additional, Lange, C., additional, and Visca, D., additional

Published
2021
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17. TB and COVID-19 co-infection: rationale and aims of a global study

Author

Casco, N., Jorge, A. L., Palmero, D., Alffenaar, J. -W., Fox, G., Ezz, W., Cho, J. -G., Skrahina, A., Solodovnikova, V., Bachez, P., Arbex, M. A., Galvao, T., Rabahi, M., Pereira, G. R., Sales, R., Silva, D. R., Saffie, M. M., Miranda, R. C., Cancino, V., Carbonell, M., Cisterna, C., Concha, C., Cruz, A., Salinas, N. E., Revillot, M. E., Farias, J., Fernandez, I., Flores, X., Gallegos, P., Garavagno, A., Guajardo, C., Bahamondes, M. H., Merino, L. M., Munoz, E., Munoz, C., Navarro, I., Navarro, J., Ortega, C., Palma, S., Pardenas, A. M., Pereira, G., Castillo, P. P., Pinto, M., Pizarro, R., Rivas, F., Rodriguez, P., Sanchez, C., Serrano, A., Soto, A., Taiba, C., Venegas, M., Vergara, M. S., Vilca, E., Villalon, C., Yucra, E., Li, Y., Guelvez, B., Plaza, R., Tello, K., Andrejak, C., Blanc, F. -X., Dourmane, S., Froissart, A., Izadifar, A., Riviere, F., Schlemmer, F., Gupta, N., Ish, P., Mishra, G., Sharma, S., Singla, R., Udwadia, Z. F., Manika, K., Diallo, B. D., Hassane-Harouna, S., Artiles, N., Mejia, L. A., Alladio, F., Calcagno, A., Centis, R., Codecasa, L. R., D'Ambrosio, L., Formenti, B., Gaviraghi, A., Giacomet, V., Goletti, D., Gualano, G., Matteelli, A., Migliori, G. B., Motta, I., Palmieri, F., Prestileo, T., Riccardi, N., Saderi, L., Saporiti, M., Sotgiu, G., Stochino, C., Tadolini, M., Torre, A., Visca, D., Villa, S., Kuksa, L., Danila, E., Diktanas, S., Miliauskas, S., Ridaura, R. L., Lopez, F. L. L., Torrico, M. M., Rendon, A., Akkerman, O. W., Piubello, A., Souleymane, M. B., Aizpurua, E., Gonzales, R., Jurado, J., Loban, A., Aguirre, S., De Egea, V., Irala, S., Medina, A., Sequera, G., Sosa, N., Vazquez, F., Manga, S., Villanueva, R., Araujo, D., Duarte, R., Marques, T. S., Grecu, V. I., Socaci, A., Barkanova, O., Bogorodskaya, M., Borisov, S., Mariandyshev, A., Kaluzhenina, A., Stosic, M., Beh, D., Ng, D., Ong, C. W. M., Solovic, I., Dheda, D., Gina, P., Caminero, J. A., Cardoso-Landivar, J., De Souza Galvao, M. L., Dominguez-Castellano, A., Garcia-Garcia, J. -M., Pinargote, I. M., Fernandez, S. Q., Sanchez-Montalva, A., Huguet, E. T., Murguiondo, M. Z., Bruchfeld, J., Bart, P. -A., Mazza-Stalder, J., Tiberi, S., Arrieta, F., Heysell, S., Logsdon, J., Young, L., Department of Physics [Glasgow], University of Strathclyde [Glasgow], Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universitat de València (UV), Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EMC), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Added Value Solutions (AVS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Departamento de Ingeniería Térmica y de Fluidos, Avda. Universidad 30, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Réanimation Médicale [CHU Henri Mondor - APHP] (DHU A-TVB), CHU Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine [Créteil] (UPEC-Médecine), Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics [Pune] (IUCAA), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Vilnius University [Vilnius], Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo (IMP), University of Cadiz, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda [Madrid, Spain], Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), BIOLOGICAL AND AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY RALEIGH USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine [Créteil] (UPEC-Médecine)-CHU Henri Mondor, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Research design, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MEDLINE, Global Health, medicine, Global health, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Prospective Studies, Intensive care medicine, Prospective cohort study, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, Coinfection, COVID-19, Pulmonary, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Research Design, business, Co infection
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

22. Subgridding to solving magnetostatics within discrete geometric approach

Author

Codecasa, L., Specogna, R., and Trevisan, F.

