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The nymph ofCloeodes dantasp. nov. is described from male and female nymphs collected from highland streams in the Caribbean Slope of the Costa Rica Central Volcanic Mountain Range. Adults are unknown. In addition,C. excogitatusandC. redactusare recorded for the first time in the country.Cloeodes dantasp. nov.can be differentiated from all described species by the predominantly brownish coloration on females and a similar coloration on males but with segments VII–IX light yellow and light brown, with no conspicuous marks or patterns; abundant scale-bases throughout most parts of the body; hindwings pads absent; the presence of three spines in the corners of the posterior margin of sternum III, and the posterior margin of tergum III with 28–30 spines on each side of the middle line (spine with a base width up to 0.5× spine length).

Baetidae is one of the most abundant and diverse families in the insect order Ephemeroptera. Among the baetid species distributed in Colombia (38 species and 9 genera), five are known to occur in the basin of La Vieja river, Alto Cauca (Andesiops peruvianus, Camelobaetidius edmunsi, Mayobaetis ellenae, Nanomis gallera, and Prebaetodes sitesi). Here, we estimate the species richness of Baetidae in La Vieja river based on specimens deposited in local museums. We examined 7226 baetid nymphs from 23 species in 11 genera collected in the La Vieja river. We found Baetodes and Camelobaetidius to be the richest genera (10 and three species, respectively), with Baetodes awa and Camelobaetidius edmunsi being the most abundant species in the river (3 563 and 1282 individuals respectively). Here we present new registries for two genera (Cloeodes and Varipes) and eight species (Baetodes awa, Baetodes diasae, Baetodes pseudospinae, Camelobaetidius mathuriae, Camelobaetidius patricki, Nanomis rasmusseni, Prebaetodes meridinensis, and Zelusia principalis) in La Vieja river. Our richness estimates indicates that La Vieja river harbors around 61% of the baetid species described in Colombia (23 of the 38 species).

A.4. Cloeodes inferior Kluge, 1991 Figures 3, 23. Cloeodes inferior Kluge 1991:133 (male and female imagos, nymph). Holotype. Male imago, Province Guantánamo, Río Duaba (Baracoa), 15-III-1989, N. Kluge. The species was described from specimens collected in Río Duaba (Baracoa, Guantánamo Prov.) and Río Baconao (Santiago de Cuba Prov.) in the Eastern Region and from Sierra de Trinidad, Sancti Spíritus, in the Central Region (Kluge 1991). The abdominal terga are generally pale in color with a dark, contrasting median macula on the anterior margins, and the gills are more elongated than those of C. superior. In male imagos, there is a pronounced median keel between the basal segments of the forceps. Ecology. Nymphs of C. inferior are found in submerged vegetation in areas of low flow in rivers with clean, well-oxygenated water (Kluge 1991, Cañizares 1998). Previously the species was reported at lower elevations of the Sierra Maestra (Naranjo 1986, Kluge 1991). More recently it has been collected at elevations up to 1750 m, although more frequently encountered below 500 m (Cañizares 1998, Aldana and Fonseca 2001). Geographic distribution. This species has been collected in all four geographic regions of the country (Kluge 1991, Cañizares 1998, Aldana and Fonseca 2001) (Fig. 3) and the Dominican Republic (Naranjo and Peters 2016)., Published as part of L, Carlos Naranjo, Peters, Janice G., del, Pedro López & Castillo, 2019, Ephemeroptera (Insecta) in Cuba, pp. 1-52 in Insecta Mundi 2019 (736) on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5170691, {"references":["Kluge, N. 1991. Efimeras cubanas de la familia Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) I: Generos Callibaetis, Cloeodes y Paracloeodes. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 12: 128 - 135. (In Russian).","Canizares, M. 1998. El orden Ephemeroptera en Cuba. Tesis de Grado, Universidad de Oriente; Santiago de Cuba. 42 p.","Naranjo, C. 1986. Analisis ecologofaunistico de los insectos anfibioticos del Parque Nacional Sierra Maestra. Autorreferat Doctoral. Leningrad State University; Leningrad, USSR. 18 p. (In Russian).","Aldana, M., and L. Fonseca. 2001. Caracterizacion ecologica de la macrofauna del rio Mayari. Tesis de Grado, Universidad de Oriente; Santiago de Cuba. 76 p.","Naranjo, C., and J. G. Peters. 2016. New records of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) for Jamaica and the Dominican Republic. p. 83 - 91. In: M. Yoshimura and Y. Takemon (eds.). International Progress in Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera Research. Biology of Inland Waters, Supplement No. 3. 171 p."]}

A.3. Cloeodes superior Kluge, 1991 Figures 3, 22. Cloeodes superior Kluge 1991:130 (male and female imagos, nymph). Holotype. Male imago, Province Santiago de Cuba, La Alcarraza (Guamá), 4-II-1989, N. Kluge. The species was described from specimens collected in La Alcarraza, Arroyo Paco and La Idalia (Guamá), Santiago de Cuba. Nymphs of Cloeodes have no denticles on the claws, the gills are simple and tapered with smooth margins, and rows of fine hyaline setae are found on the basal outer margins of tibiae and tarsi. The first abdominal sternum is smooth and the second to sixth sterna have transverse rows of small setae. Nymphs of C. superior can be distinguished from C. inferior by shorter gills and generally dark abdominal terga which usually lack the darker anteromedian markings on each tergum characteristic of C. inferior. In adult males of C. inferior, there is no keel between the basal segments of the forceps. Ecology. Nymphs are encountered in submerged vegetation in cool, clear waters at a depth between 30 and 50 cm. Kluge (1991) named this species C. superior because he found it only at higher altitudes; it has now been collected over a wide range of altitudes but usually above 500 m (Cañizares 1998, López et al. 2004). Geographic distribution. The distribution of this species in Cuba (Fig. 3) is restricted to the mountain ranges of Sierra Maestra and Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa in the Eastern Region and the Guamuhaya Mountains of the Central Region (Cañizares 1998, López et al. 2006). It is also recorded from the Dominican Republic (Naranjo and Peters 2016)., Published as part of L, Carlos Naranjo, Peters, Janice G., del, Pedro López & Castillo, 2019, Ephemeroptera (Insecta) in Cuba, pp. 1-52 in Insecta Mundi 2019 (736) on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5170691, {"references":["Kluge, N. 1991. Efimeras cubanas de la familia Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) I: Generos Callibaetis, Cloeodes y Paracloeodes. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 12: 128 - 135. (In Russian).","Canizares, M. 1998. El orden Ephemeroptera en Cuba. Tesis de Grado, Universidad de Oriente; Santiago de Cuba. 42 p.","Lopez, P., C. Naranjo, J. Fernandez, D. Gonzalez-Lazo, A. Trapero, and J. Perez. 2004. Insectos acuaticos del Parque Nacional \" La Bayamesa \", Cuba. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 35: 225 - 231.","Lopez, P., D. Gonzalez-Lazo, and C. Naranjo. 2006. Lista de insectos acuaticos de la reserva ecologica \" Alturas de Banao \", Cuba. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 38: 201 - 204.","Naranjo, C., and J. G. Peters. 2016. New records of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) for Jamaica and the Dominican Republic. p. 83 - 91. In: M. Yoshimura and Y. Takemon (eds.). International Progress in Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera Research. Biology of Inland Waters, Supplement No. 3. 171 p."]}

Cloeodes vibratorius sp. n. (Figs 1���43, 145) Etymology. The adjective vibratorius refers to the unusual respiratory movements of larva. Material examined. Holotype: L-S-I ♂ {specimen [XLII](27)2013}, PERU, Region Junin, Satipo Province, Puerto Prado, Rio Meritori, 11��09'S, 74��16'W, 15.IX.2013, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko. Paratypes: the same locality, 4 L-S-I ♂, 2 L-S ♂, 4 L-S-I ♀, 2 L-S ♀, 6 larvae. Descriptions. Larva. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Frons between ocelli more or less colored with brown; remainder head from colorless to brown. Pronotum of immature larva colorless with posterior margin bordered by dark brown (Fig. 4), before molt cuticle of pronotum gets characteristic brown coloration (Figs 3, 5). Mesonotum in immature larva colorless with small brown markings; before molt cuticle of mesonotum becomes brown with extensive darker brown maculation; cuticle of fore protopteron become brown with lighter stripes along veins (Figs 5). Metanotum with posterior margin bordered by brown (Figs 1, 2, 4); before molt cuticle of mesonotum becomes entirely brown (Fig. 3). Pleurite of prothorax and episterna of mesothorax and metathorax with brown markings (Fig. 2); before molt their cuticle become entirely brown; remainder thoracic pleura and sterna always colorless. On all legs femur colorless with longitudinal brown maculae at middle; tibia colorless with diffusive spot(s) proximad or/and distad of patella-tibial suture; tarsus and claw brown (Figs 21���23). Abdominal terga light brown, partly colorless, with following dark brown markings (Figs 1���4): terga I���VII with posterior margin narrowly bordered by dark brown; tergum II with brown transverse stripe adjacent to anterior margin and pair of oblique submedian stripes arising from this transverse stripe and diverging posteriorly; tergum III with brown markings lighter, or smaller, or absent; tergum IV with brown markings less expressed or absent; terga V and VI with intensive markings similar to tergum II, sometimes entirely darkened; tergum VII with markings less expressed; terga VIII and IX without large markings, tergum X with brown posterior part. Abdominal sterna colorless, with brown markings on some posterior segments; paraprocts brown (Fig. 19). Caudalii with diffusive, but intensive coloration: proximal part dark, middle part light, apex dark (Figs 1���4). HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Pair of dark brown maculae on abdominal tergum I and sometimes small maculae on some other abdominal terga (as in imago���Fig. 30). SHAPE AND SETATION. Frontal suture pointed, rectangular; face relatively long; in female larva eyes brought together (Fig. 6). Labrum widest at base, with pair of submedian long setae and 2 pairs of sublateral long setae (Fig. 12). Prostheca of left mandible with 3 blunt processes and 3 pointed processes; median margin of left mandible proximad of prostheca straight or slightly convex, smooth (Fig. 9). Prostheca of right mandible directed medially-proximally, bifurcate, with longest branch directed proximally; median margin of right mandible proximad of prostheca straight or slightly convex, smooth or with serration, without seta-like processes (Figs 10, 11). Stipes of maxilla proximally with 4���6 setae on ventro-medial side. Maxillary canines and distal dentiseta stout; distal dentiseta widened, with apex somewhat hooked toward canines (Fig. 8). Maxillary palp about as long as maxilla, 2-segmented (Fig. 7). Labium with glossae and paraglossae subequal, both narrowed apically (Fig. 14). Glossa with 6���8 setae in dorso-lateral row; ventrally with irregularly arranged setae in proximal part and 5���10 setae forming ventro-median row. Paraglossa with latero-apical setae forming one regular row and few (2���4) setae just dorsad of it; with 7���10 setae in ventro-median row; with 3���4 setae in dorso-median row. Distal segment of labial palp not widened apically, with median margin subequal to lateral margin (Fig. 13). All thoracic terga without protuberances. Metanotum without vestiges of hind protoptera (Fig. 22). Fore legs longest, middle legs shorter and hind legs shortest; on fore leg tarsus much longer than tibia, on middle and hind legs tarsus subequal to tibia; claws not elongated, much less than half of tarsal length (Tables 2, 3; Figs 21���23). Femur parallel-sided, with outer margin straight and inner margin slightly convex; apical projection equally short on femora of all leg pairs (Fig. 16). Outer side of femur with row of 3���6 small spatulate setae; apical projection with 2 such setae (Fig. 16). Inner and dorsal side of femur with few stout setae, which are several times smaller than setae on dorsal side. Patella-tibial suture and proximal arc of long setae with contiguous sockets equally developed on tibiae of all leg pairs (Fig. 16). Inner margin of tibia with irregular small stout pointed setae, apically with 2 larger setae; outer-apical seta blunt, reaching apex of tibia (Fig. 16). Dorsal side of each tarsus with long fine setae situated irregularly and partly forming two longitudinal rows (Fig. 17). Claw shorter than 1/2 of tarsus length (Figs 21���23). Scales on abdominal terga and sterna numerous, short, semicircular, colorless and delicate. Posterior margin of abdominal tergum I smooth, without denticles; posterior margins of terga II���X with regular long pointed brown denticles; on tergum IX, portion of posterior margin behind pair of submedian setae, lacks denticles and projected backward (Fig. 18). Posterior margins of abdominal sterna I���III smooth; posterior margins of sterna IV���VIII with regular pointed denticles, shorter and lighter than denticles on terga (Fig. 19). Each sternum II���VI with pair of regular transverse arched rows of long, fine, simple (not furcate) setae with closely contiguous sockets (Fig. 20). Tergalii wide; tergalius I relatively short and wide, widest at proximal half, with costal margin nearly straight and anal margin sharply convex; tergalii II���IV also widest at proximal half (Figs 37���43). All tergalii with ribs only on proximal parts of costal and anal margins, without middle rib. Margins bearing costal and anal ribs smooth (not serrated); margins free of ribs slightly notched, with small seta in each notch. Paraprocts with anterior median apodeme long, thickened and pigmented; each paraproct with 7���8 long pointed denticles on posterior margin, with dense scales as on sterna and terga (Figs 15, 19). Caudalii with especially long and dense swimming setae; each swimming seta gradually changes from long dark proximal part to short colorless delicate apical part. Ventral and dorsal side of paracercus and lateral sides of cerci in middle part with one or several long pointed denticles on each 2nd segment. DEVELOPING MALE GENITALS. In last larval instar, developing subimaginal gonostyli folded under larval cuticle in �� Nigrobaetis -type�� pose, with 2nd segment bent by convexity medially, and 3rd segment directed caudally (Fig. 33). RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS. Larva makes energetic rhythmical dorso-ventral vibrations by the whole body, raising it dorsally quicker than lowing ventrally. Some individuals demonstrate ability to make respiratory vibrations by tergalii. Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Cuticle colorless with contrasting dark brown markings on thoracic terga and pleura. Head colorless, only antennae slightly tinged with pale brownish. Pronotum colorless. Mesonotum at most colorless, with contrasting dark brown markings on certain sutures (Fig. 24). Thoracic pleura at most colorless, with certain sclerites contrastingly dark brown; lateropostnotal crest forming wide contrasting brown macula of characteristic shape (Fig. 25). Wing cuticle nearly colorless. Legs at most colorless, tarsi slightly tinged with pale brownish; distal margin of each tarsal segment narrowly bordered by brown. Abdominal terga and sterna entirely colorless. Styliger colorless, bordered with brownish; gonostyli colorless. Cerci entirely colorless. HYPODERMAL COLORATION. As in imago. TEXTURE. On all legs of both sexes last tarsal segment entirely covered by pointed microlepides; other tarsal segments at most part covered by blunt microlepides, apically by pointed microlepides (Table 1). Tarsal spines of subimago and imago. Tarsus of fore leg in male and female without apical spines. Tarsus of middle and hind leg of both sexes with 1 apical spine on initial 3rd tarsomere (next after 1st+2nd tarsomere) (Table 1). fore leg ♂ fore leg ♀ mid & hind leg Texture of tarsal segments in subimago: U, tarsomere covered mainly by blunt microlepides (pointed microlepides can be present only on apex of this tarsomere); Y, whole tarsomere covered by pointed microlepides. Apical spine: +, present; ���, absent. Imago, male. COLORATION (Figs 30, 31). Head pale ocher. Turbinate eyes either entirely orange, or with orange stem and yellow facetted surface. Thorax pale ocher, with paired frame-shaped brown macula including antelateroparapsidal scutal suture; mesothoracic postscutellum contrastingly dark brown (cuticular coloration). Wing membrane colorless, veins pale ocher or colorless, basal part of subcostal vein and costal brace with brown markings. Femora of all legs ocher, with following hypodermal coloration: subapical irregular orange band, apical part irregularly shaded with brown; fore femur with or without longitudinal orange spot at middle and/or longitudinal brownish stripes (Fig. 28, 29). Tibiae of all legs pale ocher, with or without hypodermal orange coloration on inner side. Tarsi of all legs pale ocher, on fore leg cuticle of first segment can be tinged with brownish. Claws brown. Abdomen nearly colorless, whitish, with following hypodermal markings: tergum I always with pair of contrasting black spots; terga II, III, and V���VII with or without pair of narrow light brown transverse stripes near posterior margin; stripes of one segment can be either separated, or connected by fine transverse line; terga VII���IX with or without diffusive light orange median macula; some parts of lateral tracheal trunks colored with light brown (Figs 30, 31). Cerci entirely colorless, whitish. STRUCTURE. Turbinate eyes with wide facetted surface (Fig. 31). Pterostigma with 3���6 complete and incomplete oblique veins; two marginal intercalaries nearly in each space (except for few posterior ones), length of most intercalaries less than distance between adjacent longitudinal veins (Fig. 32). Hind wing absent. Middle and hind tarsus long (about 0.7���0.8 of tibia length), its 1st+2nd segment subequal or longer than 3rd, 4th and 5th segments together (Table 2). Genitals as in Figs 35���36: unistyligers wide basally, surface between them striated; gonovectes shallowly bent; median sterno-styligeral muscle slender, consists of pair of separate bunches, which are convergent V-shaped. Imago, female. COLORATION. Similar to in male. Veins of wings brown, darker than in male (Fig. 26). Structure. Eyes relatively large, elevated above head surface (Figs 26���27). Wing venation as in male, with 2 marginal intercalaries nearly in each space (except for few posterior ones) (as in Fig. 32). Leg proportions similar to that of male (Table 3). Egg. Widely oval, 0.1 mm length. Chorion thin, irregularly crumpled, without regular relief (Fig. 145). Dimension. Fore wing length: male 6 mm; female 7 mm. Distribution. Known from one locality in Peru. Comparison. Larva of C. vibratorius sp. n. differs from other species by great proximal-posterior widening of first tergalius (Fig. 37). Its cuticular coloration of abdomen is characteristic and includes dark submedian oblique stripes on terga II, V and VI (Figs 1���4); from C. barituensis, whose larvae have similar abdominal coloration, C. vibratorius differs by presence of submedian oblique stripes on abdominal tergum II, which are more intensive than stripes on tergum III. Subimago of C. vibratorius sp. n. differs from other species by colorless cuticle with few contrasting dark brown maculae on pterothorax terga and pleura only (Figs 24���25). Among two-winged species of Cloeodes, female imago and subimago of C. vibratorius sp. n. differs from C. barituensis, C. maracatu, C. redactus, C. maculipes, C. caraibensis, C. superior and C. inferior by presence of 2 marginal intercalaries in each space. Male and female imagoes and subimagoes of C. vibratorius sp. n. differ from other species by characteristic pale coloration with contrasting black postscutellum and pair of contrasting black spots on first abdominal segment (Figs 26, 31). Larva of C. vibratorius sp. n. differs from other mayfly larvae observed by me in living condition, by unusual respiratory movements., Published as part of Kluge, Nikita J., 2017, Contribution to the knowledge of Cloeodes Traver 1938 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 91-127 in Zootaxa 4319 (1) on pages 96-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/888627

