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This study evaluated the antiseptic effect of 0.25% chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (NM-Cl) on cat skin and compare its effect with that of 2.0% chlorhexidine digluconate (CS-Cl). NM-Cl was synthesized using the spontaneous emulsification method, and physical and chemical properties were analyzed. The antiseptic effects of NM-Cl and CS-Cl were randomly tested on the thoracic limbs of 10 healthy male cats. After a wide trichotomy of the thoracic limbs, NM-Cl was randomly applied to the trichotomy area of the right (n = 5) or left (n = 5) thoracic limbs. Then, a catheter was inserted aseptically in the cephalic vein. Subsequently, the same procedure was performed using CS-Cl on the contralateral limb. Cutaneous microbiota swab samples were obtained before antisepsis (Tpre); immediately after antisepsis (Tpost); and 4, 8, and 24 h after antisepsis. The collected samples were immediately inoculated on blood agar plates and incubated at 35 ºC ± 2 ºC in aerobiosis. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were manually counted after 24 h of inoculation. The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were performed between groups and within the same group at different sample times, respectively. The NM-Cl and CS-Cl groups showed a reduction in CFUs between Tpre and Tpost in all animals (P < 0.001). Both formulations presented an antiseptic effect 24 h of antisepsis (P < 0.05), and no difference was observed between formulations at different times (P < 0.05). With a lower concentration of chlorhexidine than CS-Cl, NM-Cl presents effective antiseptic action and prolonged residual effect in antisepsis for cat venipuncture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enquadramento: a infeção do local cirúrgico surge no local cirúrgico ou na periferia, durante os primeiros 30 dias após a cirurgia. A prevenção desta infeção exige uma preparação pré-operatória adequada. Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia do banho pré-cirúrgico com clorohexidina na preparação da pele, comparativamente com o banho pré-cirúrgico com placebo na prevenção da infeção do local cirúrgico. Metodologia: realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura partindo da questão “Qual a eficácia do banho pré-cirúrgico com Clorohexidina versus banho pré-cirúrgico com placebo na preparação pré-cirúrgica da pele para a prevenção da infeção do local cirúrgico?”. Definiram-se critérios de inclusão e exclusão, descritores, operadores boleanos e a pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE e CINAHL. Foram incluídos na revisão nove artigos. Resultados: o banho pré-cirúrgico com clorohexidina na preparação pré-cirúrgica da pele por si só, não é significativamente mais eficaz quando comparado com o banho pré-cirúrgico com placebo. A sua eficácia pode ser influenciada por múltiplos fatores que devem ser tidos em conta no desenvolvimento da infeção do local cirúrgico. Conclusão: o banho pré-cirúrgico com clorohexidina não deve ser uma intervenção isolada na prevenção da infeção do local cirúrgico, mas sim conjugada com outras intervenções, tal como recomendado nas guidelines atuais.

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Resumo Introdução O emprego de biofilmes polimicrobianos, utilizando a saliva como inóculo, é um modelo promissor para o estudo de biofilmes cariogênicos in vitro. Entretanto, ainda não existe uma padronização para seleção de doadores de saliva. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer uma metodologia para seleção de doadores de saliva utilizando fatores salivares microbianos e características in vitro do biofilme. Material e método Para doação de saliva foram selecionados vinte voluntários. Os voluntários permaneceram 24 horas sem escovar os dentes e ficaram em jejum por 2 horas antes da coleta da saliva. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: viabilidade das bactérias anaeróbias totais e mutans streptococci; concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) da clorexidina; capacidade de formação de biofilme por meio da biomassa; e a suscetibilidade dos biofilmes à clorexidina. Resultado A viabilidade bacteriana da saliva, a capacidade de formação de biofilme e a suscetibilidade do biofilme à clorexidina foram apresentadas como média e intervalo de confiança (95%). A diferença entre a viabilidade do biofilme (mutans streptococci e bactérias totais) após tratamento com NaCl 0,9% e diacetato de clorexidina 0,2% foi comparada pelo teste t de Student com nível de significância estabelecido em 5%. A viabilidade total de bactérias anaeróbias (mediana) foi de 7,28 log 1+UFC/mL (unidades formadoras de colônia/mL). A viabilidade dos mutans streptococci na saliva apresentou mediana de 5,47 log 1+UFC/mL. Para capacidade de formação de biofilme a mediana da biomassa foi de 0,1172 A570. Conclusão O tratamento com clorexidina reduziu significativamente os mutans streptococci e a viabilidade total das bactérias. A metodologia para seleção do doador de saliva foi estabelecida com sucesso.

