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The purpose of the current research was to examine the interaction of teammate and coach support on athlete burnout and engagement, and determine how type of teammate and coach support links with athlete burnout and engagement. Adolescent athletes (N = 176) completed measures of support, burnout, and engagement. Total teammate and coach support accounted for 14.9%–26.0% and 22.4%–36.7% explained variance across dimensions of burnout and engagement, respectively. No meaningful significant interaction was found. Teammate esteem support predicted reduced accomplishment, devaluation, confidence, and vigor (β = −0.31, −0.36, 0.28, and 0.28), while emotional and tangible support predicted dedication (β = 0.29 and 0.20) and enthusiasm (β = 0.30 and 0.22). Coach esteem support predicted reduced accomplishment (β = −0.59) and devaluation (β = −0.27). Findings suggest that support from one key agent can enhance youth athlete well-being, but types of support provided by agents differ in salience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eating psychopathology symptoms are common in athletes; however, it is unknown which symptoms are detected and to what extent by sport professionals. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a self-report questionnaire to explore which features of eating psychopathology in athletes are detected by sport professionals, and how observation of these symptoms might vary. Thirty-one questions were developed and 232 sport professionals (56% male) participated in the study. Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a 20-item, five-factor solution (Negative Affect, Dieting Practices, Fear of Eating in Social Contexts, Bingeing and Purging, and Compulsive Exercise). Participants most frequently reported observing athletes' dieting practices, while symptoms of a fear of eating in social contexts were observed least frequently. This study has developed and preliminarily tested the Athlete Eating Psychopathology Observation Questionnaire (AEPOQ), which now requires further validation. The findings provide important directions for education initiatives with sport professionals regarding identification of eating psychopathology symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this qualitative study was to know the coping mechanisms of coaches in strategy and tactic implementation from the perspective of the coaches. Furthermore, to investigate the importance of communication and coaching dynamics, The researcher used phenomenology approach to gain understanding of the human behaviors through the eyes of the participants. The study included five participants who were purposely selected for in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis in phenomenology were used to analyze the data in this study. This study is anchored on the theory of Humanism by Abraham Maslow (1938) it is an educational theory that places learner at the center of the educational experiences. Once the data collection is complete, all interviews were thematically identified and categorized into two themes. The following topics were identified as themes: 1) coping mechanism of coaches, 2) Importance of communication and dynamics, these were the most prominent themes that emerged from coaches' experiences in strategies and tactics implementation. Game strategy and tactics are indispensable elements in the realm of games, serving as the guiding principles and practical maneuvers that lead players to victory. The study recommends implementing strategies such as emotional intelligence training, resilience-building workshops, fostering open communication channels, encouraging flexibility in game plans, and promoting team cohesion to address coaches' struggles effectively. These recommendations aim to enhance coaches' abilities, leading to improved team performance and a more fulfilling coaching experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Horse owners have a responsibility to safeguard their horse's welfare and are often assisted in this role by various equestrian professionals forming a multi-disciplinary team (MDT). Saddle fit is a complex issue, and the advice given to horse owners by equestrian professionals on matters associated with saddle fit can be influential in achieving optimal saddle fit. This study investigated how equestrian professionals assess, manage, and act upon saddle fit. Participants (n = 483) completed an online questionnaire, which was split into three major sections: (1) participant demographics; (2) saddle fit for the horse; and (3) saddle fit for the rider. Differences in experience and practice between professional groups were analysed. From the UK, 184 saddle fitters, 77 therapists, and 116 coaches completed the survey (n = 377). Significant differences existed between saddle fitters, therapists, and coaches with respect to the number of years qualified, the number of horses seen per week, the frequency with which they ask clients when they last had their saddle fitted, how they themselves assess saddle fit, and the most frequent saddle fit issues encountered. The findings provide insight into MDT working and the interactions of equestrian professionals on matters associated with saddle fit. The horse owner and the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) are responsible for safeguarding horse welfare by ensuring the equipment being used is correctly fitted. The aim of this study was to investigate how saddle fit is assessed, managed, and acted upon by equestrian professionals. Participants (n = 483) completed an online questionnaire, which was split into three major sections: (1) participant demographics; (2) saddle fit for the horse; and (3) saddle fit for the rider. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis, and univariable and multivariable analyses were performed (p < 0.05). Inductive content analysis identified themes from open-question responses. From the UK responses (n = 377), 184 saddle fitters, 77 therapists, and 116 coaches completed the survey. Compared to coaches, saddle fitters and therapists asked more frequently when their clients last had their saddle fitted (p = 0.0004). Saddle fitters typically assessed the saddle statically and dynamically vs. therapists, where it was dependent on the circumstances of the assessment (p = 0.0004). Saddle fitters experienced the saddle being out of balance more than therapists (p = 0.032) and made more alterations to the saddle than therapists and coaches (p = 0.0004). This study highlights opportunities for professions within the MDT to better support each other and horseowners to achieve improvements in overall fit for horses and riders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneur coaches face increased well-being challenges due to their demanding roles. However, they also often report experiencing flow – an immersive, enjoyable state of intense focus that positively affects well-being. In this qualitative study of 20 self-employed career, executive, health, leadership, and life coaches, we aimed to understand entrepreneur coaches' experience of flow and relationships with recovery at work. We found that recovery was important for entering flow and coaches actively scheduled recovery activities, such as regular breaks, to support recovery and to enter and sustain flow. These findings contribute to research on how the interplay between flow and recovery can contribute to the well-being and sustainable working lives of entrepreneur coaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding key stakeholders' perceptions around the value of baseline testing, as well as barriers or facilitators experienced as part of the process, may assist with the decision-making process of whether to implement baseline testing in community sport. This study explored coaches', players' and physiotherapists' perceptions of the perceived value, barriers and facilitators of baseline testing as part of New Zealand Rugby's (NZR) community concussion initiative. The study employed a pragmatic, qualitative descriptive design. