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3. Producción de metano in vitro y características fermentativas de gramíneas forrajeras templadas y tropicales

Author

Rivas Martínez, Mayra Iliana, Cobos Peralta, Mario, Ley de Coss, Alejandro, Bárcena Gama, Ricardo, González Muñoz, Sergio S., Rivas Martínez, Mayra Iliana, Cobos Peralta, Mario, Ley de Coss, Alejandro, Bárcena Gama, Ricardo, and González Muñoz, Sergio S.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to evaluatein vitromethane (CH4) production, carbon dioxide (CO2), and fermentative variablesfrom template and tropical grasses: The experiment was designed as arandomized complete design, CH4and CO2were higher in tropical grasses(199.20, 55.78, and 121.58 mL g Dry matter, DM) compared templategrasses (61.87, 26.6 and 52.9 mL g DM−1respectively). Volatile fatty acidproduction was highest (P < 0,05) from template grasses. However, aceticacid production considered a precursor to CH4was mayor from tropicalgrass. pH and total bacteria population were similar by grasses. The conclu-sions were: evaluated tropical grasses increased the biogas production pergram of dry matter fermented and acetic acid amount and consequently themethane production was incremented., El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la producción invitro de metano (CH4), dióxido de carbono (CO2), y variables fermentativas de gramíneas templadas y tropicales. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar. La producción de biogás, CH4y CO2fue mayor en las gramíneas tropicales (199.20, 55.78, y 121.58 mL g materia seca (MS)comparada con las de clima templado (61.87, 26.6 y 52.9 mL g MS−1),respectivamente. La producción de ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV) (mmolL−1) fue mayor (P < 0,05) en las gramíneas templadas. Sin embargo, la producción de ácido acético, precursor del CH4fue mayor en las tropicales. El pH y la población de bacterias ruminales fueron similares entre gramíneas. Conclusión: las gramíneas tropicales evaluadas incrementaron la producción de biogás por gramo de materia seca fermentada, la cantidad de ácido acético y como consecuencia también se incrementó la producción de CH4.

Published
2023

5. Producción de metano in vitro y características fermentativas de gramíneas forrajeras templadas y tropicales.

Author

Iliana Rivas-Martínez, Mayra, Antonio Cobos-Peralta, Mario, Ley-de Coss, Alejandro, Ricardo Bárcena-Gama, José, and Segundo González-Muñoz, Sergio

Subjects
BIOGAS production, GREENHOUSE gases, ACETIC acid, FERMENTATION, CARBON dioxide, RUMINANTS, FATTY acids, LIVESTOCK, GRASSES, BIOGAS, METHANE as fuel, METHANE
Abstract

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2023
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16. Erratum: Rumen microbial community composition varies with diet and host, but a core microbiome is found across a wide geographical range

Author

Henderson, Gemma, Cox, Faith, Ganesh, Siva, Jonker, Arjan, Young, Wayne, Abecia, Leticia, Angarita, Erika, Aravena, Paula, Nora Arenas, Graciela, Ariza, Claudia, Attwood, Graeme T., Mauricio Avila, Jose, Avila-stagno, Jorge, Bannink, André, Barahona, Rolando, Batistotti, Mariano, Bertelsen, Mads F., Brown-Kav, Aya, Carvajal, Andres M., Cersosimo, Laura, Vieira Chaves, Alexandre, Church, John, Clipson, Nicholas, Cobos-peralta, Mario A., Cookson, Adrian L., Cravero, Silvio, Cristobal Carballo, Omar, Crosley, Katie, Cruz, Gustavo, Cerón Cucchi, María, de la Barra, Rodrigo, de Menezes, Alexandre B., Detmann, Edenio, Dieho, Kasper, Dijkstra, Jan, Dos Reis, William L.S., Dugan, Mike E.R., Hadi Ebrahimi, Seyed, Eythórsdóttir, Emma, Nde Fon, Fabian, Fraga, Martín, Franco, Francisco, Friedeman, Chris, Fukuma, Naoki, Gagić, Dragana, Gangnat, Isabelle, Javier Grilli, Diego, Guan, Le Luo, Heidarian Miri, Vahideh, Hernandez-Sanabria, Emma, Gomez, Alma Ximena Ibarra, Isah, Olubukola A., Ishaq, Suzanne, Jami, Elie, Jelincic, Juan, Kantanen, Juha, Kelly, William J., Kim, Seon-Ho, Klieve, Athol, Kobayashi, Yasuo, Koike, Satoshi, Kopecny, Jan, Nygaard Kristensen, Torsten, Julie Krizsan, Sophie, Lachance, Hannah, Lachman, Medora, Lamberson, William R., Lambie, Suzanne, Lassen, Jan, Leahy, Sinead C., Lee, Sang-Suk, Leiber, Florian, Lewis, Eva, Lin, Bo, Lira, Raúl, Lund, Peter, Macipe, Edgar, Mamuad, Lovelia L., Cuquetto Mantovani, Hilário, Marcoppido, Gisela Ariana, Márquez, Cristian, Martin, Cécile, Martinez, Gonzalo, Eugenia Martinez, Maria, Lucía Mayorga, Olga, McAllister, Tim A., McSweeney, Chris, Mestre, Lorena, Minnee, Elena, Mitsumori, Makoto, Mizrahi, Itzhak, Molina, Isabel, Muenger, Andreas, Muñoz, Camila, Murovec, Bostjan, Newbold, John, Nsereko, Victor, O’donovan, Michael, Okunade, Sunday, O’neill, Brendan, Ospina, Sonia, Ouwerkerk, Diane, Parra, Diana, Pereira, Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro, Pinares-patiño, Cesar, Pope, Phil B., Poulsen, Morten, Rodehutscord, Markus, Rodriguez, Tatiana, Saito, Kunihiko, Sales, Francisco, Sauer, Catherine, Shingfield, Kevin, Shoji, Noriaki, Simunek, Jiri, Stojanović-Radić, Zorica, Stres, Blaz, Sun, Xuezhao, Swartz, Jeffery, Liang Tan, Zhi, Tapio, Ilma, Taxis, Tasia M., Tomkins, Nigel, Ungerfeld, Emilio, Valizadeh, Reza, van Adrichem, Peter, van Hamme, Jonathan, van Hoven, Woulter, Waghorn, Garry, Wallace, John R., Wang, Min, Waters, Sinéad M., Keogh, Kate, Witzig, Maren, Wright, Andre-Denis G., Yamano, Hidehisa, Yan, Tianhai, Yáñez-ruiz, David R., Yeoman, Carl J., Zambrano, Ricardo, Zeitz, Johanna, Zhou, Mi, Wei Zhou, Hua, Xia Zou, Cai, Zunino, Pablo, and Janssen, Peter H.