Subjects
Magnetostatics -- Analysis, Reluctance motors -- Analysis, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

We propose a recipe to construct a symmetric positive definite and consistent reluctance constitutive matrix to be used within discrete geometric approaches when the primal grid is generated by an enhanced subgridding of a generic hexahedral grid. We focus on a magnetostatic problem as working example. Index Terms--Cell method, discrete constitutive relations, magnetostatics, subgridding.

Published
2009

24. Therapeutic strategies and outcomes of MDR and pre-XDR-TB in Italy: a nationwide study

Author

Riccardi, N., primary, Saderi, L., additional, Borroni, E., additional, Tagliani, E., additional, Cirillo, D. M., additional, Marchese, V., additional, Matteelli, A., additional, Piana, A., additional, Castellotti, P., additional, Ferrarese, M., additional, Gualano, G., additional, Palmieri, F., additional, Girardi, E., additional, Codecasa, L., additional, and Sotgiu, G., additional

Published
2021
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28. Should we worry about bedaquiline exposure in the treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis?

Author

Alffenaar, J. -W. C., Akkerman, O. W., Tiberi, S., Sotgiu, G., Migliori, G. B., Montaner, P. G., Palmero, D. J., Denholm, J., Douglas, P., Lau, J. S., Tramontana, A. R., Aleksa, A., Artsukevich, J., Sanukevich, T., Skrahina, A., Solodovnikova, V., Payen, M. -C., Dalcolmo, M., Gaga, M., Manika, K., Papavasileiou, A., Amale, R., Ganatra, S., Mullerpattan, J., Sadutshang, T. D., Topgyal, S., Udwadia, Z. F., Centis, R., Codecasa, L., D'Ambrosio, L., Gualano, G., Palmieri, F., Papalia, A., Pontali, E., Saderi, L., Spanevello, A., Toscanini, F., Viggiani, P., Manga, S., Duarte, R., Cordeiro, C. R., Belilovski, E., Borisov, S. E., Filippov, A., Maryandyshev, A., Dheda, K., Enwerem, M., Esmail, A., Fadul, M., Mastrapa, B. L., Teran Troya, J. L., Oelofse, S., Leyet, R. R., Caminero, J. A., Garcia-Garcia, J. -M., Garcia-Fuertes, J. -A., Martinez, I. C., Bruchfeld, J., Forsman, L. D., Jonsson, J., Kunst, H., White, V., and Zumla, A.

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Standard of care, media_common.quotation_subject, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Antitubercular Agents, World health, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Nothing, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Diarylquinolines, Intensive care medicine, media_common, business.industry, Conflict of interest, Guideline, Precision medicine, 030228 respiratory system, chemistry, Worry, Bedaquiline, business
Abstract

Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) released the updated guideline on the treatment for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment regimens based on new experimental and observational evidence [1]. In this new guidance the most important drugs are the late-generation fluoroquinolones ( i.e. , levofloxacin and moxifloxacin), linezolid, and bedaquiline. Despite the new guidance MDR- and extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB treatment is challenging due to the risk of drug-related adverse events (AE) and drug-drug interactions (DDI). Precision medicine-based approach to minimise the risk of resistance emergence and amplification and to provide patients with the highest standard of care has been recommended [2]. Footnotes This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal . It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article. Conflict of interest: Dr. Alffenaar has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: Dr. Akkerman has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: Dr. Tiberi has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: Dr. Sotgiu has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: Dr. Migliori has nothing to disclose.

Published
2019

29. The evolution of a neglected disease: tuberculosis discoveries in the centuries

Author

RICCARDI, N., CANETTI, D., MARTINI, M., DIAW, M.M., DI BIAGIO, A., CODECASA, L., BARBERIS, I., BRAGAZZI, N.L., and BESOZZI, G.