Cloeodes redactus Waltz & McCafferty 1987 (Figs 44���91, 46) ���Genus Poss. Cloeodes ���: Roback 1966: 133, Pl. 3: Figs 31���36 (larva); Cloeodes (Cloeodes) redactus Waltz & McCafferty 1987b: 204 (larva) (non C. redactus sensu Massariol et al. 2013);? Cloeodes barituensis: Falcao, Salles & Hamada 2011: Fig. 89 (larva) (non C. barituensis Nieto & Richard 2008). Material examined. PERU: Region Ucayali, Prov. Padre Abad, Aguaytia, Pampa Yurac, La Choza, 9��04'S, 75��31'W, 23.II.2006, coll. N. Kluge: 2 L/S ♀; Region Loreto, Prov. Ucayali: 17 km NNE Contamana, Aguas Termales, 7��11'S, 74��57'W, 26.VII���4.VIII.2013, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko: 5 L-S-I ♂, 1 L-S/I ♂, 7 L-S-I ♀, 8 larvae; ibid., Pampa Hermosa, Quebrada Huanganaico, 7��12'S, 75��22'W 19���20.VIII.2013, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko: 3 L-S-I ♂, 7 larvae. Region Loreto, Prov. Maynas, Quebrada El Sabalo (right tributary of Rio Itaya) between Puente Itaya (57 km from Iquitos) and San Joaquin (at Rio Amazon), 4��16'S, 73��27'W, 1���16.II.2006, coll. N. Kluge: 1 L-S ♂, 1 L-S-I ♀, 2 L-S ♀, 7 larvae. Region Junin, Prov. Satipo, Puerto Prado, Rio Meritori, 11��09'S, 74��16'W, 9���15.IX.2013, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko: 2 L-S-I ♂, 1 L-S/I ♂, 2 L-S-I ♀, 2 L-S ♀, 3 L/S ♂. Descriptions. Larva. CUTICULAR COLORATION (Figs 58���62, 69���73). Head with colorless and brown areas. Terga and pleura of thorax mainly brown with composite maculation, sterna colorless; in immature larva cuticle of fore protoptera colorless (Figs 58���59), before molt cuticle of protoptera becomes brown (Fig 72). Legs light with or without diffusive darker macula at middle of femur, knee articulation and base of tarsus (Figs 60���62). Most of abdominal terga brown with lighter areas; pigmentation variable, but pigmentation of tergum II always less extensive than pigmentation of tergum III (Figs 5 8���59, 69���71); terga IV and VIII usually lighter than others, often at most part non-pigmented (Fig. 70), sometimes entirely non-pigmented (Fig. 71), rarely as dark as others (Fig. 69); tergum IX more or less pigmented; tergum X well-pigmented. Abdominal sterna light, sometimes with brown lateral markings; paraprocts brown, as remainder segment X. Caudalii lighter, with brown band near apex (Fig. 73). HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Black transverse stripes on posterior margins of abdominal terga I���III and V���VII often present (Figs 58���59), sometimes absent (as in imago). Female larva just before molt to subimago with lateral triangular brown maculae on abdominal sterna (as in imago���Fig. 86). SHAPE AND SETATION. Frontal suture pointed, rectangular; face relatively long; in female larva eyes brought together (as in Fig. 6). Labrum equally wide at base and at middle or little wider at base, with pair of submedian long setae and 2 pairs of sublateral long setae (as in Fig. 12; Roback 1966: Fig. 31). Prostheca of left mandible with 3 blunt processes and usually 4 (rarely 3 or 5) pointed processes; median margin of left mandible proximad of prostheca straight or slightly convex, smooth (Figs 63, 65). Prostheca of right mandible directed medially-proximally, bifurcate, with longest branch directed proximally; median margin of right mandible proximad of prostheca straight or slightly convex, smooth or with serration, without seta-like processes (Figs 64, 66). Stipes of maxilla proximally with 3���4 setae on ventro-medial side. Maxillary canines and distal dentiseta stout; distal dentiseta widened, with apex somewhat hooked toward canines (as in Fig. 8; Roback 1966: Fig. 32). Maxillary palp about as long as maxilla, 2-segmented (Roback 1966: Fig. 34). Labium with glossae and paraglossae subequal, both narrowed apically (as in Fig. 14). Glossa with 6���8 setae in dorso-lateral row; ventrally with irregularly arranged setae in proximal part and 6���9 setae forming ventro-median row. Paraglossa with lateroapical setae forming one regular row and few (2���4) setae just dorsad of it; with 6���7 setae in ventro-median row; with 3���4 setae in dorso-median row. Distal segment of labial palp not widened apically, with median margin subequal to lateral margin (as in Figs 13, 14; Roback 1966: Fig. 36). All thoracic terga without protuberances. Metanotum without vestiges of hind protoptera (Fig. 61). Fore legs largest, middle legs smaller and hind legs smallest; on fore leg tarsus much longer than tibia, on middle and hind legs tarsus subequal to tibia; claws not elongated, much less than half of tarsal length (Table 4; Figs 60���62). Femur parallel-sided, with outer margin straight and inner margin slightly convex; apical projection equally short on femora of all leg pairs (as in Fig. 16). Outer side of femur with row of 3���6 small spatulate setae; apical projection with 2 such setae (as in Fig. 16). Inner and dorsal side of femur with few stout setae, which are several times smaller than setae on dorsal side. Patella-tibial suture and proximal arc of long setae with contiguous sockets equally developed on tibiae of all leg pairs; inner margin of tibia with irregular small stout pointed setae, apically with 2 larger setae (as in Fig. 16). Outer-apical seta blunt, reaching apex of tibia (Fig. 68). Dorsal side of each tarsus with long fine setae forming 2 longitudinal rows (Fig. 68). Claw shorter than 1/2 of tarsus length (Fig. 68). Scales on abdominal terga and sterna numerous, short, semicircular, colorless and delicate. Posterior margin of abdominal tergum I often entirely smooth, rarely with few irregular short denticles; posterior margins of all terga II���X often with regular long pointed denticles, rarely tergum II without denticles or with few irregular short denticles; on tergum IX, portion of posterior margin behind pair of submedian setae, lacks denticles and projected backward (as in Fig. 18). Posterior margins of abdominal sterna I���IV smooth; posterior margins of sterna V���VIII with regular pointed denticles, shorter and lighter than denticles on terga. Each sternum II���VI with pair of regular transverse arched rows of long, fine, simple (not furcate) setae with closely contiguous sockets (as in Fig. 20). Tergalius I widest at distal half, with costal and anal margins convex; tergalius II widest near middle, with anal margin more convex than costal margin; tergalii III���IV widest at proximal half, with anal margin more convex than costal margin (Figs 44���57). All tergalii with ribs only on proximal parts of costal and anal margins, without middle rib. Margins bearing costal and anal ribs smooth (not serrated); margin free of ribs slightly notched, with small seta in each notch. Paraprocts with anterior median apodeme small, soft and colorless; each paraproct with 7���8 long pointed denticles on posterior margin, with dense scales as on sterna and terga (Fig. 67). Each swimming seta of caudalii sharply divided into dark proximal part and colorless delicate distal part (Fig. 73). Ventral and dorsal side of paracercus and lateral sides of cerci in middle part with one or several long pointed denticles on each 4th segment. DEVELOPING MALE GENITALS. In last larval instar, developing subimaginal gonostyli folded under larval cuticle in �� Nigrobaetis -type�� pose, with 2nd segment bent by convexity medially, and 3rd segment directed caudally (Figs 86, 89). RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS. Larva does not make respiratory vibration by the body (unlike C. vibratorius). Tergalii unable to respiratory movements. Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Cuticle with light brown and colorless areas. Head colorless, only antennae slightly tinged with pale brownish. Pronotum with light brown and colorless areas. Mesonotum at most brown, medioparapsidal suture contrastingly colorless, other sutures darkened (Fig. 74). Thoracic pleura with light brown and colorless areas; lateropostnotal crest narrowly colored by dark brown, diffusively bordered by light brown (Fig. 75). Base of wing light brown, other wing cuticle lighter. Legs at most colorless, tarsi slightly tinged with pale brownish; distal margin of each tarsal segment narrowly bordered by brown. Abdominal terga slightly colored with light brownish, microtrichiae brown. Abdominal sterna lighter. Cerci colorless. HYPODERMAL COLORATION. As in imago. TEXTURE. On all legs of both sexes last tarsal segment entirely covered by pointed microlepides; other tarsal segments at most part covered by blunt microlepides, apically by pointed microlepides (Table 1). Tarsal spines of subimago and imago. Tarsus of fore leg in male and female without apical spines. Tarsus of middle and hind leg of both sexes with 1 apical spine on initial 3rd tarsomere (next after 1st+2nd tarsomere) (Table 1). Imago, male. COLORATION (Fig. 76���81). Head ocher. Turbinate eyes orange or yellow. Thorax ocher with light brown and white markings. Wing membrane colorless, veins pale ocher or colorless, basal part of costal and subcostal veins and part of costal brace brown. Femora of all legs ocher, with brown or reddish subapical band (hypodermal coloration); main trachea can be colored with dark brown; fore femur also with brown macula apically. Tibiae of all legs pale ocher, with or without hypodermal brownish coloration on inner side. Tarsi of all legs pale ocher, on fore leg cuticle of first segment can be tinged with brownish. Claws as light as tarsus. Abdominal segments I���III and V���VI colorless; segment IV either also colorless (Fig. 77), or with tergum tinged with pale yellowish (Figs 76, 78); segments VII���X pale yellowish; terga always without median markings; terga I��� VII with contrasting dark paired transverse stripes near posterior margin: stripes on tergum I largest, stripes on terga IV and VII smallest. Color of these stripes varies from black to brown to light reddish; size of stripes varies from wide and connected medially to small and dot-shaped; stripes can be completely absent on terga IV and/or VII, or on terga II���IV and/or VII, or present on tergum I only. Lateral tracheal trunks and bases of sternal tracheae contrastingly colored by black or brown. Cerci entirely colorless, whitish. STRUCTURE. Turbinate eyes with facetted surface wider than stem (Figs 76���79). Pterostigma with 3���5 complete and incomplete oblique veins. Two marginal intercalaries nearly in each space (except for few posterior ones), length of most intercalaries less than distance between adjacent longitudinal veins (as in Fig. 32). Hind wing absent. Middle and hind tarsus long (about 0.7���0.8 of tibia length), its 1st+2nd segment subequal to 3rd, 4th and 5th segments together (Table 4). Genitals as in Figs 88, 91: unistyligers cylindrical; median sterno-styligeral muscle slender, consists of separate bunches, which are either convergent V-shaped (Fig. 88), or crossed (Fig. 91). Imago, female. COLORATION (Figs 82���85). Coloration of head, thorax, wings and legs similar to that of male. Abdomen ocher, terga VI and VII darker; terga with contrasting dark paired transverse stripes as in male; besides this, lateral parts of terga, pleura and lateral parts of sterna with composite brown and/or reddish maculation; particularly, at least each sternum II���VII with pair of contrasting brown lateral triangular maculae widened toward anterior margin of sternum. STRUCTURE. Eyes relatively large, elevated above head surface (Fig. 83). Wing either with one marginal intercalary in some spaces and no one marginal intercalary in other spaces, or without marginal intercalaries at all; in other respects wing venation as in male (Figs 82, 85). Egg. Oval, 0.1 mm length. Chorion irregularly crumpled, without relief (Fig. 146). Dimension. Fore wing length: male and female 4 mm. Distribution. Peru. Variability. Among specimens examined, two forms can be distinguished. The first form (��pallidus��) includes specimens collected near Puerto Prado (6 male and 4 female imagoes and subimagoes associated with larvae). They have transverse stripes on abdominal terga at most light brown or reddish, poorly expressed or non-expressed (Fig. 79); larvae of all these 10 specimens have prostheca of left mandible with 3 blunt processes and 3 pointed processes (Fig. 65). The second form (��nigrostriatus��) includes specimens collected near Contamana, Pampa Hermosa and Puente Itaya (11 male and 11 female imagoes and subimagoes associated with larvae). They have transverse stripes on imaginal abdominal terga at most well expressed, contrastingly dark brown or black (Figs 76���78); among them, 18 larvae have prostheca of left mandible with 3 blunt processes and 4 pointed processes (Fig. 63); 2 specimens have prostheca of left mandible with 3 blunt processes and 5 pointed processes; 2 specimens (male and female imagoes reared from larvae near Contamana) have prostheca of left mandible with 3 blunt processes and 3 pointed processes. Among 2 specimens from Aguaytia (mature female larvae with developed subimaginal parts) one has features of the form ��pallidus�� (small brown hypodermal stripes on abdominal terga and left prostheca with 3+3 processes) and another has features of the from ��nigrostriatus�� (long black hypodermal stripes on abdominal terga and left prostheca with 3+4 processes). The form ��pallidus�� well agrees with the original description of C. redactus based on larvae from Tingo Maria, for which dark hypodermal stripers on larval abdominal terga are not reported, and left prostheca is figured with 3 blunt processes and 3 pointed processes (Roback 1966: Fig. 33). I could not find other differences between these two forms, and regard them to be conspecific. Comparison. Female imago, female subimago and female mature larva of C. redactus can be recognized by presence of contrasting brown hypodermal triangular maculae on abdominal sterna. Imago and subimago of both sexes can be recognized by having contrasting dark transverse lines or paired stripes on posterior margins of abdominal terga (Figs 76���78, 84), but in some individuals these markings are lighter (Fig. 79) or absent. Larva can be distinguished from other species by the characters given in the key (see above). Discussion. Preliminary description (without formal species name) was based on 6 larvae from three rivers near Tingo Maria in Peru (Roback 1966). Formal original description was based on 2 of these larvae from the river Cantaria at Puente Perez (Waltz & McCafferty 1987b). Larvae described above, well agree with the original description; they were collected in various localities in Peru, and two specimens were collected near Aguaytia, about 50 km from the type locality. McCafferty & Lugo-Ortiz (1996: 19���28) reported ��� C. redactus ��� from Honduras without more details. Nieto and co-authors (Nieto & Richard 2008; Nieto & Emmerich 2011) keyed larva of ��� C. redactus ��� as having denticles on posterior margin on abdominal tergum I, but did not report origin of this information. Actually, denticles on abdominal tergum I are absent or vestigial. Massariol et al. (2013) described larvae and female imago determined by them as ��� C. redactus ���. Description of this female imago is based on one female imago reared from larva in Reserva Ducke in Manaus, while description of larvae are based on 20 larvae collected in Igarape do Anta in Barcelos (F.F. Salles, personal communication). Photos of these larvae contradict the original description of C. redactus: in C. redactus ���abdomen dark brown with light pattern... tergites 4 and 8 lighter��� (Roback 1966) (Waltz & McCafferty 1987b: Fig. 43), while on the photos abdominal terga I���IV and VII���VIII nearly lack cuticular pigmentation, and only terga V���VI and IX���X have brown cuticular pigmentation (Massariol et al. 2013: Figs 5, 6). Female imago ascribed by Massariol et al. (2013) to C. redactus has abdominal terga with red and orange median markings and sterna washed with orange with lighter sigilla (Massariol et al. 2013: Fig. 31���32), while female imagoes reared by me, have no such red and orange coloration, but have contrasting brown lateral spots on abdominal sterna (Figs 82���86). Thus, larvae and female imago described by Massariol et al. (2013) under the name ��� Cloeodes redactus ���, do not belong to this species, and possibly represent a new species. Falcao et al. (2011) reported larvae of C. barituensis Nieto & Richard 2008 from Roraima, Brazil and gave photos of total dorsal view and labium (Falcao et al. 2011: Figs 89, 90). Coloration of this larva markedly differs from described for C. barituensis. Judging by cuticular coloration (mainly brown with lighter blanks and lightest abdominal segments IV and VIII) and hypodermal coloration (dark transverse stripes on posterior margins of abdominal terga) larva from Roraima can belong to C. redactus., Published as part of Kluge, Nikita J., 2017, Contribution to the knowledge of Cloeodes Traver 1938 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 91-127 in Zootaxa 4319 (1) on pages 104-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/888627, {"references":["Roback, S. S. (1966) The Catherwood Foundation Peruvia-Amazon expedition. VI- Ephemeroptera nymphs. Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 14, 129 - 199.","Waltz, R. D. & McCafferty, W. P. (1987 b) Revision of the genus Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 80 (2), 191 - 207. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 80.2.191","Massariol, F. C., Lima, L. R. C., Pinheiro, U. D. S., Quieroz, L. L., Oliveira, L. G. & Salles, F. F. (2013) Two-winged Cloeodes in Brazil: New species, stage description, and key to South American species. Journal of Insect Science (Tucson), 13 (Article 60), 1 - 20.","Falcao, J. N., Salles, F. F. & Hamada, N. (2011) Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) ocorrentes em Roraima, Brasil: novos registros e chaves para generos e especies no estagio ninfal. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 55, 516 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262011005000048","Nieto, C. & Richard, B. (2008) The genus Cloeodes (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Argentina with new generic synonymy and new species. Zootaxa, 1727, 1 - 21.","Nieto, C. & Emmerich, D. (2011) Three new species of the genus Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Uruguay. Zootaxa, 2996, 57 - 65."]}

Genus Cloeodes Traver 1938 (Figs 1���146) Genus Cloeodes: Salles, Gattoliatt & Sartori 2016: 100 (diagnosis for larvae and imagoes). Type species: Cloeodes maculipes Traver 1938. Systematic position. According to the phylogenetic classification of Baetidae (Kluge & Novikova 2011), Cloeodes belongs to the following subsequently subordinated taxa: Tetramerotarsata Kluge 1997> Liberevenata Kluge 1997> Turbanoculata Kluge 1997> Anteropatellata Kluge 1997> Baetovectata Kluge & Novikova 2011. Patella-tibial suture is typical for Anteropatellata [see discussion of apomorphy (1)]. Gonovectes have structure typical for Baetovectata (Figs 36, 88, 91, 118). Autapomorphies of Cloeodes. (1) On larval tibia, proximal arched row of fine setae is very regular, with setal sockets contiguous; this setal row is short and disconnected with patella-tibial suture (Fig. 16; Kluge 1991: Fig. 3:6; Salles et al. 2015: Figs 7 d, 9d, 12a, 14a, 16a, 18a, 20a, 22a, 24a, 26a, 28a; Salles et al. 2016: 6F). The species of doubtful position incus Waltz & McCafferty 1987a [Bernerius] has this character (Waltz & McCafferty 1987a: Fig. 11). In Cloeodes patella-tibial suture retains usual shape, being not shifted distally (Fig. 16), and is equally developed on all legs on larva (Figs 21���23, 60���62, 102) and on all legs of female subimago and imago; it is absent only on fore legs of male subimago and imago. These features are initial for Anteropatellata and different from Centroptella and Chopralla, whose patella-tibial suture on larval middle and hind legs is greatly shifted distally, and on fore legs is absent in all stages. Proximal arched row of fine setae is developed on larval tibia in some other taxa, being a plesiomorphy (Salles et al. 2016); it can be poorly expressed (e.g., in Indocloeon ��� Kluge 2012a: Fig. 15), or dense and regular, but with spaces between setae sockets and stretched distally up to beginning of the patella-tibial suture (e.g., in Cloeoninae���Kluge & Novikova 1992: Figs 1���2). In Centroptella and Chopralla it is also regular and spaced, being greatly elongated. (2) On larval abdominal sternum, transverse row of fine setae is very regular, with setal sockets contiguous (Fig. 20: Waltz & McCafferty 1987a: Fig. 5; 1987b: Fig. 44; Salles et al. 2015: 10E���F). Setae of these rows are long and simple (not furcate). Pair of these setal rows is present on each of abdominal sterna II���VI (Salles et al. 2016). On sternum II these rows can be either well-developed, or vestigial, consisting of few (3���2) setae, which sometimes are situated not close together. Waltz & McCafferty (1987a) wrote about incus [Bernerius], that its sterna have ��long, fine setae randomly scattered over surface, without tufts of setae��, that was a reason for placing it to a separate genus Bernerius Waltz & McCafferty 1987a. Transverse rows of long setae on the same places of abdominal sterna are present also in Centroptella and Chopralla, but their setal sockets are separated, and all setae are bifurcate. Presence of such spaced rows of bifurcate setae is not a reliable apomorphy, because the same rows are present in some non-related taxa, for example in selected Oriental species of Procloeon Bengtsson 1915 (Salles et al. 2016 and own observation). Unlike this, rows of non-bifurcate setae with contiguous sockets is not found in taxa other than Cloeodes. Setae forming transverse rows on sterna, are very delicate and colorless; under light microscope, their structure is well visible only if prepare a dry slide of empty cuticle (molting exuviae can be used for this purpose). Other characters of Cloeodes. Eyes of female imago enlarged and projected above head surface (Figs 27, 83; Waltz & McCafferty 1987b: Fig. 17). The same in some other taxa. Subimaginal tarsi bear pointed microlepides at least on apical (initial 5th) tarsomere; previous tarsomeres are either also covered by pointed microlepides, or covered mainly by blunt microlepides (as in Kluge & Novikova 2014: Figs 11���17) (Table 1). In this respect Cloeodes differs from Baetofemorata and some other taxa, whose tarsi are entirely covered by blunt microlepides. In last larval instar, developing subimaginal gonostyli are folded under larval cuticle in �� Nigrobaetis -type�� pose, with 2nd segment bent by convexity medially, and 3rd segment directed caudally (Figs 33, 86, 89, 116, 136). This pose is the most usual for the plesiomorphon Baetovectata-non-Baetofemorata, to which Cloeodes belongs. Variable characters of Cloeodes. MARGINAL INTERCALARIES OF FORE WING. At least in male, fore wing has double marginal intercalaries���i. e. two intercalaries per space between veins (Figs 32, 110). In female, marginal intercalaries are either double as in male, or secondarily single. Among species examined, females of Cloeodes vibratorius sp. n. and C. auwe Salles et al. 2004 have marginal intercalaries double, as in male (Fig. 26). Females of Cloeodes redactus Waltz & McCafferty 1987, C. nigrohumeris sp. n., C. superior Kluge 1991 and C. inferior Kluge 1991 have marginal intercalaries less developed than in male: between some veins only one intercalary is present, between others intercalaries are absent; sometimes marginal intercalaries are absent on the whole wing. In the cases, when there is one marginal intercalary in a space between veins, this intercalary locates not in the middle of the space, but either anteriad, or posteriad of the middle (Figs 85, 114; Kluge 1991: Fig. 13). Such eccentric single marginal intercalaries are secondary ones, i. e. originating from double intercalaries characteristic for Baetovectata. In contrast to them, the primary single marginal intercalaries, which are initially characteristic for Liberevenata, are located at the middle of each space. In this respect Cloeodes differs from the Afrotropical taxon Potamocloeon Gillies 1990 (= Maliqua Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1997), which some authors united with Cloeodes (Jacobus & McCafferty & Gattolliat 2006): in contrast to Cloeodes, whose marginal intercalaries are either double or eccentric, Potamocloeon has one marginal intercalary in the middle of space, that is characteristic for baetid taxa other than Baetovectata. HIND WING. In various species of Cloeodes, hind wings are either developed in both sexes, or absent in both sexes; in the last case larva has no vestiges of hind protoptera (Figs. 22, 61, 102). All species of Cloeodes known from North and Central America, have no hind wings. Among South American species reliably attributed to Cloeodes (i.e., with known larval characters), hind wings are absent in C. redactus Waltz & McCafferty 1987b, C. auwe Salles & Batista (in Salles et al.) 2004, C. barituensis Nieto & Richard 2008, C. maracatu Lima et al. (in Massariol et al.) 2013, C. spaceki Queiroz et al. (in Massariol et al.) 2013 and two new species described here��� C. vibratorius sp. n. and C. nigrohumeris sp. n. (key for larvae of these two-winged species is given below). Other known South American species have hind wings (Salles et al. 2015). MAXILLA. General shape of maxilla is uniform in all Cloeodes: it has short biting edge and thick distal dentiseta adjacent to canines (Fig. 7); however, shape of the distal dentiseta varies among species: in most species its apex is bent toward canines (Figs 8, 142) (that can be called �� Baetis -type��), while in C. auwe, C. spaceki and C. nigrohumeris sp. n. distal dentiseta is bent in the same direction as canines (Fig. 109) (that can be called �� Cloeon - type��). RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS OF LARVA. In most Baetidae ability/inability for respiratory movements by tergalii is a character of high-level taxa; particularly, all representatives of the large world-wide taxon Baetungulata Kluge & Novikova 2011 are unable for respiratory vibrations by tergalii (that can be called �� Baetis -type��) and all representatives of the large Arctogean taxon Cloeonini (sensu Kluge 2016) are able for rhythmical respiratory movements by tergalii (that can be called �� Cloeon -type��). Ability/inability for respiratory movements can be revealed if place alive larva to stagnant water with low oxygen concentration. In Cloeodes this character is speciesspecific: among species examined, C. superior, C. inferior and C. redactus do not make respiratory movements, while tergalii of C. nigrohumeris sp. n. are able to make fast synchronous vibrations with small amplitude. Larva of C. vibratorius sp. n. makes unusual respiratory movements by the whole body and usually does not vibrate by tergalii, but is able to do it. STRUCTURE OF TERGALII. In the two-winged species of Cloeodes examined by me, tergalii have speciesspecific shape, but uniform structure: ribs are present only on proximal parts of costal and anal margins; ribs are smooth, without denticles; distal margin of tergalius is free of rib and slightly notched, with small seta in each notch (Figs 37���57, 119���132). Among fore-winged species, tergalii are more diverse: in some species tergalius, besides marginal ribs, has a median rib running close to median trachea (Salles et al. 2015). Similar median rib is present in all examined species of Centroptella and Chopralla (unpublished data). APODEME OF LARVAL PARAPROCTS. Pair of paraprocts represent a ventral sclerite (sternite) of abdominal segment X, which is the last segment of the insect body (Kluge 2004). Paired ventral longitudinal muscles, being serially homologous in abdominal segments I���IX, stretch from anterior margin of each sternite to anterior margin of the next sternite; in abdominal segment IX these muscles stretch from anterior margin of sternite IX to anterior margins of paraprocts; pair of these muscles convergent posteriorly and are attached on a common unpaired base of paraprocts. This intersegmental ventral muscle is figured on longitudinal section in male imaginal genitals (Kluge (2012b: Fig. 18); paired anterior insertions of these muscles on anterior margin of sternite IX of male imago are shown here on Figs 35, 88, 91 and 118 as ���m.IX-X���. In larva, pair of these muscles is also attached to a common unpaired base of paraprocts. In most mayflies paraprocts have no significant apodeme at place of this muscle attachment, but in some species of Cloeodes such apodeme is present. Among species examined, C. vibratorius has a long, thick, pigmented apodeme (Figs 15, 19), C. redactus has thin and flexible apodeme (Fig. 67), and C. nigrohumeris lacks significant apodeme (Fig. 107). Possibly, strong development of this apodeme in C. vibratorius is connected with its peculiar abdominal respiratory movements. Similar apodemes are figured on paraprocts of some four-winged species of Cloeodes (Salles et al. 2015: Figs 22 f, 24f and some others)., Published as part of Kluge, Nikita J., 2017, Contribution to the knowledge of Cloeodes Traver 1938 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 91-127 in Zootaxa 4319 (1) on pages 92-95, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/888627, {"references":["Traver, J. R. (1938) Mayflies of Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 22, 5 - 42, pls. 1 - 3.","Salles, F. F., Gattolliat, J. - L. & Sartori, M. (2016) Phylogenetic analyses of Cloeodes Traver and related genera (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Systematic Entomology, 41 (1), 93 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12144","Kluge, N. J. & Novikova, E. A. (2011) Systematics of the mayfly taxon Acentrella (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), with description of new Asian and African species. Russian Entomological Journal, 20 (1), 1 - 56.","Kluge, N. J. (1997) Classification and phylogeny of the Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) with description of the new species from the Upper Cretaceous resins of Taimyr. In: Landolt, P. & Sartori, M. (Eds.), Ephemeroptera & Plecoptera. Biology-Ecology- Systematics (Proc. VIII Int. Conf. on Ephemeroptera and XII Int. Symposium on Plecoptera, August 1995, Lausanne). Mauron + Tinguely & Lacht SA, Fribourg, pp. 527 - 535.","Kluge, N. J. (1991) [Cuban mayflies of the family Baetidae (Ephemeroptera). 1. Genera Callibaetis, Cloeodes and Paracloeodes]. [Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal], 70 (12), 128 - 135. [in Russian with English summary]","Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B, Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, J. - L. & Sartori, M. S. (2015) Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges. Zootaxa, 4020 (1), 1 - 50. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4020.1.1","Waltz, R. D. & McCafferty, W. P. (1987 a) Generic revision of Cloeodes and description of two new genera (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 89 (1), 177 - 184.","Kluge, N. J. (2012 a) Non-African representatives of the plesiomorphon Protopatellata (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Russian Entomological Journal, 20 (4), 361 - 376.","Kluge, N. J. & Novikova, E. A. (1992) [Revision of the Palaearctic genera and subgenera of mayflies of the subfamily Cloeoninae (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) with description of new species from the USSR]. [Entomologicheskoe Obozreni e = Revue d'Entomologie de l'URSS] 71 (1), 60 - 83. [in Russian with English summary, English translation: Entomological Review, 71 (9), 29 - 54]","Bengtsson, S. (1915) Eine Namensanderung. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 36 (1), 34.","Waltz, R. D. & McCafferty, W. P. (1987 b) Revision of the genus Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 80 (2), 191 - 207. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 80.2.191","Kluge, N. J. & Novikova, E. A. (2014) Systematics of Indobaetis Muller-Liebenau & Morihara 1982, and related implications for some other Baetidae genera (Ephemeroptera). Zootaxa, 3835 (2), 209 - 236. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3835.2.3","Salles, F. F., Batista, J. D. & Cabette, H. R. S. (2004) Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) de Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brasil: Novos registros e descricao de uma nova especie de Cloeodes Traver. Biota Neotropica, 4 (2), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032004000200004","Gillies, M. T. (1990) A new genus for the Afrotropical mayfly, Cloeon dentatum Kimmins (Ephem., Baetidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 126, 207 - 208.","Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. & McCafferty, W. P. (1997). Maliqua: a new genus of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) for a species previously assigned to Afroptilum. Entomological News, 108 (5), 367 - 371.","Jacobus, L. M., McCafferty, W. P. & Gattolliat, J. - L. (2006). Taxonomy of Afrotropical Securiops, new genus, and Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). African Entomology, 14 (1), 129 - 140.","Nieto, C. & Richard, B. (2008) The genus Cloeodes (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Argentina with new generic synonymy and new species. Zootaxa, 1727, 1 - 21.","Massariol, F. C., Lima, L. R. C., Pinheiro, U. D. S., Quieroz, L. L., Oliveira, L. G. & Salles, F. F. (2013) Two-winged Cloeodes in Brazil: New species, stage description, and key to South American species. Journal of Insect Science (Tucson), 13 (Article 60), 1 - 20.","Kluge, N. J. (2016) A new subgenus Oculogaster subgen. n. for viviparous representatives of Procloeon s. l., with discussion about status of the generic name Austrocloeon Barnard 1932 and the species name africanum Esben-Petersen 1913 [Cloeon] (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). Zootaxa, 4107 (4), 491 - 516. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4107.4.2","Kluge, N. J. (2004) The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 456 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0872 - 3","Kluge, N. J. (2012 b) Systematics of Rhithrocloeoninae with new species from Uganda. Russian Entomological Journal, 21 (1), 1 - 13."]}