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Animal Nutrition, WIAS, Life Science, Laboratorium voor Plantenfysiologie, Diervoeding, Laboratory of Plant Physiology
Abstract

Ruminant livestock are important sources of human food and global greenhouse gas emissions. Feed degradation and methane formation by ruminants rely on metabolic interactions between rumen microbes and affect ruminant productivity. Rumen and camelid foregut microbial community composition was determined in 742 samples from 32 animal species and 35 countries, to estimate if this was influenced by diet, host species, or geography. Similar bacteria and archaea dominated in nearly all samples, while protozoal communities were more variable. The dominant bacteria are poorly characterised, but the methanogenic archaea are better known and highly conserved across the world. This universality and limited diversity could make it possible to mitigate methane emissions by developing strategies that target the few dominant methanogens. Differences in microbial community compositions were predominantly attributable to diet, with the host being less influential. There were few strong co-occurrence patterns between microbes, suggesting that major metabolic interactions are non-selective rather than specific.

Published
2016

18. The influence of copper levels on in vitro ruminal fermentation, bacterial growth and methane production.

Author

Hernández‐Sánchez, David, Cervantes‐Gómez, Daniel, Ramírez‐Bribiesca, J Efrén, Cobos‐Peralta, Mario, Pinto‐Ruiz, René, Astigarraga, Laura, and Gere, José I

Subjects
RUMINANTS, COPPER in the body, MOLYBDENUM, CYTOCHROME oxidase, COPPER sulfate, METHANOGENS
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Copper (Cu) is an essential microelement to the health and proper functioning of metabolic processes in animals, but the particular function of Cu in fermentation processes and the formation of methane (CH4) in the rumen have been poorly analyzed. The innovative aspect of this study was to investigate the effects of high doses of Cu as copper sulfate on in vitro ruminal degradation, fermentation patterns, and CH4 production. RESULTS: There was a decrease (P < 0.04) on in vitro dry matter (DM) and organic matter degradability from 60 to 100 µg Cu/g DM. Ammonia concentration decreased drastically with increasing Cu levels (linear effect, P < 0.01). Total bacteria and volatile fatty acids (quadratic effect, P < 0.02) were reduced with 80 and 100 µg Cu/g DM. Methane production (milliliters per gram digestible organic matter) was decreased when dosages of Cu were increased (linear effect, P < 0.003). CONCLUSION: Overall, the addition of increasing levels of Cu to 40 µg Cu/g DM did not have an adverse impact on ruminal bacteria growth and decreased CH4 production, without affecting the ruminal kinetics. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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19. Theorgano-mineral fertilization on the yield of faba bean in soil and hydroponics in protected agriculture.

Author

Vela Coyotl, Maria de los Angeles, López Tecpoyotl, Zenón Gerardo, Sandoval Castro, Engelberto, Tornero Campante, Mario Alberto, and Cobos Peralta, Mario Antonio

Subjects
FAVA bean, CROP yields, HYDROPONICS, PLANT nutrition, PLANT fertilization
Abstract

The faba bean is a crop of great social and economic importance in the High Valleys of the Central Table of Mexico, having as a final destination the human and animal consumption. Despite its importance, grain yields are low, with inadequate fertilization being one of the reasons. The present investigation was carried out with the purpose of determining the effect of organo-mineral fertilization on the yield of faba bean, soil and substrate tezontle. The research was conducted from December 2013-April 2014, in the municipality of San Pedro Cholula, Puebla, under greenhouse conditions, using Cochinera Cultivation seed. Two factors were studied: foliar liquid biofertilization and Steiner nutrient solution concentration at 50% and 100%. The biofertilizers studied were from Taiwanese continuous flow digesters located in the municipalities of San Felipe Teotlalcingo and Huejotzingo, Puebla. The experimental design of the works was completely random and factorial treatment arrangement, with five repetitions. The results showed that, for the cultivation in soil, the treatments did not present differences in the yield of fresh fruit, but there were significant differences in yield of dry fruit where the application of liquid biofertilizer from San Felipe Teotlalcingo had the best results. While the application of a complete organo-mineral fertilization in tezontle substrate resulted in the best response in yield of fresh and dry fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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20. RENDIMIENTO DE CORDEROS EN CRECIMIENTO ALIMENTADOS CON ENSILADOS DE POLLINAZA, CERDAZA Y UREA CON MELAZA DE CAÑA O UN SUBPRODUCTO DE PANADERÍA.

Author

L. Bórquez-Gastelúm, José, Trujillo-Gutiérrez, Daniel, A. Domínguez-Vara, Ignacio, Pinos-Rodríguez, Juan M., and A. Cobos-Peralta, Mario

Abstract

Copyright of Agrociencia is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2018

21. EFECTO in vitro DE DIETAS PARA CORDEROS MÁS UN SUPLEMENTO DE GRANOS SECOS DE DESTILERÍA EN LA FERMENTACIÓN RUMINAL Y EMISIONES DE GASES.

Author

Cobos-Peralta, Mario A., Curzaynz-Leyva, Karym R., Rivas-Martínez, Mayra I., Santillán-Gómez, Emma A., and Bárcena, José R.