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore participants' perceptions. In total, 73 individual interviews were conducted. The sample consisted of 36 players, 13 coaches and 24 physiotherapists involved in NZR's concussion management pathway. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. In terms of perceived value, baseline testing was reported to play a role in i) facilitating a positive concussion culture; ii) positive perceptions of rugby and player safety and iii) enhancing concussion management as part of the pathway. Barriers and facilitators of the baseline testing process included i) stakeholder buy-in as critical driver of the process and ii) contextual and operational factors. Although contextual and operational challenges exist, these participants, as key stakeholders in the process, perceived the value of baseline testing to be more important than the barriers experienced. The value of baseline testing extends beyond concussion assessment and management, by enhancing community concussion awareness, attitudes and player safety. The findings of this study may assist in the decision-making process around inclusion of pre-season baseline testing in community rugby. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sport is a breeding ground for exclusionary gendered discourses and this trend is evident within the coaching cultures of numerous national sports organisations in New Zealand. Drawing on an organisational case study of a New Zealand national sports organisation (NSO) data were collected through thirteen semi-structured interviews and observations with coaches and staff in the NSO. Engaging in a critical feminist approach, this paper explores the various ways in which women’s exclusion from high-performance coaching roles was maintained, reflecting critically on the extent to which hegemonic masculinity was reproduced within the organisation’s coaching history and culture. Specifically, we illustrate the ‘felt’ dimensions of gender exclusion, highlighting how women’s absence from coaching is not through choice but is reflective of the gendered power dynamics of coaching. Together, the analysis demonstrates the institutionalisation of hegemonic masculinity and the mechanisms through which this is maintained, solidified and undermined. This study, while focusing on a particular NSO, offers insights that extend to male-dominated sporting systems across New Zealand, bringing to light the challenges encountered by women coaches within high-performance sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we examine the current state of gender (in)equity within Canadian interuniversity varsity sport (U SPORTS). In so doing, we build upon the previous work of Canada's Centre for Sport Policy Studies at University of Toronto (see Norman et al., 2021). In our examination, we accessed all 56 U SPORTS universities' Department of Athletics official webpages. We investigated the opportunities for women to participate as student-athletes on U SPORTS interuniversity varsity sport teams as well as opportunities for women to serve as sport leaders as their universities' Directors of Athletics (DAs) and head coaches. Our findings suggest the current situation in Canadian universities remains bleak. We also argue that immediate attention and action is needed--by multiple potential stakeholders--for meaningful change to occur. Finally, considering these findings, we offer suggestions for moving forward and creating change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When making talent-selection decisions in sport, coaches, scouts, program directors, and policymakers typically adopt two approaches: The subjective approach, also known as the coach's eye, where these professionals select or de-select athletes based on their personal observations and impressions; and the objective approach, where they apply a multi-faceted formula for awarding scores to the athletes' motor skills (such as agility and coordination) and psychological capabilities (such as leadership and motivation) – as a mean for predicting their future success. These two approaches are often perceived as complementary in the strive to reach optimal selection decisions in sport. In this conceptualized article, we examine challenges associated with such talent-selection decisions, and address the coach's eye as an example of a subjective assessment approach. We also address the concept of fast and frugal heuristics for making selection decisions in sport, while elaborating on bounded rationality and the human machine paradigm. Finally, in addition to discussing certain ''built-in'' limitations in sport-selection decisions, based on judgment and decision-making models, we provide a rationale for adding the big-data approach, as a mean for enhancing links between the subjective and objective assessments currently used in talent-selection decisions in sport.

Discrimination based on ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation remains a critical concern across Europe, including within the sphere of youth sports. Research has shown that youth sports can be a fertile environment for discrimination and bullying and that coaches play a key role in preventing or mitigating discriminatory situations. Given the crucial role of coaches, it is therefore important to build our understanding of the experiences, perspectives, and needs of those coaches concerning discrimination in sports. Against this background, this paper presents the results of an applied survey of 174 European youth sport coaches conducted as part of the INCLUDE project. In particular, this survey focuses on the experiences of coaches when witnessing and reporting discrimination, as well as their perspectives on what needs to be done in the policy and educational areas to combat issues of discrimination. Results show that 25% of coaches witness discrimination on a monthly basis and that fans or spectators are perceived as the most common perpetrators. To combat the issues, coaches report a need for greater policy support, funding, training, and awareness raising. To conclude, we discuss the practical, policy, and research implications of these findings.

