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Durante el proceso de coagulación dentro de una planta de tratamiento de agua potable (PTAP), para disminuir la turbiedad se usan polímeros sintéticos y orgánicos. La Moringa oleifera (MO), como coagulante natural, requiere usar una concentración y dosis óptima, a fin de reducir la mayor cantidad de turbiedad y evitar materia orgánica residual que requiera un tratamiento adicional. Es por ello que la investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la eficiencia del uso de la MO, para la clarificación del agua de la quebrada Taczanapampa de la ciudad de Huancavelica, Perú. Se utilizaron las partículas molidas de las semillas de la mencionada planta, evaluando diferentes dosis y concentraciones para encontrar la óptima en la remoción de la turbidez en el agua, procedimiento que se realizó con la prueba de jarras del laboratorio. Los modelos de regresión validaron el comportamiento de la MO en ecuaciones. El primer modelo determinó la dosis óptima y el segundo modelo la concentración óptima en las condiciones de la investigación. Los resultados de la dosis óptima se obtuvieron en dos rangos: con turbiedades menores a 50 unidad nefelométrica de turbidez (UNT) de 10 a 50 mg/l, también entre 50 y 150 UNT de 30 a 100 mg/l; y la concentración óptima para turbiedades menores a 150 UNT se encuentran en un rango de 2 a 3 %. Los resultados se consideran favorables para su uso y amigables con el ambiente.

Se evaluó la eficiencia del Opuntia ficus indica y del almidón de la Yuca como coagulantes en el tratamiento de aguas asociadas a la producción de petróleo y Gas. Se realizaron pruebas a escala de laboratorio de coagulación, floculación y sedimentación con tiempos de 1 minuto (mezcla rápida), 20 minutos (mezcla lenta) y 30 minutos, respectivamente. Las muestras de Aguas Asociadas con la extracción de petróleo y gas, con valores de turbidez inicial de 14500 NTU, el pozo sobre el cual se tomó la muestra de agua tiene por nombre Clarinete-5 jurisdicción Sucre. Se evaluaron diversas concentraciones, donde se tuvieron en cuenta parámetros tales como, demanda química de oxígeno (DQO), turbidez, pH y metales pesados (Mercurio, Hierro y Plomo). El Opuntia ficus indica fue eficiente para la remoción del Hierro, turbiedad, DBO y DQO generando resultados superiores al 87%. Mientras que el almidón de Yuca fue un poco menos eficiente generando un porcentaje de remoción mayor al 65% con respecto a los parámetros estudiados.

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Copyright of Revista Politécnica is the property of Politechnico Colombian Jaime Isaza Cadavid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: In the research, Moringa Oleifera - MO seeds were used in coagulation-flocculation processes, identifying the main properties it presents such as coagulant activity. Aims: The purpose of the research was to evaluate the coagulant and flocculating effect of moringa seed flour in the treatment of turbid water (with turbidity between 700 NTU and 800 NTU). Methods: The experimental tests were carried out under the following conditions: shelled moringa seed flour in NaCl solution, 1 M, it was observed that it has no effect on the clarification of turbid water and modifies the pH to 4.47; The mixture of moringa seed flour with aluminum sulfate (Aquapol brand) was investigated in jar tests with 300 mL of turbid water at conditions of: shelled moringa seed flour 1.02 g, 5.01 g and 10, 02 grams; with aluminum sulfate 0.1 mL, 0.5 mL, and 0.7 mL, respectively; at 200 rpm for 2 minutes, Results: Evaluating water quality after 1.5 h and 12 h of sedimentation; It was determined that the best performance was the mixture of: 1.02 g of moringa seed flour with 0.1 mL of aluminum sulfate, 200 rpm for 2 minutes, then at 70 rpm for 15 minutes and 12 h of sedimentation. Discussion: Experimental tests have been carried out using Moringa Oleifera (MO) for raw river water treatment processes in places of low economic availability and due to its abundant availability, low cost, and non-toxic. Conclusions: It was concluded that its most viable application would be as a flocculation adjuvant, since, when used with a Chemical coagulant, it reduces the concentration of the chemical coagulant with good removal results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The use of natural coagulants for water clarification is being globally researched due to their low cost, high biodegradability, and ability to replace highly toxic synthetic coagulants. Knowledge gap: The