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Resumo Objetivo Comparar o uso de toalhas impregnadas com gluconato de clorexidina 2% e gluconato de clorexidina 2% líquida no preparo pré-operatório da pele para prevenir a ocorrência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias eletivas potencialmente contaminadas. Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado, piloto paralelo, simples-cego composto por 48 pacientes submetidos a cirurgias eletivas potencialmente contaminadas que foram aleatoriamente designados para o grupo intervenção (n=25, toalhas impregnadas com gluconato de clorexidina 2%) e grupo controle (n=23, banho pré-operatório com gluconato de clorexidina líquida 2%). O desfecho primário foi infecção do sítio cirúrgico dentro de 30 dias após a cirurgia. Os pacientes foram instruídos a usar os produtos na noite anterior e na manhã da cirurgia e receberam instruções verbais e escritas sobre o uso. Foram utilizados os testes Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, teste T para duas amostras, Pearson X2 e testes exatos de Fisher, risco relativo (RR) e intervalo de confiança de 95%. O nível de significância para todas as variáveis foi estabelecido em α = 5%. Resultados Oito (16,7%) dos 48 pacientes analisados desenvolveram infecção do sítio cirúrgico. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos quanto à incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico (RR: 0,92; IC 95%: 0,25-3,25; p=0,898), contudo, não houve casos de infecção do sítio cirúrgico incisional superficial no grupo intervenção. Conclusão O uso de toalhas impregnadas com gluconato de clorexidina 2% para preparo pré-operatório da pele não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa na prevenção de infecção do sítio cirúrgico em comparação com o uso de banho pré-operatório com gluconato de clorexidina 2% líquida. Registro brasileiro de ensaios clínicos: RBR-8httxs Registrado em ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03813693

Objetivo: establecer el estado del arte de los enjuagues bucales, en relación al control químico del biofilm oral y efectos no deseados en la cavidad oral. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en las siguientes bases de datos: Pubmed, Clinical key, Dentistry & Oral Science Source, Science direct y Scopus, utilizando las palabras clave: “dental plate, chemical control, dental plate and chemical control”. Se incluirán en la revisión los artículos que tienen los enjuagues bucales como enfoque principal hoy y aquellos que pueden destacarse en el futuro. Resultados: se consiguió un total de 260 documentos. Después de seleccionar el uso de los criterios de inclusión, se utilizaron para el análisis un total de 7 documentos de texto completo. Conclusión: el desarrollo y la aplicación clínica de los antisépticos orales requieren de investigación aplicada para resolver los problemas cotidianos de los pacientes. Los enjuagues que involucran un componente natural como principio activo han demostrado, según los estudios incluidos, un buen porcentaje de inactivación de la patogenia del biofilm oral, por lo que futuros estudios deberán reorientarse en estos, allanando el camino a productos naturales que reduzcan el porcentaje de efectos adversos en la cavidad bucal.