Mindfulness training, characterised by the cultivation of present-moment awareness and non-judgmental attention, has emerged as a potent tool for enhancing mental wellbeing and resilience in the face of life's challenges. In the realm of sports, its effectiveness in fortifying the mental resilience and performance of athletes and coaches has garnered significant attention. This study sought to investigate the impact of an online mindfulness-based intervention on the perceptions of stress, emotion regulation, and burnout among full-time coaches. Sixteen full-time coaches (nine females and seven males) engaged in a six-week online mindfulness-based intervention program, an adaptation of the Mindfulness Training for Coaches program, within the context of swimming as a sport. Participants completed a series of online questionnaires assessing their levels of mindfulness, emotion regulation, burnout, and stress. Data collection occurred before the intervention, at weeks three and five during the program, and post-intervention. Baseline data indicated that full-time coaches reported significant levels of burnout. The study's results unveiled notable improvements, with coaches experiencing (a) a significant reduction in difficulties associated with regulating emotions (p =.02) and stress (p <.001), (b) a noteworthy trend towards increased mindfulness scores (p =.08), and (c) a promising trend towards decreased burnout (p =.08). This investigation underscores the relevance of mindfulness participation in bolstering the wellbeing of full-time coaches, demonstrating its potential to enhance their mental fortitude and reduce the detrimental effects of stress and burnout. The implications extend beyond coaching, offering insights into the broader application of mindfulness interventions for improved mental wellbeing and performance within the sports arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout urban Europe, the introduction and presence of vehicles in the city caused tensions of safety and scarcity of space. This article discusses the vehicle culture of early modern Amsterdam, where vehicles and their users had no undisputed right to the streets. The current view in the historiography is that regulations that tried to curb wheeled horse-drawn vehicles were ineffective and that the streets rapidly became a vehicular space from the seventeenth century onward. This narrative is reconsidered by differentiating by vehicle type and location within the city. Specific parts of the city formed distinct vehicular spaces, and draft horses carrying sleighs formed an underestimated but important part of early modern street life. This difference between wheeled and non-wheeled vehicles is explored through new empirical observations from notarial attestations, and additional attention is paid to the role of vehicle speed and the gendered nature of early modern vehicle culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological skills and characteristics (PSCs) are vital for player development, yet there is a lack of agreement on which are important and how they should be identified and developed in academy players, creating barriers to implementation into curricula. The key stakeholder with considerable insight into PSC development is the academy manager (AM). The aims of this study were (a) explore AMs' experiences of PSC identification and development, (b) identify challenges AMs feel affect development of PSCs. Nine AMs (i.e. Category 1; n = 3, Category 2; n = 3 and Category 3; n = 3) comprising an average coaching experience of 20.4 ± 7.4 years and time in the role of 5.2 years ±3.2 years participated in semi-structured interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis generated themes identified ideal PSC outcomes that AMs felt were important. AMs identified current practices within academies alongside challenges: transitions, need to upskill coaches, access to additional support from external partners and National Governing Bodies. There was consensus that PSCs are key drivers of progression and that embedding them into the pathway was critical to facilitating development. Academies should think carefully about design, implementation and evaluation of programmes to support player PSC development for success during and after soccer careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This perspective article explores the potential of non-player characters (NPCs) in video games as a reflective tool for coaches to enhance participant engagement in sports. While coaches traditionally focus on movement skill instruction, their role extends to fostering young people's immersion in sports contexts and potentially contribute to the possibility of lifelong participation. However, challenges persist in translating coaching theory in coach education programs into practice, including the awareness of roles and how to make young people immersion in sports. Integrating elements from video games, where NPCs play pivotal roles in shaping player experiences, presents a possible avenue for re-thinking the role of coach, especially in participation. By drawing parallels between NPCs and coaches, this article advocates for a new reflection tool for coaching roles. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of leveraging NPCs to enhance athlete engagement and motivation, ultimately creating dynamic and inclusive coaching environments that cater to the evolving needs of participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies / Sodobna Pedagogika is the property of Association of Slovenian Educationalists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Discrimination based on ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation remains a critical concern across Europe, including within the sphere of youth sports. Research has shown that youth sports can be a fertile environment for discrimination and bullying and that coaches play a key role in preventing or mitigating discriminatory situations. Given the crucial role of coaches, it is therefore important to build our understanding of the experiences, perspectives, and needs of those coaches concerning discrimination in sports. Against this background, this paper presents the results of an applied survey of 174 European youth sport coaches conducted as part of the INCLUDE project. In particular, this survey focuses on the experiences of coaches when witnessing and reporting discrimination, as well as their perspectives on what needs to be done in the policy and educational areas to combat issues of discrimination. Results show that 25% of coaches witness discrimination on a monthly basis and that fans or spectators are perceived as the most common perpetrators. To combat the issues, coaches report a need for greater policy support, funding, training, and awareness raising. To conclude, we