water of the Ciénaga Grande (Great Swamp in English) in Atlantico Department, Colombia, is used for cleaning, consumption, and food preparation by the inhabitants of the area. However, it does not comply with water quality for human consumption, as defined by the Resolution 2115 of 2007 regarding the turbidity parameter. For this reason, it is important to analyze the synergy generated by using the coagulant combination of moringa seeds and cassava starch in the search to improve its conditions. It is important to note that there are few reports in the literature on the simultaneous use of these coagulants. Purpose: This research aims to evaluate the clarification of the water from Ciénaga Grande using mixtures of natural coagulants composed of moringa seeds and cassava starch to reduce its turbidity. Methodology: The combinations of coagulants, moringa seeds, and cassava starch, were mixed with a ratio of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40, respectively. The turbidity and pH of Ciénaga Grande water were evaluated. In addition, clarification was simulated in accordance with the regulation NTC 3903 of 2010 with each treatment. It began with agitation at 120rpm for 1 min., then an agitation at 30rpm was carried out for 20 min., and, finally, it was left to sediment for 15 min. Then, a sample was extracted from each jar, and the final turbidity was measured. A factorial design was carried out for each coagulant combination, with six dose levels (mg/L) and one response variable, the final water turbidity (nephelometric turbidity unit, NTU). The analysis of variance ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test were carried out using 95% reliability. Results and conclusions: The treatment with the highest turbidity removal (NTU) was treatment 4, which has a 60:40 ratio of moringa seeds and cassava starch. Additionally, the turbidity parameter decreased by 80.4%. The doses used in treatments 1, 2, and 3 influenced the final turbidity of the water. It was concluded that high initial turbidity increases the coagulating activity of the natural mixture, causing a higher removal of such a parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this research was to evaluate the coagulant power of cassava starch to clarify the water of the Malambo-Atlántico swamp and compare the results with the chemical substance most used for water treatment, aluminum sulfate. The simulation of this process was realized through the jar test, for which two coagulant solutions were prepared at 1% and doses of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L of each natural and chemical substance were used. The test started with a rapid agitation of 120 rpm for 1 minute, then shook slowly at 30 rpm for 20 minutes; finally the water was allowed to settle for 15 minutes. It was determinate that 20 mg/L of the chemical coagulant reduces the turbidity of the water from 39.1 to 1.80 NTU while 10 mg/L of the natural coagulant decreases it to 11.3 NTU. It was concluded that cassava starch represents a viable option to replace aluminum sulfate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMEN: Introducción: Covid-19 es una enfermedad viral transmisible que actualmente se ha convertido en una pandemia a nivel mundial, generando problemas leves y graves a nivel respiratorio, cardiaco, neurológico, entre otros. Fue descubierto en Wuhan China y hasta el momento existe vacuna para este virus, sin embargo, siguen existiendo casos de rebrotes de Covid-19. Asimismo, se ha observado que pacientes con valores de Dímero D altos son pacientes con peor pronóstico y con alta probabilidad de mortalidad. Objetivos: Determinar la utilidad clínica del Dímero D como predictor de mortalidad en pacientes críticos diagnosticados de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, revisión bibliográfica. Se obtendrá la información de bases de datos como, Science Direct, Pubmed y Scopus, en idioma español e inglés, investigación sin límite de tiempo. Resultados: Se pretenderá establecer la utilidad de valores de dímero D por encima de 0.5 mg/l como predictor de mortalidad en pacientes que han sido diagnosticado de Covid-19 con la sospecha de presentar eventos trombóticos que ponen en riesgo la vida del paciente. Conclusiones: gracias al estudio realizado por el equipo de investigación, se llegó a determinar que valores por encima de 0.5 mg/dl y hasta incluso 5 o 6 veces por encima de lo normal generan valores de gravedad y mortalidad respectivamente. Por ello es importante determinar, al ingreso, valores de dímero D.

