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Forgiveness plays an important role in maintaining healthy relationships. However, scant empirical literature is available that investigates the associations between self-regulation, forgiveness and relationship outcomes. In the current study, we examined the possible mediating role of forgiveness in the linkage between self-control and relationship outcomes, employing both cross-sectional (Study 1; n = 205) and longitudinal (Study 2; n = 600) designs. Participants in heterosexual romantic relationships completed online survey(s) assessing their levels of self-control, forgiveness, and the quality of their relationship. Results provide support for the self-regulatory model of forgiveness, in which higher level of self-control is associated with higher level of forgiveness, which in turn, are associated with better relationship outcomes (i.e., satisfaction, commitment, and closeness) in Study 1. Results also indicated that the self-regulatory model of forgiveness was stable over four weeks in Study 2. The present study advances our theoretical understanding of the mechanisms underlying the association between self-control and relationship outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caregivers' psychological well-being is linked to the quality of care provided for familiar with chronic illness. Despite caregivers of cardiac patients present an impaired psychological well-being, less investigated is the psychological well-being of caregivers of individuals with a rare disease such as the Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis (ATTR-CA). Specifically, given that no study explored the well-being of the caregiver and the caregiver-patient relationship, this study aimed to analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression in ATTR-CA caregivers and if these disorders were associated with patient's and caregiver's characteristics. Fifty-eight dyad caregiver-ATTR-CA patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Network of Relationships Inventory. Moreover, ATTR-CA patients completed the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, while caregivers completed the Multidimensional Scale of Social Support. Results showed that anxious caregivers (44%) reported higher conflict with patients. They had ATTR-CA relatives with a worse perception of cardiac symptoms and higher anxiety and depression. Depressed caregivers (39%) reported higher conflict with ATTR-CA relatives and lower perceived social support. Caregiver reported a high prevalence of anxiety and depression associated with worse personal relational well-being and to patient's psycho-physical condition. The care of ATTR-CA patient should consider the caregiver well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner aggression (IPA) is a costly and incompletely understood phenomenon. Negative urgency, the tendency to act impulsively in response to negative affect, is predictive of IPA perpetration. Mindfulness, by virtue of its emphasis on nonreactivity to negative affect, is an opposing force to urgent tendencies that may mitigate the negative urgency‐IPA link. Yet, no research to date investigates the interactive effects of negative urgency and mindfulness on IPA perpetration. Two studies were conducted that measured and manipulated multiple facets of mindfulness alongside measures of negative urgency and tendencies of IPA perpetration (combined N = 508 undergraduate students in monogamous intimate relationships). Counter to our preregistered predictions, we found that negative urgency's association with greater IPA perpetration increased at higher levels of mindfulness. These findings suggest that mindfulness may not be a protective factor against IPA perpetration for individuals higher in negative urgency, but rather may serve as a risk factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Borderline personality disorder is a disorder characterized by real or imaginary abandonment and excessive preoccupation with irregularities in interpersonal relationships, self, affect, behavior, and cognitions. The sensitivity of rejection is one of the main features of borderline personality disorder. Borderline patients experience great discomfort in their close relationships which looks so familiar with the fear of intimacy, the concept that affects people's interpersonal relationships and is defined by the unconscious fear of intimacy and avoidance of intimacy. The aim of this study clarifying the relationship between rejection sensitivity and fear of intimacy, the features which make borderline patients' close relationships even more complicated. Material and Method: Participants were asked to fill in the Borderline Personality Questionnaire, Adult Rejection Sensitivity Scale, Fear of Intimacy Scale, and socio-demographic data form. Pearson correlation analysis, Independent Groups t-test, ANOVA, and Multiple Linear Regression were used for predictive analysis. Results: As a result of the study, It was found that borderline personality features were higher in individuals with higher levels of both the rejection sensitivity level and the fear of intimacy level (p <0.05). Both rejection sensitivity (39%) and fear of intimacy (43%) predicted personality features. When fear of intimacy and rejection sensitivity comes together they explain the variation in borderline personality features (49%). Also rejection sentivity predicted fear of intimacy (46%). Conclusion: The results of the study show that interventions to reduce anxiety about rejection and intimacy can contribute to the prevention or reduction of borderline personality traits. Also it is seen fear of intimacy may be an aspect of rejection sensitivity to prevent rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud‐based commensality refers to an eating scenario in which people are eating and videoconferencing with remote co‐diners. We report two experiments designed to investigate whether cloud‐based commensality can exert a positive effect on individuals' physical and mental health. In Experiment 1, the participants were asked to rate their expectations concerning their feelings when eating in the context of