Cloeodes superior Kluge 1991 (Figs 137���141, 143���144) Cloeodes superior Kluge 1991: 130 (larva, ♂ and ♀ imagoes, eggs). Material examined. Holotype: L-S-I ♂ {specimen [III](7)1989}: CUBA, Rio Guama near La-Alcarraza (border of provinces Santiago-de-Cuba and Granma, 60 km W Santiago-de-Cuba), 20��03'N, 76��28'W, 4.III.1989, coll. N. Kluge. Paratypes: the same locality, 2���8.II.1989: 3 L-S-I ♂, 10 L-S-I ♀, 20 L-S ♂, 10 L-S ♀, 1 larva; Arroyo Paco (tributary of Rio Palma Mocha, 100 km W Santiago-de-Cuba, Prov. Santiago-de-Cuba), 20��00'N, 76��51'W, 18��� 24,1989, coll. N. Kluge: 3 L-S-I♀, 3 L-S♂, 2 L-S♀, 2 larvae; Titin, 4.XII.1983, coll. C. Naranjo: 20 larvae; Idalia, 25.I.1986, coll. C. Naranjo: 16 larvae. Additions and corrections to description. Larva. Prostheca of left mandible with 3 blunt processes and 3���4 pointed processes (Figs 139, 141). Maxillary canines and distal dentiseta stout; distal dentiseta widened, with apex somewhat hooked toward canines (as in Figs 8, 142). Other characters as described by Kluge 1991. Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION: Cuticle with light brown and colorless areas. Head colorless, only antennae slightly tinged with pale brownish. Pronotum with light brown and colorless areas. Mesonotum at most light brownish, medioparapsidal suture colorless, other sutures darkened (Fig. 143). Thoracic pleura with light brown and colorless areas; lateropostnotal crest narrowly colored by dark brown, diffusively bordered by light brown (Fig. 144). Base of wing light brown, other wing cuticle lighter. Legs at most colorless; distal margin of each tarsal segment narrowly bordered by brown. Abdominal terga and sterna slightly colored with light brownish, microtrichiae brown. Cerci colorless. HYPODERMAL COLORATION: As in imago (Kluge 1991). TEXTURE: On all legs of both sexes all tarsal segments entirely covered by pointed microlepides (Table 1). Tarsal spines of subimago and imago. Tarsus of fore leg in female with one apical spine on 3dr tarsomere (in male without apical spines). Tarsus of middle and hind leg of both sexes with 2 apical spines: one sine on 1st+2nd and another spine on initial 3rd tarsomere (Table 1). Other characters of imago as described by Kluge 1991. Dimension. Fore wing length 4���6 mm. Distribution. Cuba., Published as part of Kluge, Nikita J., 2017, Contribution to the knowledge of Cloeodes Traver 1938 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 91-127 in Zootaxa 4319 (1) on pages 123-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/888627, {"references":["Kluge, N. J. (1991) [Cuban mayflies of the family Baetidae (Ephemeroptera). 1. Genera Callibaetis, Cloeodes and Paracloeodes]. [Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal], 70 (12), 128 - 135. [in Russian with English summary]"]}

Cloeodes nigrohumeris sp. n. (Figs 92���125) ���Genus nr. Neocloeon ���: Roback 1966: 133, Pl. 3: Figs 37���40 (larva). Etymology. The adjective nigrohumeris refers to pair of black lines on anterolateral parts of imaginal mesonotum (���shoulders���). Material examined. Holotype: L-S-I ♂ {specimen [XIX](3)2013}, PERU, Region Loreto, Provincia Ucayali, Pampa Hermosa, Quebrada Huanganaico, 7��12'S, 75��22'W, 18.VIII.2013, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko. Paratypes: the same locality and collectors, 18���20.VIII.2013: 5 L-S-I ♂, 1 L-S ♂, 9 L-S-I ♀, 3 L-S ♀, 3 L/S ♂, 2 L/S ♀, 1 larva. Provincia Ucayali, 17 km NNE Contamana, Aguas Termales, 7��11'S, 74��57'W, 26.VII���4.VIII.2013, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko: 3 L-S-I ♂, 1 L-S/I ♂, 2 L-S-I ♀, 1 L-S ♀, 3 L/S ♂, 1 L/S ♀, 7 larvae. Provincia Maynas, Quebrada El Sabalo (right tributary of Rio Itaya) between Puente Itaya (57 km from Iquitos) and San Joaquin (at Rio Amazon), 4��16'S, 73��27'W, 1���16.II.2006, coll. N. Kluge: 1 L-S-I ♂, 7 L/S ♂, 5 L/S ♀, 33 larvae. Descriptions. Larva. CUTICULAR COLORATION: Cuticle partly colorless, partly light brownish. Most part of head colorless. Pronotum and/or mesonotum either with colorless, light brownish and darker brow areas (Figs 94, 103), or at most part colorless with few small brown markings. Mesothorax and metathorax with contrasting brown macula adjacent to dorsal coxal articulation; in some individuals this macula occupies most part of episternum on metathorax and smaller part of episternum on mesothorax; remainder cuticle of thoracic pleura and sterna colorless (Fig. 102). Legs light with or without diffusive darker macula at middle of femur, knee articulation, tibia just distad of patella-tibial suture and/or base of tarsus (Fig. 102). Abdominal terga at most light, with few contrasting brown maculae (Figs 96, 100���101): tergum I at most brown; tergum II with anterior-median part and pair of submedian myo-sigilla brown; terga III���V at most colorless, tergum VI at most brown, tergum VII with unpaired medio-anterior brown macula, tergum VIII colorless, tergum IX often with lateral parts brown, tergum X light with brownish maculae. Abdominal sterna and paraprocts at most colorless. Caudalii light, often with brown band near apex (Fig. 92���93, 100���101). HYPODERMAL COLORATION: Abdominal terga of mature and immature larvae of both sexes with contrasting reddish or brown maculae well visible through cuticle: terga II���VII with median macula and pair of transverse stripes on posterior margin; terga II, V and VI, beside this, with pair of lateral maculae (as in imago) (Figs 92, 93, 95). SHAPE AND SETATION: Frontal suture pointed, rectangular; face relatively long; in female larva eyes brought together (as in Fig. 6). Labrum equally wide at base and at middle, with pair of submedian long setae and one pair of sublateral long setae (Fig. 106). Prostheca of left mandible with 3 blunt processes and 3 pointed processes; median margin of left mandible proximad of prostheca straight or slightly convex, smooth (Fig. 104). Prostheca of right mandible directed medially-proximally, bifurcate, with longest branch directed proximally; median margin of right mandible proximad of prostheca convex or nearly straight, smooth or with serration, without seta-like processes (Fig. 105). Stipes of maxilla proximally with 4���5 setae on ventro-medial side. Maxillary canines and distal dentiseta similar, all hooked medially (Fig. 109). Maxillary palp 2-segmented, either reaching apex of lacinia, or slightly shorter, or slightly longer (Roback 1966: Fig. 38). Labium with glossae and paraglossae subequal, both narrowed apically (Fig. 108). Glossa dorsally with 1���2 stout pointed setae near apex and with 10���12 setae in dorso-lateral row; ventrally with irregularly arranged setae in proximal part and 5���7 setae forming ventro-median row. Paraglossa with latero-apical setae forming one regular row and few (2���4) setae just dorsad of it; with 4���5 setae in ventro-median row; with 4 setae in dorso-median row. Distal segment of labial palp widened apically, with median margin slightly shorter than lateral margin (Fig. 108; Roback 1966: Fig. 40). All thoracic terga without protuberances. Metanotum without vestiges of hind protoptera (Fig. 102). Fore legs largest, middle legs smaller and hind legs smallest; on fore leg tarsus much longer than tibia, on middle and hind legs tarsus subequal to tibia; claws elongated, much longer than half of tarsal length (Table 5; Fig. 102). Femur parallel-sided, with outer margin straight and inner margin slightly convex; apical projection equally short on femora of all leg pairs. Outer side of femur with 5���7 minute stout setae; apical projection with 2 larger spatulate setae. Inner and dorsal side of femur with few stout setae, which are subequal or smaller than setae on dorsal side. Patella-tibial suture and proximal arc of long setae with contiguous sockets equally developed on tibiae of all leg pairs; inner margin of tibia with irregular small stout pointed setae, apically with 2 larger setae (as in Fig. 16). Outer-apical seta blunt, reaching apex of tibia. Dorsal side of each tarsus in proximal half with long fine setae forming 2 longitudinal rows. Claw longer than 1/2 of tarsus length (Fig. 102). Scales on abdominal terga and sterna numerous, short, triangular or semicircular, colorless and delicate (Fig. 97). Posterior margin of abdominal tergum I either entirely smooth, or with few irregular short denticles; posterior margins of terga II���X with regular long pointed denticles; on tergum IX, portion of posterior margin behind pair of submedian setae not markedly projected backward, either with diminished denticles (Fig. 97), or without denticles. Posterior margins of abdominal sterna I���IV smooth or with minute denticles on sternum IV; posterior margins of sterna V���VIII with regular pointed denticles, shorter and lighter than denticles on terga. Each sternum II���VI with pair of regular transverse arched rows of long, fine, simple (not furcate) setae with closely contiguous sockets (as in Fig. 20). Tergalii I���VII long, lanceolate and pointed (Figs 119���125). All tergalii with ribs only on proximal parts of costal and anal margins, without middle rib. Margins bearing costal and anal ribs smooth (not serrated); margin free of ribs slightly notched, with small seta in each notch. Paraprocts with anterior median apodeme poorly developed; each paraproct with unequal pointed denticles on posterior margin, with dense scales as on sterna and terga (Fig. 107). Each swimming seta of caudalii divided into dark proximal part and colorless delicate distal part (Fig. 101). Ventral and dorsal side of paracercus and lateral sides of cerci in middle part with one or several long pointed denticles on each 2nd segment. DEVELOPING MALE GENITALS: In last larval instar, developing subimaginal gonostyli folded under larval cuticle in �� Nigrobaetis -type�� pose, with 2nd segment bent by convexity medially, and 3rd segment directed caudally (Fig. 116). RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS: Larva is able to make respiratory vibrations by tergalii. Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION: Cuticle with light brown and colorless areas. Head colorless, only antennae slightly tinged with pale brownish. Pronotum with light brown and colorless areas. Mesonotum at most light brownish, medioparapsidal suture colorless, other sutures darkened (Fig. 98). Thoracic pleura with light brown and colorless areas; lateropostnotal crest narrowly colored by dark brown, diffusively bordered by light brown (Fig. 99). Base of wing light brown, other wing cuticle lighter. Legs at most colorless; distal margin of each tarsal segment narrowly bordered by brown. Abdominal terga and sterna slightly colored with light brownish, microtrichiae brown. Cerci colorless. HYPODERMAL COLORATION: As in imago. TEXTURE: On all legs of both sexes last tarsal segment entirely covered by pointed microlepides; other tarsal segments at most part covered by blunt microlepides, apically by pointed microlepides (Table 1). Tarsal spines of subimago and imago. Tarsus of fore leg in male and female without apical spines. Tarsus of middle and hind leg of both sexes with 1 apical spine on initial 3rd tarsomere (next after 1st+2nd tarsomere) (Table 1). Imago, male. COLORATION (Figs 110���113). Head ocher. Turbinate eyes either unicolor dull-orange or ocher-yellowish, or with proximal half darker and distal half lighter. Thorax ocher; mesonotum with pair of anterolateral contrasting dark brown or black stripes bordering mesonotum anteriad of wing bases and including antelateroparapsidal scutal sutures. Wing membrane colorless; veins at most ocher or light brownish, basal parts of veins C, Sc, MA, MP and CuA darkened with brown. Femora of all legs ocher, with brown or reddish subapical band (hypodermal coloration); fore femur also with brown macula apically (Figs 112���113). Tibiae, tarsi and claws of all legs pale ocher. Abdominal segments I���VI colorless, segments VII���X pale yellowish, tergites I���VII with following larger or smaller contrasting reddish or brown markings: tergite I with transverse line bordering posterior margin; tergites II���VII with unpaired median spot near anterior margin and pair of transverse stripes near posterior margin; tergites III, V and VI, besides it, with pair of short oblique stripes on lateral parts. Lateral tracheal trunks and bases of sternal tracheae either colorless, or partly colored by black or brown. In proximal part of cercus, middle part of each segment ocher, area around each segment colorless; distal part of cercus entirely colorless. STRUCTURE. Turbinate eyes with facetted surface wider than stem (Figs 110, 113). Pterostigma with 3���5 oblique veins. Two marginal intercalaries nearly in each space (except few posterior ones), length of most intercalaries less than distance between adjacent longitudinal veins (as in Fig. 32). Hind wing absent. Middle and hind tarsus long (about 0.7 of tibia length), its 1st+2nd segment subequal to 3rd, 4th and 5th segments together (Table 5). Genitals as in Fig. 118: surface between unistyligers striated; gonovectes sharply bent; median sternostyligeral muscle slender, consists of pair of separate bunches, which are convergent V-shaped. Imago, female. COLORATION (Figs 114���115). Head ocher. Thorax ocher; mesonotum without pair of anterolateral dark stripes characteristic for male. Coloration of wing veins as in male, but somewhat darker. Coloration of legs as in male. Abdomen ocher, with contrasting reddish or brown markings arranged as in male. STRUCTURE. Eyes relatively large, elevated above head surface (Figs 114���115). Wing with one marginal intercalary in some spaces and no one marginal intercalary in other spaces; in other respects wing venation as in male. Egg. Oval, 0.1 mm length. Chorion irregularly crumpled, without relief (as in Figs 145, 146). Dimension. Fore wing length: male 4.0��� 4.1 mm; female 4.2 mm. Distribution. Peruvian Amazonia. Comparison. Larva of Cloeodes nigrohumeris sp. n. is similar to C. spaceki by long claws, shape of distal dentiseta of maxilla, widened distal segment of labial palp and cuticular coloration of abdomen; judging by the photo of mature larva ready to molt to subimago (Massariol et al. 2013: Fig, 7), male subimago and imago of C. spaceki has a pair of contrasting dark stripes on mesonotum as in C. nigrohumeris sp. n. Larva of the new species C. nigrohumeris sp. n. differs from C. spaceki by constant presence of reddish hypodermal markings on abdomen (Figs 92���93) and by peculiar subapical seta on dorsal side of glossa (Fig. 108). Tergalius IV of C. spaceki is figured as rounded apically (Massariol et al. 2013: Fig, 42b), while tergalii of C. nigrohumeris sp. n. are pointed (Fig. 122). This difference can be either species-specific, or caused by poor condition of tergalii in the type series of C. spaceki (F.F. Salles, personal communication)., Published as part of Kluge, Nikita J., 2017, Contribution to the knowledge of Cloeodes Traver 1938 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 91-127 in Zootaxa 4319 (1) on pages 114-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/888627, {"references":["Roback, S. S. (1966) The Catherwood Foundation Peruvia-Amazon expedition. VI- Ephemeroptera nymphs. Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 14, 129 - 199.","Massariol, F. C., Lima, L. R. C., Pinheiro, U. D. S., Quieroz, L. L., Oliveira, L. G. & Salles, F. F. (2013) Two-winged Cloeodes in Brazil: New species, stage description, and key to South American species. Journal of Insect Science (Tucson), 13 (Article 60), 1 - 20."]}

Cloeodes inferior Kluge 1991 (Fig. 142) Cloeodes inferior Kluge 1991: 133 (larva, male and female imagoes, eggs). Material examined. Holotype: L-S-I ♂ {specimen [XVIII](2)A1989}: CUBA, Prov. Guamtanamo, Rio Duaba near Baracoa, 20��22'N, 74��32'W, 15.III. 198, coll. N. Kluge. Paratypes: the same locality, 1 L-S-I ♂, 3 L-S-I ♀, 3 L- S ♂, 4 L-S ♀, 14 larvae; Prov. Santiago-de-Cuba, Rio Baconao in Las Yaguas, 20��04'N, 75��34'W, 12.II.1989, coll. N. Kluge: 2 L-S ♂, 1 larva; the same locality, 25.XII.1983, coll. C. Naranjo: 6 larvae; Trinidad mountains (border of provinces Sanctispiritus, Cienfiegos and Santa Clara), 12���18.IV.1989, coll. N. Kluge: 1 larva. Additional descriptions. Larva. Maxillary canines and distal dentiseta stout; distal dentiseta widened, with apex somewhat hooked toward canines (Fig. 142; as in Fig. 8). Other characters as described by Kluge 1991. Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION: as in C. superior (see above). HYPODERMAL COLORATION: As in imago (Kluge 1991). TEXTURE: On all legs of both sexes all tarsal segments entirely covered by pointed microlepides (Table 1). Tarsal spines of subimago and imago. Tarsus of fore leg in female with one apical spine on 3dr tarsomere (in male without apical spines). Tarsus of middle and hind leg of both sexes with 2 apical spines: one sine on 1st+2nd and another spine on initial 3rd tarsomere (Table 1). Other characters of imago as described by Kluge 1991. Dimension. Fore wing length 3.5��� 4 mm. Distribution. Cuba., Published as part of Kluge, Nikita J., 2017, Contribution to the knowledge of Cloeodes Traver 1938 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 91-127 in Zootaxa 4319 (1) on pages 125-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/888627, {"references":["Kluge, N. J. (1991) [Cuban mayflies of the family Baetidae (Ephemeroptera). 1. Genera Callibaetis, Cloeodes and Paracloeodes]. [Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal], 70 (12), 128 - 135. [in Russian with English summary]"]}