Abstract

Most of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock production is attributed to ruminants. As a consequence of its warming potential, methane is the most important GHG, and different strategies have been implemented to reduce its emissions, including finding out the amount of GHG in the diets. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the in vitro effect of dried corn distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on rumen fermentation, total biogas, and methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in diets for lambs. The in vitro degradation of dry matter (DIVMS), pH, molar concentration of volatile fatty acids (AGV), and total bacteria count were determined after 72 h of incubation; meanwhile, the production of biogas, CH4, and CO2 was determined after 24, 48, and 72 h of fermentation of the three diets containing 0, 20, and 40 % DDGS based on the dry matter (MS). The DIVMS was higher (p≤0.05) in the 0 % GSDM diet. No differences (p≤0.05) in pH, total bacteria, and AGV concentration were found among treatments. The total biogas production was higher (p≤0.05) in 40 % DDGS diet. The cumulative CH4 production was lower (p≤0.05) by 20 % DDGS diet compared to 0 % DDGS diet, and the cumulative CO2 production was higher (p≤0.05) in 40 % DDGS diet. Including 20 or 40 % of DDGS in diets for lambs reduces cumulative CH4 production, without affecting the rumen fermentation variables; however, including 40 % of DDGS increases the production of total biogas and CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018

22. ENVASES DE POLIETILENTEREFTALATO MOLIDOS Y SU FUNCIÓN COMO SUSTITUTO DE FIBRA EN LA DIETA DE BORREGOS

Author

Cobos-Peralta, Mario A., Mata-Espinosa, Miguel A., MARCOS PÉREZ SATO, David Hernández-Sánchez, and Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato

Subjects
Bacterias ruminales, PET, reciclaje de PET, envases de plástico, Agrociencias
Abstract

Los métodos usados para reciclar envases de polietilentereftalato (PET) son insuficientes y han causado un problema serio de contaminación ambiental en varios países. Una alternativa para reciclar estos envases es incluirlos como fuente de fibra o material inerte en dietas para rumiantes. Con el objetivo de probar esta alternativa se alimentaron 30 borregos (peso vivo promedio de 23.4 kg, 10 por tratamiento) con dietas sin (T1=PET-0) y con 100 (T2=PET-100) y 200 g (T3=PET-200) de envases de PET triturados kg-1 MS en sustitución de rastrojo de maíz. Las dietas se formularon para cubrir los requerimientos nutritivos de borregos en crecimiento con una ganancia promedio de peso de 200 g d-1. Las variables consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso y conversión alimenticia fueron similares (p0.05) durante el experimento (60 d). La concentración de acetato y propionato ruminal fue similar (p0.05) entre tratamientos, mientras que la concentración de butirato fue superior (p£0.05) en el fluido ruminal de los borregos del tratamiento PET-200. El pH ruminal varió de 6.54 a 7.2 sin diferencias (p0.05) entre tratamientos. La concentración de bacterias totales tuvo un intervalo de 2.84×1010 y 2.97×1010 mL-1 y la de bacterias celulolíticas de 1.32×108 a 1.66×108 mL-1 de fluido ruminal, sin diferencias (p0.05) entre tratamientos. La concentración de protozoarios disminuyó (p£0.05) después de 45 d en los borregos del tratamiento PET-200 con respecto al tratamiento PET-0 (1.64 vs 2.49×105 mL-1), aunque estos valores son normales en rumiantes (104 a 106 protozoarios mL-1 de fluido ruminal). Se concluye que los envases de PET molidos pueden sustituir al rastrojo de maíz como fuente de fibra, sin efecto negativo en eficiencia productiva, fermentación ruminal o concentración de bacterias y protozoarios ruminales.

Published
2011

23. Digestibilidad de iguana negra (Ctenosaura pectinata) alimentadas con dietas a base de diferentes componentes de insectos y vegetales

Author

Arcos García, José Luis, Cobos Peralta, Mario A., Hernández Sánchez, David, Reynoso R., Víctor Hugo, Mendoza Martínez, Germán, and Aguilar Valdez, Beatriz Cecilia

Subjects
Insects, Crías, Revistas, C. pectinata, Vegetales, Digestibility, Vegetables, Insectos, Digestibilidad, Universidad del Zulia (LUZ), Universidad de Los Andes (ULA), Hatchling, Revista Científica
Abstract

Se evaluó la digestibilidad de dietas con insectos y vegetales en crías de iguana negra (Ctenosaura pectinata) en cautiverio. Se utilizaron 60 crías alojadas en jaulas en grupos de cinco ejemplares. La temperatura dentro de las jaulas fluctúo de 22 a 35°C. Las dietas consistieron de la pupa de mosco (Notonecta unifasciata), alfalfa (Medicago sativa) y jitomate (Lycopersicum esculentum). Se utilizaron cuatro tratamientos alimenticios en los cuales se cambió la proporción de mosco:vegetales: 1:4, 2:3, 3:2 y 4:1 (base húmeda). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar y se usó el procedimiento de selección de variables por etapas para obtener ecuaciones de predicción para la ganancia diaria de peso y el consumo de materia seca. El consumo reveló una respuesta cuadrática (P0,05) en digestibilidad, conversión alimenticia y crecimiento de las iguanas. Se concluye que las crías de iguana negra (C. pectinata) hasta los siete meses de edad tienen la misma capacidad para digerir dietas a base de pupas de mosco Notonecta unifasciata y una combinación de alfalfa:jitomate. Digestibility of insect and vegetable diets was evaluated with captive newborn black lizard (Ctenosaura pectinata). Sixty juvenile black lizards were kept in cages, in groups of five specimens. Temperature ranged from 22 to 35°C. Diets were elaborated with fly pupae (Notonecta unifasciata), alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). Four diet treatments were applied with variations in insect:vegetables ratio (wet matter) 1:4, 2:3, 3:2 and 4:1. A completely randomized design was applied and the data way analyzed hrongh stepwise procedure was used to obtain prediction equations for daily gain and dry matter intake. Intake showed a quadratic response (P0.05) were observed in digestibility, intake, feed conversion, or growth of the iguana. It is concluded that black lizards (C. pectinata) up to seven months have the same capability to digest diets based on fly pupae and a combination of alfalfa:tomato. 255 - 261 Bimestral

Published
2009

24. Comportamiento productivo y fermentación ruminal de corderos suplementados con harina de cocoíte (Gliricidia sepium), morera (Morus alba) y tulipán (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)

Author

Mata Espinosa, Miguel A., Hernández Sánchez, David, Cobos Peralta, Mario A., Ortega Cerrilla, María Esther, Mendoza Martínez, Germán, and Arcos García, José Luis