cloud‐based commensality or solitary eating and to make food choices in each eating scenario. In Experiment 2, romantic couples were recruited to have meals in different eating scenarios in the laboratory and were asked to rate their emotions and close relationships. The results of the two experiments revealed that when engaging in cloud‐based commensality, participants reduced their intake of meat dishes but did not increase their choices of meat dishes compared to solitary eating. Moreover, the results suggest that cloud‐based commensality can alleviate negative feelings and promote positive emotions during periods of quarantine or non‐quarantine and enhance close relationships for romantic couples. These findings demonstrate that cloud‐based commensality is beneficial for individuals' physical and mental health and provide practical implications for utilizing social eating to promote healthy eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Issues regarding close relations became especially prevalent within the context of the pandemic, due to the forced separation of these relationships. This is now seen as a signifi cant stressor that infl uences emotions and subjective perceptions of the relationship. Objective. The current study aims to investigate the specifi cs of coping with the forced separation of partners with varying types of closeness. Design. The study was carried out with quantitative and qualitative methods. The sample included 43 women and 42 men (aged 21–47); all were involuntarily separated from their partners by impacts of the pandemic. Results. Th ree scenarios of romantic relationships were identifi ed based on a balance of love components (intimacy, passion, commitment) and prevalent feelings (closeness or distance). Th e authors concluded that certain coping strategies (positive reassessment, acceptance, distraction) can help the individual to cope with the separation, but do not contribute to the closeness of the partners and the strengthening of the relationship. Coping primarily through active support was typical for partners with intense and balanced feelings based on closeness (Scenario 3). Ambivalent feelings toward a partner (Scenario 1) were associated with passive coping, which increased the risk of detachment. Th e moderate manifestation of balanced love components and closeness (Scenario 2) focused on acceptance of the situation, positive reassessing, and distraction, all of which reduce the stress of separation, but cause anxiety regarding the future of the relationship. Conclusion. Th e type of close relationship has been found to correlate to the coping strategy adopted by the couple following forced separation during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, further studies are required to investigate separation in various social contexts, not only in isolation due to the pandemic, as well as its connection to psychological well-being.

Introduction: Communication is a skill and its quality is associated with adult attachment styles. This study aimed to assess the association between self-reported quality of health care workers' (HCWs) communication with their patients and HCWs' attachment styles and personal relationship status and quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. Material and methods: Two thousand three hundred three HCWs participated in the online survey conducted in all voivodeships in Poland in early 2022, including 1791 individuals living in close relationships (defined as being in a relationship for at least six months). The study explored this association among four groups of HCWs: physicians (n = 498), nurses (n = 1216), paramedics (n = 166), others (n = 423). Communication competencies were evaluated using the 12-item Health Professionals Communication Scale (HPCSS-12) (range 12-72) measuring empathy, informative communication, respect, and social skills. The quality of the HCWs' relationships was examined using Experiences in Close Relationships - Revised Scale (ECR-RS), which measures security of attachment. Results: The overall mean HPCSS-12 index was 59.58 ± 7.36, with a significant difference between physicians according to their relationship status. Problems in relationships were reported by 24.5% of respondents, ranging from 21.2% among physicians to 31.7% among paramedics. HCWs reporting a less secure attachment style scored 2.73 points lower on the HP-CSS scale as compared to those with no such problems (p < 0.001). In males, having good and secure relationships was associated with better communication particularly among the group of other HCWs (64.55 ± 7.05) and in paramedics (61.83 ± 3.94). Also, high HPCSS-12 values were achieved by female physicians and other female professionals living in secure relationships (61.61 ± 7.13 and 61.04 ± 6.30, respectively). Conclusions: Health care providers should be aware that the quality of HCW-patient communication is not only associated with gender, age, or occupational group, but also with the HCW's personal situation in a family or other close relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of marriage is to make family in happy and eternal according to the purpose of Law Number 1 of 1974, and the state has set a marriage age limit. Problems occur because there are many cases of marriage dispensation with decisions being granted which sometimes contradict the purpose of marriage. This study discusses the marriage dispensation decision at the Purwokerto Religious Court in 2018 with 108 decisions. The results show that there are two main factors that make judges allow children to marry through marriage dispensation. The first factor considered by the panel of judges, namely the existence of such a close relationship between the prospective groom and the prospective bride that causes the parents of each prospective bride and groom to worry that their child will fall into things that will be detrimental. The second reason assessed by the panel of judges was that the bride and groom were pregnant. In order to reduce the practice of marriage dispensation, pre-marital guidance, counseling through recitation is a psychological and mental preparation to achieve the purpose of marriage.