Objective: This study aimed to review the literature on the efficiency of oral hygiene protocols that used chlorhexidine digluconate as an antimicrobial agent in patients admitted to Intensive Care Units. Methods: To research the protocols, the scientific data platforms Scientific Electronic Library Online and National Library of Medicine were analyzed, using specific descriptors in Portuguese and in English, respectively. Results: Of the 59 studies initially analyzed, 27 articles were read in full and six of these were selected for the study. The studies used chlorhexidine digluconate in different concentrations, 0.05% to 2%. The devices used for oral hygiene varied between toothbrushes, cotton swabs, and gauze. The frequency varied, being performed two or three times a day. Conclusion: Due to the heterogeneity of oral hygiene protocols using chlorhexidine digluconate in Intesive Care Units, presented in the literature, it was not possible to compare them in relation to their efficiency in ventilator-associated pneumonia reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Família, Ciclos de Vida e Saúde no Contexto Social (REFACS) is the property of Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro, Instituto de Ciencias da Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of RGO: Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia is the property of RGO: Revista Gaucha de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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O SARS-CoV-2 e a pandemia da COVID-19 destacaram os riscos biológicos aos quais a equipe odontológica está exposta bem como a necessidade da adoção de medidas de biossegurança para diminuir a possibilidade de contaminação no ambiente odontológico. Uma das recomendações para reduzir o risco de transmissão viral é o uso de antissépticos bucais pelos pacientes antes dos atendimentos odontológicos. Esta revisão de literatura tem o objetivo de analisar as informações disponíveis a respeito do uso dos antissépticos bucais na Odontologia e a possível atividade dessas soluções contra o novo coronavírus. Para esta revisão integrativa foram selecionadas publicações científicas nas bases de dados eletrônicas Science Direct, Google Acadêmico, Scielo e PubMed, que abrangessem os temas SARS-CoV-2 e antissépticos bucais recomendados para bochecho pré-procedimento. Os resultados da revisão evidenciam que os antissépticos bucais são empregados na Odontologia para reduzir a quantidade de microrganismos, tratamento de doenças gengivais e periodontais, controle de placa bacteriana e profilaxia contra infecções. Ainda não há estudos clínicos que comprovem eficácia de enxaguantes bucais pré-procedimento na redução da carga viral ou prevenção de transmissão do SARS-CoV-2. No entanto, a realização de bochechos pré-procedimentos odontológicos é recomendada por organizações e associações de referência em saúde. Em vista disso, se faz necessária a realização de estudos clínicos randomizados que comprovem a efetividade do uso dos antissépticos bucais contra o SARS-CoV-2.

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Copyright of Dental Press Endodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Enquadramento: O controlo do biofilme oral com anti-sépticos deve ser adequado aos protocolos elaborados para os doentes na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da solução de clorexidina 0,12% na redução de microrganismos na saliva de doentes de UTI. Metodologia: Estudo coorte com 45 voluntários divididos em: Clínica Médica (controlo, auto higiene oral), UTI não-entubado e UTI entubado. A higiene oral na UTI foi realizada com clorexidina. A análise microbiológica foi realizada com a contagem de microrganismos na saliva. A análise dos dados foi feita com ANOVA. Resultados: Houve uma redução dos microrganismos após higiene oral. O controlo apresentou diferença significativa com UTI entubado nos períodos imediato e após 30 min. Doentes entubados apresentaram redução dos microrganismos até 12 horas após higiene com clorexidina. Conclusão: A higiene com clorexidina reduz em até 12 horas os microrganismos bucais de doentes entubados. Estes resultados podem contribuir para elaboração de protocolos de higiene oral em UTI, além de sustentar estratégias como redução nos custos e efeitos colaterais associados à clorexidina.

Introdução: O Cateter Venoso Central (CVC) é amplamente utilizado, principalmente, em pacientes críticos e é por meio deste dispositivo que é ofertado diversos componentes, os quais são fundamentalmente necessários para manutenção e homeostase do organismo. Objetivo: Analisar através da literatura científica a efetividade do curativo impregnado de clorexidina para redução da infecção relacionada a cateter venoso central. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo tipo revisão integrativa. Utilizou-se publicações científicas, com recorte temporal de 2007 a 2017. Para a análise descritiva dos resultados, foram preenchidos gráficos e quadros, elaborados por meio do programa Microsoft Office Excel versão 2010. Resultados: Dos artigos incluídos, 57,14% (quatro) foram publicados na base de dados MedLine. Os anos que apresentaram maior prevalência de publicações foram os anos de 2012, 2014 e 2015 com percentual igualmente distribuído. No que se referi aos objetivos dos estudos grande parte abordaram a eficácia do antisséptico clorexidina na redução de microorganismos. Conclusão: Portando, o presente estudo teve como objetivo central, analisar a importância da clorexidina na prevenção das infecções primária da corrente sanguínea associadas a um dispositivo. Desta forma, os estudos analisados demostram uma potencial relação entre o antimicrobiano e a efetiva redução do potencial de desenvolvimento de infecções relacionadas ao CVC.