Subjects
History, Infectious disease, Neglected Diseases, History, 19th Century, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, History, 20th Century, History, 18th Century, humanities, History, Medieval, History, 17th Century, Risk Factors, Humans, Tuberculosis, Phthisis, History, Ancient, Research Article
Abstract

Summary Tuberculosis (TB) and humans have coexisted for more than 40,000 years. The word “tuberculosis” derives from “tubercle”, the histological lesion which appears in the organs, described by Pott in the late Eighteenth century and found, by molecular biology, in human skeletons dating back to 5000 BC. Early description of TB can be found in the writings of ancient India and China and in the Bible. In ancient Greece tuberculosis was not considered contagious, but Aristotle recognized the contagious nature of the pig’s and ox’s scrofula. The suspicion that phthisis is a contagious disease and that isolation can reduce the risk of transmission was expressed for the first time by the Arabian Avicenna, in his work “The canon of medicine”. In 1699, the Health Council of the Republic of Lucca founded the “sanatorium” concept as place of care and isolation. In 1865 Villemain inoculated tubercular material from a human lymph node into a rabbit, obtaining for the first time the typical tubercular lesions. Some years later, on March 24, 1882, Robert Koch announced to the Berlin Society of Physiology the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the same period Virchow improved awareness of risk factors and correct behaviours among the general population. In 1952 Waksman won the Nobel Prize for the discovery of the first active drug against TB: streptomycin. Nevertheless, drug resistance appeared rapidly some years later and it is still a great challenge in TB fight nowadays.

Published
2019

34. The Italian registry of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria - IRENE: The study protocol

Author

Aliberti, S., Codecasa, L. R., Gori, A., Sotgiu, G., Spotti, M., Di Biagio, A., Calcagno, A., Nardini, S., Assael, B. M., Tortoli, E., Besozzi, G., Ferrarese, M., Matteelli, A., Girardi, E., De Lorenzo, S., Seia, M., Gramegna, A., Del Prato, B., Terranova, L., Oriano, M., Sverzellati, N., Mirsaeidi, M., Chalmers, J. D., Haworth, C. S., Loebinger, M. R., Aksamit, T., Winthrop, K., Ringshausen, F. C., Previdi, G., Blasi, F., Fusetti, G., Martorana, M., Colella, G., Verga, G., Carbone, G., Damilano, I., Nava, F., Pancini, L., Pasat, A., and Vanoni, N.

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, M. Avium, Atypical mycobacteria, Bronchiectasis, COPD, Cystic fibrosis, HIV, Lung transplant, M. Intracellulare, NTM, NTM-PD, Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Original Research Article, 030212 general & internal medicine, Case report form, lcsh:RC705-779, business.industry, lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, Biobank, 030228 respiratory system, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Emergency medicine, NTM-PD, Observational study, NTM, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Background A substantial increase in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary diseases due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been documented worldwide, especially among subjects suffering from chronic respiratory diseases and immunocompromised patients. Many questions remain regarding the epidemiology of pulmonary disease due to NTM (NTM-PD) mainly because reporting of NTM-PD to health authorities is not mandated in several countries, including Italy. This manuscript describes the protocol of the first Italian registry of adult patients with respiratory infections caused by NTM (IRENE). Methods IRENE is an observational, multicenter, prospective, cohort study enrolling consecutive adult patients with either a NTM respiratory isolate or those with NTM-PD. A total of 41 centers, including mainly pulmonary and infectious disease departments, joined the registry so far. Adult patients with all of the following are included in the registry: 1) at least one positive culture for any NTM species from any respiratory sample; 2) at least one positive culture for NTM isolated in the year prior the enrolment and/or prescribed NTM treatment in the year prior the enrolment; 3) given consent to inclusion in the study. No exclusion criteria are applied to the study. Patients are managed according to standard operating procedures implemented in each IRENE clinical center. An online case report form has been developed to collect patients’ demographics, comorbidities, microbiological, laboratory, functional, radiological, clinical, treatment and outcome data at baseline and on an annual basis. An IRENE biobank has also been developed within the network and linked to the clinical data of the registry. Conclusions IRENE has been developed to inform the clinical and scientific community on the current management of adult patients with NTM respiratory infections in Italy and acts as a national network to increase the disease’s awareness. Trial registration Clinicaltrial.gov: NCT03339063.

Published
2018

36. Determinants of patient and health care services delays for tuberculosis diagnosis in Italy: A cross-sectional observational study

Author

Peri, A, Bernasconi, D, Galizzi, N, Matteelli, A, Codecasa, L, Giorgio, V, Di Biagio, A, Franzetti, F, Cingolani, A, Gori, A, Lapadula, G, Peri, AM, Bernasconi, DP, Peri, A, Bernasconi, D, Galizzi, N, Matteelli, A, Codecasa, L, Giorgio, V, Di Biagio, A, Franzetti, F, Cingolani, A, Gori, A, Lapadula, G, Peri, AM, and Bernasconi, DP