Cloeodes auwe Salles et al. 2004 (Figs 126���136) Cloeodes auwe Salles & Batista (in Salles et al.) 2004: 5 (larva); Falcao et al. 2011: 531 (larva); Massariol et al. 2013: 3 (larva, ♂ and ♀ imagoes). Material examined. PERU, Region Loreto: Prov. Maynas, Quebrada El Sabalo (right tributary of Rio Itaya) between Puente Itaya (57 km from Iquitos) and San Joaquin (at Rio Amazon), 4��16'S, 73��27'W, 2.II.2006, coll. N. Kluge: 1 L-S ♀; Prov. Ucayali, Pampa Hermosa, 4��13'S, 75��22'W, 9���21.VIII.2013, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko: 1 L/S ♂, 2 larvae. Descriptions. Larva. Larva has unusual coloration (Falcao et al. 2011: Fig.83), which represents combination of composite cuticular brown makings (Fig. 133���134) and hypodermal reddish and black spots (Fig. 135). Abdominal tergum I without denticles on posterior margin; terga II���X with long spine-like denticles (Fig. 134). All tergalii I���VII sharply widened posteriad, tergalius I also sharply widened anteriad (Fig. 126���132). Other characters as described by Salles et al. 2004, Falcao et al. 2011, Massariol et al. 2013. DEVELOPING MALE GENITALS: In last larval instar, developing subimaginal gonostyli folded under larval cuticle in �� Nigrobaetis -type�� pose, with 2nd segment bent by convexity medially, and 3rd segment directed caudally (Fig. 136). Subimago. TEXTURE: On all legs of both sexes last tarsal segment entirely covered by pointed microlepides; other tarsal segments at most part covered by blunt microlepides, apically by pointed microlepides (Table 1). Tarsal spines of winged stages. Tarsus of fore leg in male and female without apical spines. Tarsus of middle and hind leg of both sexes with 1 apical spine on initial 3rd tarsomere (next after 1st+2nd tarsomere) (Table 1). Other characters of imago are described by Massariol et al. 2013. Dimension. Fore wing length of male 4 mm, of female 5 mm (Massariol et al. 2013). Distribution. Amazonia (Brazil, Peru). Discussion. Massariol et al. (2013) wrote in diagnosis of this species: ���6)... segment I with a circular clear mark at anteromedial region; 7) Spines on posterior margin of tergum I present���. Actually the circular clear mark is present not on the abdominal segment I, but on the segment II; judging by the photo in the same paper, this segment II bears a regular row of long spines on posterior margin, while segment I has no spines (Massariol et al. 2013: Fig. 2). Specimens examined by me also have spines beginning from tergum II, and no spines on tergum I., Published as part of Kluge, Nikita J., 2017, Contribution to the knowledge of Cloeodes Traver 1938 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 91-127 in Zootaxa 4319 (1) on pages 121-122, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4319.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/888627, {"references":["Salles, F. F., Batista, J. D. & Cabette, H. R. S. (2004) Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) de Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brasil: Novos registros e descricao de uma nova especie de Cloeodes Traver. Biota Neotropica, 4 (2), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032004000200004","Falcao, J. N., Salles, F. F. & Hamada, N. (2011) Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) ocorrentes em Roraima, Brasil: novos registros e chaves para generos e especies no estagio ninfal. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 55, 516 - 548. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262011005000048","Massariol, F. C., Lima, L. R. C., Pinheiro, U. D. S., Quieroz, L. L., Oliveira, L. G. & Salles, F. F. (2013) Two-winged Cloeodes in Brazil: New species, stage description, and key to South American species. Journal of Insect Science (Tucson), 13 (Article 60), 1 - 20."]}

Cloeodes boldrinii Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 1 d, 13, 14, 30. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Large body size (> 7.0 mm); B) Body color pattern with distinct darker marks on abdominal terga (Fig. 1 d); C) Labrum, medially, with single long seta (Fig. 13 a); D) Maxillary palp short (around ¾ length of galea-lacinia, Fig. 13 d); E) Inner margin of labial palp segment III subequal to outer margin (Fig. 13 e); F) Distal projection of fore femur long (distinctly exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 14 a, 14 b); G) Gills with medial rib (Fig. 14 e) Nymph. Lengths. Body: 9.0– 9.5 mm; cerci: 4.0 mm; terminal filament: 4.5 mm; antenna: 3.5 mm. Coloration (Fig. 1 d). General coloration yellowish-white profusely washed with dark brown. Head uniformly washed with brown, except below median ocellus. Legs yellowish-brown; tarsus darker. Terga. Segments IV and VIII less pigmented; segment IX with medial less pigmented area; segments II, III and VII sometimes less pigmented, but never as in segments IV and VIII; segments I–IX medially with a longitudinal unpigmented stripe. Sterna as in terga. Filaments yellowish-brown with a subdistal yellowish band. Head. Labrum (Fig. 13 a). Length about 0.7 × maximum width; dorsal arc with single medial seta; ventrally with 8–10 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 13 b, 13 c). Denticles of left mola constricted at base (as in fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 13 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 9–10 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp 3 / 4 length of galea-lacinia; palp segment II 1.3 × length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 13 e). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 15 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with few short setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 4 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 11 setae close to inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 1.0 × length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 6–7 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin subequal to outer margin outer margin; ventrally covered with around 60 long setae; setae on inner margin serrate. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present Fore leg (Fig. 14 a). Ratio 1.8: 1 (1.0mm):1.0: 0.2. Femur. Length about 5 × maximum width; outer margin with row of 11–12 clavate setae (length of setae about 0.1 × maximum width of femur); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 35 spine-like setae; posterior surface with around 25 minute scattered setae near inner margin; distal projection exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 14 b), 0.2 × width of femur, apically with 4 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with many simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle blunt, not extending apex of tibia (Fig. 14 c). Tarsus ventrally with row of 16 + 1 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.2 × length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur, subapical projections of femur less developed length of femoral projection and type of setae on inner apex of tibia (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 14 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments II–X; larger spines on posterior margin 3.0 × longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments IV–IX. Gills (Fig. 14 e). Outer margin serrated on distal 1 / 4; medial rib present; tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I subequal in length to segment II, oval. Gill IV 1 1 / 2 length of segment V, asymmetric, broad at middle. Gill VII 1 1 / 2 length of segment VIII. Paraproct (Fig. 14 f). With around 15 spines. Cercus. With large spines on every two-segments. Terminal filament. With spines on every four segments. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. In honor of Dr. Rafael Boldrini, collector of the material from Santa Catarina (including that new species), friend and mayfly specialist. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southern Brazil, Santa Catarina State, Serra Geral. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on two slides, one with mouth parts, legs and gills, one with abdomen), BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Urubici, Cachoeira Veu de noiva, Perto do Morro da Aeronautica, S 28 °04’ 34.5 ” W 49 ° 31 ’06.9”, 1346 m.a.s.l., 02/x/ 2011, Boldrini R, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES: 14 nymphs (one on slide), same data as holotype (7 CZNC, 4 INPA, 3 MZL).

Cloeodes guara Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 2 a, 15, 16, 30, 31a. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Small body size (Nymph. Lengths. Body: 4.7���4.8 mm; cerci: 2.4 mm; terminal filament: 2.4 mm; antenna: 1.3���1.5 mm. Coloration (Fig. 2 a). General coloration blackish with yellow bands. Head yellowish, darker on gena. Thorax. Pronotum to distal half of wing pad yellow. Legs yellowish-white. Femur washed with black. Hind femur less pigmented. Terga. Segments I to half of IV yellow. Sterna as in terga. Filaments yellowish-white washed with black at base and apex. Head. Labrum (Fig. 15 a). Length about 0.9 �� maximum width; dorsal arc with 2 medial setae; ventrally with 10 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 15 b, 15 c). Denticles of left mola constricted at base (as in Fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 15 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 8 apically pointed setae. Maxillary short (around �� length of galea-lacinia); palp segment II 1.3 �� length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 15 e). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 15 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with apically pointed, fine, simple setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 3 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8 setae close to inner margin; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 4 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin distinctly shorter than outer margin; ventrally covered with around 20 long setae (Fig. 15 e); setae on inner margin simple. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 16 a). Ratio 2: 1 (0.7mm): 1: 0.3. Femur. Length about 6 �� maximum width; outer margin with row of 8 clavate setae (length of setae about 0.1 �� maximum width of femur); submarginal setae present; anterior surface and inner margin with around 30 spine-like setae; posterior surface bare; apex slightly projected (Fig. 16 b), apically with 2 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with few simple setae; inner margin with two simple setae on apex; subtending bristle blunt, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 16 c). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 30 + 1 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.3 �� length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur and type of setae on inner apex of tibia (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 16 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments I���X; larger spines on posterior margin 3.3 �� longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments II���IX. Gills (Fig. 16 e). Outer margin smooth; inner margin smooth; medial rib absent; tracheae pigmented, extending from main trunk to outer margin. Gill I reaching apex of segment III, asymmetrically lanceolate. Gill IV as long as length of segments V to VIII combined, asymmetric, broad at base. Gill VII extending apex of segment X. Paraproct (Fig. 16 f). With 21���25 spines. Cercus. Without large spines. Terminal filament. Without large spines. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. A reference to the Lobo-Guar�� or Maned Wolf [Chrysocyon brachiurus (Illiger, 1815)], the largest canid in South America and one of the symbols of the Santu��rio do Cara��a, where the new species was found. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southeastern Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Serra do Cara��a (part of Serra do Espinha��o), Santu��rio do Cara��a. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on a single slide), BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Serra do Cara��a, Rio Cascatinha, S 20 �� 5 ' 56.71 " W 43 �� 28 ' 8.17 ", 1495 m.a.s.l., 17 /ix/ 2012, Salles FF, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES. 33 nymphs (one on slides), same data as holotype (18 CZNC, 5 MZL, 5 IBN, 5 INPA)., Published as part of Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, L. & Sartori, M., 2015, Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4020 (1) on pages 22-24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289588

Cloeodes aiuruoca Massariol, Angeli & Salles, sp. nov. Figures 1 a, 4 a, 6, 7, 30, 31c. Diagnosis. NYMPH. A) Large body size (> 7.0 mm); B) Body color pattern predominantly uniform (Figs. 1 a, 4 a); C) Labrum, medially, with two long setae (Fig. 6 a); D) Maxillary palp short (around ¾ length of galea-lacinia, Fig. 6 g); E) Inner margin of labial palp segment III distinctly shorter than outer margin (Fig. 6 i); F) Distal projection of fore femur long (distinctly exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 7 a, 7 d); G) Gills with medial rib (Fig. 7 h). Nymph. Lengths. Body: 7.0–10.0 mm; cerci: 3.0– 4.5 mm; terminal filament: 3.0– 4.5 mm; antenna: 2.0– 2.5 mm. Coloration (Figs. 1 a, 4 a). General coloration yellowish-white washed with brown. Head light brown with light yellow narrow longitudinal stripe on whole length of vertex; frons with area between antennal sockets yellowish. Thorax yellowish brown with brownish marks. Fore leg with coxa brown; trochanter yellowish-brown; femur yellowish washed with brown, except at base and apex of anterior surface; tibia and tarsus brown. Abdomen yellowish-brown washed with brown to dark brown with one lighter medial longitudinal stripe; segments II–VIII with yellowish smooth antero-sublateral area; segments VIII and IX eventually lighter. Sterna yellowish-brown. Caudal filaments brown with a yellowish band subdistally. Head. Labrum (Figs. 6 a, 6 b). Length about 0.9 × maximum width; dorsal arc with two medial setae; ventrally with 7–9 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Hypopharynx as in Fig. 6 c. Mandibles (Figs. 6 d, 6 e). Margin between prostheca and mola of left mandible with short spine-like setae (Fig. 6 f); denticles of mola constricted at base (Fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 6 g). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 8 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp short (around ¾ length of galea-lacinia); palp segment II equal to length of segment I. Labium (Figs. 6 h, 6 i, 6 j). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 (ir in Fig. 6 j) and 15 (or in Fig. 6 j) pointed setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with few short setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 4 setae close to inner margin (dia in Fig. 6 j); ventrally with arc of 8–10 setae close to inner margin (via in Fig. 6 j). Labial palp with segment I 0.9 × length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 8 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin distinctly shorter than outer margin; ventrally covered with around 20 long setae; setae on inner margin serrate. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 7 d). Ratio 1.7: 1 (0.8mm): 1: 0.2. Femur. Length about 4.5 × maximum width; outer margin with row of 6–11 clavate setae (Fig. 7 e); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 25 spine-like setae; posterior surface with around 15 scattered setae near inner margin; distal projection exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 7 a), 0.4 × width of femur, apically with 3 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with few simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle blunt, clavate, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 7 f). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 12–17 + 1 spine-like short setae. Tarsal claw. 0.2 × length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs (Figs. 7 b, 7 c). Similar to fore leg, except for subapical projections of femur less developed and type of setae on inner apex of tibia on (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 7 g). Spines present on posterior margins of segments III–X; larger spines on posterior margin of tergum IV 3.2 × longer than wide. Sterna. Spines present on posterior margin of segments IV–IX (segment III rarely with scarce spines). Gills (Figs. 7 h, 7 i). Outer margin serrated on distal 1 / 4; inner margin slightly serrated; medial rib present; few secondary tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I about 3 / 4 length of segment II; truncate. Gill IV 1 1 / 2 length of segment V, asymmetric, broad at middle. Gill VII about 1 1 / 2 length of segment VIII. Paraproct (Fig. 7 j). With 12–14 marginal spines. Cercus. Without large spines. Terminal filament. Without large spines. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. After the type-locality, River Aiuruoca. Distribution. Southeastern Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Serra da Mantiqueira, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia (Fig. 30). Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on a single slide), BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Rio Aiuruoca, S 22 ° 18 ' 31.30 " W 44 ° 42 ' 7.30 ", 1440 m.a.s.l., 07/ix/ 2000, Nessimian, JL, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES. 15 nymphs (three on slides), same data as holotype (5 CZNC, 5 UFRJ, 3 MZL, 2 IBN). Additional material. 7 nymphs, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, Abrigo Rebouças, S 22 ° 23 ' 6.20 " W 44 ° 40 ' 43.40 ", 11 /xi/ 1978, Dos Santos NO and Pereira SM, col. (CZNC). 1 nymph, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, Cachoeira da Maromba, S 22 ° 25 ' 46.10 " W 44 ° 37 ' 9.80 ", 15 /viii/ 1998, Salles FF and Franscischetti CN, col. (CZNC). 15 nymphs, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, primeiro riacho, S 22 ° 22 ' 39.90 " W 44 ° 41 ' 36.80 ", 11 /ix/ 1998, Salles FF, col. (UFRJ). 10 nymphs, BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Rio Aiuruoca, S 22 ° 18 ' 31.30 " W 44 ° 42 ' 7.30 ", 12 /ix/ 1998, Salles FF, col. 57 nymphs, BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Rio Auiruoca, S 22 ° 18 ' 31.30 " W 44 ° 42 ' 7.30 ", 07/ix/ 2000, Salles, F.F., col. (UFRJ). 34 nymphs, BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Rio Aiuruoca, S 22 ° 18 ' 31.30 " W 44 ° 42 ' 7.30 ", 08/ix/ 2000, Assis JCF, Oliveira ALH and Passos MI, col. (CZNC).

Cloeodes lucifer Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 2 c, 4 c, 19, 20, 30, 31b. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Small body size (Nymph. Lengths. Body: 4.4 mm; cerci: 2.2 mm; terminal filament: 2.2 mm; antenna: 2.2 mm. Coloration (Figs. 2 c, 4 c). General coloration gray. Head yellowish-white, slightly washed with gray. Legs whitish. Terga. Segment I bright yellow; segments IX and X blackish. Sterna whitish; segments VI���VIII slightly washed with gray; segment IX heavily washed with gray. Filaments whitish. Head. Labrum (Fig. 19 a). Length about 0.7 �� maximum width; dorsal arc with single medial seta; ventrally with 8���9 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 19 b, 19 c). Denticles of left mola not constricted. Maxilla (Fig. 19 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 6 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp reaching apex of galea-lacinia; palp segment II 2.3 �� length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 19 e). Base of glossa poorly expanded (reaching less than 1 / 3 of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 18 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with apically pointed, fine, simple setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 5 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8���10 setae close to inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.8 �� length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 5���6 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin distinctly shorter than outer margin; ventrally covered with around 15 long setae (Fig. 19 e); setae on inner margin simple. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 20 a). Ratio 1.7: 1 (0.7mm): 1.1: 0.3. Femur. Length about 5.5 �� maximum width; outer margin with row of 12���14 clavate setae (length of setae about 0.1 �� maximum width of femur); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 20 spine-like setae; posterior surface with around 5 scattered setae near inner margin; apex slightly projected (Fig. 20 b), apically with 2 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with few simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle blunt, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 20 c). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 20 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.4 �� length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur. Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 20 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments II���X; larger spines on posterior margin 2.4 �� longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments V���IX. Gills (Fig. 20 e). Outer margin smooth; inner margin smooth; medial rib absent; tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I reaching apex of segment III, asymmetrically lanceolate. Gill IV reaching distal margin of segment V, asymmetric, broad at middle, pointed at apex. Gill VII extending apex of segment X. Paraproct (Fig. 20 f). With around 18 spines. Cercus. With large spines on every four segments. Terminal filament. Without large spines. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. Lucifer, light-bringing in Latin. An allusion to the bright yellow coloration of abdominal terga I, which seems to be lighten. Distribution (Fig. 30). Northeastern Brazil, Bahia State, Chapada Diamantina (part of Serra do Espinha��o), Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on a single slide), BRAZIL, Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina, trilha para a Cachoeira da Fuma��a, S 12 �� 36 ' 12.4 " W 41 �� 27 ' 58.8 ", 1317 m.a.s.l., 11 /v/ 2014, Salles FF and Nascimento JMC, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES: 12 nymphs (one on slides), same data as holotype (6 CZNC, 3 INPA, 3 IBN); 20 nymphs, sama data as holotype, except for 02/ix/ 2015, Salles FF, Paresque R, Monjardim M, Barbosa T, col. (10 CZNC, 10 MZL)., Published as part of Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, L. & Sartori, M., 2015, Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4020 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289588

Cloeodes tracheatus Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 3 c, 4 d, 25, 26, 30, 31d. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Small body size (c.a. 5.0 mm); B) Body color without marks, gray anteriorly and darker posteriorly (Figs. 3 c, 4 b); C) Labrum, medially, with two long setae (Fig. 25 a); D) Maxillary palp short (�� length of galea-lacinia) (Fig. 25 d); E) Inner margin of labial palp segment III distinctly shorter than outer margin (Fig. 25 e); F) Distal projection of fore femur short (not exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 26 a, 26 b); G) Gills extensively tracheated (Fig. 26 e). Nymph (nearly mature). Lengths. Body: 5 mm; cerci: 2.5 mm; terminal filament: 2.5 mm; antenna: 1.5mm. Coloration (Figs. 3 c, 4 d). General coloration gray. Head whitish washed with gray, except on frons. Legs whitish washed with gray. Terga. Blackish on segments III���X. Sterna. Uniformly washed with gray on segments I��� III, and blackish on segments IV���IX. Filaments slightly washed with dark brown at base, blackish at apex. Head. Labrum (Fig. 25 a). Length about 0.6 �� maximum width; dorsal arc with 2 medial setae; ventrally with 6���8 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 25 b, 25 c). Denticles of mola not constricted. Maxilla (Fig. 25 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 7 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp short, 3 / 4 length of galea-lacinia; palp segment II equal to length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 25 e). Base of glossa poorly expanded (reaching less than 1 / 3 of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 15 and 12 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with apically pointed, fine, simple setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 3 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8���10 setae close to inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.9 �� length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 5 setae; segment III with distal margin rounded; inner margin distinctly shorter than outer margin; ventrally covered with around 20 long setae (Fig. 25 e); setae on inner margin simple. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 26 a). Ratio 1.7: 1 (0.6mm): 1.2: 0.5. Femur. Length about 5 �� maximum width; outer margin with row of 8���10 apically pointed setae (length of setae about 0.1 �� maximum width of femur); submarginal setae present; anterior surface and inner margin with around 33���38 curved spine-like setae; posterior surface with row of around 6 scattered setae near inner margin; distal projection short, not exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 26 b), apically with 3 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with few simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle blunt, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 26 c). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 24 + 1 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.4 �� length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur. Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 26 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments I���X; larger spines on posterior margin 4.9 �� longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments III���IX. Gills (Fig. 26 e). Outer margin smooth; inner margin smooth; medial rib present (weak); tracheae profusely extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I reaching half of segment IV, asymmetrically lanceolate. Gill IV as long as length of segments V to VII combined, asymmetric, broad at base. Gill VII extending apex of segment X. Paraproct (Fig. 26 f). With 15���17 spines. Cercus. Distal half with large spines on every two-segments. Terminal filament. Without large spines. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. An allusion to the unusual amount of trachea present on the gills of the species. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southeastern Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Serra do Intendente (part of Serra do Espinha��o), Parque Estadual da Serra do Intendente. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on a single slide), BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Concei����o do Mato Dentro, Serra do Intendente, Rio Peixe Tolo, S 19 �� 0��� 14.40 ��� W 43 �� 36 ���45.00���, 731 m. a.s.l., 08���09/ix/ 2012, Salles FF, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES. 7 nymphs (two on slides), same data as holotype (4 CZNC, 3 DZRJ)., Published as part of Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, L. & Sartori, M., 2015, Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4020 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289588