discuss the practical, policy, and research implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When making talent-selection decisions in sport, coaches, scouts, program directors, and policymakers typically adopt two approaches: The subjective approach, also known as the coach's eye, where these professionals select or de-select athletes based on their personal observations and impressions; and the objective approach, where they apply a multi-faceted formula for awarding scores to the athletes' motor skills (such as agility and coordination) and psychological capabilities (such as leadership and motivation) - as a mean for predicting their future success. These two approaches are often perceived as complementary in the strive to reach optimal selection decisions in sport. In this conceptualized article, we examine challenges associated with such talent-selection decisions, and address the coach's eye as an example of a subjective assessment approach. We also address the concept of fast and frugal heuristics for making selection decisions in sport, while elaborating on bounded rationality and the human machine paradigm. Finally, in addition to discussing certain "built-in" limitations in sport-selection decisions, based on judgment and decision-making models, we provide a rationale for adding the big-data approach, as a mean for enhancing links between the subjective and objective assessments currently used in talent-selection decisions in sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The professional survival of a coach can be explained by the ability of the team that he or she trains to achieve a reasonable number of points in relation to the total team's budget. In this work, we test the microeconomic indicator of average cost as an important (and so far unassessed) dimension in the survival of a professional football coach in the face of recurrent defeats. For this purpose, we use empirical methods associated with survival analysis considering recurrent events. We analyse 1077 contract durations between the 2009/2010 and 2019/2020 seasons of the professional leagues in Spain, England, Italy, Germany, France and Portugal. We conclude that the average cost (total budget divided by points achieved in the national championships) is an important dimension. We also discuss other dimensions – such as clubs' financial characteristics, neighbouring teams' competitiveness or coaches' individual characteristics – which, in certain leagues, also prove to be determinant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many coaches encounter athletes and/or staff members with mental health concerns. Recognizing and referring individuals to support resources is vital for providing necessary assistance. Awareness and recognition of mental health issues enable coaches to create an inclusive and supportive environment where everyone can perform their best. This article examines the experiences of participants in U.S. Soccer's Coaching License Courses to understand the frequency they have experienced supporting athletes or staff with mental health challenges and their exposure, interest, perceived value to training in mental health awareness. This observational, cross-sectional study involved a survey following a free mental health awareness presentation. The results of this study showed: (a) a high prevalence of participants have supported athletes or staff in their environment with challenges related to their mental health (82.19 %); (b) a majority of participants had no previous training in recognition or management of mental health related issues (56.65 %); (c) a majority of participants worked with youth athletes (60.16 %); and (d) nearly all participants felt that there was value in having training in mental health for their role as a coach or administrator (98.71 %). In conclusion, coaches and administrators in soccer desire more mental health awareness training. The prevalence to which they have supported individuals with mental health challenges emphasizes the continued need for training and access to mental health resources. Additionally, incorporating training and awareness into all coaching license levels should be prioritized, making it a requirement to comprehensively support athletes and staff both on and off the field.

Doping continues to attract the attention of specialists in the field of Sports Science due to its frequency of occurrence and the need for scientific substantiation of educational interventions. In all the conditional factors of doping behaviour, coaches and athletes are the key factors. Coaches are often identified as a potential enabler in athletes' doping, but precisely for this reason, they continue to be identified with their status as important potential agents in doping prevention. In turn, the athlete is the product of his own development and social-educational-cultural factors. The behavior of rejection or acceptance of the use of prohibited substances is determined by internal, subjective factors and external, social-environmental factors. An extensive model of risk factors, at international level, shows that interventions are needed at different levels for the educational effect to increase. In order to identify the attitude of coaches and athletes working in the Romanian sports system, between February and April 2022, online, with the help of Google forms, two questionnaires about anti-doping knowledge and attitudes were applied, one for athletes and one for coaches. The analysis of the results found that experienced coaches are better informed and have objective views on the impact of doping in sport. On the other hand, athletes resort to doping under peer pressure, lack of time required for training and as a result of competition pressure. Knowledge of these attitudinal peculiarities allows the formulation of recommendations on educational activities in the field of anti-doping education. Studiu privind atitudinea antrenorilor și sportivilor față de consumul de substanțe dopante. Fenomenul dopajului continuă să atragă atenția specialiștilor din domeniul Științei Sportului care urmare a frecvenței de apariție a acestuia și nevoii de fundamentare științifică a intervențiilor educative. În ansamblul factorilor condiționali ai comportamentului doping, antrenorii și sportivii reprezintă factorii esențiali. Antrenorii sunt adesea identificați ca un potențial factor favorizant în fenomenul de dopaj al sportivilor, dar tocmai din acest motiv, ei continuă să fie identificați și cu statutul de agenți potențiali importanți în prevenirea dopajului. La rândul său, sportivul este produsul propriei dezvoltări şi al factorilor sociali-educaţionali-culturali. Comportamentul de respingere sau de acceptare a folosirii substanţelor interzise este determinat de factorii interni, subiectivi şi factorii externi, sociali-ambientali. Un