Abstract

Background: Prompt diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) has paramount importance to reduce TB morbidity and mortality and to prevent the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Few studies so far have assessed the diagnostic delay of TB and its risk factors in low-incidence countries. Methods: We present a cross-sectional multicentre observational study enrolling all consecutive patients diagnosed with TB in seven referral centres in Italy. Information on demographic and clinical characteristics, health-seeking trajectories and patients' knowledge and awareness of TB were collected. Diagnostic delay was assessed as patient-related (time between symptoms onset and presentation to care) and healthcare-related (time between presentation to care and TB diagnosis). Factors associated with patient-related and healthcare-related delays in the highest tertile were explored using uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: We enrolled 137 patients, between June 2011 and May 2012. The median diagnostic delay was 66 days (Interquartile Range [IQR] 31-146). Patient-related and healthcare-related delay were 14.5 days (IQR 0-54) and 31 days (IQR: 7.25-85), respectively. Using multivariable analysis, patients living in Italy for < 5 years were more likely to have longer patient-related delay (> 3 weeks) than those living in Italy for > 5 years (Odds Ratio [OR] 3.47; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.09-11.01). The most common self-reported reasons to delay presentation to care were the mild nature of symptoms (82%) and a good self-perceived health (76%). About a quarter (26%) of patients had wrong beliefs and little knowledge of TB, although this was not associated with longer diagnostic delay. Regarding healthcare-related delay, multivariate analysis showed that extra-pulmonary TB (OR 4.3; 95% CI 1.4-13.8) and first contact with general practitioner (OR 5.1; 95% CI 1.8-14.5) were both independently associated with higher risk of healthcare-related delay > 10 weeks. C

Published
2018

38. Modelling piezoelectric energy harvesters by a finite integration technique formulation for electromechanical coupled problems

Author

Moro, F., Desideri, D., ALBERTO DORIA, Maschio, A., Medé, C., and Codecasa, L.

Subjects
Finite element method, Cell method, Energy harvesting, Applied Mathematics, Multiphysics, Elements finits, Mètode dels, Coupled problems, Finite integration technique, Piezoelectric, Engineering (all), Computational Mathematics, Matemàtiques i estadística::Anàlisi numèrica::Mètodes en elements finits [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Computer Science::Other, Coupled Problems, Multiphysics, Piezoelectric, Energy Harvesting, Finite Integration Technique, Cell Method, Coupled problems (Complex systems) -- Numerical solutions
Abstract

A detailed analysis and optimization of piezoelectric devices, which nowadays are of widespread use in electronic applications, requires numerical analysis. Numerical models based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) have already been proposed in literature. The Finite Integration Technique (FIT) provides stable and consistent discretization schemes for coupled multiphysics problems. A FIT formulation with unstructured meshes, for 2-D/3-D coupled electromechanical static or dynamic problems, is presented. Piezoelectric bimorph cantilevers, with a realistic multilayered geometry, can be analyzed. Comparisons with FEM show the validity and the accuracy of the method.

Published
2017

41. Resistance to second-line injectables and treatment outcomes in multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis cases

Author

Migliori, G. B., Lange, C., Centis, R., Sotgiu, G., Mutterlein, R., Hoffmann, H., Kliiman, K., De Iaco, G., Lauria, F. N., Richardson, M. D., Spanevello, A., Cirillo, D. M., Ortmann, J., Kirsten, D., Ruesch Gerdes, S., Piana, F., Gori, A., Codecasa, L. R., Ferrarese, M., Toungoussova, O. S., Ferrara, Giovanni, Matteelli, A., De Lorenzo, S., Troupioti, P., Besozzi, G., Fattorini, L., Iona, E., Gualano, A., De Mori, P., Bevilacqua, N., Girardi, E., Danilovits, M., Hollo, V., and Mariandyshev, A.