Cloeodes xyrognathos Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 3 d, 5 c, 5 d, 27, 28, 29, 30. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Large body size (> 7.0 mm); B) Body color pattern with distinct darker marks on abdominal terga (Fig. 3 d); C) Labrum, medially, with many setae (Fig. 27 a); D) Incisors blade-like (Figs. 27 b, 27 c); E) Maxillary palp as long as length of galea-lacinia (Fig. 27 d); F) Inner margin of labial palp segment III subequal to outer margin (Fig. 27 e); G) Distal projection of fore femur short (not exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 28 a, 28 b); H) Gills with medial rib (Fig. 28 e). MALE IMAGO. A) Intercalary veins on fore wing approximately 0.6, 0.9 �� the width of corresponding space (Fig. 29 a); B) Hind wing present, with three longitudinal veins (Figs. 29 b, 29 c); C) Terga yellowish washed heavily with brown (Fig. 5 c). Nymph. Lengths. Body: 8.0��� 8.5 mm; cerci: 4���4.5 mm; terminal filament: 3.0 mm. Coloration (Fig. 3 d). General coloration yellowish-white washed with brown to dark brown. Head with frons with area between antennal sockets yellowish. Thorax yellowish-brown with brownish marks. Fore leg, outer margin of femur and tibia washed with brown; tarsus profusely washed with brown. Abdomen with one lighter medial longitudinal stripe; segments I, II, VI and X profusely washed with brown; sterna yellowish white. Caudal filaments yellowish-brown with apex brown. Males lighter than female. Head. Labrum (Fig. 27 a). Trapezoidal; length about 0.5 �� maximum width; dorsal arc with 18 continuous long setae; ventrally with 12���14 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 27 b, 27 c). Margin between prostheca and mola with short spine-like setae. Incisors bladelike; denticles of mola constricted at base (as in fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 27 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 8 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp reaching apex of galea-lacinia; palp segment II 1.1 �� length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 27 e). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 12 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with few short setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 3 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8���10 setae close to inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 1.2 �� length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 8 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin subequal to outer margin; ventrally covered with around 45 long setae (Fig. 27 e); setae on inner margin serrate. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 28 a). Ratio 1.5: 1 (1.0 mm): 0.9: 0.2. Femur. Length about 4.2 �� maximum width; outer margin with row of 14���17 clavate setae (length of setae about 0.09 �� maximum width of femur); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 30 spine-like setae; posterior surface with around 20 scattered serrated setae near inner margin; distal projection short, not exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 28 b), apically with 4 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with few simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle clavate, serrated, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 28 c). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 27 + 1 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.2 �� length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur and type of setae on inner apex of tibia (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 28 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments III���X; larger spines on posterior margin 2.0 �� longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments IV���IX. Gills (Fig. 28 e). Outer margin serrated on distal 1 / 4; inner margin slightly serrated; medial rib present (weak); tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I subequal in length to segment II, oval. Gill IV little longer than length of segments V and VI combined, asymmetric, broad at middle. Gill VII little longer than length of segment VIII. Paraproct (Fig. 28 f). With around 18 spines. Cercus. Without large spines. Terminal filament. Without large spines. Male imago. Lengths. Body: 7.6 mm; fore wing: 8.3 mm; hind wing: 1.3 mm; tibia I: 2.6 mm; tibia II: 1.4 mm; tibia III: 1.3 mm; caudal filaments: broken. Coloration (Fig. 5 c). Head yellowish washed with brown. Turbinate portion of compound eyes orange dorsally, stalk dark orange (Fig. 5 c). Antenna translucent brown. Pro, meso and metanotum dark brown except for scutellum, lighter. Leg I: yellowish, femur with subapical orange band. Fore wing hyaline. Longitudinal and cross veins brown. Hind wing hyaline, veins light brown. Terga. Yellowish washed heavily with brown. Segment I dark brown. Segment II ���VIII with dark brown marks medially and posterolaterally. Segments IX ���X brown. Sterna. Yellowish washed brown, darker on lateral margins and with unpigmented area around sigilla. Forceps brown, lighter toward apex. Head. Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes oblong; length 1.6 �� width; stalk height 0.5 �� width of dorsal portion; inner margins parallel, close to each other. Thorax. Anteronotal protuberance rounded. Metascutellar protuberance poorly developed, almost imperceptible. Legs. Leg I: tibia 1.4 �� length of femur; tarsi 1.4 �� length of femur. Legs II and III: tibia 0.9 �� length of femur; tarsi 0.5 �� length of femur. Fore wing (Fig. 29 a) with stigmatic area with 6 cross veins touching Sc and 2 veins not touching Sc. Marginal intercalaries paired, except between veins R 1 -R 2 and ICu 1 -ICu 2 and ICu 2 -CuP, single and between veins Sc-R 1 and CuP-A absent; length of each intercalary vein 0.9 and 0.6 �� distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of fore wing about 2.5 �� width. Hind wing (Figs. 29 b, 29 c) present, with 3 complete longitudinal veins; costal process hooked, broad, located on basal third. Abdomen. Genitalia (Fig. 29 d). Forceps segment I sub-rectangular; 0.5 �� length of segment II; wider than segment II, margins parallel. Forceps segment III oval, 1.5 �� as long as wide; 0.2 �� length of segments I and II combined. Posterior margin of subgenital plate rounded. Female imago. Lengths. Body: 7.0 mm; fore wing: broken; hind wing: broken; tibia II: 1.2 mm; tibia III: 1.3 mm; caudal filaments: broken. Coloration (Fig. 5 d). Similar to male imago, except for: lighter general coloration; presence of a longitudinal brownish stripe on mesoscutum; wing membrane translucent brown, cross veins darker. Leg II: tibia 0.8 �� length of femur; tarsi 0.5 �� length of femur. Leg III: tibia 0.9 �� length of femur; tarsi 0.5 �� length of femur. Fore wing with stigmatic area with 6 cross veins touching Sc and 2 veins not touching Sc. Marginal intercalaries paired, except between veins ICu 1 -ICu 2 single and between veins Sc-R 1 and ICu 2 -A absent; intercalating one long/one short, one short/one long; length of each intercalary vein 1.0 and 0.6 �� distance between adjacent longitudinal veins. Hind wing present; with 3 complete longitudinal veins; costal process hooked, located on basal third. Etymology. From the Greek words xyro, blade-like, and gnatho, jaw. An allusion to the shape of mandibular incisors. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southern Brazil, Santa Catarina State, Serra Geral. Ontogenetic stage association. Rearing. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Male imago (with corresponding nymphal exuvia), wings and exuvia on two slides, one with dissected exuvia, one with wings, BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Urubici, Cachoeira V��u de noiva, Perto do Morro da Aeron��utica, S 28 ��04��� 34.5 ��� W 49 �� 31 ���06.9���, 1346 m.a.s.l., 02/x/ 2011, Boldrini R, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES. 25 nymphs (one on slide), female imago with corresponding wings and nymphal exuvia (on slides) and male imago with corresponding nymphal exuvia, same data as holotype (10 CZNC, 10 INPA, 5 MZL)., Published as part of Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, L. & Sartori, M., 2015, Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4020 (1) on pages 40-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289588

Cloeodes ioachimi Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 2 b, 17, 18, 30. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Body color pattern with inconspicuous marks on abdominal terga (Fig. 2 b); B) Labrum, medially, with single long seta (Fig. 17 a); C) Maxillary palp as long as length of galea-lacinia (Fig. 17 d); D) Inner margin of labial palp segment III distinctly shorter than outer margin (Fig. 17 e); E) Distal projection of fore femur long (distinctly exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 18 a, 18 b); F) Gills without medial rib (Fig. 18 e). Nymph (nearly mature). Lengths. Body: 5.8 mm; cerci: 1.9 mm; terminal filament: 1.9 mm; antenna: 2.2 mm. Coloration (Fig. 2 b). General coloration yellowish brown. Head yellowish-white, slightly washed with brown except on frons. Legs yellowish-white washed with gray on apex of femur, base of tibia and tarsus. Terga. Segments III, V and VI with central blackish irregular mark. Sterna yellowish-white. Filaments yellowish-white with a brownish apical band. Head. Labrum (Fig. 17 a). Length about 0.7 �� maximum width; dorsal arc with single medial seta; ventrally with 8���13 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 17 b, 17 c). Denticles of mola constricted at base (as in fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 17 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 6 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp reaching apex of galea-lacinia; palp segment II 1.2 �� length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 17 e). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 12 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with few short setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 3 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8���10 setae close to inner margin; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 6���8 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin distinctly shorter than outer margin; ventrally covered with around 45 long setae (Fig. 17 e); setae on inner margin serrate. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 18 a). Ratio 1.6: 1 (0.8mm): 1: 0.2. Femur. Length about 4.8 �� maximum width; outer margin with row of 11���12 clavate setae (length of setae about 0.2 �� maximum width of femur); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 30 spine-like setae; posterior surface with around 15 scattered setae near inner margin; distal projection exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 18 b), 0.2 �� width of femur, apically with 2 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with few simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle blunt, clavate, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 18 c). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 14 + 1 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.3 �� length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur, subapical projections of femur less developed and type of setae on inner apex of tibia (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 18 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments II���X; larger spines on posterior margin 3.8 �� longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments: IV���IX (segment III with scarce spines). Gills (Fig. 18 e). Outer margin serrated on distal 1 / 4; inner margin slightly serrated; medial rib absent; tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I about 3 / 4 length of segment II, oval. Gill IV reaching apex of segment VI, asymmetric, broad at middle. Gill VII as long as length of segments VIII to IX. Paraproct (Fig. 18 f). With 12���14 spines. Cercus. With large spines on every two-segments. Terminal filament. Without large spines. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. After Joaquim de Lima Salles, beloved son of Frederico Salles and Marcela Lima. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southeastern Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Serra do Trov��o (part of Serra do Espinha��o). Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on two slides, one with mouth parts, legs and gills, one with abdomen), BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, Lavras Novas, S 20 �� 28 ' 55.13 " W 43 �� 31 ' 27.58 ", 1276 m.a.s.l., 18 /viii/ 2012, Salles FF, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES. 11 nymphs (two on slides), same data as holotype (6 CZNC, 3 MZL, 2 IBN)., Published as part of Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, L. & Sartori, M., 2015, Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4020 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289588

Cloeodes amantykyra Angeli, Massariol & Salles, sp. nov. Figures 1 b, 5 a, 5 b, 8, 9, 10, 30. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Large body size (> 7.0 mm); B) Body color pattern with distinct darker marks on abdominal terga (Fig. 1 b); C) Labrum, medially, with two long setae (Fig. 8 a); D) Maxillary palp as long as length of galea-lacinia (Fig. 8 f); E) Inner margin of labial palp segment III subequal to outer margin (Fig. 8 g); F) Distal projection of fore femur long (distinctly exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 9 a, 9 d); G) Gills without medial rib (Fig. 9 h); H) Terga with spines present on posterior margins of segments I���X, larger spines on posterior margin 2.7 �� longer than wide (Fig. 9 g). MALE IMAGO. A) Intercalary veins on fore wing approximately 0.4 �� the width of corresponding space (Fig. 10 a); B) Hind wing present, with two longitudinal veins (Figs. 10 b, 10 c); C) Terga III ���VII with median dark brown irregular marks and sterna II ���VII with antero-lateral dark brown stripe (Fig. 5 a). Nymph. Lengths. Body: 7.0���10.0 mm; cerci: 3.0��� 3.5 mm; terminal filament: 3.0��� 3.5 mm; antenna: 2.0���3.0 mm. Coloration (Fig. 1 b). General coloration yellowish-white. Head with vertex light brown; frons with dark brown stripe extending lateral ocellus and almost reaching base of clipeus. Thorax yellowish-white washed with light brown. Fore leg, coxa yellowish-white washed with dark brown on outer margin; femur with central and subapical brownish band; tibia washed with light brown; tarsus with outer half of dorsal surface dark brown. Abdomen with segments I���IV with submedial triangular to roundish brown mark; segments V, VI and X almost completely washed with brown. Caudal filaments brown, darker toward apex except for a yellowish subapical band. Head. Labrum (Figs. 8 a, 8 b). Length about 0.6 �� maximum width; dorsal arc with 2 medial long setae; ventrally with 5���12 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Hypopharynx. As in Fig. 8 c. Mandibles (Figs. 8 d, 8 e). Denticles of left mola constricted at base (as in fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 8 f). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 8 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp reaching apex of galea-lacinia; palp segment II 1.4 �� length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 8 g). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 12 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with few short setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 3 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8���10 setae close to inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.8 �� length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 6���7 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin subequal to outer margin; ventrally covered with around 30 apically pointed setae; setae on inner margin serrate. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 9 d). Ratio 1.8: 1 (0.6mm): 1.2: 0.3. Femur. Length about 4 �� maximum width; outer margin with row of 14 clavate setae (length of setae about 0.1 �� maximum width of femur) (Fig. 9 e); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 35 simple, spine-like tiny setae; posterior surface with around 40 scattered setae near inner margin; distal projection exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 9 a), 0.2 �� width of femur, apically with 2 clavate setae (Fig. 9 a). Tibia. Outer margin with many simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle blunt, clavate, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 9 f). Tarsus ventrally with row of 14 + 1 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.3 �� length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs (Figs. 9 b, 9 c). Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface, subapical projections of femur less developed and type of setae on inner apex of tibia (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 9 g). With spines present on posterior margins of segments I���X; larger spines on posterior margin 2.7 �� longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments IV���IX. Gills (Figs. 9 h, 9 i). Outer margin serrated on distal 1 / 4; inner margin slightly serrated; medial rib absent; tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I about 1 / 2 length of segment II, oval. Gill IV 1 1 / 2 length of segment V, asymmetric, broad at middle (Fig. 9 h). Gill VII about 1 1 / 2 length of segment VIII. Paraproct (Fig. 9 j). With 12���14 spines. Cercus. With large spines on every two-segments. Terminal filament. Without large spines. Male imago. Lengths. Body: 7.0 mm; fore wing: 7.0 mm; hind wing: 1.2 mm; caudal filaments: broken. Coloration (Figs. 5 a, 5 b). Head yellowish washed with brown. Turbinate portion of compound eye orange dorsally, stalk dark orange (Figs. 5 a, 5 b). Antenna brown. Pro, meso and metanotum dark brown except for scutellum, lighter. Mid leg: Coxa brown; trocanter, femur, tibia and tarsus yellowish white, apex of tibia orangish. Fore wing hyaline, except between C and R 1 opaque. Longitudinal veins brown except for CuP and A, yellowish, cross veins between C and MA 1 dark brown, others light brown to yellowish. Point where C meets Sc with dark brown mark. Hind wing hyaline, veins brown. Terga (Fig. 5 a). Light brown. Segment I dark brown. Segment III ���VII with median dark brown irregular marks. Segments VIII ���X brown. Tracheation dark brown (Fig. 5 a). Sterna. Light brown. Segments II ���VII with antero-lateral dark brown stripe. Segments VIII ���IX with posteromedial brown mark. Forceps brown, lighter toward apex. Head. Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes oblong (Fig. 5 b); length 1.3 �� width; stalk height 0.6 �� width of dorsal portion; inner margins parallel, close to each other. Thorax. Anteronotal protuberance rounded (Fig. 5 a). Metascutellar protuberance poorly developed (Fig. 5 a). Legs. Mid leg: tibia 0.9 �� length of femur; tarsi 0.7 �� length of femur. Fore and hind legs broken, missing. Fore wing (Fig. 10 a) Stigmatic area with 4 cross veins touching Sc and 1 vein not touching Sc. Marginal intercalaries paired, except between veins R 1 -R 2 and ICu 1 -ICu 2 single and between veins Sc-R 1 and ICu 2 -A absent; between IMA and CuP intercalating one long/one short, one short/one long; length of each intercalary vein 0.4 and 0.3 �� distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of fore wing about 2.6 �� width. Hind wing (Figs. 10 b, 10 c) present, with 2 complete longitudinal veins; costal process hooked, located on basal third. Abdomen. Genitalia (Fig. 10 d). Forceps segment I 0.6 �� length of segment II, wider than segment II, margins parallel. Forceps segment III oval, 1.1 �� as long as wide; 0.1 �� length of segments I and II combined. Posterior margin of subgenital plate rounded. Female imago. Unknown. Etymology. From the tupi language words amana (rain) and tykyra (drop). An allusion to the type-locality of the new species, Serra da Mantiqueira, whose name is also derived from these two words. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southeastern Brazil, S��o Paulo State, Serra da Mantiqueira, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jord��o. Ontogenetic stage association. Rearing. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Male imago (with corresponding nymphal exuvia); wings, mid leg, genitalia, and exuvia on four slides (two with wings, one with genitalia, one with dissected nymph), BRAZIL, S��o Paulo, Campos do Jord��o, Parque Estadual de Campos do Jord��o, C��rrego Galharada, S 22 �� 41 ��� 35.7 ��� W 45 �� 27 ��� 38.6 ���, 1512 m.a.s.l., 27���28 /iii/ 2010, Brito PV and Salles FF, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES. Male imago with corresponding nymphal exuvia (CZNC) and 27 nymphs (two on slides), same data as holotype (20 CZNC, 4 MZL, 3 IBN)., Published as part of Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, L. & Sartori, M., 2015, Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4020 (1) on pages 8-15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289588

Cloeodes atlanticus Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 1 c, 11, 12, 30. Diagnosis. NYMPH. A) Large body size (> 7.0 mm); B) Body color pattern with distinct darker marks on abdominal terga (Fig. 1 c); C) Labrum, medially, with 2 to 3 long setae (Fig. 11 a); D) Maxillary palp as long as length of galea-lacinia (Fig. 11 d); E) Inner margin of labial palp segment III subequal to outer margin (Fig. 11 e); F) Distal projection of fore femur long (distinctly exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 12 a, 12 b); G) Gills without medial rib (Fig. 12 e); H) Terga with spines present on posterior margin of segments II���X, larger spines on posterior margin 5 �� longer than wide (Fig. 12 d). Nymph. Lengths. Body: 8.2 mm; cerci: 3.5 mm; terminal filament: 3.5 mm. Coloration (Fig. 1 c). General coloration yellowish-white profusely washed with dark brown. Head yellowishwhite almost completely washed with brown. Legs yellowish-white almost completely washed with brown. Terga. Segments IV and VIII less pigmented; segment IX with a medial less pigmented area; segments II, III and VII sometimes less pigmented, but never as in segments IV and VIII; segments I���IX medially with a longitudinal unpigmented stripe. Sterna yellowish-white; segments VI���IX washed with brown. Filaments brown, apex broken. Head. Labrum (Fig. 11 a). Length about 0.6 �� maximum width; dorsal arc with 2 to 3 long medial setae; ventrally with 10 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 11 b, 11 c). Denticles of left mola constricted at base (as in fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 11 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 9 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp reaching apex of galea-lacinia; palp segment II 1.6 �� length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 11 e). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 12 setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with few short setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 5 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8���10 setae close to inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.9 �� length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 6���7 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin subequal to outer margin; ventrally covered with around 30 long setae; setae on inner margin serrate. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 12 a); Ratio 1.6: 1 (0.8mm): 1: 0.2. Femur. Length about 4 �� maximum width; outer margin with row of 11���12 blunt, clavate setae (length of setae about 0.1 �� maximum width of femur); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 35 simple spine-like setae; posterior surface with around 25 minute scattered setae near inner margin; distal projection exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 12 b), 0.2 �� width of femur, apically with 2 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with many simple setae; inner margin with two serrate setae on apex; subtending bristle clavate, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 12 c). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 14 + 1 spinelike setae. Tarsal claw. 0.2 �� length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur, subapical projections of femur less developed and type of setae on inner apex of tibia (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 12 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments II���X; larger spines on posterior margin 5 �� longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments: IV���IX. Gills (Fig. 12 e). Outer margin serrated on distal 1 / 4; inner margin slightly serrated; medial rib absent; tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I about 3 / 4 length of segment II, oval. Gill IV reaching apex of segment VI, asymmetric, broad at middle. Gill VII reaching 1 / 2 of segment IX. Paraproct (Fig. 12 f). With 12���14 spines. Cercus. With large spines on every four segments at base and on every two segments toward apex. Terminal filament. With spines on every four segments. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. Reference to Atlantic Forest, one of the World's hotspot and the biome where several of the new species described herein were found. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southern Brazil, Paran�� State, Serra Geral. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on two slides, one with mouth parts, legs and gills, one with abdomen), BRAZIL, Paran��, Mangueirinha, Afluente do Rio Marreco, S 26 ��00'04.3" W 52 ��08' 15.4 ", 817 m. a.s.l., 14 /ix/ 2011, Pes A, Cruz P, Boldrini R and Hamada N, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES: 5 nymphs (two on slides), same data as holotype (2 CZNC, 3 INPA)., Published as part of Salles, F. F., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Lima, M. M., Gattolliat, L. & Sartori, M., 2015, Revealing the diversity of Cloeodes Traver, 1938 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in the Neotropics: description of eleven new species from Brazilian mountain ranges, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 4020 (1) on pages 16-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289588

Cloeodes magnus Salles, Massariol & Angeli, sp. nov. Figures 2 d, 21, 22, 30. Diagnoses. NYMPH. A) Large body size (> 7.0 mm); B) Body color pattern with distinct darker marks on abdominal terga (Fig. 2 d); C) Labrum, medially, with two long setae (Fig. 21 a); D) Maxillary palp short (¾ length of galea-lacinia, Fig. 21 d); E) Inner margin of labial palp segment III subequal to margin (Fig. 21 e); F) Distal projection of fore femur short (not exceeding apex of femur, Figs. 22 a, 22 b); G) Gills without medial rib (Fig. 22 e). Nymph (nearly mature). Lengths. Body: 10.4 –12.0 mm; cerci: 3.9 mm; terminal filament: 3.9 mm; antenna: 3.0. Coloration (Fig. 2 d). General coloration yellowish-white profusely washed with dark brown. Head yellowish washed with brown, except around lateral ocellus and below median ocellus. Legs yellowish washed with brown, except for two unpigmented stripes close to inner margin of femur; tarsus darker. Terga. Segments IV and VIII less pigmented; segment IX with a medial less pigmented area; segments II, III and VII sometimes less pigmented, but never as in segments IV and VIII; segments I–IX medially with a longitudinal unpigmented stripe. Sterna yellowish washed with brown, darker on segments VII–IX; segments III–IX with a sublateral brown stripe. Filaments yellowish-white washed with brown on basal half and washed with dark brown on apical ¼. Head. Labrum (Fig. 21 a). Length about 0.6 × maximum width; dorsal arc with 2 medial setae; ventrally with 5–6 spine-like setae near lateral margin. Mandibles (Figs. 21 b, 21 c). Denticles of mola constricted at base (as in fig. 6 f). Maxilla (Fig. 21 d). Medially with 1 spine-like seta + 9 apically pointed setae. Maxillary palp short (¾ length of galea-lacinia, Fig. 21 d); palp segment II 2.0 × length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 21 e). Base of glossa expanded (reaching at least half of paraglossa); inner and outer margin respectively with around 20 and 15 spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface scattered with few short setae at base. Paraglossa dorsally with arc of 3 setae close to inner margin; ventrally with arc of 8–10 setae close to inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.9 × length of segments II and III combined; segment II dorsally with oblique row of 5 setae; segment III with distal margin slightly truncate; inner margin subequal to outer margin; ventrally covered with around 30 long setae (Fig. 21 e); setae on inner margin serrate. Thorax. Hind wing pad. Present. Fore leg (Fig. 22 a). Ratio 1.8: 1 (0.8mm): 1: 0.2. Femur. Length about 4.5 × maximum width; outer margin with row of 11–12 blunt, clavate setae (length of setae about 0.1 × maximum width of femur); submarginal setae absent; anterior surface and inner margin with around 40 spine-like setae; posterior surface bare; distal projection distinct, but not exceeding apex of femur (Fig. 22 b), 0.1 × width of femur, apically with 3 clavate setae. Tibia. Outer margin with many simple setae; inner margin with one simple seta on apex; subtending bristle blunt, clavate, extending apex of tibia (Fig. 22 c). Tarsus. Inner margin with row of 14 + 1 spine-like setae. Tarsal claw. 0.3 × length of tarsus. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for the lower number of setae on anterior surface of femur, subapical projections of femur less developed and type of setae on inner apex of tibia (simple instead of serrate). Abdomen. Terga (Fig. 22 d). With spines present on posterior margin of segments I–X; large spines intercalated by short spines, larger spines 4.9 × longer than wide. Sterna. With spines present on posterior margin of segments IV–IX. Gills (Fig. 22 e). Outer margin serrated on distal 1 / 4; inner margin slightly serrated; medial rib absent; tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I subequal in length to segment II, oval. Gill IV reaching 1 / 2 of segment VI, asymmetric, broad at middle. Gill VII reaching 1 / 2 of segment IX. Paraproct (Fig. 22 f). With 12–14 spines. Cercus. With large spines on every four segments at base and on every two segments toward apex. Terminal filament. With spines on every four segments. Male and female imago. Unknown. Etymology. Magnus, great in Latin. Reference to the size of the species, so far the largest among Cloeodes. Distribution (Fig. 30). Southern Brazil, Santa Catarina State, Serra Geral. Type-material. HOLOTYPE. Nymph (on two slides, one with mouth parts, legs and gills, one with abdomen), BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Urubici, Cachoeira do Avencal, S 28 °02’ 55.1 ” W 49 ° 37 ’00.0”, 1220 m.a.s.l., 02/x/ 2011, Boldrini R, col. (CZNC). PARATYPES. 5 nymphs, same data as holotype (3 CZNC, 2 INPA).