Resumo Introdução Tratamentos têm sido propostos para a peri-implantite com o objetivo de descontaminar a superfície dos implantes, removendo microrganismos que podem estar associados à doença. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ação in vitro de diferentes métodos de aplicação de digluconato de clorexidina (CLX) na descontaminação de discos de titânio (Ti) com microtopografia e seu efeito físico-químico sobre a superfície. Material e método Vinte discos de Ti foram expostos a inóculo de Escherichia coli por 24 horas. Foram distribuídos em quatro grupos de descontaminação (n=5): 1 - um minuto de exposição à solução de CLX 0,12%; 2 - dois minutos de exposição à solução de CLX 0,12%; 3 - esfregaço durante um minuto com gel de CLX 1%; 4 - esfregaço durante um minuto com gel de CLX 2%. O produto de cada disco foi diluído e plaqueado individualmente. Após 24 horas, realizou-se contagem das unidades de colônias formadas (UFC). Resultado O grupo com o menor número de crescimento de UFC foi o grupo 4 (0,20±0,37), com apenas UFC em uma das amostras. Seguido do grupo 2 (0,40±0,73), grupo 1 (18,60±33,96). O grupo 3 apresentou as maiores quantidades de UFC (36,07±41,39). Em todas as amostras, foi possível observar uma diminuição estatisticamente significante da concentração superficial de Ti, assim como um aumento de Oxigênio. Conclusão Pode-se concluir que o uso de CLX gel a 2% em superfícies de Ti com microtopografia contaminadas com E. coli propicia a eliminação das UFC e que sua aplicação resulta em diminuição do percentual de Ti e aumento do teor de O.

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Background: The control of oral biofilm with antiseptics should follow the protocols designed for patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Objective: To assess the effects of using 0.12% chlorhexidine solution in reducing the number of microorganisms in the saliva of ICU patients. Methodology: Cohort study with 45 volunteers divided into Medical Clinic (control group, oral self-care), non-intubated ICU, and intubated ICU. Oral hygiene in the ICU was performed with chlorhexidine. Microbiological analysis was performed through salivary bacterial count. Data were analyzed using ANOVA Results: The number of microorganisms decreased after oral hygiene. A significant difference was found between the control and the ICU intubated groups in the immediate period and after 30 minutes. The number of microorganisms in intubated patients decreased 12 hours after oral hygiene with chlorhexidine. Conclusion: The number of oral microorganisms decreases in intubated patients 12 hours after oral hygiene with chlorhexidine. These results may contribute to elaborating oral hygiene protocols for ICUs and planning strategies, for example, to reduce the costs and the side effects associated with chlorhexidine use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO As infecções do trato urinário relacionadas ao cateterismo urinário de demora estão entre as mais frequentes em hospitais. Existem várias recomendações para a prevenção de infecções, porém ainda se questiona a necessidade de utilizar antissépticos para a limpeza periuretral. Objetivo: este estudo objetivou analisar as evidências, na literatura, acerca do tema. Método: foi realizada revisão sistemática utilizando-se as bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Medline, Embase, Web of Science e Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos que avaliaram as taxas de infecção do trato urinário/bacteriúria e que utilizaram soluções antissépticas e água na limpeza periuretral. Resultados: de 211 estudos, três foram considerados metodologicamente adequados de acordo com a Escala de Jadad. Todos os estudos mostraram que não há diferenças significativas nas taxas de ITU/ bacteriúria quando comparado o uso de água com antisséptico (clorexidina ou povidona-iodo). Conclusão: concluiu-se que o uso de água na limpeza periuretral parece não aumentar o risco de adquirir infecção/bacteriúria.

