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This study aims to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity of the combination treatment of a drug and curcumin (Cur) on leukemic stem cell and leukemic cell lines, including KG-1a and KG-1 (FLT3+ LSCs), EoL-1 (FLT3+ LCs), and U937 (FLT3− LCs). The cytotoxicity of co-treatments of Dox or Ida at concentrations of the IC10 – IC80 values and each concentration of Cur at the IC20, IC30, IC40, and IC50 values (conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4) was determined by MTT assays. Dox–Cur and Ida-Cur increased cytotoxicity in leukemic cells. Dox–Cur co-treatment showed additive effects in several conditions. The effect of this co-treatment on FLT3 expression in KG-1a, KG-1, and EoL-1 cells was examined by Western blotting. Dox–Cur decreased FLT3 protein levels and total cell numbers in all the cell lines. By contrast, the FLT3 protein levels and total cell number after Cur treatment did not show significant differences as a result of the co-treatments. Dox–Cur decreased FLT3 protein expression in a dose dependent manner. In summary, Cur was the effective compound in inhibiting FLT3 protein expression. Co-treatment with Dox–Cur could enhance the cytotoxicity of Dox by inhibiting the proliferation of AML leukemic stem cells.

International audience; Fischer-Tropsch cobalt catalyst deselectivation was studied using accelerated aging treatments dedicated to the carburization phenomenon. Cobalt carbide was successfully obtained by CO treatments, with limited simultaneously carbon deposition nor sintering. Particle sizes were found to influence the catalyst sensitivity to carburization, likely because of a possible core–shell mechanism. An important loss of both activity and selectivity to heavy products was observed after the treatments, making carburization one of the potential mechanisms responsible for deselectivation in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Side products were also impacted by cobalt carbide formation, with an increase of CO2 production and a decrease of the selectivity to olefins. The extent of carburization was found to directly dictate the level of the selectivity shift.

The preparation and modification of high effective Pd–Cu/C electrocatalysts toward ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline solution are investigated. A simple strategy through atmosphere-induced surface/structural modification is applied to promote their electrochemical performance. The alterations of EOR activities, structures and surface species of the prepared catalysts induced by H2, O2 or CO treatments are analyzed by CV, XRD and XPS techniques, respectively. It is observed that the degree of Pd–Cu alloying, surface Pd oxidation, CO oxidation and EOR activity are all promoted by the CO treatment at 470 K and the current density at −0.2 V of the as-prepared sample is enhanced about 190% due to the formation of perfect alloy core/PdO shell structure. Keywords: Pd–Cu/C catalysts, CO treatment, Ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), Degree of alloying, PdO, Alkaline solution

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite recent advances, the treatment success differs strongly between colorectal cancer patients and new treatment options are urgently needed. Since most tumors avoid apoptosis by a dysregulation of Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), IAP inhibitors such as the SMAC mimetic birinapant are promising new drugs for the treatment of CRC. However, it is currently not possible to stratify for patients who might benefit from adjuvant therapy and those who need new treatments. In 2015, an international consortium unified six independent subtyping approaches and defined 4 distinct, so-called consensus molecular subtypes (CMS). The CMSs are the current gold standard for CRC subtyping and have some prognostic values. Nevertheless, whether the CMS classification can be used to estimate the treatment success is currently under investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of treatments with the chemotherapeutics oxaliplatin and 5-fluoruracil (5-FU), TNFalpha, the SMAC-mimetic birinapant and a combination of these drugs. We selected 10 cell lines, representing the four CMSs, and treated them for 24h and 48h with the respective drugs. At both time points, we assessed the cell death by staining with Annexin V/PI followed by flow cytometric analysis of the cells. We were able to show that birinapant has very strong synergistic effects if used in combination with either oxaliplatin/5-FU or TNFalpha, but does not induce apoptosis alone. Importantly, the efficacy of the various co-treatments differed between the cell lines. These differences can, to some extent, be linked to the corresponding CMS of the cells. Cells belonging to the CMS1 subtype showed strong synergistic effects of birinapant and oxaliplatin/5-FU. In contrast, birinapant and TNFalpha co-treatments showed synergistic effects in CMS2 cells, but not in CMS1 cells. Cells belonging to the CMS3 subtype, however, showed a mixed but generally weak response to the co-treatments. Our results highlight birinapant as a promising drug for the treatment of CRC. Our data also suggest that CMSs not only have prognostic values but may also be used as patient stratification tools. Citation Format: Michael Fichtner, Emir Bozkurt, Katherine McAllister, Christopher McCann, Daniel Longley, Jochen H. Prehn. Birinapant co-treatments of colon cancer cell lines show consensus molecular subtype-specific synergistic effects [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3907.

In this research, the effect of different concentrations of Nickel (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM), Salicylic acid (0, 1 and 2 mM), Cobalt (0, 1 and 2 mM) and sucrose (0, 2.5%) on flower longevity, Acc-oxidase activity, anthocyanin leakage, microbial population, water uptake and SPAD value as a measure of leaf greenness of Lily was investigated. To evaluate the effect of these treatments, a study was carried out based on the randomized complete design with five replications. Results of this experiment showed that the best treatment in extending mM SA+2 mM Co with 2.5% sucrose. SA, Ni and Co decreased the anthocyanin leakage, whereas the highest concentrations of SA, Ni and Co reduced ACC-oxidase activity. The Maximum of chlorophyll content was observed for flower kept in solution containing 2 mM SA and 2 mM SA+ 2.5% sucrose compared to the control and solution containing Ni and Co. Ni and Co treatments had no positive effect on increasing the water uptake and fresh weight of Lily. Overall, the results suggest that SA, Ni, CO and sucrose increase the vase-life by improving the membrane stability and reducing the oxidative stress damages during Lily flower senescence.