Cloeodes irvingi Waltz & McCafferty, 1987 (Figs. 1���17) Diagnosis. Nymph: 1) antenna about 1.5 �� length of head capsule; 2) labrum with dorsal arc of setae composed of 2 + 0 + 2 long, spine-like setae (Fig. 6); 3) segment III of labial palp subquadrangular (Fig. 11); 4) fore femur with apex not projected, with 2 blunt setae (Fig. 13); 5) tarsal claw 0.4 �� length of tarsi; 6) abdominal segments I���II brown with blackish transversal mark on the posterior margin; segments III, V���VII and IX���X brown with whitish marks (Fig. 5); 7) paraproct with 10���13 marginal spines (Fig. 17); 8) caudal filaments with posterior margin of segments with short spines on each segment and long spines on every four segments. Male imago: 1) turbinate eyes with inner margins parallel (Fig. 1); 2) abdominal terga I���II brown with blackish transversal mark on the posterior margin; segments III, V���VII and IX���X brown with whitish marks; 3) marginal intercalary veins paired, except between veins ICu 1 ���ICu 2, ICu 2 ���CuP single, and between Sc���R 1 and CuP���A absent (Fig. 2); 4) segment II of forceps with medial constriction (Fig. 4); 5) segment III of forceps elongated; 6) posterior margin of subgenital plate rounded. Descriptions. Male imago: Length. Body: 3.3���4.2 mm; antenna: 0.7���0.8 mm; fore wing: 3.8 mm; tibia I: 1.6 mm; tibia II: 0.7 mm; tibia III: 0.6 mm; caudal filament: broken off. Head (Fig. 1). Brownish. Turbinate portion of compound eyes dorsally dark brown, stalk reddish brown. Antennae light brown. Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes oblong; length 1.6 �� width; stalk height 0.8 �� length of dorsal portion; inner margins parallel (Fig. 1). Thorax (Fig. 1). General coloration brown. Metanotum with grayish margins. Anteronotal protuberance rounded. Metascutellar protuberance pointed and projected dorsally. Legs. General coloration translucent brown; all femora with transversal blackish mark. Leg I: tibia 2.7 �� length of femur; tarsi 2.5 �� length of femur and four segments decreasing on length apically. Leg II: 1.4 �� tibia length of femur, tarsi 0.8 �� length of femur. Leg III: tibia 1.0 �� length of femur, tarsi 0.8 �� length of femur. Fore wing (Fig. 2). Membrane hyaline. Longitudinal and cross-veins pale yellow. Stigmatic area with four cross veins touching subcostal vein. Marginal intercalary veins paired, except between veins ICu 1 ���ICu 2 and ICu 2 ���CuPsingle, and between Sc���R 1 and CuP���A absent; length of each intercalary vein between IMA and IMA 2 0.5 �� distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of fore wing about 2.3 �� width. Hind wing present (Fig. 3). Membrane hyaline; veins pale yellow; with 2 complete longitudinal veins. Costal process hooked; located on basal third. Abdomen (Fig. 1). Tergum I brown; terga with segments II ���VI whitish translucent and VII ���X brown. Tergum I with transversal blackish line on posterior margin; terga II and IV���VII with blackish line interrupted at middle on posterior margin. Tergum IV with medio-postero transversal spots. Tracheation blackish. Sterna with segments II ���VI whitish translucent, I and VII ���X light brown. Genitalia (Fig. 4). Light brown. Forceps segment I subrectangular; 0.3 �� length of segment II; distance between the base of forceps 0.3 �� distance between lateral margins of forceps. Segment II of forceps with medial constriction; inner margin undulated. Forceps segment III 1.7 �� longer than wide, 0.1 �� length of segment II. Posterior margin of subgenital plate rounded. Nymph: Length. Body: 4.1���5.5 mm; antenna: 1.3���1.6 mm; cerci: 1.0��� 1.2; terminal filament: 1.3���1.5. Head. Light brown with a narrow median longitudinal band brown along the length of vertex; compound eyes and ocellus of male surrounded yellow. Frons with area between antennal bases yellowish. Turbinate portion of compound eyes of male dark brown. Antenna light brown; 1.5 �� length of head capsule. Labrum (Fig. 6). Rectangular, broader than long, length about 0.7 �� maximum width; dorsal surface flat; distal margin with medial emargination and small process. Dorsally with many short, fine, simple setae scattered over surface; dorsal arc of setae composed of 2 + 0 + 2 long, spine-like setae. Ventrally with submarginal row of setae decreasing in length toward medial region, composed of lateral and anterolateral bifid and frayed setae, medial setae simple and bifid; ventral surface with 3 short, blunt setae near the anterolateral margins; lateral margin with fine simple setae. Right mandible (Fig. 7). Inner and outer set of incisors respectively with 3 + 3 denticles. Prostheca slender, bifurcated at middle, inner lobe long, pectinate, outer short and frayed. Margin between prostheca and mola almost straight; tuft of setae between prostheca and mola absent; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present; tuft of setae at apex of mola present, reduced to bifid seta. Lateral margins almost straight and bare; basal half bare. Left mandible (Fig. 8). Inner and outer set of incisors respectively with 3 + 3 denticles. Prostheca robust, apically denticulate and with comb-shape structure at apex. Margin between prostheca and mola almost straight, without crenulations; tuft of setae absent; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present; subtriangular process wide, above level of area between prostheca and mola; denticles of mola not constricted; tuft of setae at apex of mola absent. Lateral margins almost straight and bare; basal half bare. Hypopharynx (Fig. 9). Lingua subequal in length to superlingua; apex with anteromedial lobe rounded, with short, fine, simple setae; medial tuft of short setae present; distal half laterally expanded. Superlingua not expanded; fine, simple setae scattered over lateral and distal margin and basal half of lateral margin with short, spine-like setae. Maxilla (Fig. 10). Crown of galea-lacinia with 3 denticles and one denti-seta; inner dorsal row of setae with 3 pectinate denti-setae. Medial protuberance of galea with 1 short, spine-like setae + 5 long setae. Maxillary palp reaching apex of galea-lacinia; two-segmented; setae on maxillary palp, short, fine and simple, scattered over surface, a simple setae at apex of segment II; palp segment II 1.3 �� length of segment I; apex of last segment not constricted at base. Labium (Fig. 11). Glossa basally broad, narrowing apically and subequal in length to paraglossa; base of glossa well expanded (reaching more than 2 / 3 of paraglossa); inner margin with 11���14 spine-like setae increasing in length apically, outer margin with 10���12 long, spine-like setae increasing in length apically; ventral surface with a row of 5���6 spine-like setae near inner.Paraglossa sub-rectangular, curved only at apex; apex with 2 rows of spinelike setae; outer margin with a row of 15���16 long and spine-like setae; ventrally with a row of 5 spine-like setae near to inner margin; dorsal surface bare. Labial palp with segment I 0.9 �� length of segments II and III combined; segment I covered with short, simple setae and micropores near to outer margin; inner margin of segment II bare; outer margin with short, fine setae; dorsally with row of 4���5 spine-like, simple setae; ventrally with short, fine, simple setae scattered over surface; segment III subquadrangular length 1.2 �� width; covered with spine-like simple setae on ventral surface; dorsally with a row of blunt, spine-like, long setae near to apex and inner margin. Thorax (Fig. 5). General coloration brown with yellow marks. Fore wing pads light brown. Hind wing pad. Present; light brown. Fore leg (Fig. 12). General coloration yellowish; femora with a central light brown spot on anterior surface; tarsal claw yellowish brown. Ratio of fore leg 1.4:1.0 (0.5 mm):1.0: 0.2. Fore femur. Length about 3.9 �� maximum width; dorsally with a row of 7 blunt setae (in lateral view they look like spine-like setae); length of setae about 0.1 �� maximum width of femur; apex not projected with 2 blunt setae (Fig. 13); ventrally with 5 simple setae; anterior surface with abundant scale-bases and scales near to ventral margin. Tibia. Dorsally with row of abundant, long, fine, simple setae; ventrally with a row of 6 short, spine-like setae; two lanceolate setae subapically; anterior surface with abundant scale bases and scales near to dorsal margin; tibiopatelar suture present. Subtending bristle present (Fig. 14). Tarsus. Dorsally with a row of abundant long, fine setae; ventrally with row of 11 spine-like setae and a lanceolate setae near the apex; anterior surface with scale bases and scales scattered over surface; tarsal claw bare, 0.4 �� length of tarsi. Mid and hind leg similar to fore leg. Abdomen (Fig. 5). General coloration brown. Segments I���II brown with blackish transversal mark on the posterior margin. Segments III, V���VII, and IX���X brown with whitish marks. Segments IV and VIII clearer; male mature nymphs showing two spots in medial area of segment IV. Terga surface with abundant scale bases and micropore; posterior margin of terga with regular spines, 1.7 �� as long as wide (Fig. 15). Spines present in posterior margin of segments III ���X (in some species present spines on segments II���X, but weakly developed on segment II). Sterna with spines present in posterior margin of segments III ���IX. Gills (Fig. 16). Opaque, trachea dark gray; inner and outer margins light brown. Margin with broad spines and short, fine, simple setae on the apex. Trachea extending from main trunk to inner margin. Gill I about 1.0 �� length of segment II; oval. Gill IV about 0.5 �� length of the segment V and VI combined; oval. Gill VII about 1.0 �� length of segment VIII, oblong. Paraproct (Fig. 17). With 10���13 marginal spines; surface with abundant scale-bases and micropores; posterolateral extension with blunt marginal spines and scale-bases scattered on surface. Caudal filaments. Yellowish-brown. Posterior margin of segments with short spines on each segment, and long spines on every four segments. Life cycle association. Rearing male imagos from nymphs. Distribution. PARAGUAY. BRAZIL: states of Cear��, Goi��s, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, and S��o Paulo (Salles et al. 2003, 2004, 2010; Boldrini et al. 2012; Lima et al. 2012). Material examined. Holotype, male larva, Paraguay, Paraguari, Parque Nacional Ybicui, Arroyo Mina, edge, 02.x. 1984, Bonace RT (PERC). 14 nymphs, Brazil, state of Pernambuco, Amaraji, Rio Amaraji, 20.i.2011, 8�� 21 ' 48.9 "S, 35 �� 28 '49.0"W, 320 m, Lima LRC, Nicacio G cols. (PERC); five nymphs, same as preceding except 21.iv. 2012, Lima LRC coll. (CZNC); six nymphs and three male imagos (reared), same as preceding except 28.iv. 2012 (six nymphs CZNC, two male imagos PERC, and one male imago INPA); three nymphs and one male imago (light trap), Brazil, state of Pernambuco, Amaraji, Rio Amaraji, Po��o do Carreiro, 28.iv.2012, 8�� 22 ' 1.94 "S, 35 �� 28 ' 8.73 "W, 269 m, Lima LRC coll. (UFPE); one male imago (light trap), Brazil, state of Pernambuco, Correntes, Rio Correntes, Cachoeira Encontro das ��guas, 14.ii.2012, 9�� 11 '04.5"S, 36 �� 21 ' 19.7 "W, 513 m, Lima LRC, Souza WRM cols. (UFPE); two nymphs, Brazil, state of Pernambuco, Correntes, Rio Correntes, Barragem da Compesa, 15.ii.2012, 9��08'13.0"S, 36 �� 19 ' 57.5 W ", 386 m, Lima LRC, Souza WRM cols. (INPA); one nymph, Brazil, state of Pernambuco, Cort��s, Sirinha��m, Banho da Ilha, 05.ii.2011, 8�� 30 ���06.5���S, 35 �� 31 ��� 28.6 ���W, 223 m, Lima LRC, Nicacio, G cols. (PERC); same as preceding except 20.iii. 2011 (UFPE). Additional material. Paratype, slide mounted in Euparal (head capsule and fore leg missing), Paraguay, Departamento. Amambay, Parque Nacional, Cerro Cora, Arroyo Panamy, riffle sample, 05.xi. 1983, Bonace RT (PERC)., Published as part of Lima, Lucas R. C., Jacobus, Luke M. & Pinheiro, Ulisses, 2014, First description of imago and redescription of nymph for Cloeodes irvingi Waltz & McCafferty, 1987 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), pp. 575-582 in Zootaxa 3838 (5) on pages 576-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3838.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/228745, {"references":["Waltz, R. D. & McCafferty, W. P. (1987) Revision of the genus Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 80 (2), 191 - 207.","Salles, F. F., Francischetti, C. N., Roque, F. O., Pepinelli, M. & Strixino, S. T. (2003) Levantamento preliminar dos generos e especies de Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) do estado de Sao Paulo, com enfase em coletas realizadas em corregos florestados de baixa ordem. Biota Neotropica, 3 (2), 1 - 7. Available from: http: // www. biotaneotropica. org. br / v 3 n 2 / pt / abstract? shortcommunication + BN 01103022003 / (accessed 6 March 2014)","Salles, F. F., Da-Silva, E. R., Serrao, J. E. & Francischetti, C. N. (2004) Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) na Regiao Sudeste do Brasil: novos registros e chave para os generos no estagio ninfal. Neotropical Entomology, 33 (6), 725 - 735. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1519 - 566 x 2004000600010","Salles, F. F., Nascimento, J. M. C., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Silva, P. B., Rudio, J. A. & Boldrini, R. (2010) Primeiro levantamento da fauna de Ephemeroptera (Insecta) do Espirito Santo, sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 10 (1), 293 - 307. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 1676 - 06032010000100025","Boldrini, R., Cruz, P. V., Salles, F. F., Belmont, E. L. & Hamada, N. (2012) Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from northeastern Brazil. Check List, 8 (1), 88 - 94.","Lima, L. R. C., Salles, F. F. & Pinheiro, U. (2012) Ephemeroptera (Insecta) from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 56 (3), 304 - 314. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0085 - 56262012005000043"]}

New species Cloeodes vibratorius sp. n. and Cloeodes nigrohumeris sp. n. are described based on male and female imagoes reared from larvae in Peru. Cloeodes redactus Waltz & McCafferty 1987 is redescribed based on male and female imagoes reared from larvae in Peru. Additional data on South American species Cloeodes auwe Salles & Batista 2004 and Cuban species Cloeodes superior Kluge 1991 and Cloeodes inferior Kluge 1991 are given. Key to known larvae of South American two-winged species of Cloeodes is provided.

Suter, P.J. and Pearson, M.J., 2001. Redescription of Bungona Harker with new synonyms in the Australian Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 58(2): 247–254. The monospecific genus Bungona Harker is redefined and descriptions of the imago and nymphs of Bungona narilla Harker are provided. Two species described by Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty (1998) as Cloeodes fustipalpus and C. illiesi are recognised as being conspecific and junior synonyms of Bungona narilla. Bungona narilla is distributed along the east coast of Australia from North Queensland to Tasmania and nymphs occur in shallow, slow flowing, cobble streams.

Cloeodes incus se cita por primera vez para la Argentina. Se recolectaron ninfas mediante red Surber y red de arrastre en los Ríos Pircas y Ajedrez (Jujuy: Rinconada) en altitudes superiores a los 4000 msnm. Se realizaron dos campañas anuales: fin de estación lluviosa (abril) y fin de estación seca (noviembre), durante los años 2011 y 2012. Este estudio permite ampliar la distribución de C. incus en los Andes Centrales e incorporar información hidrológica y ambiental de los sitios seleccionados. Los mayores valores de densidad se obtuvieron al final de la estación seca, con escasa cantidad de agua y con un pH de 7,1 – 8,1. Su presencia también fue registrada, aguas abajo de actividades mineras, con un pH de 3,7. Cloeodes incus is recorded for the first time for Argentina. Nymphs were collected using Surber net and kick sampling in Pircas and Ajedrez rivers (Jujuy: Rinconada) at altitudes above 4000 masl. There were two annual field trips: at the end of the rainy season (April) and at the end of the dry season (November), during the years 2011 and 2012. This study allows extending the distribution of C. incus in the Central Andes and incorporates environmental and hydrological information of the selected sites. The highest values of density were obtained at the end of the dry season, with little amount of water and a pH of 7.1 to 8.1. Their presence was also recorded downstream of mining activities, with a pH of 3.7. Fil: de Paul, Marcela Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina Fil: Nieto Peñalver, María Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto Superior de Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán; Argentina Fil: Neder, Lilia Estela. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Biologia de la Altura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

The South African species Cloeodes inzingae (Crass) is redescribed as adults and larvae based on newly found material. This species is most closely related to far eastern Palaearctic (China) and Oriental (Sri Lanka) species rather than Neotropical species. The presence of Cloeodes in the Subsaharan region of Africa supports the opinion that it is basically a pantropical genus. Cloeodes inzingae possesses a median tubercle between the forceps bases, a character not known in any other Cloeodes.

Cloeodes vaimaca sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 26��� 35) Nymph (Fig. 3). Length: body, 4.1���4.2 mm; cerci, 1.4���1.5 mm; terminal filament, 1.3���1.4 mm. Antennae partially broken. Head pale yellow, longer than wide, compound eyes pale yellow. Antennae pale yellow. Mouthparts (Figs. 26���31): labrum (Fig. 26 a) with one subapical seta centrally and two-three setae near lateral margin, anterior margin with bifid setae (Fig. 26 b). Left mandible (Fig. 27) without setae between prostheca and mola, thumb of molar area transverse to anterior margin. Right mandible (Fig. 28) without setae between prostheca and mola. Hypopharynx (Fig. 29): lingua with rounded projection and longer than superlinguae. Maxillae (Fig. 30), palpi scarcely shorter than galea-lacinia, two segmented, segment II with a constriction. Labium (Fig. 31) with segment III of palpi rounded. Thorax pale yellow. Pleura pale yellow, sterna whitish. Legs pale yellow. Dorsal edge of femora with a row of pointed spines, apically with a rounded projection and two blunt spines (Fig. 32). Tarsal claws 0.4 times the length of tarsi. Hind wing pads present. Abdomen pale yellow, segments I���V with a reddish spot in the midline. Abdominal terga with covers, posterior margin of terga with spines as in Fig. 33. Sterna pale yellow with trachea pigmented, sterna II-VI with a tuft of long fine setae laterally on each side. Paraprocts with spines apically (Fig. 34). Gills (Fig. 35) translucent, trachea pigmented, 2.5 times the length of each tergum. Caudal filaments pale yellow, with flattened setae basally sclerotized (similar to Fig. 14 b). Cerci with long spines toward external margin every two segments, terminal filament with long spines toward midline every two segments (similar to Fig. 35). Etymology. Vaimaca was one of the four charr��as taken to Paris in 1833 to be exhibited in the "Museum of the Man ". This fact crowned the humiliation and destruction of this people for the colonial Spanish model. We dedicate respectfully this species to his memory. Diagnosis. Cloeodes vaimaca sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: 1) hind wing pads present; 2) lingua with rounded projection and longer than superlinguae (Fig. 29); 3) labium (Fig. 31) with segment III of palpi rounded; 3) dorsal margin of femora with a row of pointed spines, apically with a rounded projection and two blunt spines (Fig. 32); 4) abdominal color pattern as in Fig. 3, with segments I-V with a reddish spot in the midline Material. Holotype male nymph: URUGUAY, Flores, R. 57, km 30, Arroyo Guardia Vieja, S 33 �� 42��12 ����, W 57 �� 06��17 ����, 120m, 6 / 3 / 2008, Emmerich & P��rez colls. Paratypes: three nymphs (one dissected) same data as holotype. One nymph: Paysand��, R. 3, km 366, Arroyo Sacra, S 32 �� 21��02����, W 58 �� 03��04����, 10m, 7 / 3 / 2008, Emmerich & P��rez colls. One nymph: R��o Negro, R 3, Km 291, Camping. Arroyo San Esteban, S 32 �� 50 ��� 07������, W 57 �� 30 ��� 59 ������, 34 m, 2 / 3 / 0 8, D. Emmerich & S. P��rez colls., Published as part of Nieto, Carolina & Emmerich, Daniel, 2011, Three new species of the genus Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Uruguay, pp. 57-65 in Zootaxa 2996 on pages 63-65, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.205436

Cloeodes guenoa sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 15– 25) Nymph (Fig. 2). Length: body, 4.9–5.1 mm; cerci, 1.4–1.5 mm; terminal filament, 1.2–1.3 mm. Antennae broken. Head yellowish brown, longer than wide, compound eyes yellowish brown. Antennae pale yellow. Mouthparts (Figs. 15–20): labrum (Fig. 15 a) with one subapical seta centrally and one seta near lateral margin, anterior margin with bifid setae (Fig. 15 b). Left mandible (Fig. 16) without setae between prostheca and mola, thumb of molar area transverse to anterior margin. Right mandible (Fig. 17) without setae between prostheca and mola. Hypopharynx (Fig. 18): lingua with rounded projection and longer than superlinguae. Maxillae (Fig. 19), palpi as long as galealacinia, two segmented, segment II with a constriction. Labium (Fig. 20) with segment III of palpi rounded. Thorax pale yellow. Pleura yellowish brown, sterna pale yellow. Legs yellowish brown. Dorsal margin of femora with a row of pointed spines, apically with a subquadrangular projection and two blunt spines (Fig. 21). Tarsal claws 0.3 times the length of tarsi. Hind wing pads present. Abdomen yellowish brown (Fig. 2), segments III-VII with two whitish spots near midline, segments IV and VIII pale brown. Abdominal terga with covers, posterior margin of terga with spines as in Fig. 22. Paraprocts with 10–11 spines apically (Fig. 23). Gills translucent white, main and secondary trachea pigmented (Fig. 24), 2 times the length of each tergum. Caudal filament yellowish, with flattened setae basally sclerotized (similar to Fig. 14 b). Cerci with long spines toward external margin every two segments, terminal filament with long spines toward midline every two segments (Fig. 25). Adults. Unknown. Etymology. “ Guenoa ” is the name of the native people who inhabits the current districts of Treinta y Tres, Cerro Largo and Tacuarembó. Diagnosis. Cloeodes guenoa sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: 1) hind wing pads present; 2) lingua with rounded projection and longer than superlinguae (Fig. 18); 3) labium with segment III of palpi rounded (Fig. 20); 4) dorsal margin of femora with a row of pointed spines, apically with a subquadrangular projection and two blunt spines (Fig. 21); 5) abdominal color pattern as in Fig. 2, with segments III-VII with two whitish spots near midline, segments IV and VIII pale brown. Material. Holotype female mature nymph, URUGUAY, Tacuarembó, R 5, km 379, Arroyo Tranqueras, S 31 º 47´29 ´´, W 55 º 58´51 ´´, 124m, 22 / 2 / 2008, Emmerich & Molineri colls. Paratypes six nymphs (one dissected) same data as holotype. Three nymphs: Lavalleja, R 8, km 190, Arroyo Tapes Chico, S 33 º 59´18 ´´, W 54 º 46´54 ´´, 130m, 4 / 3 / 2008, Emmerich & Pérez colls. One nymph: Treinta y Tres, Quebrada de los Cuervos, Arroyo Los Helechos, S 32 º 55 ’ 27.3 ’’, W 54 º 27 ’ 34.4 ’’, 125 m. 8 / 11 / 2004, D. Emmerich & E. Morelli colls. Six nymphs: Maldonado, R 109, Cerro Cordillera, Arroyo sin nombre, S 34 º 20 ’ 29.4 ’’, W 54 º 37 ’ 40.5 ’’, 301 m, 23 / 3 / 10, D. Emmerich & C. Molineri colls.