Abstract Introduction Salivary components can be used as biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring oral diseases. There is evidence that one potential biomarker, arginase, is associated with the inflammatory processes of periodontal disease, and its enzymatic activity is reduced according to the improvement in the clinical parameters after treatment. Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the salivary arginase activity in gingivitis and periodontitis patients treated with full-mouth mechanical procedures combined with the adjunctive use of essential oils or chlorhexidine mouthwash, respectively. Material and method Twenty-six gingivitis and 16 periodontitis patients received complete periodontal examinations at the baseline and 3 months after therapy, in which the periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment loss, plaque index, and gingival index measurements were taken. At these same appointments, the salivary total protein level and salivary arginase activity were also established via spectrophotometry. Result There were improvements in all of the clinical parameters (p < 0.05) evaluated from the baseline to 3 months in both groups. In addition, the salivary arginase activity and total protein levels were reduced after the gingivitis treatment. Conclusion Similar to the clinical results, both therapeutic protocols positively affected the salivary arginase activity; however, further studies are necessary to clarify its potential as a salivary biomarker for periodontal monitoring.

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Copyright of SCENARIO: Official Italian Journal of ANIARTI is the property of ANIARTI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo Introdução A evolução dos sistemas adesivos permitiu que os fabricantes desenvolvessem materiais com técnicas cada vez mais simplificadas, porém que, ainda assim, promovessem adequados valores de resistência de união imediata. Sugere-se que alguns tratamentos da superfície dentinária podem favorecer esse processo de adesão. Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos de diferentes tratamentos, em superfície dentinária plana condicionada, sobre a resistência de união à microtração de sistemas adesivos do tipo “condiciona-e-lava” de dois passos. Material e método Noventa e seis terceiros molares humanos foram divididos em 12 grupos (n=8), aleatoriamente, de acordo com o sistema adesivo utilizado (GI: Adper Single Bond 2 - 3M ESPE; GII: Prime & Bond 2.1 - Dentsply; GIII: Excite - Ivoclar Vivadent) e o tipo de tratamento do substrato dentinário condicionado (a: água; b: clorexidina + água; c: etanol; d: clorexidina + etanol). Todos os dentes foram restaurados com resina Charisma na cor A2 (Heraeus - Kulzer, Germany) e submetidos a ensaio mecânico de microtração (EMIC DL-2000). O teste estatístico realizado foi ANOVA a um fator, completado com teste de Tukey. Resultado Os grupos GIIc, GIIIc e GIId apresentaram aumento significativo estatisticamente na resistência de união à microtração imediata. Conclusão Os diferentes tratamentos da dentina condicionada não afetaram de maneira negativa a resistência de união para todos os sistemas adesivos testados e a utilização da técnica com etanol, associado ou não à clorexidina, parece ser uma interessante abordagem quando associada a sistemas adesivos “condiciona-e-lava” de dois passos.

Abstract Introduction Self-adhesive resin cements do not require prior preparation of the tooth surface, therefore dentin pretreatments may influence long-term bond strength. Objective To evaluate the influence of 100% ethanol (ET) and 2% chlorhexidine (CL) treatment of intraradicular dentin on the long-term bond strength (BS) of a self-adhesive resin cement (SRC). Material and method 80 bovine roots were restored with fiber posts and SRC (U200 3M/ESPE) and distributed into 4 groups according to dentin treatment: Group 1 – without treatment; Group 2 – 2% CL for 1 minute; Group 3 – 100% ET for 1 minute; Group 4 – 2% CL, followed by 100% ET. The samples were cross-sectioned to obtain two sections (0.7 mm) thick for each root third: coronal, middle and apical. The immediate push-out test was carried out after 48 hours, and the long-term push-out test, after 180 days. Result The three-way ANOVA test for randomized blocks showed no difference between the BS values at 48 hours and 80 days, irrespective of the treatment and the third (p>0.05). The interaction of the treatment/third pairing was significant (p = 0.041) since the treatment with CL promoted lower BS in the coronal third, while treatment with ET promoted better BS in the apical third. Conclusion Treatment with CL and ET, separately or combined, promoted no differences between the BS values of the SRC to root dentin over time.