Panic buying is a globally witnessed behavior during the outbreak of COVID-19. This consumer behavior is related to many undesirable consequences, ranging from disrupting economic stability to hindering timely provision of supplies to those in dire need. As such, to understand the causes and underlying mechanisms of panic buying is crucial. Based on terror management theory, this study examined the contribution of perceived risk, social media use, and connection with close others to panic buying. Data were collected through an online survey from 972 Chinese citizens (65.9% female, Mage = 33.69 years) at the beginning period of COVID-19 in early February 2020. The results found that individuals with a higher level of perceived risk were more prone to engage in panic buying, but this link was mitigated by connection with close others when individuals less used social media. Theoretically, this study advances the understandings of the psychological processes of panic buying during health crisis. Practically, alleviating individuals' perceived risk, establishing a healthy habit of social media use, and strengthening social ties are important to circumventing panic buying in times of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanistic Perspective is the property of Fuat Aydogdu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: There are relationships between early maladaptive schemas, psychological symptoms, and deception structures. Researches have not examined all these structures collectively in a single study. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, psychological symptoms and deception tendency according to various sociodemographic features. This research also aims to contribute to clinical studies. Many counselees who receive psychotherapy have problems in their relationships. Therefore, it is important to understand what is causing these problems. Methods: The research was carried out with a total of 407 non-clinical participants, 200 women and 207 men who aged between 18 and 45 live in Istanbul. Data were collected from the participants using the Sociodemographic Information Form, the Young Schema Scale, the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Deception Tendency Scale. Results: According to the results of the applied correlation analyzes, it was found that there was a significant positive correlation between the components of early maladaptive schemas, psychological symptoms and infidelity tendency. The findings were interpreted and discussed within the framework of the literature. Conclusions: An effective treatment plan can be developed that specifically addresses the etiological factor for problems that arise in close relationships. There is no significant positive relationship between the brief symptom inventory and the deception tendency scale. The base of this weak relationship is most likely to be associated with The Brief Symptom Inventory sub-dimensions of depression, anxiety, negative self, somatization, and hostility. We propose a research design to predict the relationship between EMS, personality, personality disorders, and the tendency of deception for other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social interaction is an important way that we as humans connect with others. Socioemotional selectivity theory emphasizes the importance of close relationships, and Chinese culture attaches great importance to family members. As such, this study aimed to examine the differences in the quality of interactions that older Chinese adults have with close partners (e.g., children, friends, and relatives) as well as with other partners (e.g., neighbors, colleagues, and strangers) and to examine the association between interaction quality and emotional experience across these interactions. We collected data from 213 older adults over the course of 14 days. Results indicate that (1) compared to other partners, interactions with close partners are considered to be of higher quality; (2) in interactions with children and relatives, interaction quality is positively associated with positive affect (PA) and negatively associated with negative affect (NA); in interactions with friends and neighbors, interaction quality is only associated with PA; in interactions with colleagues and strangers, interaction quality is not associated with either PA or NA. Overall, interactions with close partners were shown to be considered to be of higher quality, and that the quality of interactions with family members was closely associated with emotional experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Intimate partner problems increase suicide risk, particularly among active service members and veterans. Age, marital status and military service status may modify the role of intimate partner problems in suicide. Methods: Participants included 6255 men who died by suicide at 18 years of age and older and who actively, previously, or never served in the military. Reports of intimate partner problems prior to suicide were documented by the Virginia Department of Health. Results: Unmarried active service members, above middle age, were more likely than veterans and individuals without prior military service to have associated reports of intimate partner problems. Conclusion: Life stages and relationship context may influence the role of intimate partner problems as a risk factor for suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxytocin is a primary neuropeptide which coordinates affiliative behavior. Previous researchers pointed to the association between genetic vulnerability on Oxytocin Receptor Gene (OXTR) and environmental factors (e.g., social relationships) to comprehend social behavior. Although an extensive knowledge of in-person social interactions has been obtained, little is known about online sociability. A gene-environment perspective is adopted to examine how OXTR and adult attachment moderate Instagram behavior. The genetic factors within the regions OXTR/rs53576 (A/A homozygotes vs G-carriers) and OXTR/rs2254298 (G/G homozygotes vs A-carriers) were assessed. The Experience in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) questionnaire was used to collect participants' (N = 57, 16 males) attachment with a partner. The number of posts, followed people (“followings”) and followers were obtained from Instagram, and the Social Desirability Index (SDI) was calculated as the ratio of followers to followings. Interaction effects between OXTR groups and ECR-R scores on the number of posts and SDI were hypothesized. Results showed an effect of rs53576 on the number of Instagram followings. Specifically, people with A/A OXTR/rs53576 genotype had more followings than G-carriers independent of the anxiety or avoidance felt towards their partner. These preliminary results offer insights into future investigations on social media behavior.