Cloeodes aymore, sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 7���10, 23���34, 40���45, 47, 49, 53��� 55) Diagnoses. Nymphs. 1) Segment VI of abdominal terga with a anteromedial subtriangular dark mark (Fig. 7); 2) Labrum with dorsal arc of setae composed of 1 + 0 + 3 setae (Fig. 23 a); 3) Segment III of labial palp rounded and covered with spine-like setae along margins and ventral surface (Fig. 28); 4) Fore femur with apex projected, with 2 blunt setae (Fig. 30 a); 5) Posterior margin of terga with long spines often intercalated by short spines, both slightly outwardly (Fig. 32 a) (in some individual, see comments bellow, spines can be regular - Fig. 32 b); 6) Caudal filaments with posterior margin of segments with short spines on each segments and long spines on every two segments on cercus and every four segments on terminal filament. Adults. Male Imago. 1) Abdominal terga with segments I, VII ���X brown and II ���VI translucent whitish; segment IV with kidney-like median brown mark (Fig. 40); 2) Marginal intercalaries absent between Sc-R 1 and CuP- A (Fig. 47 a); 3) Hind wing present; costal process hooked, located on basal third (Fig. 47 b); 4) Hind wing with 2 complete longitudinal veins (Fig. 47 b); 5) Posterior margin of subgenital plate truncate (Fig. 49). Female imago. 1) Abdominal sterna yellowish with lateral dark brown marks on segments II ���VIII in the female imago (Fig. 44); 2) Hind wing present; costal process hooked, located on basal third; 3) Hind wing with 2 complete longitudinal veins. Description. Nymph Length. Body: 5.0��� 7.5 mm; cerci: 2.5 ���3.0 mm; terminal filament: 2.5 ���3.0 mm; antenna: 1.9 mm. Head (Figs. 7, 8, 53). Coloration: yellowish white with a light brown mark between compound eyes and lateral ocellus. Vertex brown with yellowish vermiform marks. Frons with dark brown stripe extending from lateral ocellus and almost reaching the clipeo base. Turbinate portion of male compound eyes orangenish brown. Antenna yellowish; short, 1.6 �� the length of head capsule. Labrum (Figs. 23 a, b). Rectangular, broader than long; length about 0.8 �� maximum width; dorsal surface flat; distal margin with medial emargination and small process. Dorsally with few short, fine, simple setae scattered over surface and scale-bases; dorsal arc of setae composed of 1 + 0 + 3 long, spine-like setae; lateral margin bare. Ventrally with submarginal row of setae decreasing in length toward medial region, composed of lateral and anterolateral frayed and bifurcated at middle; medial setae frayed and bifurcated at base (Fig. 23 b); ventral surface with 4 short, blunt setae near lateral and anterolateral margin. Left mandible (Fig. 24). Inner and outer set of incisors respectively with apparently 3 + 4 denticles. Prostheca robust, apically denticulate and with comb-shape structure at apex. Margin between prostheca and mola straight, without crenulations; tuft of setae absent; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present; subtriangular process wide, above level of area between prostheca and mola; denticles of mola not constricted; tuft of setae at apex of mola absent. Lateral margins almost straight; bare. Basal half with scale bases. Right mandible (Fig. 25). Inner and outer set of incisors respectively with apparently 3 + 4 denticles. Prostheca slender, bifurcated at middle, inner lobe long, outer short and both pectinate. Margin between prostheca and mola slightly convex, without setae; tuft of setae absent; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present; tuft of setae at apex of mola present, reduced to a single setae. Lateral margins almost straight; bare. Basal half with scale bases. Hypopharynx (Fig. 26). Lingua subequal in length to superlingua; apex convex; with short, fine, simple setae; distal half not expanded. Superlingua not expanded; fine, simple setae scattered over lateral and distal margin; basal half of lateral margin with short, spine-like setae. Maxilla (Fig. 27). Crown of galea-lacinia with 4 denticles, inner denticle opposed to outer denticles; inner dorsal row of setae with 2 denti-setae, pectinate and bifurcated at base. Medial protuberance of galea with 1 short, spine-like setae + 5 long setae. Maxillary palp subequal in length of galea-lacinia; two segmented; setae on maxillary palp fine, simple setae scattered over surface and micropores on segment I; palp segment II 1.6 �� length of segment I; apex of last segment smooth and acute. Labium (Fig. 28). Glossa basally broad, narrowing apically and subequal in length to paraglossa; inner margin with 16 long, spine-like setae increasing in length apically; outer margin with 12���13 long, spine-like setae increasing in length distally; ventral surface with one row of 6 simple setae near inner margin. Paraglossa sub-rectangular or straight, curved only at apex; apex with 2 rows of spine-like setae; outer margin with row of 13 long, spine-like setae; dorsally a row of 4 long setae near inner margin; ventrally with a curved row of 9 spine-like setae near inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 1.0�� length of segments II and III combined; segment I covered with few short, simple setae and micropore near to outer margin; segment II without distomedial protuberance; inner margin bare; outer margin bare; dorsally with row of 6 spine-like, simple setae; segment III rounded; length 1.1 �� width; covered with spine-like simple setae along margins and ventral surface. Thorax (Figs. 7, 53). Yellowish washed with light brown. Fore wing pads yellowish. Hind wing pads present. Fore leg (Fig. 29). Coxa yellowish washed with light brown. Trocanter yellowish white. Femur yellowish washed with brown, except basal third yellowish white. Tibia yellowish white except basal and distal margins brown. Tarsus brown. Ratio of fore leg 1.2: 0.6: 0.8: 0.2 mm. Fore femur. Length about 4.5 �� maximum width; dorsally with a row of 9 blunt setae (in lateral view they look like spine-like setae); length of setae about 0.1 �� maximum width of femur; apex projected; with 2 blunt setae (Fig. 30 a); ventrally with 13 short, spine-like setae; anterior surface with abundant micropore, scale-bases and spine-like setae near the base of ventral margin. Tibia. Dorsally with a row of abundant, fine, simple setae; ventrally with row of 11 short, fine, spine-like setae, apex with pectinate setae; anterior surface with abundant scale-base and micropore; tibio-patelar suture present. Subtending bristle present (Fig. 31). Tarsus. Dorsally bare; ventrally with a row of 15���16 spine-like setae and one long lanceolate setae near the apex; tarsal claw bare. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for: mid and hind femur brown except basal and distal third yellowish; tarsus basally brown and became lighter toward apex. Hind femur dorsally with row of 5 blunt setae (in lateral view they look like spine-like setae). Subapical projections of femur less developed on mid leg and practically absent on hind leg (Figs. 30 a, b, c). Abdomen (Figs. 7, 8, 53). Yellowish white washed with brown to dark brown. Segments V, VI, IX and anterior half of X shaded with brown; segment VI with a anteromedial subtriangular dark mark; segments II ���VII with smooth, yellowish sublateral area. Sterna yellowish white with segment IX shaded with brown; sublateral brown marks on segments II ���VI; lateral margins of segments V and VI brown. Terga. S urface with abundant scale-bases and micropore. Posterior margin with long spines (2.7 �� as long as wide) often intercalated by short spines (2.2 �� as long as wide), both slightly outwardly (Fig. 32 a). Spines present in posterior margin of segments: III ���X. Sterna. Spines present in posterior margin of segments: IV ���IX. Gill (Figs. 33 a, b). Opaque; trachea dark greyish, inner and outer margins brown. Margin with broad spines and short, fine, simple setae (Fig. 33 b). Tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I subequal in length to segment II; oval. Gill IV as long as length of segments V to half VI combined; oval. Gill VII about 1.5 length of segment VIII; oblong and obliquely truncate. Paraproct (Fig. 34). With 11���12 marginal spines; surface with abundant scale-bases and micropores; posterolateral extension with blunt marginal spines. Caudal filaments. Yellowish white with one brown band subdistally and one brown band distally (Fig. 53). Posterior margin of segments with short spines on each segment, and long spines on every two segments on cercus and every four segments on terminal filament. Inner margin of cercus and inner and outer margin of terminal filament with tufts of long, flat setae. Male imago Length. Body: 5.0 mm; fore wing: 5.5 mm; hind wing: 1.1 mm; tibia II: 1.1 mm; tibia III: 0.9 mm; caudal filament: broken. Head (Figs. 40, 42, 43, 54). Coloration brown, except yellowish region between ocellus. Turbinate portion of compound eyes yellow dorsally, stalk orangish. Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes oblong; length 1.5 �� width; stalk height 0.7 �� width of dorsal portion; inner margins parallel, close to each other. Thorax (Figs. 40, 42, 54) dark brown. Anteronotal protuberance rounded. Metascutellar protuberance posteriorly pointed. Legs. Whitish except margins brown. Apex of tarsomeres brown. Leg II: tibia 1.2 �� length of femur; tarsus 0.3 �� length of femur. Leg III: tibia 1.1 �� length of femur; tarsus 0.3 �� length of femur. Fore wing (Fig. 47 a). Hyaline, except between C and R 1 opaque; longitudinal and cross veins yellowish brown. Stigmatic area with 2 cross veins touching or almost touching subcostal vein and 2 veins not touching subcostal vein; marginal intercalary veins paired, except between veins R 1 -R 2, ICu 2 -CuP single and between veins Sc-R 1, CuP-A absent; length of each intercalary vein between IMA and IMA 2 0.7 and 0.4 �� distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of fore wing about 2.7 �� width. Hind wing present (Fig. 47 b). Hyaline; veins yellowish brown; with 2 complete longitudinal veins. Costal process hooked; located on basal third. Abdomen (Figs. 40, 42, 54). Terga. Segments I, VII ���X brown; II ���VI translucent whitish; membrane between II ���VII dark brown; segment IV with kidney-like median dark brown mark; 2 / 3 of segment VI medially with brown mark; segments II ���VI with brown mark laterally. Tracheation dark brown. Sterna. Segments I, VII ���IX brown; segments II ���VI translucent whitish. Genitalia. (Figs. 45, 49) Segment I brown, II and III brown and lighter toward apex. Forceps segment I subrectangular; 0.3 �� length of segment II; distance between base of forceps 1.0�� distance between lateral margins of forceps. Forceps segment II medially with constriction. Forceps segment III elongated, 1.6 �� as long as wide; 0.1 �� length of segment II. Posterior margin of subgenital plate truncate. Female Imago Length. Body: 4.5 mm; fore wing: 6.0 mm; hind wing: 1.0 mm; tibia II: 1.1 mm; tibia III: 0.9 mm; caudal filament: broken. Head (Figs. 41, 44, 55). Coloration yellowish white. Compound eyes black. Thorax (Figs. 41, 44, 55) Pronotum yellowish white with brown marks. Mesonotum brown, anteronotal protuberance and medioscutum washed with grey; scutellum whitish and posterior scutal protuberance washed with grey. Metanotum brown. Anteronotal protuberance rounded. Metascutellar protuberance posteriorly pointed. Legs. Whitish with orange band on apex of femur and with brown mark on apex of tibia and tarsomeres. Leg II: tibia 1.1 �� length of femur; tarsus 0.3 �� length of femur. Leg III: tibia 1.0�� length of femur; tarsus 0.2 �� length of femur. Fore wing. Hyaline, except between C and R 1 opaque; longitudinal and cross veins dark yellowish white. Stigmatic area with 2 cross veins touching or almost touching subcostal vein and 2 veins not touching subcostal vein; marginal intercalary veins paired, except between veins R 1 -R 2, ICu 2 -CuP single and between veins Sc-R 1, CuP-A absent; length of each intercalary vein between IMA and IMA 2 0.4 �� and 0.2 �� distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of fore wing about 2.8 �� width. Hind wing present. Hyaline; veins dark yellowish white; with 2 complete longitudinal veins. Costal process hooked; located on basal third. Abdomen (Figs. 41, 44, 55). Terga yellowish washed with brown, except median region of segments II ���IX translucent; unpigmented area wider toward base of abdomen. Segments IV ���VI similar to male imago. Anterolateral corner of segments II ���VII with circular unpigmented area. Tracheation dark brown. Sterna yellowish with sublateral dark brown subtriangular marks on segments II ���VIII. Etymology. The specific epithet is the foreign name for a tribe of South American Indians of eastern Brazil (including the State of Esp��rito Santo), also known as botocudos. Distribution (Fig. 3). Brazil - Esp��rito Santo (��guia Branca, Brejetuba, Domingos Martins, Fund��o, Ibitirama, Itagua����, Itarana, I��na, Santa Teresa), Minas Gerais (Alto Capara��, Espera Feliz). Material examined. Holotype. Male imago with corresponding nymphal exuviae, Brazil, Esp��rito Santo, Parque Nacional do Capara��, Ibitirama, Pedra Roxa River, 20 /iv/2008, 20�� 23 ' 48.1 ''S / 41 �� 44 '08.1''W, Salles, F.F., Massariol, F.C., Boldrini, R., Lima, M.M. and Britto, P.V.A. col (INPA). Paratypes. Five nymphs, Brazil, Esp��rito Santo, Parque Nacional do Capara��, Ibitirama, Tecnotruta River, propriedade "Sonho meu", 21 /iv/ 2008, rock, moderate current, Salles, F.F., Massariol, F.C., Boldrini, R., Lima, M.M. and Britto, P.V.A. col. (three at CEUNES, two at DZRJ). Five nymphs, same locality, data and collectors, marginal vegetation (three at CEUNES, two at IML). Additional material. PT 01: (26 N) 02/i/ 2009, PT 01: (18 N) 23 /ii/ 2009, PT 03: (7 N) 23 /iv/ 2008, PT 03: (5 N) 26 / iii/ 2009, PT 04: (4 N) 23 /iii/ 2009, PT 05: (1 N) 17 /ii/ 2011, PT 06: (73 N) 18 /ii/ 2011, PT 07: (310 N) 26 /iii/ 2011, PT 07: (4 A) 26 /iii/ 2011, PT 08: (26 N) 27 /iii/ 2009, PT 09: (7 N) 22 /iv/ 2008, PT 10: (1 N) 23 /iv/ 2008, PT 11: (6 N) 25 / iii/ 2009, PT 12: (12 N) 02/xii/ 2010, PT 12: (16 N) 03/xii / 21010, PT 13: (25 N) 21 /iv/ 2008, PT 14: (50 N) 21 /iv/ 2008, PT 15: (11 A) 20 /iv/ 2008, PT 15: (8 N) 20 /iv/ 2008, PT 16: (11 N) 20 /iv/ 2008, PT 17: (2 N) 21 /iv/ 2008, PT 18: (9 N) 07/ii/ 2011, PT 19: (6 N) 10 /ii/ 2011, PT 20: (7 N) 10 /ii/ 2011, PT 21: (61 N) 21 /iv/ 2008, PT 22: (2 N) 24 /iii/ 2009, PT 23: (1 N) 16 /xi/ 2007, PT 23: (6 N) 19 /i/ 2008, PT 23: (2 N) 26 /x/ 2008, PT 24: (1 N) 26 /x/ 2008, PT 24: (2 N) 18 /ii/ 2009, PT 25: (1 N) 19 /i/ 2008, PT 25: (2 N) 25 /x/ 2008, PT 26: (14 N) 20 /i/ 2008, PT 26: (5 N) 25 /x/ 2008, PT 26: (2 N) 19 /ii/ 2009, PT 27: (6 N) 26 /x/ 2008, PT 28: (7 N) 20 /ii/ 2009, PT 29: (6 N) 08/ii/ 2011 (CEUNES). Life cycle association. Rearing. Biology. As in C. itajara and several other species (see above), most of the nymphs of the new species were found in rocky substrates, such as slab and stones, preferable in areas with low or no current. However, a significant proportion of nymphs were also collected in sand in moderate flow, besides marginal vegetation and gravel., Published as part of Massariol, Fabiana Criste & Salles, Frederico Falc��o, 2011, Two new species of Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Esp��rito Santo, Southeastern Brazil, pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 3058 on pages 7-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202897

