Search

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) pesticide application in recent years owing to its importance such as time saving, reduction in human drudgery and also reduction in pesticides application rate. UAV has a great potential to address the problem involved in manual chemicals spraying in tall crops like coconut plantation where at present operation performed by manual climbing involves lots of drudgery and life risk. The current study aimed to understand the most influencing spraying parameters, such as spray height and spray time of the UAV sprayer on droplet characteristics such as spray droplet size, spray coverage and spray deposition at different layers (spindle, middle and bottom) of coconut tree canopy. The selected spray height (1, 2 and 3 m) and spray time (5, 8 and 11 s) significantly affects (p

Copyright of Revista Daena: International Journal of Good Conscience is the property of Spenta University Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present compendium is based on the findings of a research work on the survey of nematodes belonging to the family Aphelenchoidea in the northeastern states of India and the literature available on this particular species, mainly from Manipur. During the study, a total of 12 Aphelenchoides spp. were found, among which six species were reported for the first time from Manipur. A new species, Aphelenchoides oryzae is also described in the present article. The present study will help in making us understand the biodiversity status of Aphelenchoides nematodes in the region. Diagnosis of the species and illustrations along with dichotomous keys are provided in the manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In nations where tree harvesting constitutes a significant aspect of the economy, such as Tanzania, falls from trees represent a prevalent cause of traumatic injuries. This study investigates the characteristics of traumatic spinal injuries (TSIs) resulting from falls from coconut trees. (CTFs). This was a retrospective study of a prospectively maintained spine trauma database at Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute (MOI). We included patients older than 14 years, admitted for TSI secondary to CTF, and with a traumatism not more than 2 months before the admission. Our study analyzed patient data from January 2017 to December 2021. We compiled demographic and clinical information and details such as the distance from the site of trauma to the hospital, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment (ASIA) scale assessment, time to surgery, AOSpine classification, and discharge status. Descriptive analysis was done using data management software. No statistical computing was done. We included 44 patients, all of whom were male, with a mean age of 34.3 ± 12.1 years. At admission, 47.7% of the patients had an ASIA A injury, with the lumbar spine being the most commonly fractured level at 40.9%. In contrast, only 13.6% of the cases involved the cervical spine. Most (65.9%) of the fractures were classified as type A compression fractures (AO classification). Nearly all patients admitted (95.5%) had surgical indications, but only 52.4% received surgical treatment. The overall mortality rate was 4.5%. With respect to neurologic improvement, only 11.4% experienced an improvement in their ASIA score at discharge, the majority of who were in the surgical group. The present study demonstrates that CTFs in Tanzania constitute a substantial source of TSIs, frequently resulting in severe lumbar injuries. These findings underscore the need for the implementation of educational and preventive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) pesticide application in recent years owing to its importance such as time saving, reduction in human drudgery and also reduction in pesticides application rate. UAV has a great potential to address the problem involved in manual chemicals spraying in tall crops like coconut plantation where at present operation performed by manual climbing involves lots of drudgery and life risk. The current study aimed to understand the most influencing spraying parameters, such as spray height and spray time of the UAV sprayer on droplet characteristics such as spray droplet size, spray coverage and spray deposition at different layers (spindle, middle and bottom) of coconut tree canopy. The selected spray height (1, 2 and 3 m) and spray time (5, 8 and 11 s) significantly affects ( p  < 0.05) the droplet size (μm), spray coverage (%) and spray deposition (μl cm -2 ). In spray droplet size, the treatment T4, T5, T7 and T8 were recorded recommended droplet size of 50-400 μm in all layer of the coconut tree canopy. In spray coverage, the nearest value for recommended spray coverage of 10-20 % was observed for T1 and T5 treatment in all layer of the coconut tree canopy. The maximum penetration efficiency of 34.41 % had achieved at spray height of 2m and spray time of 8s (treatment T5). Based on performance of selected parameter, the spray height of 2 m and spray time of 8 s (treatment T5) was found best for spraying operation using UAV in coconut tree. The results showed the performance of the UAV offers best alternative for spraying operation on coconut tree and also this system will drastically reduce application time, labour requirement and improved the safety of coconut farmers., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Let G be a (p, q) graph. Let f be a map from V (G) to the set {1, 2, · · ·, k} where k is an integer 2 < k ≤ |V (G)|. For each edge uv assign the label r where r is the remainder when f(u) is divided by f(v) (or) f(v) is divided by f(u) according as f(u) ≥ f(v) or f(v) ≥ f(u). The function f is called a k-remainder cordial labeling of G if |vf (i) − vf (j)| ≤ 1, i, j ∈ {1, · · ·, k} where vf (x) denote the number of vertices labelled with x and |ηo − ηe| ≤ 1 where ηe and ηo respectively denote the number of edges labeled with even integers and number of edges labelled with odd integers. A graph with a k-remainder cordial labeling is called a k-remainder cordial graph. In this paper we investigate the 4−remainder cordial labeling behavior of banana tree, coconut tree, bamboo tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brown sugar is one of the artificial sweetener products made from coconut sap water and has long been produced by the Indonesian people. Brown sugar is also an alternative food sweetener that is the main source of livelihood for some rural Kalijeruk communities. The purpose of this study was to determine the productivity and contribution of brown sugar to people’s incomes and the utilization of coconut tree resources. Calculation of productivity and income contribution of the Kalijeruk village community because during a pandemic like today, many people have lost their jobs so as to cope with the economy. Some people take advantage of the natural resources of coconut trees in the community by making brown sugar and market snacks. The method used by the author is the direct observation method of making brown sugar from tapping or tapping to making and packaging brown sugar so that sales generate quite a lot of income, from that the packaging is made varied.