The COVID-19 disease has affected the entire world, becoming one of the worst pandemics of our generation, as well as being a great social and health challenge. This mainly affects the respiratory system, however, studies have shown that it compromises the cardiovascular system, which has generated a big concern, since this would imply greater vulnerability in patients with underlying cardiovascular pathologies, which represent a significant percentage of the population. Furthermore, the presence of comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease, has been shown to be associated with higher mortality rates. This not only affects chronic cardiovascular patients, but it can also cause cardiovascular alterations in patients without a history of cardiovascular disease, so it is necessary to monitor cardiac biomarkers in these patients for a better approach in their development. Clinical studies have shown that the cardiovascular pathologies associated with COVID-19 are heart failure, myopericarditis, cardiogenic shock, acute cardiac injury, coagulation and thrombosis disorders, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, and Kawasaki disease. This study is based on a comprehensive review of complications associated with COVID-19 and its possible mechanisms of action, for a better understanding of medical and health personnel (PROSPERO ID 316364). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El lactosuero es el mayor subproducto obtenido durante el procesamiento de la leche en la producción de quesos, el cual presenta un alto contenido de nutrientes y se desaprovecha desechándolo generalmente en vertederos, causando un problema de contaminación ambiental. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en identificar diversas alternativas para el aprovechamiento del lactosuero en diferentes industrias, a partir de diferentes estudios de aplicación y usos tradicionales. Se realizó una investigación bibliográfica y descriptiva de trabajos investigativos de los últimos cinco años, en las bases de datos Scielo, Redalyc, Scopus, tomando como referencia las palabras clave lactosuero, subproducto lácteo, industria láctea, y usos del lactosuero en español e inglés. Entre las conclusiones se determina que el lactosuero conserva nutrientes importantes de la leche que pueden ser aprovechados ampliamente por la industria alimentaria, química, cosmética y biomédica según los estudios realizados.

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue caracterizar los parámetros del efluente generado en el proceso de limpieza de máquinas de impresión, corrugadoras, reactores de preparación de goma como insumo para la fabricación de empaques de cartón corrugado, y compararlos con los valores después de los procesos de coagulación-floculación en una primera etapa, los tratamientos siguientes fueron la electroflotación (EF), electrocoagulación (EC) y lechos de filtración de grava y arena; para la caracterización el laboratorio CERPER realizó el muestreo de las aguas midiendo in situ los parámetros de pH, conductividad y temperatura; en el laboratorio se midió SST, SDT, DQO, DBO, Aceites y Grasas y Metales Totales. Los resultados del agua no tratada, del agua residual tratada con filtros de grava y arena y del agua residual tratada salida de la osmosis inversa se muestran en la Tabla 4.