Subjects
Estonia, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive, Capreomycin, FLUOROQUINOLONES, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, media_common.quotation_subject, Drug Resistance, Antitubercular Agents, Drug resistance, Injections, Russia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Germany, Internal medicine, tuberculosis MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS, Humans, Medicine, Registries, Treatment Failure, XDR-TB, media_common, biology, business.industry, Bacterial, Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, Odds ratio, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Injectable second-line drugs, Injections, Intravenous, Italy, Surgery, Multiple drug resistance, drug resistance, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, injectable second-line drugs, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, tuberculosis MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS, XDR-TB, FLUOROQUINOLONES, Intravenous, business, Multiple, medicine.drug
Abstract

No information is currently available on the influence of injectable second-line drugs on treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) patients. To investigate this issue, a large series of MDR- and XDR-TB cases diagnosed in Estonia, Germany, Italy and the Russian Federation (Archangels Oblast) between 1999 and 2006 were analysed. All study sites performed drug susceptibility testing for first- and second-line anti-TB drugs, laboratory quality assurance and treatment delivery according to World Health Organization recommendations. Out of 4,583 culture-confirmed cases, 240 MDR- and 48 XDR-TB cases had a definitive outcome recorded (treatment success, death, failure). Among MDR- and XDR-TB cases, capreomycin resistance yielded a higher proportion of failure and death than capreomycin-susceptible cases. Resistance to capreomycin was independently associated with unfavourable outcome (logistic regression analysis: odds ratio 3.51). In the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, resistance to the injectable drug capreomycin was an independent predictor for therapy failure in this cohort. As Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance is increasing worldwide, there is an urgent need for novel interventions in the fight against tuberculosis.

Published
2008

46. Recommendations for pediatric tuberculosis vaccination in Italy

Author

Montagnani, C, Esposito, S, Galli, L, Chiappini, E, Principi, N, de Martino, M, Bosis, S, Tagliabue, C, Senatore, L, Ascolese, B, Villani, A, Lancella, L, Cursi, L, Grandin, A, Marabotto, C, Ciofi, D, Festini, F, Anziati, M, Becciani, S, Remaschi, G, Sollai, S, Tersigni, C, Venturini, E, Guarino, A, Lo Vecchio, A, Scotto, R, Gabiano, C, Garazzino, S, Le Serre, D, Raffaldi, I, Bernardi, F, Bertazzoni, E, Blasi, F, Bocchino, M, Assante, L, Castagnola, E, Losurdo, G, Codecasa, L, Di Mauro, G, Faccini, M, Marseglia, G, Mascolo, A, Di Comite, A, Stronati, M, Matteelli, A, Migliori, Gb, D’Ambrosio, L, Centis, R, Pasinato, Cirillo, Tortoli, Russo, Scaglione, F, Scala, E, and Tomà, P

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Immunology, Breastfeeding, Tuberculin, Reviews, Disease, Tuberculous meningitis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, children, prevention, BCG, tuberculosis, vaccination, vaccine, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Immunization Schedule, Pharmacology, business.industry, medicine.disease, Settore MED/38, Pediatric tuberculosis, Vaccination, Italy, BCG Vaccine, business, BCG vaccine
Abstract

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is still the only vaccine approved for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB), and is widely used in highly endemic countries, where all newborns receive a single intradermal dose immediately after birth; however, the recommendations concerning its use in Europe vary widely from country to country. This document describes the recommendations of a group of Italian scientific societies concerning its pediatric use in Italy, the persistence of the protection it provides, its safety, its interference with tuberculin skin test (TST) responses, and the children who should be vaccinated. The experts conclude that BCG vaccination provides a good level of protection against tuberculous meningitis and disseminated forms, and a fair level of protection against pulmonary disease; the protective effective lasts at least 10 years, and revaccination offers no advantages over a single administration. The vaccine is safe in immunocompetent subjects, and affects the response to a TST for at least 6 y On the basis of these observations, we recommend its use in Italy in all TST-negative immunocompetent newborns and breastfeeding infants aged

Published
2015

47. Characterizing non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection in bronchiectasis

Author

Faverio, P, Stainer, A, Bonaiti, G, Zucchetti, S, Simonetta, E, Lapadula, G, Marruchella, A, Gori, A, Blasi, F, Codecasa, L, Pesci, A, Chalmers, J, Loebinger, M, Aliberti, S, Faverio, P, Stainer, A, Bonaiti, G, Zucchetti, S, Simonetta, E, Lapadula, G, Marruchella, A, Gori, A, Blasi, F, Codecasa, L, Pesci, A, Chalmers, J, Loebinger, M, and Aliberti, S