Subjects
Revistas, Corderos, Supplementation, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Lambs, Gliricidia sepium, Suplementación, Morus alba, Universidad del Zulia (LUZ), Universidad de Los Andes (ULA), Revista Científica
Abstract

Para conocer el efecto de suplementación con harina de tres arbustivas forrajeras tropicales, en el comportamiento productivo y fermentación ruminal de corderos en crecimiento, se realizó un estudio durante 90 días, utilizando 30 corderos con encaste de Pelibuey y Black Belly (18,29 ± 1,56 kg PV), mantenidos en pastoreo continuo en estrella africana (Cynodon plestostachyus; 75,5% FDN y 6,1% PC) de 7:00 a.m. a 4:00 p.m, posteriormente los animales fueron alojados en corraletas individuales, proporcionándoles 200 g animal–¹ d–¹ de suplemento de acuerdo a los tratamientos (T) evaluados: T1 = sólo pastoreo (SP), T2 = T1+concentrado comercial (CC), T3 = T1+harina de cocoíte (Gliricidia sepium; HC), T4 = T1+harina de morera (Morus alba; HM) y T5 = T1+harina de tulipán (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; HT). Las variables registradas fueron: consumo de suplemento y pasto, ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), digestibilidad aparente de materia seca del suplemento y del pasto. En fluido ruminal se midió pH, concentración de ácidos grasos volátiles, nitrógeno amoniacal, bacterias totales y protozoarios. El CC y la HT presentaron el mejor (P < 0,05) consumo de suplemento (CC, 181,6ª; HC, 97,7^c; HM, 149,7^b; HT, 167,2ª^b g d–¹), de materia seca total (SP, 789,1^b; CC, 976,8ª; HT, 941,8ª g d–¹) y la mejor GDP (SP, 46,1^b; CC, 81,6ª; HT, 77,1ª; g d–¹). El CC propició la más alta (P < 0,05) digestibilidad aparente de la materia seca (DAMS, 60,97ª); en contraste la más baja (P < 0,05) DAMS se presentó con el uso de HC (SP, 9,27ª^b; CC, 54,00ª; HC, 48,52C; HM, 50,47ª^b; HT, 50,54ª^b). En las variables ruminales, no se observaron diferencias entre tratamientos para pH, nitrógeno amoniacal y AGV; solamente se registraron cambios (P < 0,05) en la concentración (1 × 10^8 mL–¹) de bacterias totales (SP, 45,0ª; HM, 1,1^b) y de protozoarios (SP, 20,73^b; CC, 96,01ª; 1 × 10^4 mL–¹). La harina de tulipán mostró una respuesta similar a la del CC. La menor respuesta se obtuvo con HC. Por lo anterior se recomienda HT como sustituto de CC para corderos en pastoreo en el trópico. A study was carried out in order to determine the effect of a commercial feed and three different meals produced by tropical forage shrubs, on productive performance, digestibility and some rumen variables, when used as supplements for grazing lambs. Thirty crossbreed (Pelibuey X Black Belly) male lambs (18.29 ± 1.56 Kg BW), were used in a 90 d study. Animals were on continuous grazing of African star (Cynodon plestostachyus; (75.5% NDF, 6.1% CP) from 7:00 am to 4:00 pm. Alter grazing animals were housed in individual pens and fed (200 g animal–¹ d–¹) any of four supplements, according to treatment: T1 = grazing (G); T2 = T1 + commercial concentrate (CC); T3 = T1 + cocoite meal (Gliricidia sepium; CM); T4 = T1 + morera meal (Morus alba; MM), and T5 = T1 + tulipan meal (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; TM). Supplement and forage intake, dry matter digestibility and daily weight gain, were measured. Volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen concentration, total bacteria and protozoa were determined in rumen liquor. Differences in supplement intake (P < 0.05) (CC, 181.6ª; CM, 97.7^c; MM, 149.7^b; TM, 167.2ª^b g d–¹), dry matter intake (OG, 789.1^b; CC, 976.8ª; TM, 941.8ª g d–¹) and daily weight gain (OG, 46.1^b; CC, 81.6ª; TM, 77.1ª; g d–¹) were found. The highest (P < 0.05) percentage of dry matter digestibility (DMD) was found for CC (CC, 60.97ª). Forage DMD was the lowest for CM (OG, 49.27ª^b; CC, 54.00ª; CM, 48.52C; MM, 50.47ª^b; TM, 50.54ª^b). No differences (P > 0.05) were found for rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen and VFA concentration among treatments. Compared with OG treatment, supplementation with MM decreased (P < 0.05) total bacteria concentration (OG, 45.0ª vs MM, 1.1^b × 10^8 mL–¹) whilst CC increased protozoa concentration (OG, 20.73^b vs CC, 96.01ª × 10^4 mL–¹). Supplementation with TM showed similar results that those observed with CC. The lowest response was observed for CM and OG. It is concluded that TM can be used as a supplement instead of CC in the tropic for grazing lambs. 249 - 256 Bimestral

Published
2009

25. Productive Lambs Performance and Ruminal Fermentation Using Cocoíte (Gliricidia sepium), Morera (Morus alba) and Tulipan (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) Meal as Supplement

Author

Mata Espinosa, Miguel A., Hernández Sánchez, David, Cobos Peralta, Mario A., Ortega Cerrilla, María Esther, Mendoza Martínez, Germán D., and Arcos-García, José Luis

Subjects
Corderos, suplementación, supplementation, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Lambs, Gliricidia sepium, Morus alba
Abstract