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El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los beneficios y eficacia del tratamiento de coagulación y floculación de las aguas residuales provenientes de un matadero. Para ello se analizaron muestras de 500 ml y se utilizó sulfato de aluminio (1%) y cloruro férrico (1%) como agentes coagulantes, polímero catiónico (1%) como agente floculante y gradientes de velocidad alta (150 – 300 r.p.m) y velocidad baja (37 – 75 r.p.m). Las concentraciones iniciales de contaminantes en el efluente fueron: pH (6,98 – 6,97), turbiedad (436 - 537 NTU), SST (430,6 – 228,8 ppm), oxígeno disuelto (1,17 – 2,11mg/L), nitratos (0 – 7,5 mg/L). Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con la adición de 6 ml de sulfato de aluminio; 1 ml de polímero catiónico, una velocidad de mezcla de 200 r.p.m y un tiempo de sedimentación de 25 minutos, que disminuyeron las concentraciones de turbiedad 4,85 NTU, oxígeno disuelto 9,16 mg/L y STD 333,6 ppm. Asimismo, la adición de 2 mL cloruro férrico, 0,75 mL de polímero catiónico, una velocidad en mezcla rápida de 300 r.p.m y tiempo de sedimentación de 35 minutos, permitieron obtener como resultado 15,46 NTU, oxígeno disuelto 9,45 mg/L, STD 224,7 ppm, nitratos 6 mg/L.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el nivel de presión arterial (PA) y la hemorragia post-exodoncia aplicando medidas de hemostasia local en pacientes bajo tratamiento con warfarina. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio se realizó sobre 30 pacientes (15 hombres y 15 mujeres) bajo tratamiento anticoagulante oral (TACO) con warfarina. Los pacientes concurrían al programa de TACO del Hospital y Centro de Referencia de Salud El Pino (HEP y CRS). Se les realizaron una o dos extracciones dentales (n=38) sin suspensión del anticoagulante oral a pacientes que tuvieran un coeficiente internacional normalizado (INR) del día menor o igual a 3. Se aplicaron medidas de hemostasia local con gasa compresiva y/o sutura en 30 de las extracciones dentales. Los procedimientos quirúrgicos fueron llevados a cabo en el Servicio Dental del CRS y HEP. Se registraron las siguientes variables: 1) PA previa a la exodoncia, 2) PA a los 30 minutos, 3) Presencia o ausencia de hemorragia a los 30 minutos post-exodoncia y 4) PA y presencia o ausencia de hemorragia a las 24 horas post-exodoncia. Se estudió la relación entre el nivel de PA y la hemorragia post-exodoncia. Resultados: De todos los pacientes evaluados, ninguno presentó hemorragia post-exodoncia en los distintos momentos de evaluación, independientemente de cuál fuera su PA. No se encontraron efectos de la variable PA –considerando valores de PA sistólica (PAS) por debajo de 140 mmHg y de PA diastólica (PAD) menores a 90 mmHg- en relación con la hemorragia post-exodoncia. Conclusión: De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, la presión arterial con PAS

Conventional coagulation tests evaluate the time in which the coagulation factors are activated in the blood plasma, which lacks cellular components such as enzymes and platelets that are involved in the development of hemostasis. Thromboelastography (TEG) performs an in vitro analysis of the relationship between platelets, enzymes, fibrinogen, and other coagulation elements in an integral way; reason why it is used more frequently in cardiac surgeries, transplants, and surgeries of arteriovenous malformations, where the expected blood loss is greater than 40% of the circulating blood volume. The inclusion of TEG in the pre-anesthetic evaluation allows evaluating platelet activity in patients who use antiplatelets therapy, such as clopidogrel or acetylsalicylic acid, through platelet mapping (Platelet Mapping®). When bleeding occurs in the trans-anesthetic period, TEG specifically identifies the type of treatment necessary to improve coagulation or transfusion of formed blood elements. The TEG allows more sophisticated transfusion therapy protocols to be carried out, which implies a decrease in complications associated with polytransfusion and a reduction in costs, so these benefits justify the routine use of TEG for any general surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El sistema hemostático actúa en concierto con la inflamación, de forma que tras la respuesta inflamatoria diversos mediadores activan el sistema hemostático a través de disfunción endotelial, activación plaquetar y de coagulación, promoviendo la trombosis, lo que se ha denominado tromboinflamación. En este proceso adquiere especial relevancia el inflamasoma, cuya estimulación promueve respuestas inmunes innata y adaptativa. La activación del inflamasoma juega un papel fisiopatológico importante en diversas patologías que cursan con fenómenos inflamatorios y trombóticos. El papel de la tromboinflamación se ha puesto de relevancia en la pandemia por COVID-19, en la que se ha descrito una tormenta de citocinas como uno de los mecanismos responsables. The haemostatic system acts in concert with inflammation, so that after inflammatory response various mediators activate the haemostatic system through endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation and coagulation promoting thrombosis, which is termed thromboinflammation. In this process, the inflammasome acquires special relevance; its stimulation promotes innate and adaptive immune responses. Inflammasome activation plays an important physiopathological role in several disorders with inflammatory and thrombotic phenomena. The role of thromboinflammation has become relevant in the COVID-19 pandemic, in which a cytokine storm has been described as one of the responsible mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, the degree of goodness of fit presented by the San model is determined to calculate the percentage of removal of flocculent particles, when the initial turbidity in the problem water is low. For this, the frequency analysis of the historical turbidity data that enters four drinking water treatment plants located in the department of Cundinamarca (Colombia) is made, which show values that range between 0.60 and 15.08 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). The water coagulation was done using type A aluminum sulfate and the sedimentation test was carried out in a sedimentation tower in order to determine the remaining turbidity in the water, which allows calculating the percentage of removal for different sedimentation times and at different depths. The values of the constants of the San model were determined through a multiple linear regression and the goodness of fit test was performed by calculating the coefficient of determination R2 for the different initial turbidity values in the test water.