The present study focuses on experiences of relational tensions and management strategies in family relationships among 18 young adults with foster care backgrounds who participated in interviews. In the analysis drawing from relational dialectics, three main tensions were revealed in the participants' relationships with birth and foster family members or in their romantic relationships: the dialectics of emotional distance-closeness, integration-separation and sameness-otherness. In addition, the tension of the childhood dialectic of responsibility was identified in this study. The tensions were managed utilizing eight strategies. The findings highlight the importance of giving a voice to young adults who have experienced the complex web of relationships in at least two families and of sensitizing both birth and foster parents and other adults working with foster children and youth to these tensions in relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, researchers have used hyperscanning techniques to explore how brains interact during various human activities. These studies have revealed a phenomenon called interpersonal neural synchronization (INS), but little research has focused on the overall effect of INS in close relationships. To address this gap, this study aims to synthesize and analyze the existing literature on INS during social interactions in close relationships. We conducted a meta-analysis of 17 functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning studies involving 1149 dyads participants, including romantic couples and parent-child dyads. The results revealed robust and consistent INS in the frontal, temporal, and parietal regions of the brain and found similar INS patterns in couples and parent-child studies, providing solid empirical evidence for the attachment theory. Moreover, the age of children and brain areas were significant predictors of the effect size in parent-child research. The developmental stage of children and the mismatched development of brain structures might be the crucial factors for the difference in neural performance in social and cognitive behaviors in parent-child dyads. • Hyperscanning uncovers consistent interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) during close relationship interactions. • Similar INS patterns observed in both couples and parent-child dyads provide empirical validation for attachment theory. • Frontal, temporal, and parietal regions exhibit significant INS, illustrating s the neural underpinnings of social interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by theories of prosocial behavior, we tested the effect of relationship status and incentives on intended voluntary blame-taking in two experiments (Experiment 2 was pre-registered). Participants (NE1 = 211 and NE2 = 232) imagined a close family member, a close friend, or an acquaintance and read a scenario that described this person committing a minor traffic offense. The person offered either a monetary, social, or no incentive for taking the blame. Participants indicated their willingness to take the blame and reasons for and against blame-taking. Overall, a sizable proportion of participants indicated to be willing to take the blame (E1: 57.8%; E2: 34.9%). Blame-taking rates were higher for family members than close friends or acquaintances in both experiments, as expected. Unexpectedly, there was no difference between a close friend and an acquaintance in Experiment 2. Social incentives did not have an effect on voluntary blame-taking in either experiment. Neither did we find an interaction between relationship status and incentives. The results highlight the importance of kin relationships in the context of voluntary blame-taking.