Para conocer el efecto de suplementación con harina de tres arbustivas forrajeras tropicales, en el comportamiento productivo y fermentación ruminal de corderos en crecimiento, se realizó un estudio durante 90 días, utilizando 30 corderos con encaste de Pelibuey y Black Belly (18,29 ± 1,56 kg PV), mantenidos en pastoreo continuo en estrella africana (Cynodon plestostachyus; 75,5% FDN y 6,1% PC) de 7:00 a.m. a 4:00 p.m, posteriormente los animales fueron alojados en corraletas individuales, proporcionándoles 200 g animal-1 d-1 de suplemento de acuerdo a los tratamientos (T) evaluados: T1 = sólo pastoreo (SP), T2 = T1+concentrado comercial (CC), T3 = T1+harina de cocoíte (Gliricidia sepium; HC), T4 = T1+harina de morera (Morus alba; HM) y T5 = T1+harina de tulipán (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; HT). Las variables registradas fueron: consumo de suplemento y pasto, ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), digestibilidad aparente de materia seca del suplemento y del pasto. En fluido ruminal se midió pH, concentración de ácidos grasos volátiles, nitrógeno amoniacal, bacterias totales y protozoarios. El CC y la HT presentaron el mejor (P < 0,05) consumo de suplemento (CC, 181,6ª; HC, 97,7c; HM, 149,7b; HT, 167,2ab g d-1), de materia seca total (SP, 789,1b; CC, 976,8ª; HT, 941,8ª g d-1) y la mejor GDP (SP, 46,1b; CC, 81,6ª; HT, 77,1ª; g d-1). El CC propició la más alta (P < 0,05) digestibilidad aparente de la materia seca (DAMS, 60,97ª); en contraste la más baja (P < 0,05) DAMS se presentó con el uso de HC (SP, 49,27ab; CC, 54,00ª; HC, 48,52C; HM, 50,47ab; HT, 50,54ab). En las variables ruminales, no se observaron diferencias entre tratamientos para pH, nitrógeno amoniacal y AGV; solamente se registraron cambios (P < 0,05) en la concentración (1 × 10(8) mL-1) de bacterias totales (SP, 45,0ª; HM, 1,1b) y de protozoarios (SP, 20,73b; CC, 96,01ª; 1 × 10(4) mL-1). La harina de tulipán mostró una respuesta similar a la del CC. La menor respuesta se obtuvo con HC. Por lo anterior se recomienda HT como sustituto de CC para corderos en pastoreo en el trópico. A study was carried out in order to determine the effect of a commercial feed and three different meals produced by tropical forage shrubs, on productive performance, digestibility and some rumen variables, when used as supplements for grazing lambs. Thirty crossbreed (Pelibuey X Black Belly) male lambs (18.29 ± 1.56 Kg BW), were used in a 90 d study. Animals were on continuous grazing of African star (Cynodon plestostachyus; (75.5% NDF, 6.1% CP) from 7:00 am to 4:00 pm. After grazing animals were housed in individual pens and fed (200 g animal-1 d-1)any of four supplements, according to treatment: T1 = grazing (G); T2 = T1 + commercial concentrate (CC); T3 = T1 + cocoite meal (Gliricidia sepium; CM); T4 = T1 + morera meal (Morus alba; MM), and T5 = T1 + tulipan meal (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; TM). Supplement and forage intake, dry matter digestibility and daily weight gain, were measured. Volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen concentration, total bacteria and protozoa were determined in rumen liquor. Differences in supplement intake (P < 0.05) (CC, 181.6ª; CM, 97.7c; MM, 149.7b; TM, 167.2ab g d-1), dry matter intake (OG, 789.1b; CC, 976.8ª; TM, 941.8ª g d-1) and daily weight gain (OG, 46.1b; CC, 81.6ª; TM, 77.1ª; g d-1) were found. The highest (P < 0.05) percentage of dry matter digestibility (DMD) was found for CC (CC, 60.97ª). Forage DMD was the lowest for CM (OG, 49.27ab; CC, 54.00ª; CM, 48.52C; MM, 50.47ab; TM, 50.54ab). No differences (P > 0.05) were found for rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen and VFA concentration among treatments. Compared with OG treatment, supplementation with MM decreased (P < 0.05) total bacteria concentration (OG, 45.0ª vs MM, 1.1b × 10(8) mL-1)whilst CC increased protozoa concentration (OG, 20.73b vs CC, 96.01ª × 10(4) mL-1). Supplementation with TM showed similar results that those observed with CC. The lowest response was observed for CM and OG. It is concluded that TM can be used as a supplement instead of CC in the tropic for grazing lambs.

Published
2006

26. Poblaciones microbianas y fermentación en el ciego de conejos en crecimiento alimentados con inóculos de bacterias cecales

Author

Hernández Sánchez, David, Cobos Peralta, Mario A, González Muñoz, Sergio S, Bárcena Gama, Ricardo, Arcos García, José Luis, and Gallardo López, Felipe

Subjects
Fermentación Cecal, Inóculos Bacterianos, Bacterias Cecales, Conejos en Crecimiento, Digestibilidad
Abstract

Para evaluar el efecto de dos inóculos bacterianos aislados del ciego sobre la fermentación cecal de conejos en crecimiento y la digestibilidad total del alimento, se desarrolló un ensayo de crecimiento con 60 conejos de la raza Nueva Zelanda Blanco de 38 días de edad, asignados a tres tratamientos: T1= dieta comercial (testigo); T2= T1 más inóculo a base de Clostridium sordellii; T3= T1 más inóculo a base de Peptostreptococcus tetradius. Se utilizó una concentración de 75×10(7) bacterias×g-1MS. En la 3ª y 5ª semanas experimentales se evaluó la digestibilidad in vivo. A los 77 días de edad los animales fueron sacrificados y se colectaron muestras del apéndice cecal (AC), 13ª asa cecal (TAC) y colon distal (CD) para determinar la concentración de bacterias totales (BT) y celulolíticas (BC), pH, NH4 y ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV). No se observaron cambios (P

Published
2004

27. Degradabilidad ruminal in vitro de almidón de 21 variedades de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) con diferente genotipo de resistencia a sequía

Author

Durán Altamirano, Jesús, Castro Nava, Sergio, Mendoza Martínez, Germán D, Cobos Peralta, Mario A, Ricalde Velasco, Raúl, and Plata Pérez, Fernando X