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Se realizó la evaluación de un tratamiento químico mediante adición de coagulante y floculante con el objetivo de disminuir la carga contaminante de las aguas residuales provenientes del proceso de elaboración de productos a partir de carne de cerdo deshuesada. Los ensayos del proceso se efectuaron en equipo de Pruebas de Jarras (Jar Test), donde se evaluaron los productos policloruro de aluminio (PAC) y cloruro férrico con cuatro floculantes comerciales. La eficiencia de remoción se siguió mediante la determinación de los sólidos suspendidos totales, según método standard (APHAAWWA-WEF, 2017). Los parámetros operacionales óptimos para el tratamiento químico con PAC y cloruro férrico fueron determinados, obteniendo con los pares coagulante/floculante seleccionados una remoción de más de 99% para la materia suspendida y más de 85% para la DQO en el agua residual tratada.

El trabajo de investigación pretende demostrar la eficacia de los tratamientos primarios de aguas residuales domésticas, por medio de operaciones unitarias de coagulación-floculación y estabilización de pH, con la finalidad de demostrar la sedimentabilidad óptima de coloides, macro y microsólidos y la clarificación del efluente por medio de procedimientos físico químicos. Se utilizó Al2 (SO4)3 como coagulante y polímeros aniónicos de Arifloc 301 como floculante. Para ello se realizó pruebas con el fin de determinar la concentración efectiva de floculante en 5 unidades experimentales a micro escala, evidenciando que las sales de Aluminio reaccionan con la alcalinidad del agua y producen hidróxidos insolubles, favoreciendo a la formación del precipitado, estableciendo un puente químico donde las partículas de los coagulantes añadidos a la de los polímeros del floculante puedan absorber los coloides y microsólidos coadyuvando a la sedimentabilidad. Se determinó la dosis óptima, dosis eficiente y dosis excesiva de polímero, a través de una prueba de jarras en 5 unidades experimentales, se evaluó el lodo químico obtenido, por medio de gravimetría y determinación de características del mismo en cada una de las pruebas, en una relación óptima de 2:8. Para ello, fue necesario determinar parámetros de instalación de 5 efluentes experimentales, siendo la concentración eficiente la de 30:20 para la obtención de 300g de lodo químico sedimentado, logrando una reducción eficiente de coloides y clarificación óptima del efluente tratado.