Abstract Fluid clean-up effects have hampered stimulation success in many tight, naturally fractured sandstone reservoirs. The petrophysical responses of treatment fluid invasion can affect short-term and in some cases long-term reservoir deliverability. Many times reservoirs such as the Wolfcamp intervals, in the Val Verde Basin of west Texas, exhibit better response to CO energized fluids than non-energized fluids. We will present data from a case study of several wells in the Wolfcamp A, C, and D intervals where CO-assisted fluid and 100% CO treatments have significantly improved productivity in both initial and remedial applications. First, we will include case histories where CO-assisted fluid fracturing and refracturing treatments improved performance over non-energized, fluid treatments, Next, we will describe cases where injections of non-energized fluids systematically reduced production; in particular we will describe a case that was successfully remediated by a 100% CO treatment. Then, several cases will be presented showing sustainable improved responses following 100% CO treatments in previously energized and non-energized fracture stimulated intervals. P. 255

Live cockles were incubated in atmospheres containing different concentrations of carbon monoxide. Since CO combines more readily with myoglobin and haemoglobin than oxygen, the formation of in vivo deoxygenated haemoglobins and post mortem formation of methaemoglobin were retarded by the more stable carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO). The bright red colour of the stable HbCO is retained during storage, giving the desired colour to the cockles. The colour of normal, chilled cockle meat deteriorated after 3 days ice storage while those treated with 50 and 100% CO retained the bright deep orange colour up to 10 days storage. Irradiation caused faster colour deterioration in both CO and non-CO treated samples. Vacuum packing influenced the colour of the cockles with irradiation and with CO treatments. In non-CO treated, irradiated samples, the effect of vacuum packing was not obvious. In CO treated, irradiated samples, vacuum packing retarded the deterioration of colour. Odour developments were influenced by irradiation, vacuum packing and storage temperature, and were not influenced by CO treatments. Irradiation suppressed the development of odour for the first 11 days storage (0°C) while vacuum packing depressed the odour by lowering its intensity instead. Odour development was slowed down by lowering the storage temperature. The odour of shucked cockles was rejected within one day at room temperature (26–28°C) while at 0°C the odour of the shucked cockles was still acceptable after 10 days. Suitable chemical indices for quality are K value and TVBN. Treatment with CO did not influence the K value development. Vacuum packing produced the highest K values after 19 days storage (0°C), while irradiated samples had higher K values than non-irradiated samples. The TVBN increased with storage and is an indicator of the odour development. The use of CO treatment extended the shelflife of the cockles based on appearance. A combination of CO treatment, vacuum packing, ice storage and irradiation extended the shelflife to beyond 18 days, based on odour, colour, and overall appearance.

Exploratory laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments in 1961 and 1962 were used to study the cobalt (Co) nutrition of soybeans in Indiana. The Co treatments were applied by either seed or foliar methods. Co treatments greater than 36.8 mg/kg of seed applied to the seed as the sulfate salt produced chlorosis of the leaves and stunted the young seedlings. Mild chlorosis could be completely corrected by adding Fe salts. A three-state survey conducted in Illinois, Iowa, and Indiana (1961) reported similar results with CoSO₄ seed treatment at the rate of 92 mg/kg seed. Between 48 and 65% of the 396 fields studied reported the development of chlorotic seedlings. A controlled field experiment conducted in 1961 showed only decreased yields from Co applied at the rate of 184 mg/kg seed, but a similar experiment conducted in 1962 with Co applied at the rate of 18.4 mg/kg showed increased yields in three of the five locations. However, none of these differences in the latter two tests were significant at the 5% level. In a later study direct evidence for the translocation of foliar applied Co to the nodules was obtained using Co

The author ( 1965) has suggested a satisfaction-cooperation hypothesis (a reverse form of the frustrrcion-aggression hypothesis) to account for some results with Prisoner's Dilemma games. According to this formulation, a person's cooperative behavior is a function of his outcomes relative to his level of expectations. Two experiments were designed to give a direct test of this hypothesis, using Prisoner's Dilemma games. In Exp. I a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial design assigned 56 Ss (28 of each sex) co treatments of high or low expectations (by manipulating fictitious norms for an exercise preceding the Prisoner's Dilemma) and high or low achievement (by manipulating, through a confederate, outcomes of this preceding exercise). Evidence confirmed the expectation treatment, but no differences in cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma were obtained. In Exp. I1 a 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 factorial design (sex, achievement of expectations, involvement of cocfederate, and motivational arousal) was used with 48 Ss. Questionnaire evidence failed to indicate that involvement of confederate or motivational arousal were successfully created, but Ss following successful achievement of expectations did give significantly higher ratings of the confederate (for "liking" ratings F = 21.01, df = 1/32, $ < .01; for "effectiveness" ratings F = 15.98, df = 1/32, p < .01) and of the experiment (for "liking" ratings F = 20.67, df = 1/32, 9 < .01; for "effectiveness" ratings F = 19.35, df = 1/32, P < .01) than did SS subjected to failure. An analysis of variance of Prisoner's Dilemma cooperation, however, showed no significant treatment effects. An additional finding (though not related to the experimental design) was that Ss primarily oriented to the other S (confederate) showed significantly higher cooperation (dividing Ss arbitrarily into those with high or low cooperation, x2 = 7.39, p < .01) than those primarily oriented to the game matrix. It is concluded that other features of the game situation were more important in affecting cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma than a preceding experience of satisfaction or failure. Perhaps whether or not increased satisfaction leads to more cooperative behavior depends on the perception of the sicuation as appropriate for the expression of such behavior.