Subjects
Sorgo, Resistencia a Sequía, Almidón
Abstract

Se determinó la degradabilidad ruminal in vitro del almidón de 21 variedades de sorgo con diferente respuesta a la sequía (7 resistentes, 6 intermedias y 8 susceptibles). La degradabilidad del almidón se midió a las 12h de incubación con microorganismos ruminales. El contenido medio de almidón fue 68,3% (59,0 -74,6%). No hubo diferencias en la concentración de almidón al compararlas por genotipo (variedades susceptibles 67,4%; intermedias 68,5%; y resistentes 69,1%). El almidón tuvo una degradabilidad media de 58,1% (48,8-70,6%). No se encontraron diferencias en la degradabilidad entre genotipos (susceptibles 57,5%; intermedias 58,2%; resistentes 58,8%). La concentración media de almidón digestible fue de 39,7% (29,3-48,7%), sin diferencias entre genotipos (38,9% susceptibles; 39,8% intermedias; 40,6% resistentes), presentándose variación dentro de los genotipos. No hubo diferencias en la composición de almidón total y degradable ni de paredes celulares de acuerdo al genotipo caracterizado de acuerdo a su resistencia a sequía. Destacan algunas variedades como la UAT 125 y la UAT 152 por su mayor concentración de almidón degradable en la planta, las cuales pueden ser de utilidad para la elaboración de alimentos de rumiantes. In vitro ruminal starch degradability was determined in 21 sorghum varieties with different drought resistance response (7 resistant, 6 intermediate and 8 susceptible). Starch degradation was measured after 12h incubation with ruminal microbes. Mean starch concentration was 68.3% (59.0-74.6%). There were no differences in starch content among genotypes (susceptible 67.4%; intermediate 68.5%; and resistant 69.1%). Mean starch degradability was 58.1% (48.8-70.6%) with no differences among genotypes (susceptible 58.8%; intermediate 58.2%; susceptible 57.5%). Mean degradable starch was 39.7% (29.3-48.7%) without differences among genotypes (susceptible 38.9%; intermediate 39.8%; resistant 40.6%), presenting variation within genotypes. There were no differences in starch or cell wall content according to the degree of drought resistance; however, some varieties like UAT 125 and UAT 152 stand out because of their larger degradable starch content, which can be useful in ruminants feed. Determinou-se a degradabilidade ruminal in vitro do amido de 21 variedades de sorgo com diferente resposta à seca (7 resistentes, 6 intermediária e 8 susceptíveis). A degradabilidade do amido mediu-se às 12h de incubação com micro-organismos ruminais. O conteúdo médio de amido foi 68,3% (59,0-74,6%). Não houve diferenças na concentração de amido ao compará-las por genótipo (variedades suscetíveis 67,4%; intermediárias 68,5%; e resistentes 69,1%). O amido teve uma degradabilidade média de 58,1% (48,8-70,6%). Não se encontraram diferenças na degradabilidade entre genótipos (suscetíveis 57,5%; intermediárias 58,2%; resistentes 58,8%). A concentração média de amido digestivo foi de 39,7% (29,3-48,7%), sem diferenças entre genótipos (38,9% suscetíveis; 39,8% intermediárias; 40,6% resistentes), apresentando-se variação dentro dos genótipos. Não houve diferenças na composição de amido total e degradável nem de paredes celulares de acordo ao genótipo caracterizado de acordo a sua resistência à seca. Destacam algumas variedades como a UAT 125 e a UAT 152 por sua maior concentração de amido degradável na planta, as quais podem ser de utilidade para a elaboração de alimentos de rumiantes.

Published
2004

28. Taninos y fenoles sobre la fermentación in vitro de leñosas forrajeras tropicales

Author

Pinto Ruiz, René, Hernández Sánchez, David, Ramírez, Luis, Sandoval Castro, Carlos, Cobos Peralta, Mario, Gómez Castro, Heriberto, Pinto Ruiz, René, Hernández Sánchez, David, Ramírez, Luis, Sandoval Castro, Carlos, Cobos Peralta, Mario, and Gómez Castro, Heriberto

Abstract

Con el objetivo de determinar la actividad biológica de factores antinutricionales en nueve follajes y cinco frutos arbóreos forrajeros de la región central del estado de Chiapas, México, se llevó a cabo el presente trabajo durante el año 2006. Los factores antinutricionales estudiados fueron polifenoles totales y taninos condensados. El método utilizado fue a través de la técnica de producción de gas in vitro en medio rico en nitrógeno y la adición o no de Polietilenglycol (PEGEG-4000). Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar, así como regresiones y correlaciones lineales simples. La composición química mostró una amplia variación entre especies. El uso de PEGEG aumentó significativamente (p < 0,05) la producción de gas en los follajes de L. collinsii, G. ulmifolia, A. pennatula y A. milleriana y en los frutos A. milleriana, G. ulmifolia y L. collinsii. En el follaje, los incrementos en la producción de gas estuvieron asociados inversamente a los altos contenidos de fenoles y taninos condensados de las especies (r -0,68, p < 0,04 y r-0,67, p < 0,03 respectivamente). En los frutos, no se encontró relación entre fenoles y taninos y la producción de gas, pero sí se encontró asociación inversa a las fracciones de fibra (FDN= r -0,97, p < 0,06 y FDA= r -0,94, p < 0,01). Resaltan las altas concentraciones de factores antinutricionales presentes en follajes de algunas especies y la importancia del PEGEG para demostrar la alta actividad de éstos.

Published
2009

29. USO DE CARBÓN ACTIVADO PARA CONSERVAR BACTERIAS CELULOLÍTICAS LIOFILIZADAS.

Author

Sánchez-Santillán, Paulino, Cobos-Peralta, Mario A., Hernández-Sánchez, David, Álvarado-Iglesias, Alberto, Espinosa-Victoria, David, and Herrera-Haro, Jose G.