Introducción: la prescripción de fármacos inhibidores de la vitamina Kexige el control del efecto anticoagulante.Objetivo: caracterizar a los pacientes con antecedentes de tratamiento con warfarina sódica al momento del ingreso en la unidad de terapia intensiva del Hospital General Docente“Dr. Agostinho Neto” durante el periodo 2016-2018.Método: se realizó estudio analítico, retrospectivo y longitudinal. Se estudiaron 54 pacientes con las características señaladas, que se agruparon en un grupo control (n=16) con anticoagulación adecuada y un grupo estudio (n=38) también con anticoagulación adecuada.Se estudiaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio.Resultados: Un total de 16 pacientes presentó nivel adecuado de anticoagulación y en, 38, nivel de anticoagulación fue inadecuado. La warfarina sódica se indicó más en pacientes con prótesis valvular cardiaca mecánica (20,0 %), y en estos fue más común la anticoagulación inadecuada. Los factores más relacionados con la anticoagulación adecuada fueron la supervisión médica frecuente (p=0,0000), que no usaron fármacos que interfieran con la acción del fármaco (p=0,0000) y el cumplimiento del tratamiento (p=0,0000). En 22 pacientes se presentaron complicaciones hemorrágicas y la más común fue la hemorragia cerebral y, 16, presentaron complicaciones tromboembólicas y la más frecuente fue el embolismo cerebral. Fallecieron 3 pacientes por complicaciones hemorrágicas y 9 por complicaciones tromboembólicas. En 21 pacientes la indicación del fármaco fue inapropiada.Conclusiones: se revela la necesidad del control de la adecuada adherencia terapéutica del paciente pues el inadecuado efecto anticoagulante genera complicaciones que pueden determinar la muerte del paciente.

La analítica sanguínea representa una prueba complementaria utilizada de manera generalizada en medicina para el estudio de la homeostasis corporal. Sus aplicaciones son numerosas, y en cada disciplina o especialidad existen parámetros específicos que se pueden solicitar como ayuda al diagnóstico de una patología, para monitorizar su actividad, así como para evaluar la utilidad de los fármacos utilizados. Asimismo, la analítica es utilizada de manera casi rutinaria, junto con otros test, en el periodo prequirúrgico. La solicitud de pruebas analíticas indiscriminadas no está justificada desde ningún punto de vista, por lo que se intentará hacer énfasis en la idea de peticiones dirigidas tras una sospecha clínica fundada. El podólogo, dentro de sus competencias, debe saber cómo y cuándo solicitar una analítica, y por tanto tiene la responsabilidad de saber cómo interpretarla de manera adecuada.

En este artículo se presenta el diseño y funcionamiento de un sistema de tratamiento de agua residual de lavadora; el cual consiste en la recolección del agua que será tratada mediante el proceso de floculación y luego pasará a ser filtrada obteniendo así el agua limpia que será reutilizada para el siguiente proceso de lavado y otros usos en el hogar.

El revisar un paciente en odontopediatría con hematomas y hemorragias es frecuente. El diagnóstico y el tratamiento dependen del conocimiento de los mecanismos normales de la hemostasia y de los laboratorios que los analizan1. Las manipulaciones en la cavidad bucal, máxime aquellas con extravasación de sangre, son un riesgo para los pacientes con trastornos de la coagulación, la prevención es la forma de evitar complicaciones, para ello debe disponer: de una historia clínica con énfasis en antecedentes personales y familiares de problemas hemorrágicos y del conocimiento de las patologías más frecuentes que lo originan así como su manejo2. Las hemorragias menores, son por factores locales, las graves por trastornos sistémicos de la hemostasia, como las coagulopatias congénitas2, grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades secundarias a alteraciones de las proteínas plasmáticas de la hemostasia primaria (ejemplo factor de von Willebrand), de la coagulación o de la fibrinólisis, defecto de un factor o combinación de 2 o más. Esta revisión se propone responder a estas interrogantes.