model extins al factorilor de risc, la nivel internațional, arată că intervențiile sunt necesare la diferite niveluri, pentru ca efectul educațional să sporească. Pentru identificarea atitudinii antrenorilor și sportivilor care activează în sistemul sportiv din România, în perioada februarie-aprilie 2022, online, cu ajutorul Google forms, au fost aplicate două chestionare despre cunoștințe și atitudini anti-doping, unul pentru sportivi și unul pentru antrenori. În urma analizei rezultatelor, s-a constatat că antrenorii cu experiență sunt mai bine informați și au opinii obiective privind impactul dopajului în sport. Pe de altă parte, sportivii apelează la dopaj la presiunea colegilor, a lipsei timpului necesar pentru pregătire și ca urmare a presiunii concursului. Cunoașterea acestor particularități atitudinale permite formularea unor recomandări privind activitățile educaționale în domeniul educației antidoping. Cuvinte-cheie: antrenori, sportivi, anti-doping, substanțe dopante Article history: Received: 2024 April 26; Revised 2024 August 16; Accepted 2024 August 28; Available online: 2024 August 30; Available print: 2024 August 30

Abstract Background Elite-level coaches are exposed to multiple performance, organisational and personal stressors which may contribute to reduced mental health and wellbeing. This systematic scoping review examined the current body of evidence to explore what is known about the mental health of elite-level coaches (i.e. wellbeing and mental ill-health), the risk and protective factors that influence coach mental health, and the relationship between mental health and coaching effectiveness. Methods The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A systematic search was undertaken and updated in September 2022 using six electronic databases. Results 12,376 studies were identified and screened, with 42 studies satisfying the inclusion criteria. Despite the paucity of high-quality research, findings indicated that 40% of the included studies examined themes connected to wellbeing, with 76% assessing the nature or prevalence of mental ill-health in elite-level coaches. Among studies exploring mental ill-health, coach burnout was the primary focus, while scant research examined symptoms associated with clinical disorders (e.g. anxiety and depression). Overall, psychological outcomes for elite-level coaches were shaped by risk and protective factors operating at the individual, interpersonal, organisational and societal level. Preliminary evidence was also found to suggest that poor mental health may contribute to reduced coaching effectiveness. It is proposed that coaching effectiveness could therefore be employed as a ‘hook’ to engage elite-level coaches in greater consideration of their mental health needs. Conclusion Alongside the development of methodologically robust research, there is a need to examine dynamic individual (e.g. psychological skills), interpersonal (e.g. strong social supports) and organisational (e.g. workload) factors that aim to preserve the mental health and optimise the efficacy of elite-level coaches.

Within the sport context, critical social agents, such as coaches and peers have a significant impact on youth developmental outcomes as well as participation decisions. While youth’s interpersonal relationships with coaches and peers in sport have received considerable attention, to-date, there remains a lack of research examining the impact of such dynamics for youth development and participation decisions according to sport type. The purpose of this study therefore was to explore youth’s relationships with coaches and peers in individual and team sports and the perceived influence of such dynamics on their developmental experiences and participation decisions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 youth athletes (10 boys and 10 girls), 13-19 years of age and data were analyzed through a reflexive thematic analysis approach. Regardless of sport type, all athletes highlighted the critical importance of coaches and peers for youth development and participation decisions. However, team sports were perceived to better satisfy youth’s developmental outcomes, such as meaningful connections, fun and enjoyment, athletic worth, and motivation and interest. The lack of connections beyond the coach-athlete relationship in individual sports reportedly contributed to decisions to leave sport. To optimize positive developmental experiences and sport participation for youth, coaches are encouraged to prioritize opportunities for youth to experience interpersonal connections with peers; specifically, nurturing peer connections beyond competition outcomes in individual sports remains an important area of interest. Recommendations for future research and practice are suggested.

While AT has been well-documented as a valuable support for disabled and nondisabled children across developmental domains and settings, several barriers to access and implementation persist. Studies have described heightened barriers for community-based preschools, whose access to AT professional development, AT resources, and practitioners with AT experience may be limited. Researchers in this qualitative inquiry engaged twenty-seven participants (teachers, teacher assistants, caregivers and administrators) to learn about their experiences of an AT intervention programme over a 2-year period. Using Constructivist Grounded Theory Methodology, we analysed data from focus groups and semi-structured interviews, generating five themes. Members of the school community valued the programme’s AT coaches, whose presence, affective style and actions promoted their confidence using AT. While the COVID-19 pandemic impacted both programme delivery and participants’ experiences, the programme and its coaches helped bolster technology and communication access in unanticipated ways. Insights from this inquiry emphasise the important, yet often understated role of building relationships with all participants when delivering community-based preschool interventions, invaluable in meeting the holistic needs of children, as well as the practitioners and families who support them. Notably, AT coaches were perceived as liaisons, building rapport, providing technical assistance, and sustaining connections within a school learning community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutrition knowledge is an important factor that influences the nutritional status and health of the individual, group or community. Research studies have been trying to develop a reliable tool which can measure nutrition-related knowledge, nutrition-related awareness and its effect on dietary behaviour. Sports nutritionists usually base their dietary interventions on a nutrition education program with dietary guidelines. There are no. of cross-sectional studies