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The COVID-19 pandemic has negative effects on children, adolescents, and adults. Despite these effects, information about the nature of mental health concerns and services provided to address these concerns by elementary school counselors is unknown. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to examine mental health concerns elementary school counselors observed among kindergarten through fourth grade students in urban Oklahoma during the COVID-19 pandemic, how they described clinical services provided to address these concerns, and how they decided to provide these services. The study was grounded in Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory and Erikson's theory of psychosocial development to explore psychosocial factors that may contribute to students' mental health problems as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 10 school counselors was performed. Findings suggested that school counselors witnessed struggles involving social and emotional regulation, anxiety and depression, and behavior and adjustment difficulties among students, addressed concerns using multiple methods that included counseling, social-emotional learning, and parent engagement, and reached decisions to address identified concerns using referrals, universal screeners, professional judgment, and directives from leadership. The study promotes positive social change by guiding school counselors on intervention and prevention strategies and drawing attention to the need for a compelling and sustainable framework for addressing mental health needs of children during a pandemic. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

"To me, it just looks like they've been here forever, rain or shine" (Appendices 9.3.1.7). This thesis seeks to explore the potential role of weather and weathering in the experience of various forms of stone heritage from around the UK. Weathering processes are considered to simultaneously contribute to aesthetic qualities of aging and patina, as well as a complex range of decaying and erosive processes. Thus, this project also examines the tensions between the desire to manage and control weathering processes, alongside the potential experiential and affective qualities that weather, nature and landscape produce. Using six case study sites, which include two rock art sites, two ruined sites and two collections of medieval sculptured stones, this project employs weather and other atmospheric conditions to reflect upon the complex range of beliefs, understanding and social practices that are encompassed in visitor experiences of stone heritage. In practice a concern for physical preservation has tended to override concerns for the intangible, experiential and atmospheric (Jones, 2009, p. 142). With weather historically often being perceived purely as a source of harm, as opposed to having creation value. Consequently, conservation practice is largely based upon scientific investigation of deterioration, often caused by weathering, and interventional treatments to restore material stability to objects (Elizabeth Pye, 2001). Most recently, large-scale climate change, and its impact on localised weather conditions, has emerged as a central focus of heritage science. The ramifications of this being that academic methodologies, such as object biographies and exploration of contemporary experiential understandings have at times been marginalised. So, although weather has been extensively explored in terms of weathering and decay, and more so recently in terms of climate change, there has been relatively scant amounts of research that tackles the experiential and intangible influence of weather and nature on heritage (Ingold, 2010, 132; Jones, 2009, 141-142). Hence, the research objectives of this thesis are broadly interested in exploring the experiential impact and patinating qualities of weather, landscape, nature and seasonal variation in order to determine how they affect visitor interpretation and feelings of 'authenticity', 'pastness', age value, nostalgia and awe (e.g.: Jones, 2009, 2010; Holtorf, 2013; Jones and Yarrow, 2013; Douglas-Jones et al., 2016). These visitor interpretations also allow for critical exploration of the impact of heritage management and conservation measures on multi-sensorial engagements with stone heritage and their surrounding environments. Consequently, I argue that the influence of weather, nature and methods of conservation and presentation of stone heritage have the ability to either enhance and/or diminish visitors' interactions and understandings and in turn their value and emotive connections to these sites. Ultimately, by using the experiential influence of weather and nature as a lens through which to examine visitor interactions, understandings and value, this thesis showcases how visitors are active participants in both the experience of stone heritage and its conservation. Therefore, in order to achieve greater holistic approaches to heritage conservation and management that encompasses both the tangible and intangible characteristics of heritage sites, it is necessary for heritage institutions to make greater use of both qualitative methods and in turn multi-sensorial visitor engagements.

This project focuses on the early Mesolithic in the Kennet Valley, Berkshire in southern England. Through an extensive analysis of the lithic assemblages from six prominent early Mesolithic sites (i.e. Thatcham 1958-1961 Sites I, II, and III, Thatcham Sewage Works 1989, Greenham Dairy Farm, and Faraday Road), this thesis explores the social and practical processes which hunter-gatherers engaged in during lithic activities. It investigates the very notion of process and how we as archaeologists, often negate such phenomena in favour of strict technical and functional aspects associated with lithic assemblages from this period. Drawing upon this argument, this study explores and critiques the traditional theory that Mesolithic inhabitations were nothing more than functional type sites (e.g. hunting and base camps). Instead, it advocates an approach which seeks to illuminate that these occupations were derived from many historical and contemporary social and practical processes, which were embedded within lithic activities that were largely responsible for the continual production of the early Mesolithic landscape in the Kennet Valley.