Currently, the purification of raw water is relevant due to its scarcity in some regions of the world. The objective of this work was to reduce the turbidity of raw water by using cassava starch as a natural coagulant. Starch was extracted from cassava for the coagulation-flocculation tests that were carried out using a response surface type experimental design. The response variables were turbidity, colour and pH, the intermediate variables being the initial concentration of the sample, speed and time of centrifugation, cooling time, stirring speed and coagulant concentration. It was established that by adding 250 mg/L of coagulant and with a speed of 40 rpm, a higher percentage of turbidity elimination is achieved. Similarly, starch does not add or remove colour to raw water samples, being within the range used and considered acceptable for use following Decree 1575 of 2007 for drinking water. Under the conditions established during the jar test, the turbidity removal percentages were higher than 70%. Therefore, cassava starch could be used as a natural coagulant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction-- The Venezuelan crisis has decreased industrial production, with the consequent decrease in flow and changes in the quality of the wastewater generated, affecting the effluent treatment systems. Objective-- Evaluate the preliminary and primary treatments of residual water in a food industry located in Táchira (Venezuela) and present alternatives for improvement. Methodology-- The pumping tank, homogenizer and Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) were evaluated. For this, water samples were taken and quality parameters were determined, which were compared with what was foreseen in the design. Calculations were performed to verify technical parameters contemplated in the design and literature. Results-- The flow treated ranges from 0.95 to 2.84 L/s, versus the 12.16 L/s of the design. This has increased the retention time in the treatment units, which, in turn, decreases the pH of the water from 6.10 ± 0.23 to 5.34 ± 0.23 due to the occurrence of anaerobic processes, affecting the coagulation. The DAF is efficient and decreases 79% the TSS and 62% the BOD5.20, but removes the N and P up to 2.5 ± 1 mg/L and 9 ± 4 mg/L, respectively, resulting in insufficient nutrients ratio necessary in biological treatment. Conclusions: The design of the treatment system had as an error the theoretical quality of the water that was assumed. The decrease in flow affects the preliminary and primary treatment. Improvement measures must be taken in the coagulation and flocculation of the DAF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelets are essential elements of human blood. In addition to their normal role, platelets are involved in causing myocardial infarction, stroke and other thrombotic disorders. Platelet activation in vivo, probably involves a combination of agonists. Garlic has beneficial effects due to its ability to inhibit platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of garlic extracts to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by different agonists and their mixtures in different donors. Significant differences were found in platelet aggregation in response to each agonist (P ≤ 0.05). The highest antiaggregatory effect was observed with arachidonic acid and the lowest effect with collagen-arachidonic acid mixture. Interaction effects between donor and agonist (or mixtures) were detected. The study showed the potential of aqueous garlic extracts to prevent platelet aggregation induced by different agonist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigación e Innovación en Ingenierías is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) patients often experience stress hyperglycaemia, which can lead to negative outcomes. This study aims to introduce an effective insulin infusion protocol specifically designed for sTBI patients., Methods: Data was collected from all sTBI patients during two periods: 1 October 2019 to 30 April 2020, and 1 June 2020 to 31 December 2020. In May 2020, a new insulin infusion protocol was implemented. Blood glucose management, infection, coagulation, and prognosis were compared in these two periods., Result: 195 patients were included, with 106 using the new protocol. The proportion of hyperglycaemia decreased from 40.04% to 26.91% (P<0.05), and the proportion of on-target blood glucose levels increased from 35.69% to 38.98% (P<0.05). Average blood glucose levels decreased from 9.98±2.79mmol/L to 8.96±2.82mmol/L (P<0.05). There was no substantial increase in hypoglycaemia, which remained controlled below 1%. The new protocol positively influenced glucose concentration and dispersion trends. There were no significant differences in catheter-related infections, antibiotic use, mechanical ventilation (MV) duration, length of stay in ICU, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), or mortality. However, the conventional protocol group had a higher coagulation tendency (R-value of thromboelastography 4.80±1.35min vs. 5.52±1.87min, P<0.05), with no difference in deep vein thrombosis (DVT) incidence., Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a customized insulin infusion process for sTBI patients can effectively manage blood glucose. While there is no significant improvement in infection