for both coaches and athletes, reporting on nutrition knowledge. Achieving optimal physical condition and maximising athletic performance both depend heavily on nutrition. Our diet provides our bodies with the energy and nutrients they need to sustain physical activity, improve muscular function, and aid in recuperation. Any physical fitness program is incomplete without nutrition as it is an integral part of physical fitness. For any sportsman, the dietary goal is to obtain adequate nutrition to improve their health and fitness or performance in sports.4 A carefully organized nutrition program greatly improves athletic performance. Nutritional status is a crucial factor in determining the physical fitness and training of a sports individual. For sportsmen energy requirement or nutrient requirements are high due to their game. As it is known, appropriate nutrition improves the physical performance of the sportsmen. On the other hand, inadequate intake of nutrients leads to nutrient deficiencies therefore leading to poor performance and health problems. Many studies have provided strong evidence that optimal nutrition supports physical activity, recovery and athlete performance. However Apart from less nutritional knowledge, there are several factors such as restrictive dietary intake or excessive exercise which influence healthy eating. In addition, lack of knowledge, zeal to follow a nutritious diet, lack of money and lack of time, can be a potential reason not to follow a healthy diet. Athletes generally rely on their coaches for nutrition-related guidance. So, when coaches have less knowledge about nutrition it can be a potential problem for athletes to follow a healthy diet. In some Cross-sectional studies, it is found that Coaches Play a key role in providing nutritional-related information. However, they were not aware of the importance of nutrition on performance therefore not giving the necessary importance to their diets. Coaches have inadequate knowledge about sports nutrition and their role is critical as they are prime contact for the athletes to know about their diet to enhance their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the usage and awareness of the FIFA 11 + (11 +) across multiple stakeholders involved with amateur football. Methods: Coaches, players, non-coaching staff and medical personnel in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, were invited to complete a cross-sectional online survey, which was disseminated using a targeted email to two Football NSW member organisations and a social media campaign. Categorical data (including age-groups and sex) are presented as counts and percentages and analysed using a Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. A significance level of 0.05 was used for all analyses. Results: In total 328 players, 55 coaches, 37 non-coaching staff and 16 medical personnel completed the survey (n = 436). Awareness of the 11 + was lowest among non-coaching staff (16.2%) and players (32.6%) but higher among coaches (52.7%) and medical personnel (93.8%). Once aware of the 11 +, 75.8% of all respondents used the program although 89.5% of them did so with modifications. In addition, only 40.0% of players reported completing all three parts of the 11 + program. Veteran players were less likely to complete any type of warm-up compared with junior players (63.7% vs. 96.3%, respectively). Conclusions: Although awareness of the 11 + varied amongst survey respondents, 3 out of 4 respondents who were aware of the 11 + adopted the program. However, respondents reported modifying the 11 + and not completing the program as intended, which suggests modification guidance is required to maintain the efficacy of the 11 +. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although researchers have explored the effects of coach pregame speeches, little is known about the actual content, delivery, and environmental context of the speeches themselves. This study was a descriptive analysis of 127 (n = 77 intercollegiate, n = 37 high school, and n = 13 cinematic) American football pregame speeches. The speeches were viewed, transcribed, coded, and analyzed via the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC2015) software program. Actual speeches were compared with natural speech norms and speeches appearing in movies pertaining to American football. In general, the pregame speeches were characterized by use of confident, analytical, motivational, emotionally tinged language that is collectively oriented and present and future focused. The speeches delivered to high school teams were substantially similar to those delivered to intercollegiate teams. The actual speeches differed from natural speech on numerous variables and from the cinematic speeches on some descriptive variables. The findings suggest that actual American football pregame speeches are fundamentally similar to cinematic American football pregame speeches and constitute a distinct form of communication that is tailored to the unique demands of the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Elite-level coaches are exposed to multiple performance, organisational and personal stressors which may contribute to reduced mental health and wellbeing. This systematic scoping review examined the current body of evidence to explore what is known about the mental health of elite-level coaches (i.e. wellbeing and mental ill-health), the risk and protective factors that influence coach mental health, and the relationship between mental health and coaching effectiveness. Methods: The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A systematic search was undertaken and updated in September 2022 using six electronic databases. Results: 12,376 studies were identified and screened, with 42 studies satisfying the inclusion criteria. Despite the paucity of high-quality research, findings indicated that 40% of the included studies examined themes connected to wellbeing, with 76% assessing the nature or prevalence of mental ill-health in elite-level coaches. Among studies exploring mental ill-health, coach burnout was the primary focus, while scant research examined symptoms associated with clinical disorders (e.g. anxiety and depression). Overall, psychological outcomes for elite-level coaches were shaped by risk and protective factors operating at the individual, interpersonal, organisational and societal level. Preliminary evidence was also found to suggest that poor mental health may contribute to reduced coaching effectiveness. It is proposed that coaching effectiveness could therefore be employed as a 'hook' to engage elite-level coaches in greater consideration of their mental health needs. Conclusion: Alongside the development of methodologically robust research, there is a need to examine dynamic individual (e.g. psychological