There is an acute shortage of human coconut tree climbers to harvest coconuts in India and other developing countries. The consequential diminished availability of skilled tree climbers, to pass along the trade secrets to the succeeding generations, highlights the exigent need for an unmanned coconut-tree-climber as an alternative solution. This article presents Amaran, a novel robotic coconut tree climber and harvester. Amaran is comprised of a harvester with a distinctive robotic arm (RA) and a cutter, which can be attached to a ring-shaped frame that can be fastened to a coconut tree. Amaran can be controlled, through a wireless interface, either by an operator on the ground or via a smartphone-based app. Once dispositioned in the vicinity of the coconut bunch, the cutter is commanded to harvest the coconuts by cutting the stem of the bunch attached to the tree. Verification of the Amaran robot's viability was confirmed by tests conducted on a coconut tree set up in the design lab. Subsequently, the design of the Amaran robot was validated by field tests on a coconut farm. In this article, we discuss the design of the Amaran body and harvester. Amaran's dexterity in climbing and harvesting coconuts can be challenged by height, circumference, and inclination of the tree. Experimental results show that Amaran can successfully climb trees up to 15.2 m tall, circumferences ranging from 0.66 to 0.92 m, and tree trunk inclinations of up to 30°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we describe the male of Scutopalus tomentosusRocha, Skvarla & Ferla, 2013 and a new species Armascirus amazoniensis Wurlitzer & Silva sp. nov. from specimens collected on coconut crop, Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae), cultivated in state of Pará, into the Amazonic biome, Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classification of trees based on morphological parameters is important for identification, taxonomy, ecological research, conservation etc. The manual measurement of these parameters is tedious, laborious, and inconsistent. Even though there are many tree classification methods based on the morphological parameters available in the literature, there is hardly any research in classification of Coconut trees based on morphological parameters. This research proposes a novel hybrid fuzzy support vector machine approach for classification of Coconut trees based on three critical morphological parameters such as height, inclination, and orientation. A fuzzy logic-based parameter measurement from image is used to estimate critical morphological parameters the from the images. An original dataset of 17000 images of Indian west coast tall Coconut trees is created to train and test the proposed method. The classification for each of the three parameters is carried out separately using fuzzy logic and support vector machine and the best classification is chosen using confidence voting method. The final classification of the Coconut trees based on all the three parameters is obtained using weight-based indexing by combining the individual outcome of confidence voting method. The results showed that the proposed architecture gives better performance than state-of-the-art classifiers, with an accuracy of 88.86%. The statistical analysis showed that the proposed architecture is stable and robust than other methods, gives least confidence interval value of ± 2.5, ± 3.2, ± 1.9 for three different datasets other than the original dataset. [Display omitted] • Coconut tree dataset of 17000 with morphological parameters. • Classification of coconut trees using morphological parameters. • Novel hybrid method of fuzzy and support vector machine for classification. • Measured the morphological parameters of coconut tree using fuzzy. • Confidence voting and indexing for integration of fuzzy and support vector machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a simple and efficient image processing method for estimating the number of coconut trees in the Tonga region using very high spatial resolution data (30 cm) in the blue, green, red and near infrared spectral bands acquired by the WorldView-3 sensor. The method is based on the detection of tree shadows and the further analysis to reject false detection using geometrical properties of the derived segments. The algorithm is evaluated by comparing coconut tree counts derived by an expert through photo-interpretation over 57 randomly distributed (4% sampling rate) segments of 200 m × 200 m over the Vaini region of the Tongatapu island. The number of detected trees agreed within 5% versus validation data. The proposed method was also evaluated over the whole Tonga archipelago by comparing satellite-derived estimates to the 2015 agricultural census data—the total tree counts for both Tonga and Tongatapu agreed within 3%.

Defensive mechanism of plants towards pest have been evolved through time. The plant counters the parasite attack through various responses in the morphological, biochemical and molecular mechanism. The interaction between red palm weevil (RPW) infestation on coconut tree may stimulate the plant early defense responses towards the pathogenesis. This infestation induces the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a plant as an early defense response as well as other markers such as elevated concentrations of certain metabolites. Thus, the study aims to measure the changes of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total ion leakage in the leaves of coconut trees in responses to RPW infestation. Two coconut cultivars, 'MATAG' and 'PANDAN' (2 years old) were introduced to 10 individuals of RPWs for 28 days. The H2O2, MDA and total ion leakage were assayed on 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of infestation. The 'MATAG' cultivar showed higher H2O2 concentration at day 21. As for the 'PANDAN' cultivar, the H2O2 concentration was constant at day 0 up to day 14 and drastically declined at day 21. However, the reverse trend was observed in control plants. MDA concentration was enhanced in 'MATAG' and 'PANDAN' after day 0 to 14 days and declined afterwards. Percentage of total ion leakage was dropped after 14 days of experiment in 'MATAG' cultivar. However, infested 'PANDAN' cultivar slowly induced the percentage of total ion leakage after 21 days of treatments. The results revealed that these oxidative stress markers responded differently on every stages of infestation. 'MATAG' cultivar produced higher amount of H2O2, lipid peroxidation and total ion leakage compared to 'PANDAN' cultivar especially at 21 days of experiment. It is suggested that 'PANDAN' cultivar is more tolerance against RPW infestation compared to 'MATAG' cultivar. However, longer incubation period is required for further evaluation on the early responses of both cultivars against the infestation by RPW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]