Inspired by theories of prosocial behavior, we tested the effect of relationship status and incentives on intended voluntary blame-taking in two experiments (Experiment 2 was pre-registered). Participants (N E1 = 211 and N E2 = 232) imagined a close family member, a close friend, or an acquaintance and read a scenario that described this person committing a minor traffic offense. The person offered either a monetary, social, or no incentive for taking the blame. Participants indicated their willingness to take the blame and reasons for and against blame-taking. Overall, a sizable proportion of participants indicated to be willing to take the blame (E1: 57.8%; E2: 34.9%). Blame-taking rates were higher for family members than close friends or acquaintances in both experiments, as expected. Unexpectedly, there was no difference between a close friend and an acquaintance in Experiment 2. Social incentives did not have an effect on voluntary blame-taking in either experiment. Neither did we find an interaction between relationship status and incentives. The results highlight the importance of kin relationships in the context of voluntary blame-taking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is the analysis of hope expressed in the prisoners' narratives about romantic relationships. The study included 301 prisoners from different prisons and 253 persons forming the control group. Participants wrote stories about their close romantic relationships. The narrative indicators of hope were as follows: the number of positive ending of the stories, the number of optimistic views of the situation, temporal approach of the story, mental processes. Intergroup comparisons have been conducted. The results showed that prisoners have a less optimistic view of their romantic relationship, their stories have positive ending less often, they also have a lower level of the mental processes' indicator. However, they describe their stories in present and future tenses which may indicate to some level that hope is present in their narratives. Insight seems to be an important factor constituting the basis for building personal resources, which positively correlates with an optimistic view of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past behavioral research has examined relationship infidelity as a potential outcome of focusing on attractive alternative partners when already in a relationship. The extent to which individuals find such alternatives attractive has been shown to be associated with various factors in the relationship, including self-expansion. However, no previous research has tested the role of self-expansion experimentally. This paper presents two experiments that directly manipulate self-expansion to determine the effect of self-expansion on responses to attractive alternative partners. Participants primed to experience a higher need for self-expansion had better memory for attractive alternatives with self-expanding traits dissimilar to their partner’s versus attractive alternatives with self-expanding traits similar to their partner’s. Additionally, participants primed with self-expansion (via a video of their partner discussing ways in which life with one another is exciting, novel, and challenging), had less fMRI BOLD response to attractive alternatives of the opposite sex in regions associated with perception of attractive faces (anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex) relative to when they were primed with love (via a video of their partner discussing times they felt strong feelings of love for one another), or neutral content (via a video of their partner discussing some times in which they engage in mundane, routine activities together). The magnitude of this effect in the ACC correlated with relationship closeness as measured by the inclusion of the other in the self scale.

Past behavioral research has examined relationship infidelity as a potential outcome of focusing on attractive alternative partners when already in a relationship. The extent to which individuals find such alternatives attractive has been shown to be associated with various factors in the relationship, including self-expansion. However, no previous research has tested the role of self-expansion experimentally. This paper presents two experiments that directly manipulate self-expansion to determine the effect of self-expansion on responses to attractive alternative partners. Participants primed to experience a higher need for self-expansion had better memory for attractive alternatives with self-expanding traits dissimilar to their partner's versus attractive alternatives with self-expanding traits similar to their partner's. Additionally, participants primed with self-expansion (via a video of their partner discussing ways in which life with one another is exciting, novel, and challenging), had less fMRI BOLD response to attractive alternatives of the opposite sex in regions associated with perception of attractive faces (anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex) relative to when they were primed with love (via a video of their partner discussing times they felt strong feelings of love for one another), or neutral content (via a video of their partner discussing some times in which they engage in mundane, routine activities together). The magnitude of this effect in the ACC correlated with relationship closeness as measured by the inclusion of the other in the self scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research tests how socioeconomic inequality (within romantic relationships) predicts relationship quality and observable expressions of emotion—examining longitudinal self-report and behavioral data from both partners of romantic couples. In Part 1, we examined the romantic partners' self-reports of relationship quality at baseline and after three and a half months. In keeping with prior research on how power inequality undermines relationship satisfaction, couples defined by greater socioeconomic inequality showed a decline in relationship quality over time. In Part 2, we examined observer ratings of emotional expressions in the romantic partners' conversations in the laboratory. Here, we found greater expression of negative emotion in the conversations of couples defined by greater inequality. Importantly, it was inequality itself—rather than whether one has higher or lower socioeconomic status than the partner—that significantly predicted changes in relationship quality and observable expressions of negative emotion. These findings have implications for how deepening economic inequality may manifest in the weakening of intimate bonds—the quality of which is central to the well-being of individuals and broader society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early interactions with significant individuals affect social experience throughout the course of a lifetime, as a repeated and prolonged perception of different levels of care, independence, or control influences the modulation of emotional regulatory processes. As many factors play a role in shaping the expectations and features of social interaction, in this study, we considered the influence of parental bonding and genetic allelic variation of oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism (rs53576) over levels of experienced anxiety and avoidance in 313 young adults belonging to two different cultural contexts, namely Italy and Singapore. Results highlighted a major effect of maternal characteristics, care, and overprotection, with differences between the two cultural groups. Additionally, the interaction between rs53576 and maternal overprotection suggested different environmental susceptibility in the Italian sample and the Singaporean one. Implications for clinical work and future steps are described in the Conclusion.