skills), interpersonal (e.g. strong social supports) and organisational (e.g. workload) factors that aim to preserve the mental health and optimise the efficacy of elite-level coaches. Key Points: At present, there is lack of high-quality research investigating the mental health of elite-level coaches. Limited research has also focused on understanding the nature and prevalence of mental disorders in elite-level coaches, with greater attention directed towards themes associated with wellbeing and burnout. Current evidence indicates that a variety of risk and protective factors operating at the individual, interpersonal, organisational and societal level may influence the mental health of elite-level coaches. Further research is required to determine which factors contribute most significantly towards mental health outcomes. Despite the paucity of research, preliminary evidence indicates that mental health may impact coaching effectiveness, including both a coach's own and team/athlete's functioning. Robust research is needed to examine this relationship in greater depth, to assess whether coaching effectiveness could be employed as a 'hook' to engage elite-level coaches in greater consideration of their mental health needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the European recommendations on sustainable educational skills, a strong need has emerged to provide judo coaches with solid and updated knowledge, competences, and attitudes to train older judo practitioners (≥65 years old). This study illustrates the participatory research methodology used to develop and validate the content of the "Educating Judo Coaches for Older practitioners" (EdJCO) online educational programme. From seven countries, 22 judo and sport science experts of the EdJCO team engaged in a four-phase iterative process: (i) a systematic literature review; (ii) seven national focus groups involving 88 experts and an online survey involving 470 judo coaches; (iii) the online EDJCO programme development; and iv) the educational programme evaluation engaging 51 judo coaches as potential end-users. The EdJCO programme encompasses six modules on organization, aging, safety, physiology, psychology, and coaching methodology. Despite the overall positive evaluations, the experts were required to streamline the online programme to meet the coaches' demands, and to provide a comprehensive handbook to further deepen their knowledge. The cooperation among university scholars, experts from the International Judo Federation Academy, national-level sports clubs, and the judo coaches of older practitioners of different backgrounds and nationalities built a sustainable educational programme suitable for end-users to boost their teaching and training potential across their lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The horse owner and the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) are responsible for safeguarding horse welfare by ensuring the equipment being used is correctly fitted. The aim of this study was to investigate how saddle fit is assessed, managed, and acted upon by equestrian professionals. Participants (n = 483) completed an online questionnaire, which was split into three major sections: (1) participant demographics; (2) saddle fit for the horse; and (3) saddle fit for the rider. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis, and univariable and multivariable analyses were performed (p < 0.05). Inductive content analysis identified themes from open-question responses. From the UK responses (n = 377), 184 saddle fitters, 77 therapists, and 116 coaches completed the survey. Compared to coaches, saddle fitters and therapists asked more frequently when their clients last had their saddle fitted (p = 0.0004). Saddle fitters typically assessed the saddle statically and dynamically vs. therapists, where it was dependent on the circumstances of the assessment (p = 0.0004). Saddle fitters experienced the saddle being out of balance more than therapists (p = 0.032) and made more alterations to the saddle than therapists and coaches (p = 0.0004). This study highlights opportunities for professions within the MDT to better support each other and horseowners to achieve improvements in overall fit for horses and riders.

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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology is the property of Idokan Poland Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Accessible, low-cost intervention options are necessary to address the rise in mental health problems among college students. Digital guided self-help, or coached, programs have been developed to provide such services, with many commercially available. As such, there are a large and growing number of individuals coaching these programs. However, an unmet need is to evaluate and assess best practices for training and supervising individuals in these positions. To this end, we describe how we recruited, trained, and supervised coaches as part of a large randomized controlled trial using a widely available digital commercial platform. Coaches were trained to provide digital guided self-help for depression, anxiety, and/or eating disorders for college students. Coaches initially attended three live training sessions over 2-3weeks, viewed multiple training videos, and read a detailed coaching manual developed by our team. Thereafter, they attended weekly supervision. Following their term, coaches completed an exit survey to assess their supervision and training experiences. A total of 37 of 70 (53%) graduate-level student coaches completed the survey. The experience was reported as very positive (95%). In particular, the majority reported feeling well prepared, more confident, and felt they had developed useful skills for their own practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Im Trampolinsport können Athletinnen ungewollten Urinverlust haben, was psychische und physische Folgen hat. Das Ziel war, zu erheben, wie viele deutsche Trampolinturner:innen von ungewolltem Urinverlust betroffen sind und welche Folgen dies für sie hat. Außerdem wurde die Perspektive der Trainer:innen untersucht. Ein Online-Fragebogen wurde an aktive Trampolinturner:innen und Trainer:innen, die älter als 18 Jahre waren, geschickt. Die Antworten wurden beschreibend ausgewertet. 122 Turner:innen und 145 Trainer:innen beantworteten den Fragebogen. Die Prävalenz von Urininkontinenz war 50,8%. Als Folge empfinden 74,2% Scham und 52% haben weniger Spaß am Trampolinturnen. Copingstrategien waren vermehrt auf die Toilette gehen (85,5%) und das Verwenden von Hygieneartikeln (75,8%). 