The adhesion of the composite resin to the dentin occurs by the formation of the hybrid layer. Thus, its degradation causes loss of union resistance on interface resin / dentin interface, directly influencing the longevity of the restoration. After the acid etching and the application of the adhesive system into demineralized dentin, collagen fibers not involved by adhesive system get unprotected and susceptibles to attack by metalloproteinases (MMPs). The enzymes, present in the dentin itself, are rehabilitated by phosphoric acid or by the acids monomers of the self-etching adhesives initiating degradation. The application of chlorhexidine (CHX) in the dentin, after acid conditioning, prevents or slows down the degradation of the collagen fibers of the hybrid layer. This literature review sought to clarify the effect of MMPs on the degradation of the hybrid layer and the effects of chlorhexidine on the adhesion process. It was concluded that the adhesive bonding to dentin decreases with the passage of years due in part to the action of MMPs, which degrade collagen not infiltrated by adhesive monomers in the deepest part of the hybrid layer. In addition, the use of chlorhexidine as a therapeutic inhibitor in conventional adhesive systems is capable of inhibiting the MMPs and thus the adhesive bonding to the dentin can be kept stable for a longer period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The control of dental plaque by chemical means can be a valuable auxiliary resource for individuals who have difficulties in performing dental plaque control through regular oral hygiene procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine and fluorine varnishes on the levels of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) present in the dental biofilm and on the dental plaque index. The study was carried out in a sample comprised thirty-nine schoolchildren between 13 and 15 years of age, distributed into 2 groups. Group I received a single layer of varnish with chlorhexidine and thymol on the maxillary right first molar. Group II received the application of varnish with fluoride following the same methodology. S. mutans count and dental plaque index recording were performed 7 days before the application and 7, 15 and 30 days after the treatment. It was observed that chlorhexidine and fluoride varnishes significantly reduced the number of S. mutans in dental plaque for 30 days (p<0.05). There was no difference between the varnishes. With regard to the dental plaque index, there was no alteration in any of the experimental time periods for both groups. It was concluded that varnishes, mainly those that contain fluoride, can be an interesting alternative for the prevention of dental caries in collective oral health programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermagem Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dental Press Endodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: this study investigated the antimicrobial prophylactic potential of mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine and essential oils in its formulation. Method: twenty adult patients were submitted to various treatments at the integrated clinic of UNIVALI dentistry course were selected randomly. They were divided into two groups (Group A submitted to prophylaxis with Periogard® and group B with Listerine®). In both groups, control samples were taken from the inside of the right cheek and subsequently submitted to the prophylaxis with 15 ml of the mouthwash to its corresponding group for a period of 1 minute. After 5 minutes, a new sample was collected from the left cheek, making up 3 smears with sterile swab. The samples were placed in screw-tube with sterile saline and sent to the microbiology laboratory of the Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS-UNIVALI). For analysis the samples were shaken on a vortex for 2 minutes and then the solutions were seeded in duplicate on plates with medium Mueller Hinton Agar (Oxoid) culture to bacterial cell count. Discussion: The results showed that the mouthwashes Listerine® and Periogard® presented efficiency of 80,9% and 95,9% of bacteria, respectively. Both analyzed mouthwashes decreased the initial bacterial percentage. Conclusion: comparing the results, it was concluded that the mouthwashes containing 0.12% chlorhexidine in their formulation were more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dental Press Endodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ceramica is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Ceramica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to identify evidences in the scientific literature if mechanical or chemical oral hygiene can prevent aspiration pneumonia in hospitalized patients. Material and Methods: it were included clinical studies indexed in Pubmed, Lilacs and Scielo databases from 2008 to 2017, following pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. According to the quality of the evidence, three studies were evaluated as I, six as II and three as III. Regarding the treatment used, clinical researches investigating the effectiveness of different antimicrobial solutions for oral hygiene in order to reduce aspiration pneumonia in hospitalized patients. Different chlorhexidine concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.12%, 0.2%, 2%) were used, as well as other substances for mouthwash. Conclusion: the lack of high quality studies undermines the confidence on the effectiveness of antimicrobial solutions regarding the reduction of aspiration pneumonia. However, those studies with good methodology suggested the reduction of pneumonia by oral hygiene.