Abstract

Successful conservation of microorganisms is attained by preventing contamination during the process and optimizing high survival and genetic stability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of activated carbon as a preserver of cellulolytic bacteria during the process of lyophilization. The cellulolytic bacterial culture was obtained from four transfers of fresh ruminal liquid in culture media and Whatman paper. As a lyoprotectant, activated carbon (CA) was added before lyophilizing and compared with a control treatment without lyoprotectant (SL). The lyophilized bacteria were reactivated in culture media; characteristics of both media and bacteria were measured. The reactivated bacteria were the inoculum in the evaluation of in vitro dry matter degradation (%DMDEG) and production of volatile fatty acids (VFA). The experimental design was completely randomized repeated in time. The CA treatment degraded 83.3% of the Whatman paper during reactivation. The oxide-reduction potential and culture media pH were not different between treatments (p>0.05). The CA treatment showed higher concentration of bacteria (9.58×108 bacteria mL-1), greater degradation of substrates (32.75 %DMDEG), and higher production of acetic (54.50 mM L-1) and butyric (12.74 mM L-1) acids, compared to the SL treatment (p≤0.05). Propionic acid and total VFA showed significant treatment-time interaction. The CA treatment produced more total VFA (p≤0.05), but propionic acid was different only between treatments at the first measurement time (p≤0.05). Activated carbon has characteristics that preserve cellulolytic bacteria for lyophilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016

30. Evaluación de la capacidad amortiguadora de ingredientes utilizados en la formulación de dietas para rumiantes

Author

Montañez Valdez, Oziel Dante, Bárcena Gama, Ricardo, González Muñoz, Sergio S., Ortega Cerrilla, María Esther, Cobos Peralta, Mario, Avellaneda Cevallos, Juan Humberto, Montañez Valdez, Oziel Dante, Bárcena Gama, Ricardo, González Muñoz, Sergio S., Ortega Cerrilla, María Esther, Cobos Peralta, Mario, and Avellaneda Cevallos, Juan Humberto

Abstract

Evaluación de la capacidad amortiguadora de ingredientes utilizados en la formulación de dietas para rumiantes. Se recolectaron 22 muestras de diferentes ingredientes, que se clasificaron en: energéticos altos ( > 15 %) y bajos ( < 15 %) en proteína, forrajes, alimentos fermentados y aditivos, con el objetivo de evaluar su capacidad amortiguadora (CA). Se determinó la capacidad amortiguadora expresando los resultados en miliequivalentes de ácido clorhídrico requerido para producir un cambio en una unidad de pH de la muestra original de alimento. Los resultados obtenidos fueron comparados con los reportados en otros estudios. La CA es alta en alimentos altos en proteína y leguminosas, intermedia en alimentos energéticos y fermentados, y baja en gramíneas.

Published
2006

35. ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO ENTRE LA CEPA DE Pediococcus acidilactici AISLADA DEL RUMEN DE BORREGOS Y UN CONSORCIO DE BACTERIA RUMINALES.

Author

Ley de-Coss, Alejandro, Arce-Espino, Consepción, Cobos-Peralta, Mario A., Hernández-Sánchez, David, and Pinto-Ruiz, René

Subjects
COMPARATIVE studies, PEDIOCOCCUS acidilactici, RUMEN (Ruminants), SHEEP, BUTYRIC acid, LACTIC acid bacteria, IONOPHORES
Abstract

Copyright of Agrociencia is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2013

36. EFECTO DEL SELENIO Y CROMO ORGÁNICOS Y Saccharomyces cerevisiae EN LA DEGRADACIÓN in situ DE LA DIETA, FERMENTACIÓN RUMINAL Y CRECIMIENTO DE BORREGOS.

Author

Reséndiz-Hernández, Miriam, Bárcena-Gama, José R., Crosby-Galván, María M., Cobos-Peralta, Mario, Herrera-Haro, José, Hernández-García, Pedro A., and Carreón-Luna, Lorenzo

Subjects
MINERALS, SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae, CHROME steel, SELENIUM
Abstract

Copyright of Agrociencia is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2012

37. EFECTO DEL pH Y DEL LÍQUIDO RUMINAL CLARIFICADO EN LA ESTABILIDAD DE UN PRODUCTO ENZIMÁTICO FIBROLÍTICO.

Author

Meraz-Romero, Edgar, Loera-Corral, Octavio, Mendoza-Martínez, Germán D., Meneses-Mayo, Marcos, Cobos-Peralta, Mario A., Hernández-Sánchez, David, Angeles-Campos, Sergio C., Melgarejo-Velasquez, Lucas G., and Pinos-Rodríguez, J. Manuel

Subjects
CELLULOSE, XYLANASES, LACCASE, ENZYMES, DISTILLED water, PROTEINS
Abstract

Copyright of Agrociencia is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2012

38. Isolation and characterization of two rabbit cecum bacteria with potential use for rabbit feeding.

Author

Cobos Peralta, Mario A., Olvera, CarlosGutiérrez, Hernández Sánchez, David, González Muñoz, Sergio S., and Mendoza Martínez, Germán D.

Subjects
*CECUM, *LARGE intestine, *RABBITS, *ANIMAL feeding, *BACTERIA
Abstract

Two anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the bacterial mass of the soft feces, or cecotrophs. The bacteria were identified as Clostridium sordellii and Petostreptococcus tetradius by morphology, Gram stain and the RapID ANA II Identification System. Generation rate, antibiotic sensibility, crude protein (CP) and crude fat (CF) content, and amino acid profile were determined in both bacteria. An anaerobic closed system for the production of inoculants from this bacteria, and the inoculum stability measured using bacteria concentration and viability in commercial rabbit feed after 5 and 60 d following inoculation, were evaluated. Both C. sordellii and P. tetradius have an accelerated generation rate (18.15 and 21.6 min) and a high CP content (47.6 and 63.21%). The amino acid profile indicates that methionine is the first limiting amino acid. Both bacteria were susceptible to less than 4 µg mL-1 of several antibiotics, including: ampicillin, metronidazole and tetracycline. Inoculum production was efficient with concentrations of 7.5 x 1011 and 1.5 x 1012 CFU g-1 of lyophilized bacterial mass of C. sordelli and P. tetradius, respectively. The inoculants maintained their viability and concentration after 60 d following feed inoculation. It is concluded that isolation, production and feed inoculation with cecotroph-producing bacteria may be achieved. The possibility of evaluating these inoculants in rabbit feed with the goal of assuring cecotrophy advantages is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004

39. Aislamiento y caracterización de dos bacterias cecales con potencial de uso en la alimentación del conejo.

Author

Cobos Peralta, Mario A., Gutiérrez Olvera, Carlos, Hernández Sánchez, David, González Muñoz, Sergio S., and Mendoza Martínez, Germán D.