56% der Trainer:innen schätzen, dass „keine" oder „wenige" Turner:innen betroffen sind. Drei Viertel der Trainer:innen messen diesem Thema „keine" bis „mäßige" Relevanz bei und nur 26% wurden von Athlet:innen auf das Thema angesprochen. Ungewollter Urinverlust tritt bei ca. der Hälfte der Trampolinturner:innen auf. Die meisten Trainer:innen denken, dass es nicht häufig vorkommt und nur mäßige Relevanz hat. Evidenzebene: 2b. In trampoline gymnastics, female athletes can experience involuntary urinary leakage which may have psychological and physiological consequences. The aim was to investigate how many trampolinists are affected by involuntary urinary leakage and what the consequences for them are. Another goal was to investigate the coaches' perspective. An online survey was sent to current trampoline gymnasts and coaches, who were older than 18 years of age. The results were analyzed descriptively. 122 gymnasts and 145 coaches completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 50.8%. As a consequence 74.2% feel embarrassed and 50% enjoy trampolining less. Coping strategies were going to the toilet more often (85.5%) and using hygiene products (75.8%). 56% of the coaches believed that "none" or "few" trampolinists were affected. The relevance of this topic was rated as "none" to "moderate" by 74.7% and 26% were approached to talk about the topic by athletes. Involuntary urine leakage affects half of all trampolinists. Most coaches believe that it does not occur frequently and that it is only moderately relevant. Level of Evidence: 2b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National Tennis Associations operate within the confines of a market-driven environment. An environment creating incentive structures forcing NTAs to be cognizant of revenue generation, which may impact how tennis development systems are designed and implemented, affecting how tennis products and services are delivered at the micro-level. Therefore, the study sought to examine coaches' perspectives of how tennis delivery at the ground level is shaped by the incentive structures created by NTAs' implementation of tennis development systems. Findings from eight interviews with experienced coaches demonstrate how coaches feel compelled to compromise some of their ideals in their delivery of tennis services, feel the pressure of competitive youth tennis can be overwhelming for players, and believe a team-oriented tournament structure can alleviate some of the concerns arising from extant incentive structures. Findings show the need to consider how tennis's existence in a market-driven economy shapes how tennis is managed and delivered, and provide an initial foundation for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revija Šport is the property of Sport: Revija Za Teoreticna in Praticna Vprasanja Sporta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explored the emotional and cognitive dimensions associated with technical fouls (TFs) in basketball coaching. Using in-depth interviews with Israeli first-division basketball coaches, we aimed to uncover the emotional and cognitive intricacies involved in TFs. Through rigorous thematic content analysis, we delved into coaches' ability to perceive and manipulate psychological momentum on the court. We revealed that coaches intentionally use TFs as strategic tools. TFs were employed to elicit specific emotional responses and cognitive shifts in players, affecting their emotional states, arousal levels, motivation, and overall team performance. However, coaches approached TFs with caution due to the associated emotional and cognitive risks. They carefully weighed potential benefits against unforeseen consequences in their decision-making. Furthermore, our research highlighted coaches' belief in the immediate positive impact of TFs on referee decisions, underscoring the interplay between emotional influence and strategic advantage. Nevertheless, this advantage was perceived as short-lived, emphasizing that TFs are a two-edged sword with unpredictable outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Social Sciences (IJSS) / Uluslararasi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of International Journal of Social Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to explore the views of judo coaches on their perceived knowledge (PK) and needs for education (NE) for training older practitioners. In total, 470 international (Europe = 48%, Americas = 22%, Africa = 23%, Asia = 5% and Oceania = 2%) judo coaches (IJF: level 1 = 55,3%, level 2 = 33%; judo black belt: 3,4 ± 1,7 dan; F = 15%; university education: 68% >BA) responded an online survey encompassing demographic information and 35 items relevant to training older adults (Aging process; Safety and First Aid; Organization & Environment; Physiology and Fitness; Psychology & Mental Health; Teaching & Training) to be rated on a 7-point Likert scale for PK and NE. Non parametric statistics (p > 0.05) was applied to ascertain differences and relationships between PK and NE, respectively. A bivariate go-zone plot was used to highlight items with the lowest PK and the highest NE mean values. The coaches reported high PK (4.5 ± 0.3 pt) and NE (4.7 ± 0.1 pt) values, with significant higher PK values emerging for high education levels and judo experience. In considering their unique needs and special role, the judo coaches presented valuable insights to develop a sustainable educational curriculum tailored to train older judo practitioners.

Introduction Beliefs about the instrumental effects of maltreatment are a factor explaining abuse in sports. The availability of a valid and reliable German scale measuring these beliefs is essential for a better understanding of the concept. This article introduces and validates the German version of the Perceived Instrumental Effects of Maltreatment in Sport scale (PIEMS-G-14). Methods Study 1 examines the translation and evaluation of the scale structure, the development of a short version (PIEMS-G-6), and both the full and short versions’ construct validity and reliability in a sample of youth sports coaches (n = 628). Studies 2 (n = 444) and 3 (n = 423) focus on cross-validating the structure of the PIEMS-G-14 and PIEMS-G-6 in two independent samples of youth sports coaches and provide further evidence of the construct validity and reliability of the scales. Results Despite a reduction in the number of items compared to the original instrument, the PIEMS-G-14 exhibited robust measurement capabilities. The PIEMS-G-6, also demonstrated promising psychometric properties in assessing coaches’ beliefs about the instrumental effects of maltreatment. The reliability and validity of both the PIEMS-G-14 and PIEMS-G-6 were further supported by rigorous examination with two independent samples, providing compelling evidence of their construct validity. Discussion/Conclusion The PIEMS-G-14 and PIEMS-G-6 are suitable for use in assessing beliefs about the instrumental effects of maltreatment in German-speaking sports contexts.