Introdução: A quimioterapia é uma das formas de tratar o câncer, na qual utilizam-se drogas como o 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), maior causador da mucosite oral. Essa complicação é a causa mais comum de dor. Objetivo: Avaliar o grau de mucosite oral durante os dez dias após cada ciclo de quimioterapia, segundo a autopercepção de cada paciente e o nível de dor relatada com o uso das duas substâncias estudo: chá de malva e clorexidina 0,12%. Método: Os pacientes foram randomizados por sorteio para a realização de bochechos com 10 ml da substância determinada, três vezes ao dia, durante o período de infusão da quimioterapia. Em cada ciclo, utilizou-se uma das substâncias. Durante os dez dias após a quimioterapia, os pacientes responderam a um questionário com perguntas fechadas sobre a sua dor e a autopercepção da sua mucosa oral. Resultados: Nos ciclos utilizando o chá de malva, a autopercepção do paciente pareceu ser melhor, com sua mucosite oral sendo de graus 1 e 2. Contudo, nos ciclos utilizando clorexidina 0,12%, os pacientes apresentaram menos dor. Conclusão: Tanto nos ciclos em que foi utilizado a clorexidina 0,12% quanto naqueles onde foi utilizado o chá de malva, a maioria dos pacientes referiu apresentar mucosite oral. Porém, quando utilizado o chá de malva, a frequência de mucosite foi em menores graus. A clorexidina 0,12% pareceu apresentar menos sintomatologia dolorosa, apesar da diferença, comparando as duas substâncias, ter sido pequena.

Objetivo. Identificar evidências na literatura sobre os efeitos adversos da clorexidina 0,12% a nível oral. Método. Foi realizada uma busca na base de dados BIREME em setembro de 2014, através das palavras chaves clorexidina AND efeitos AND adversos AND oral. Foram incluídos os artigos nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, sem limite de tempo e aqueles que estavam disponíveis para acesso gratuito. Foram excluídos os artigos repetidos e aqueles que não se tratavam sobre efeitos adversos do gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%. Resultados. Foram encontrados 81 artigos. A busca foi ampliada para seis artigos constantes nas referências dos artigos captados, por apresentarem os efeitos adversos de clorexidina. Primeiramente, os estudos foram analisados pelo título e pelo resumo, destes, foram excluídos 75 artigos, sendo 68 por se tratarem sobre os benefícios alcançados pela clorexidina, 6 por não estarem disponíveis gratuitamente e 1 por estar repetido. Conclusão. Observou-se que este enxaguatório apresenta alguns efeitos adversos, tais como: alteração na coloração nos elementos dentários, restaurações, próteses e língua, formação de cálculo supragengival, perda do paladar, queimaduras no tecido mole, dor, xerostomia, e gosto residual desagradável na boca. Tais alterações podem ser controladas e prevenidas, através do uso adequado, a fim de evitar o comprometimento sistêmico do organismo.

Introduction: Fixed orthodontic appliances patients suffer limitations on the effective control of biofilm by mechanical methods, bringing the need of a coadjutant in the control of inflammation and oral health improvement.Objective: The aim of this prospective split-mouth blind study was to analyze the effect of a 40% chlorhexidine (CHX) varnish on gingival growth of patients with orthodontic fixed appliances. Methods: Healthy teenage patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and increased gingival volume were recruited (n = 30). Each individual was his own control, having in the maxilla one control side and one treatment side. An application of varnishes occurred on the vestibular area of the upper premolars and first molar crowns, on the control side (placebo varnish) and on the experimental side (EC40(r) Biodentic CHX varnish). The varnishes and sides were randomly chosen and its identification and group was kept by a third party observer and it was not revealed to the researchers and participants until the end of study. In order to establish a baseline registration, digital photographs were taken by a trained photographer before varnish application at baseline (T0), as well as 14 days (T14) and 56 days (T56) after the application. The gingival volume was calculated indirectly using the vestibular areas (mm2) of the upper second premolars' clinical crowns by RapidSketch(r) software, at all study times. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Turkey-Krammer test.Results:It was observed, in the final sample of 30 individuals, that at T0, the control and treatment groups were similar. At T14 and T56, a progressive reduction of the clinical crown area was seen in the control group, and an increase in the average area was detected in the experimental group (p < 0,05).Conclusions: The use of 40% CHX varnish decreases the gingival overgrowth in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Further studies are necessary to set the action time and frequency of application.