control or prognosis, it may have a positive impact on coagulation without affecting the occurrence of DVT., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background: Combined oral contraceptives (COCs), use in individuals are associated with increased risk of thrombotic events. This highlights the significance of assessing the impact of COC on promoting coagulation and endothelial activation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed Sprague Dawley rats., Methods: Twenty (20) five-weeks-old female Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 150 and 200g were subjected to both LFD and HFD-feeding for 8-weeks to determine its influence on basic metabolic status, hemostatic profile, hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate), as well as selected biomarkers of coagulation (tissue factor and D-dimer) and endothelial activation (Von Willebrand factor and nitric oxide). Thereafter HFD-fed animals were treated with receive high dose combined oral contraceptive (HCOC) and low dose combine oral contraceptive (LCOC) for 6 weeks., Results: Our results showed that beyond weight gain, HFD-feeding was associated with hyperglycemia, increased mean arterial pressure, and reduced nitric oxide levels when compared with LFD group (p<0.05). Interestingly, treatment with high dose of COC for 6-weeks did not significantly alter atherothrombotic markers (p>0.05). However, this study is not without limitation as regulation of these markers remains to be confirmed within the cardiac tissues or endothelial cells of these animals., Conclusion: HFD-feeding orchestrate the concomitant release of pro-coagulants and endothelial activation markers in rats leading to haemostatic imbalance and endothelial dysfunction. Short-term treatment with COC shows no detrimental effects in these HFD-fed rats. Although in terms of clinical relevance, our findings depict the notion that the risk of CVD in association with COC may depend on the dosage and duration of use among other factors especially in certain conditions. However, additional studies are required to confirm these findings, especially long-term effects of this treatment within the cardiac tissues or endothelial cells of these animals in certain conditions relating to postmenopausal state., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of tara gum (Caesalpinia spinosa) as a coagulation aid in the coagulation-flocculation process to remove the turbidity of an artificial suspension of bentonite. The primary coagulant used was aluminum sulfate type A and the coagulation assistant was tara gum. The jar test methodology was used, at speeds of 300 revolutions per minute (RPM) for 5 seconds in the fast mixing stage, 40 RPM for 20 minutes in the flocculation stage, and 0 RPM for 10 minutes in the sedimentation stage. High and low turbidity waters of 400 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and 30 NTU were analyzed. The results obtained with type A aluminum sulfate without a coagulation aid give residual turbidity results of 1.09 NTU for high turbidity samples and 0.57 NTU for the low turbidity sample. Adding tara gum as a coagulation aid reduced the turbidity levels in the two sample groups to 0.40 and 0.32 NTU of residual turbidity respectively, as well as a 40% reduction of aluminum sulfate for the tests with the sample of 30 NTU. Tara gum, as a coagulation aid in the coagulation-flocculation process, improves the reduction of residual turbidity by 63.3% in the case of the 400 NTU sample group and 56% in the case of the 30 NTU sample group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study calculated coefficients for the model elaborated by Hasan Ali San in 1989 based on the percentage of flocculated particles removed by three coagulants commonly used for water purification. The coagulants used were type A aluminum sulfate, type B aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride. An experiment was designed to study water with initial turbidity between 25 and 30 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). The experiment consisted of filling a sedimentation column with water and colloid particles which were agitated rapidly and then slowly with compressed air. This allowed the percentage of particles removed from the remaining turbidity to be determined at different times and different depths by measuring sedimentation of the flocculated particles. Once percentages of material removed had been calculated, an isoconcentration graph was elaborated and multiple linear regression was used to determine the coefficients of the model proposed by San. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the coagulant power of 5 natural combinations to clarify the water of a wetland. The clarification process was simulated with the jar test and a rapid agitation at 120 rpm was established for this test for 1 minute, slow agitation at 30 rpm for 20 minutes and sedimentation for 15 minutes. For the natural combinations, a ratio of 90-10, 80-20, 70-30, 60-40, and 50-50 yucca -seeds of Moringa oleifera was determined. After the process, the turbidity of the water was compared with a control sample. It was determined that the best results were obtained with treatment 2, 4 and 5 that removed the turbidity of the water from the wetland in 89.7%, 93.0 and 93.4% and 93.4% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]