Abstract

Se aislaron dos bacterias anaerobias de la masa bacteriana que componen los cecótrofos o heces blandas. De acuerdo con su morfología, tinción de Gram y el sistema de identificación RapID ANA II System, se identificaron como Clostridium sordellii y Peptostreptococcus tetradius. En ambas bacterias se determinó la tasa de generación, sensibilidad a antibióticos, contenido de PC, EE y perfil de aminoácidos. También se evaluó un sistema anaerobio cerrado para producir inóculos con estas bacterias, y la estabilidad de los inóculos en cuanto a concentración y viabilidad bacteriana en alimento comercial para conejos después de 5 y 60 d de inoculado. Tanto C. sordellii como P. tetradius tienen una tasa de generación acelerada (18.15 y 21.6 min) y un contenido elevado de PC (47.6 y 63.27%). El perfil de aminoácidos indica que la metionina es el primer aminoácido limitante. Las bacterias resultaron susceptibles a dosis menores de 4 µg mL-1 de varios antibióticos como ampicilina, metronidazol y tetraciclina. La producción de los inóculos resultó eficiente, con una concentración de 7.5 x 1011 y 1.5 x 1012 UFC g-1 de masa bacteriana liofi lizada (C. sordellii y P. tetradius, respectivamente). Los inóculos mantuvieron su concentración y viabilidad hasta el día 60 después de ser inoculados en el alimento. Se concluye que es posible aislar, producir e inocular alimento con bacterias productoras de cecótrofos. Se discute la posibilidad de evaluar dichos inóculos en la alimentación de conejos, con la finalidad de reforzar las ventajas de la cecotrofia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004

40. EFECTO DEL pH Y DEL LÍQUIDO RUMINAL CLARIFICADO EN LA ESTABILIDAD DE UN PRODUCTO ENZIMÁTICO FIBROLÍTICO

Author

Edgar Meraz-Romero, Octavio Loera-Corral, Mendoza-Martínez, Germán D., marcos meneses mayo, Cobos-Peralta, Mario A., David Hernández-Sánchez, Angeles-Campos, Sergio C., Melgarejo-Velasquez, Lucas G., and Manuel Pinos-Rodríguez, J.

Subjects
Celulasas, xilanasas, Agrociencias, enzimas fibrolíticas, estabilidad enzimática
Abstract

Las enzimas fibrolíticas exógenas no son sintetizadas por los microorganismos ruminales, por lo cual se adicionan al alimento para aumentar la degradación de la fibra. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar in vitro la actividad xilanasa, celulasa y lacasa, así como la estabilidad enzimática de xilanasas y celulasas de un producto enzimático fibrolítico (Fibrozyme, Alltech, Inc.). El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar y los tratamientos fueron: amortiguador pH 6.0, amortiguador pH 7.0 y líquido ruminal clarificado pH 6.5. Los datos se analizaron con mediciones repetidas en el tiempo, mediante el procedimiento Mixto de SAS y la prueba de Tukey (p0.05). El producto enzimático exógeno contenía xilanasas 292 UI g -1 y celulasas 36 UI g -1 , sin actividad de lacasas. En amortiguador con pH 6 las celulasas fueron más estables que las xilanasas, y ambas enzimas mostraron actividad hasta las 46 h. Las constantes de velocidad de inactivación enzimática (k) fueron -0.054 h -1 en xilanasas y -0.008 h -1 en celulasas, y los tiempos de vida media (t 1/2) 12.8 y 87.7 h. En amortiguador pH 7 las celulasas se mantuvieron más estables y las xilanasas perdieron su actividad a las 32 h; los valores de k fueron -0.07 h -1 y -0.009 h -1 , y de t 1/2 9.9 y 77 h para xilanasas y celulasas. En el medio con líquido ruminal clarificado, las celulasas mantuvieron más estable su actividad y las xilanasas la perdieron en 4 h (k=-1.815 h -1 y -0.026 h -1 ; t 1/2=0.38 y 26.87 h para xilanasas y celulasas). Se concluye que in vitro, el pH y las enzimas contenidas en el líquido rumina clarificado afectan la estabilidad del producto enzimático fibrolítico exógeno.

41. TANINOS Y FENOLES EN LA FERMENTACIÓN IN VITRO DE LEÑOSAS FORRAJERAS TROPICALES.

Author

Pinto-Ruiz, René, Hernández-Sánchez, David, Ramírez-Avilés, Luis, Alfredo Sandoval-Castro, Carlos, Cobos-Peralta, Mario, and Gómez-Castro, Heriberto

Subjects
*FODDER trees, *TANNINS, *PHENOLS & the environment, *POLYPHENOLS, *STATISTICAL correlation, *REGRESSION analysis
Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the biological activity of anti-nutritional factors present in nine foliage and five fruit samples from forage-trees of Central Chiapas, México, in 2006. The anti-nutritional factors studied were total polyphenols and condensed tannins. The experimental design was completely-randomized, and statistics was done by regression and correlation analyzes. The method used was in vitro gas production in an N-enriched solution, and the addition of Poly-ethylene glycol (PEG-4000). Chemical composition and increase in gas production of samples (over 24 hours and total) were analyzed. Chemical composition varied widely among species. PEG raised significantly gas production (p<0.05) in foliage of L. collinsii, G. ulmifolia, A. pennatula and A. milleriana and in fruits of A. milleriana, G. ulmifolia y L. collinsii. In foliage samples, the increase in gas production was negatively related to high phenols and condensed tannin content of the species (FDN= r= -0.68, p<0.04 and r-0.67, p<0.03 respectively). In fruits, there was not relation between phenol and tannin content and gas production, but there was an inverse relation with fiber contents (FDN= r -0.97, p<0.06 and FDA= r -0.94, p<0.01). The forage-trees studied contain high levels of anti-nutritional factors, particularly in their foliage and PEG is useful to study their anti-nutritional activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

45. Evaluacion microbiologica de ensilados a base de excretas porcinas

Author

Martínez Gamba, Roberto Gustavo, Ramirez Mendoza, Humberto, Correa Girón, Pablo, Cervantes Olivares, Roberto Arnulfo, and Cobos Peralta, Mario A.

Subjects
Ciencias Biológicas, Químicas y de la Salud, Veterinaria, Animales domésticos
Published
1999

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