Abstract

Chronic airway infection is a key aspect of the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis. A growing interest has been raised on non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection. We aimed at describing the clinical characteristics, diagnostic process, therapeutic options and outcomes of bronchiectasis patients with pulmonary NTM (pNTM) disease. This was a prospective, observational study enrolling 261 adult bronchiectasis patients during the stable state at the San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy, from 2012 to 2015. Three groups were identified: pNTM disease; chronic P. aeruginosa infection; chronic infection due to bacteria other than P. aeruginosa. NTM were isolated in 32 (12%) patients, and among them, a diagnosis of pNTM disease was reached in 23 cases. When compared to chronic P. aeruginosa infection, patients with pNTM were more likely to have cylindrical bronchiectasis and a “tree-in-bud” pattern, a history of weight loss, a lower disease severity and a lower number of pulmonary exacerbations. Among pNTM patients who started treatment, 68% showed a radiological improvement, and 37% achieved culture conversion without recurrence, while 21% showed NTM isolation recurrence. NTM isolation seems to be a frequent event in bronchiectasis patients, and few parameters might help to suspect NTM infection. Treatment indications and monitoring still remain an important area for future research.

Published
2016

48. Monitoring the quality of laboratories and the prevalence of resistance to antituberculosis drugs: Italy, 1998–2000

Author

Migliori, G. B., Fattorini, L., Vaccarino, R., Besozzi, G., Saltini, C., Orefici, G., Iona, E., Matteelli, A., Fiorentini, F., Codecasa, L. R., Casali, Lucio, Cassone, A., De Santis, A., Giorgio, V., Vinciguerra, P., Angarano, G., Petrozzi, L., Costa, D., Gozzellino, F., Perboni, A., Marchetti, D., Pascali, A., Falcone, F., Mariano, V., Rizza, F., Pretto, P., Turano, A., Carosi, G. P., Farris, A. G., Ligia, G. P., Orani, G., Farris, B., Foschi, C., Trucco, G., Aiolfi, S., Ceruti, T., Parpanesi, M., Calabro, S., Felisatti, G., Tortoli, E., Nutini, S., Montini, G., D'Ambrosio, V., Ceraminiello, A., Bernorio, S., Buono, L., Montesano, P., Vinci, E., Sabato, E., Gamba, S., Crepaldi, P., Magliano, E., Penati, V., Vaccarino, P., Astolfi, A., Bertoli, G., Rupianesi, F., Losi, M., Richeldi, L., Ferrara, Giovanni, Minuccio, E., Napolitano, G., Molinari, G. L., Saini, L., Garzone, A., Vertuccio, C., Marcias, S., Menozzi, M., Marone, P., Peona, V., Nascimbene, C., Pasi, A., Cascina, A., Monaco, A., Penza, O., Pasticci, Maria Bruna, Bistoni, F., Sposini, T., Colorizio, V., Confalonieri, M., Bottrighi, P., Macor, G., Moretti, G., Fatigante, R., Barbaro, A., Agati, G., Zaccara, F., Viola, S., Le Donne, R., Farinelli, G., Mancini, D., Ermeti, M., Longi, R., Tronci, M., Bisetti, A., Altieri, A., and Fadda, G.

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Prevalence of resistance, Drug Resistance, Antitubercular Agents, Drug resistance, Proficiency testing, Drug, Immigrant, Susceptibility testing, Emigration and Immigration, Humans, Italy, Laboratories, Prevalence, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, Internal medicine, medicine, Ethambutol, business.industry, Public health, Isoniazid, Bacterial, Multidrug-Resistant, medicine.disease, Surgery, Streptomycin, business, Multiple, Rifampicin, medicine.drug
Abstract

In 1998 a network of 20 regional tuberculosis (TB) laboratories (the Italian Multicentre Study on Resistance to Antituberculosis drugs (SMIRA) network) was established in Italy to implement proficiency testing and to monitor the prevalence of drug resistance nationwide. The network managed 30% of all TB cases reported in Italy each year. The aim of the present report is to describe: 1) the accuracy of drug-susceptibility testing in the network; 2) the prevalence of drug resistance for the period 1998-2000. Data were collected from the network laboratories. Sensitivity to streptomycin and ethambutol increased from the first survey (1998-1999) to the second survey (2000) from 87.7 to 91.9%. Specificity, predictive values for resistance and susceptibility, efficiency and reproducibility were consistent in both surveys. In previously untreated cases, the prevalence of multidrug-resistance was the same in both surveys (1.2%), while a slight decrease from the first to the second survey was observed for monoresistance to rifampicin (from 0.8 to 0.4%) and isoniazid (from 2.9 to 2%). The significant association found between isoniazid resistance and immigration is a useful indicator for both clinicians managing individual tuberculosis cases and public health services planning control strategies.

Published
2003

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