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the internet supply chain finance, the key to prevention and control of credit risk turns to be the whole enterprise network. In this paper, the author discussed the close relationship, credit potential difference and credit spread in enterprise network mainly by using simulation modeling. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: close relationship, credit potential difference and the interaction of them can impact credit spread and its effect in enterprise network; if there is a higher or lower close relationship, credit potential difference in enterprise network, there will be negative impact to credit spread and its effect, especially, there exists a threshold value for credit potential difference, under this value, there is almost no effect for credit spread; moderate close relationship and credit potential difference will have a better impact to credit spread and its effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research proposed the concept of dynamic relationship orientation and tested it as a mediator accounting for the relation between the within-individual variations of perceived stress and interpersonal interactions in close relationships. Communal and exchange orientation were considered to be two interaction schemas that could be dynamically activated in different relationships across different situations. Participants' daily stress and interaction with their mother and romantic partner were measured for 14 consecutive days. Results confirmed that lower activation of the communal schema on a day significantly mediated the negative association between daily perceived stress and constructive interactions in both relationships. The findings supported the important role of dynamic relationship orientation in linking situational factors with interpersonal interactions. The concept of dynamic relationship orientation provides a new theoretical framework to integrate research on contextual factors and relationship dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has shown that perceived responsiveness benefits psychological and relationship well-being. Perceived responsiveness is, at least partly, a function of how responsiveness the partner intended to be during the interaction. Relatively little is known about what factors make people intend to be more or less responsive to their partners. In two studies, we examined whether individuals' experienced emotion and underlying relationship goals were linked to their intended responsiveness. Across two studies, both experienced positive emotion and approach goals predicted higher intended responsiveness, whereas experienced negative emotions predicted lower intended responsiveness. In addition, Study 2 also showed that people with strong approach goals intended to provide more responsiveness when they experienced more positive emotions. In contrast, the negative association between experienced negative emotions and intended responsiveness was stronger for low avoidance individuals than for high avoidance individuals. Our findings highlight that experienced positive and negative emotions may provide different information relavant to an individuals' intended responsiveness depending on their relationship goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to reveal the features of family relationship, style of parental bonding and relationship with family members of convicts. The tasks of the research: 1) to analyse the relationships experienced in families of convicts and the subjectively perceived style of parental bonding in their childhood; 2) to assess the relationships of convicts (men and women) with their families; 3) to compare the attachment styles of convicts analysing different close relationships (with parents, relatives, partner or a close friend). The research was carried out in Panevėžys Correctional Facility and Lukiškės Remand Prison – Closed Prison. In total, the research involved 63 subjects, out of whom 33 were men and 30 women. The female subjects were 18–64 years old, males – 18–45 years old. The following tools were used: Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker G. et al., 1997), Familial Relationship Quality Measure (Ryan & Willits, 2007), Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR – RS; Fraley, Waller, & Brennan, 2000) and demographic questionnaire. The findings have showed that were no statistically significant differences with regard to gender were established assessing the subjectively perceived style of parental bonding, satisfaction with familial relationships and the attachment style in different close relationships. Both male and female subjects attributed the subjectively perceived upbringing style of a father to “overprotection”, that of a mother – to “care”. The attachment style of males characterised as “avoidance” is insignificantly higher than females, whereas the “anxiety” style of attachment in samples of males and females showed almost no differences. A positive relationship was established between the satisfaction with experienced familial relationships and the “caring” style of upbringing of both parents. Satisfaction with familial relationships positively correlates with the importance of communication with relatives, marital status and assessment of the current or last relationship maintained.