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) is a gold standard drug in dentistry and is widely used as a reference in both in vitro and in vivoexperiments. Due to ease of access, mouth washes containing CHX 0.12% are used as a substitute for aqueous CHX 0.12% solution in laboratory experiments. Additionally, it is well known that for product flavor purposes, volatile compounds are added to mouth washes formulations. Volatiles added to CHX 0.12% may improve wash's antibacterial ability. Volatiles add potency to the mouth wash formulation. Compared with an aqueous CHX 0.12% solution, it is proposed that CHX solutions and Periogard® would have antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity was assessed in the present study via disk diffusion assays against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinisand Escherichia coli. Periogard® showed a significantly higher antibacterial activity in relation to CHX 0.12% (p0.05). Periogard(r) volatiles were analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS) and the presence of antibacterial menthol, menthone, isomenthol, menthyl acetate, trans-anethol and eugenol was verified. Finally, the use of Periogard® as a synonym of CHX 0.12% must be avoided, because its antibacterial activity is closely related to CHX 1%.

Objetivou-se realizar teste piloto do ensaio clinico randomizado: avaliação da efetividade do curativo impregnadocom clorexidina para cobertura de cateter venoso central. A pesquisa clinica foi desenvolvida nos centros de terapia intensivae semi-intensiva adulto de um hospital universitário da cidade de Curitiba-PR. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre outubroe novembro de 2011. Os pacientes incluídos foram randomizados para dois grupos: curativo transparente de poliuretano(controle) e curativo antimicrobiano de clorexidina (intervenção). Foram pesquisados oito pacientes. Houve um caso de infecçãoda corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter e um caso de colonização do cateter, ambos no grupo controle. O curativotransparente necessita de troca antecipada em relação ao tempo estipulado devido à má fixação e ao acúmulo de exsudatosob a película, expondo o paciente a maior risco de colonização e de infecção da corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter. ABSTRACT This randomized pilot clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine-impregnated dressingscovering central venous catheters. Data was collected between October and November 2011 at the adult intensive and semiintensivecare units of a university hospital in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. The eight patients included in the trial were randomizedinto two groups: transparent polyurethane film dressing (control) and chlorhexidine-impregnated dressing. There was one case ofblood stream infection associated with the catheter and one of catheter colonization, both in the control group. The transparentpolyurethane film needs to be changed earlier than specified, due to poor fixation and the accumulation of exudate under thefilm, which can expose patients to greater risk of colonization and infection of the blood stream associated with the catheter. RESUMEN Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo realizar prueba piloto del ensayo clínico aleatorizado: evaluación de la efectividaddel curativo impregnado en clorhexidina para cobertura de catéter venoso central. La investigación clínica se desarrolló enlos centros de terapia intensiva y semi-intensiva adulto de un hospital universitario en Curitiba-PR-Brasil. La recogida de datosocurrió entre octubre y noviembre de 2011. Los pacientes incluidos fueron aleatorizados parados grupos: curativo transparentede poliuretano (control) y curativo antimicrobiano de clorhexidina (intervención). Fueron investigados ocho pacientes. Huboun caso de infección de la corriente sanguínea asociada al catéter y un caso de colonización del catéter, ambos en el grupode control. El curativo transparente necesita de cambio anticipado con relación al tiempo estipulado debido a la mala fijacióny a la acumulación del exudado bajo la película, exponiendo el paciente a mayor riesgo de colonización y de infección dela corriente sanguínea asociada al catéter. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2014.5547

The Enterococcus faecalis are microorganisms frequently found in persistent endodontic infections and are probably the best species to adapt to and tolerate the poor ecological conditions in root canal obturation. In order to show which characteristics make E. faecalis so resistant and to verify its susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents, a broad literature review of the literature was performed aiming to analyze the performance of the intracanal medication on this etiologic agent. The search was based on access to the Pubmed and Bireme databases. Fifty manuscripts met the inclusion criteria and were used in this review. The results showed that E. feacalis a rapid recovery from nutritional deprivation and environmental stress, has strong factors of viirulence and is located in places difficult to reach the endodontist. When submitted to different intracanal medicinal products, E. faecalis had a higher susceptibility to those containing chlorhexidine. However, this bacterium still presents a high level of complexity in its elimination and a potential risk to endodontic failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)