Cloeodes itajara, sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 4���6, 11���22, 35���39, 46, 48, 50��� 52) Diagnoses. Nymphs. 1) General coloration of abdominal terga yellowish brown washed with brown to dark brown with a lighter medial longitudinal stripe (Fig. 4); 2) Labrum with dorsal arc of setae composed of 12 setae (Fig. 11 a); 3) Segment III of labial palp obliquely truncate (Figs. 16 a, b); 4) Segment III of labial palp with robust and pectinate setae on inner margin (Fig. 16 b); 5) Fore femur with apex projected, with 5���6 blunt setae (Fig. 18 a); 6) Gill opaque; trachea dark greyish, inner and outer margins brown and with a light brown stripe parallel to main trunk (Figs. 6, 21 a); 7) Caudal filaments with posterior margin of segments with short spines on each segments. Adults. 1) Abdominal terga V ���VII with a anterolateral triangular black mark (Figs. 38, 52); 2) Marginal intercalaries absent between Sc-R 1 and CuP-A (Fig. 46 a); 3) Hind wing present; costal process hooked, located on basal third (Fig. 46 b); 4) Hind wing with 2 complete longitudinal veins and 1 incomplete (Fig. 46 b); 5) Segment III of forceps elongated (Fig. 48); 6) Posterior margin of subgenital plate rounded (Fig. 48). Description. Nymph Length. Body: 7.5 ���9.0 mm; cerci: 3.0��� 3.5 mm; terminal filament: 3.0��� 3.5 mm; antenna: 2.3 mm. Head (Fig. 4). Coloration: light brown with light yellow narrow median longitudinal stripe on all length of vertex. Compound eyes and lateral ocellus surrounded yellowish. Frons with area between antennal sockets yellowish. Turbinate portion of male compound eyes reddish brown. Antenna light brown; short, 1.3 ��the length of head capsule. Labrum (Figs. 11 a, 11 b). Rectangular, broader than long; length about 0.6 �� maximum width; dorsal surface flat; distal margin with medial emargination and small process. Dorsally with few short, fine, simple setae scattered over surface; dorsal arc of setae composed of 12 long spine-like setae, 5 restricted to medial group; lateral margin bare. Ventrally with submarginal row of setae decreasing in length toward medial region, composed of lateral setae pectinate; anterolateral setae bifid, pectinate; medial setae bifurcated at middle (Fig. 11 b); ventral surface with 7 short, blunt setae near lateral and anterolateral margin. Left mandible (Fig. 12). Inner and outer set of incisors respectively with apparently 3 + 4 denticles. Prostheca robust, apically denticulate and with comb-shape structure at apex. Margin between prostheca and mola slightly convex, with spine-like setae on entire length; tuft of setae absent; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present; subtriangular process wide, above level of area between prostheca and mola; denticles of mola not constricted; tuft of setae at apex of mola absent. Lateral margins almost straight; bare. Basal half with few short, fine, simple setae scattered over dorsal surface. Right mandible (Fig. 13). Inner and outer set of incisors respectively with apparently 3 + 3 denticles. Prostheca slender, bifurcated at middle, inner lobe long, outer short and both pectinate. Margin between prostheca and mola straight, without setae; tuft of setae absent; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present; tuft of setae at apex of mola present, reduced to a bifid setae. Lateral margins almost straight; bare. Basal half with few short, fine, simple setae scattered over dorsal surface. Hypopharynx (Fig. 14). Lingua subequal in length to superlingua; apex with anteromedial lobe rounded; with short, fine, simple setae; distal half not expanded. Superlingua not expanded; fine, simple setae scattered over lateral and distal margin; basal half of lateral margin with short, spine-like setae. Maxilla (Fig. 15). Crown of galea-lacinia with 4 denticles, inner denticle opposed to outer denticles; inner dorsal row of setae with 2 denti-setae, pectinate and bifurcated at base. Medial protuberance of galea with 1 short, spine-like setae + 7 long setae. Maxillary palp subequal in length of galea-lacinia; two segmented; setae on maxillary palp few short, fine and simple setae, micropore scattered over surface and one spine-like setae on the apex of segment II; palp segment II 1.4 �� length of segment I; apex of last segment constricted. Labium (Figs. 16 a, 16 b). Glossa basally broad, narrowing apically and subequal in length to paraglossa; inner margin with 20 long, spine-like setae increasing in length apically; outer margin with 12���13 long, spine-like setae increasing in length distally; ventral surface with one row of 8 simple setae near inner margin. Paraglossa sub-rectangular or straight, curved only at apex; apex with 2 rows of spine-like setae; outer margin with row of 13 long, spine-like setae; dorsally with a curved row of 6 long setae near inner margin; ventrally with a curved row of 12 spine-like setae near inner margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.8 �� length of segments II and III combined; segment I covered with few short, simple setae and micropore near to outer margin; segment II without distomedial protuberance; inner margin bare; outer margin with few, short, simple setae; dorsally with row of 7 spine-like, simple setae; segment III obliquely truncate; length 1.1 �� width; covered with robust, simple setae on distal margin, robust and pectinate setae on inner margin (Fig. 16 b); long, spine-like setae scattered over ventral surface, but forming a row near outer margin. Thorax (Fig. 4). Yellowish brown with brownish marks. Fore wing pads yellowish brown. Hind wing pads present. Fore leg (Fig. 17). Coxa brown. Trocanter light brown. Femur yellowish washed with brown, except at base and apex of anterior surface. Tibia light brown. Tarsus brown. Ratio of fore leg 1.3: 0.8: 0.8: 0.2 mm. Fore femur. Length about 3.5 �� maximum width; dorsally with a row of 11 blunt setae (in lateral view they look like spine-like setae); length of setae about 0.1 �� maximum width of femur; apex projected; with 5���6 blunt setae (Fig. 18 a); ventrally with row of short, spine-like setae restricted to posterior lobe; anterior surface with abundant micropore (restrict to anterior lobe), scale-bases and scales. Tibia. Dorsally with a row of abundant, fine, simple setae; ventrally with row of 10 short, spine-like setae, with a lanceolate setae subapically; anterior surface with abundant scale-base and micropore; tibio-patelar suture present. Subtending bristle present (Fig. 19). Tarsus. Dorsally with abundant, long, simple setae; ventrally with a row of 15 spine-like setae and one long lanceolate setae near the apex; tarsal claw bare. Mid and hind legs. Similar to fore leg, except for: hind femur dorsally with a row of 9 blunt setae (in lateral view look spine-like setae); subapical projections of femur less developed on mid leg and practically absent on hind leg (Figs. 18 a, b, c). Abdomen (Fig. 4). Yellowish brown washed with brown to dark brown with one lighter medial longitudinal stripe. Segments VIII and IX eventually lighter; segments II ���VIII with yellowish smooth antero-sublateral area (Fig. 5). Sterna yellowish. Terga. S urface with abundant scale-bases and micropore; posterior margin with regular spines, 2.3 �� as long as wide (Fig. 20); spines present in posterior margin of segments: II ���X. Sterna. Spines present in posterior margin of segments: V ��� IX. Gill (Figs. 6, 21 a, b). Opaque; trachea dark greyish, inner and outer margins brown and with a light brown stripe parallel to main trunk. Margin with broad spines and short, fine, simple setae (Fig. 21 b). Tracheae extending from main trunk to inner and outer margins. Gill I about 0.5 length of segment II; oval. Gill IV as long as length of segments V to half VI combined; oval. Gill VII about 1.5 length of segment VIII; oblong and obliquely truncate. Paraproct (Fig. 22). With 19���21 marginal spines; surface with abundant scale-bases and micropores; posterolateral extension with blunt marginal spines and scale-bases scattered on surface. Caudal filaments. Brown with a yellowish band subdistally. Posterior margin of segments with short spines on each segment. Inner margin of cercus and inner and outer margin of terminal filament with tufts of long, flat setae. Male imago Length. Body: 7.0 mm; fore wing: 8.0 mm; hind wing: 1.2 mm; antenna: 1.2 mm; tibia I: 2.1 mm; tibia II: 1.6 mm; tibia III: 1.4 mm; caudal filament: broken. Head (Figs. 35 ���37, 50��� 52). Coloration yellowish white. Antenna yellowish white. Turbinate portion of compound eyes orangishdorsally (yellowish in alcohol), stalk yellowish brown. Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes oblong; length 1.8 �� width; stalk height 0.4 �� width of dorsal portion; inner margins parallel, close to eacher other. Thorax (Figs. 37, 39, 50���52) Pronotum light brown (yellowish in alcohol) and mesonotum light brown (yellowish white in alcohol), except anterolateral scutal costa and area between posterior scutal protuberance whitish, metanotum brown. Anteronotal protuberance rounded. Metascutellar protuberance posteriorly pointed (Fig. 39). Legs. Whitish with orange band on apex of femur and black mark on apex of tibia and tarsomeres. (yellowish white in alcohol). Leg I: tibia 1.6 �� length of femur; tarsus 1.8 �� length of femur; and with 4 segments decreasing on length apically. Leg II: tibia 1.4 �� length of femur; tarsus 0.2 �� length of femur. Leg III: tibia 1.3 �� length of femur; tarsus 0.3 �� length of femur. Fore wing (Fig. 46 a). Hyaline, except between C and R 1 opaque; longitudinal and cross veins light yellowish brown. Stigmatic area with 3 cross veins touching or almost touching subcostal vein and 2 veins not touching subcostal vein; marginal intercalary veins paired, except between veins R 1 -R 2, ICu 2 -CuP single and between veins Sc-R 1, CuP-A absent; length of each intercalary vein between IMA and IMA 2 0.6 �� distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of fore wing about 2.6 �� width. Hind wing present (Fig. 46 b). Hyaline; veins light yellowish brown; with 2 complete longitudinal veins and 1 incomplete, not reaching apex of hind wing. Costal process hooked; located on basal third. Abdomen (Figs. 35, 36, 38, 50��� 52). Terga. Segments I ���VI white, VII ���X orangish (yellowish white in alcohol); segments I ���VI with a dark brown narrow line on posterior margin; segments V ���VII with anterolateral triangular black mark (Figs. 51, 52); segments I ���V with lateral orange band. Tracheation not pigmented. Sterna. Segments I ���VI white, VII ���X yellowish white. Genitalia (Fig. 48). Coloration yellowish white. Forceps segment I sub-rectangular; 0.3 �� length of segment II; distance between base of forceps 1.3 �� distance between lateral margins of forceps. Forceps segment II medially with constriction. Forceps segment III elongated, 2.0�� as long as wide; 0.1 �� length of segment II. Posterior margin of subgenital plate rounded. Female imago. Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet is a combination derived from the tupi-guarani ita (=stone) and jara (=lord), "Lord of the stones". Distribution (Fig. 2). Brazil - Esp��rito Santo (Ibitirama), Minas Gerais (Alto Capara��, Espera Feliz). Material examined. Holotype. Male imago with corresponding nymphal exuvia, Brazil, Esp��rito Santo, Parque Nacional do Capara��, Ibitirama, Pedra Roxa River, 20 /iv/2008, 20�� 23 ' 48.1 ''S / 41 �� 44 '08.1''W, Salles, F.F., Massariol, F.C., Boldrini, R., Lima, M.M. and Britto, P.V.A. col. (INPA). Paratypes. Ten nymphs, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parque Nacional do Capara��, Espera Feliz, S��o Domingos River, Sete Pil��es Waterfall, 22 /iv/ 2008, rock, low current, Salles, F.F., Massariol, F.C., Boldrini, R., Lima, M.M. and Britto, P.V.A. col. (six at CEUNES, two at DZRJ, two at IML). Additional material. PT 02: (12 N) 23 /iv/ 2008, PT 03: (60 N) 23 /iv/ 2008, PT 03: (37 N) 25 /iii/ 2009, PT 04: (51 N) 23 /iii/ 2009, PT 08: (3 N) 27 /iii/ 2009, PT 09: (24 N) 22 /iv/ 2008, PT 11: (67 N) 22 /iv/ 2008, PT 11: (13 N) 25 / iii/ 2009, PT 13: (32 N) 21 /iv/ 2008, PT 15: (12 N) 20 /iv/ 2008, PT 16: (19 N) 20 /iv/ 2008 (CEUNES). Life cycle association. Rearing. Biology. Most of the nymphs of the new species were found on rocky substrates, such as slab and stones, preferable in areas with low or no current, as in other species of the genus (Salles & Lugo-Ortiz 2003; Salles et al. 2004 b). They were also collected in leaf litter and marginal vegetation., Published as part of Massariol, Fabiana Criste & Salles, Frederico Falc��o, 2011, Two new species of Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Esp��rito Santo, Southeastern Brazil, pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 3058 on pages 4-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.202897, {"references":["Salles, F. F. & Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. (2003) Nova especie de Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Neotropical Entomology, 32, 449 - 452.","Salles, F. F., Batista, J. D. & Cabette, H. R. S. (2004 b). Baetidae (Insecta: Baetidae) de Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brasil: novos registros e descricao de uma nova especie de Cloeodes Traver. Biota Neotropica, 4, 1 - 8."]}

Cloeodes opacus Nieto & Richard Cloeodes opacus Nieto & Richard, 2008: 13 Diagnosis. Cloeodes opacus can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: 1) hind wing pads present; 2) segment III of labial palpi subquadrangular (Nieto & Richard, 2008: Fig. 46); 3) dorsal margin of femora with a row of blunt spines, apically with a subquadrangular projection and two blunt spines(Nieto & Richard, 2008: Fig. 48); 4) abdominal color pattern dark brown with segments I���IX with medial yellow markings as in Nieto & Richard, 2008: Fig. 43, segment X brown; 5) caudal filaments with flattened setae basally sclerotized, cerci with long spines toward external margin every two segments, terminal filament with long spines toward midline dorsally and ventrally every two segments. Material. One nymph: URUGUAY, Rivera, Mina de los Corrales, Arroyo Corrales, S 31 �� 34��34 ����, W 55 �� 27��58 ����, 135m, 19 / 2 / 2008, Emmerich & Molineri colls. Two nymphs: Treinta Tres, R 7, km 279, Arroyo La Yeguada, S 32 �� 57��34 ����, W 54 �� 59��11 ����, 232m, 21 / 2 / 2008, Emmerich & Molineri colls. One nymph: Rivera, Santa Ernestina, R. 29, cerca Mina Corrales, Arroyo sin nombre, S 31 �� 32 ' 23.8 " W 55 �� 33 ' 42 ", 146m, 19 / 2 / 2008, D. Emmerich & C. Molineri colls. Twenty-two nymphs: Rocha, Tahona, Finca Sr. Fern��ndez, Cascada de los Helechos, S 34 �� 20 ��� 49.5 ������ W 54 �� 25 ��� 40.8 ������, 122m, 23 / 3 / 2010, D. Emmerich & C. Molineri colls. Seventeen nymphs: Treinta y Tres, Quebrada de los Cuervos, Arroyo Yerbal Chico, S 32 �� 55 ��� 35.2 ������, W 54 �� 27 ��� 39.6 ������, 78 m, 25 / 3 / 10, D. Emmerich & C. Molineri colls., Published as part of Nieto, Carolina & Emmerich, Daniel, 2011, Three new species of the genus Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Uruguay, pp. 57-65 in Zootaxa 2996 on page 63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.205436, {"references":["Nieto, C. & Richard, B. (2008) The genus Cloeodes (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Argentina with new generic synonymy and new species. Zootaxa, 1727, 1 - 21."]}

Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) ocorrentes em Roraima, Brasil: novos registros e chaves para gêneros e espécies no estágio ninfal. Roraima é um dos estados de menor conhecimento acerca da família Baetidae no Brasil, com apenas quatro espécies formalmente registradas. Através de coletas realizadas principalmente nas regiões nordeste e sudeste de Roraima, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo ampliar o conhecimento a respeito da família no estado. Foram encontradas 32 espécies, sendo dessas, 14 novas ocorrências para a Região Norte e quatro novos registros para o Brasil (Camelobaetidius ortizi Dominique & Thomas, 2002, Cloeodes barituensis Nieto & Richard, 2008, Paracloeodes pacawara Nieto & Salles, 2006 e Waltzoyphius roberti Thomas & Peru, 2002). Exceto pelos gêneros Moribaetis Waltz & McCafferty, 1985, Tomedontus Lugo- Ortiz & McCafferty, 1995, Tupiara Salles Lugo-Ortiz, Da-Silva & Francischetti, 2003 e Varipes Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998, todos os gêneros registrados para o Brasil foram encontrados. Um gênero e uma espécie de Cryptonympha encontrados são novos para a Ciência.Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) from Roraima, Brazil: new records and a key to genera and species at nymphal stage. Roraima is one of the Brazilian states where least is known regarding the family Baetidae; to date only four species have been recorded from the state. The aim of the present study is to improve knowledge of the family in Roraima based on collections that are mainly from northeastern and southeastern portions of the state. Thirty-two species were found; of this total, 14 are new records for the entire Northern Region of Brazil, and four species are new for the country (Camelobaetidius ortizi Dominique & Thomas, 2002, Cloeodes barituensis Nieto & Richard, 2008, Paracloeodes pacawara Nieto & Salles, 2006 and Waltzoyphius roberti Thomas & Peru, 2002). Except for Moribaetis Waltz & McCafferty, 1985, Tomedontus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1995, Tupiara Salles, Lugo-Ortiz, Da-Silva & Francischetti, 2003 and Varipes Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998, all of the remaining genera that had been recorded from Brazil were found. One genus and one Cryptonympha species were found to be new to science.

Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) from Roraima, Brazil: new records and a key to genera and species at nymphal stage. Roraima is one of the Brazilian states where least is known regarding the family Baetidae; to date only four species have been recorded from the state. The aim of the present study is to improve knowledge of the family in Roraima based on collections that are mainly from northeastern and southeastern portions of the state. Thirty-two species were found; of this total, 14 are new records for the entire Northern Region of Brazil, and four species are new for the country (Camelobaetidius ortizi Dominique & Thomas, 2002, Cloeodes barituensis Nieto & Richard, 2008, Paracloeodes pacawara Nieto & Salles, 2006 and Waltzoyphius roberti Thomas & Peru, 2002). Except for Moribaetis Waltz & McCafferty, 1985, Tomedontus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1995, Tupiara Salles, Lugo-Ortiz, Da-Silva & Francischetti, 2003 and Varipes Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998, all of the remaining genera that had been recorded from Brazil were found. One genus and one Cryptonympha species were found to be new to science.

Cloeodes jaragua Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2003 Salles & Lugo-Ortiz 2003: 449; Dom��nguez et al. 2006: 149. Material examined: Brazil , RJ: Teres��polis, PARNASO, Rio Beija-Flor, 1.078m, 22 �� 26 '56.0"S / 43 ��00'03.4"W, 12.viii. 2009, Clarkson, B., De-Souza, M.R. & Gon��alves, I.C. leg. 1 male imago (DZRJ ��� Ephemeroptera 616); same data, 1 male imago (DZRJ ��� Ephemeroptera 621); same data, 1 female imago (DZRJ ��� Ephemeroptera 623); same data, 1 female imago (DZRJ ��� Ephemeroptera 624). All specimens were reared from nymphs. Male imago: Length: body 6.2-6.6 mm; fore wing 7.1-7.3 mm; hind wing 1.1-1.2 mm. Overall body coloration dark brown. Head (Figs. 1���2): Generally brown, area between ocelli whitish. Area immediately anterior to eyes possessing whitish marking. Ocelli whitish surrounded by black ring. Eyes black with turbinate portion orange brown, oval in shape. Stalks short (0.2mm), about a third of the eyes length, color orange brown with sub-apical whitish ring. In dorsal view, turbinate portion of eyes 1.4 times longer than wide. Antennae uniformly brown. Thorax: Pronotum and mesonotum dark brown. Anteronotal protuberance rounded. Prosternum dark brown with posterior half grayish. Lateral margins of mesonotum and mesoscutelar hump whitish. Metanotum dark brown. Mesosternum and metasternum dark brown. Metascutellar hump projected dorsoposteriorlly. Wings: Wing venation brown, membrane translucent brown. Fore wings (Figs 5���7): basal two thirds of costal margin with intermittent small sharp spines (Fig. 5). Spines more densely distributed at base of wings becoming scattered toward apex. Marginal intercalaries beginning between R 1 -R 2 veins, first and last two intercalaries single, remaing intercalaries paired and sequenced in each cell as short-long/long-short/short-long/ etc (Figs. 6���7). Hind wings bearing two longitudinal veins. Costal projection hook-like, placed at basal third of hind wings (Fig. 8). Legs: Fore femora brown with distal orange brown band. Tibiae brown, grayish at apex. Tarsi and claws whitish. First two tarsal segments and basal half of third washed with gray. Mid and hind legs whitish. Abdomen (Fig. 3���4): Tergum I dark brown. Terga II���VI with lateral and posterior margins dark brown. Terga II���V light brown. Terga II and III suffused with dark brown. Tergum VI dark brown bearing two median light brown markings. Terga VII���IX reddish dark brown with a pair of median light brown spots. Tergum X dark brown, posterior margin whitish. Sterna I and II washed with dark brown. Sterna III���VI light brown, lateral and posterior margins dark brown. Sterna V���VIII with pair of apical dark brown spots. Sterna VII���IX whitish. Caudal filaments light brown with reddish brown annulations at joints. Genitalia (Fig. 9): Forceps brown. First segment of forceps with distolateral projection on inner margin. Second segment medially with constriction and inner distolateral projection. Projection bearing fine setae. Third segment short and rounded. Female imago: Length: body 7.4-7.8 mm; fore wing 7.3-8.4 mm; hind wing 1.1-1.2 mm. Females similar to male except dorsoposterior projection of metascutellar hump somewhat more pointed. Four species of Cloeodes present a constriction at the second segment of forceps (as in Fig. 9): Cloeodes jaragua, C. maculipes, C.anduzei and C. hydation. As in C. maculipes, the first segment of the forceps of C. jaragua also possesses a distolateral projection. Although this projection is not described by Traver (1938), it is illustrated on the drawing of C. maculipes genitalia (see Traver 1938, fig. 13). Additionally, of the species mentioned above, the imagos of C. jaragua and C. hydation are the only ones to possess hind wing, sharing several wings characteristics, as follows: fore wings bearing small spines on costal margin; marginal intercalaries begining between R 1 -R 2, following the pattern short-long/ long-short/short-long (Figs. 6 ��� 7); hind wings with two longitudinal veins; costal projection at basal third of the wing (Fig. 8). The presence of a distolateral projection adjacent to the constriction at the second segment of the forceps is a diagnostic character of C. jaragua. Diagnose. Males of C. jaragua can be distinguish from other species of Cloeodes by the following combination of characters: (1) hind wings present, costal projection hook-like placed at basal third; (2) abdominal color pattern as in figures 3���4; (3) first segment of forceps with distolateral projection on inner margin; (4) second segment of the forceps bearing distolateral projection immediately adjacent to constriction (Fig. 7)., Published as part of Gon��alves, In��s Corr��a, De-Souza, M��rcia Regina & Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, 2010, Description of the imagos of Cloeodes jaragua Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2003 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 65-68 in Zootaxa 2487 on pages 65-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293251, {"references":["Dominguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M. L., Hubbard, M. D. & Nieto, C. (2006) Ephemeroptera of South America. Aquatic Biodiversity of Latin America In: Adis, J.; Arias, J. R.; Rueda-Delgado, G. & Wantseb, K. M. (Eds.), Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America (ABLA). Vol. 2. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscou, 646 pp.","Traver, J. R. (1938) Mayflies of Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico Puerto Rico, 22 (1), 5 - 42."]}

Cloeodes incus (Waltz & McCafferty) n. comb. (Figs. 31–42) Bernerius incus Waltz & McCafferty, 1987 a: 181. Baetis (?) sp. B. Berner, 1980: 190. Diagnosis. Cloeodes incus n. comb., known from nymphs, can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: 1) labrum (Fig. 31) with one subapical seta centrally and two setae near lateral margin, anterior margin with basally bifid setae near midline and apically bifid setae near lateral margin; 2) mandibles without setae between prostheca and mola; 3) left mandible with thumb of molar area in the same plane as anterior margin (Fig. 32); 4) right mandible with incisors cleft in two sets (Fig. 33); 5) lingua with a rounded projection (Fig. 34); 6) maxillary palpi long, 1.5 times the length of galealacinia, two segmented, segment II with a constriction (Fig. 35); 7) labium with segment III of palpi rounded (Fig. 36); 8) hind wing pads present; 9) dorsal edge of femora (Fig. 37) with a row of pointed spines and apically rounded (as in Fig. 63), femora, tibiae and tarsi with bipectinate spines; 10) tarsal claws with minute denticles basally (Fig. 38); 11) posterior margins of abdominal terga with spines (Fig. 39), sterna with long fine setae randomly distributed throughout; 12) gills pointed apically (Fig. 40); 13) posterior margin of paraprocts with spines apically (Fig. 41); 14) caudal filaments with simple setae, and with whorl of spines on each segment (Fig. 42). Material examined. Paratypes: 2 nymphs: BOLIVIA, trib. Río Umalo o Grande, below Calamarca on La Paz, Oruro Rd, 18 / VII/ 1977, S. S. Roback & L. Berner colls. Material housed in FAMU.

Cloeodes barituensis n. sp. (Figs. 1���14) Male imago (Fig. 1). Length: body, 5.9���6.1 mm; fore wings, 6.7���6.8 mm. Head yellowish brown. Compound eyes orange brown, height of stalk half length of eye diameter. Antennae yellowish brown. Thorax yellowish brown. Legs pale yellow. Leg I: tibia 1.5 times the length of femur; tarsi as long as tibia with 4 segments decreasing in length apically. Fore wings (Fig. 2) hyaline, except costal and subcostal spaces translucent, hind wings absent. Abdomen: segments I, VII���X yellowish brown; segments II���VI pale yellow, posterior margins of terga with a dark transverse line. Genitalia (Fig. 3) with bases of forceps close together, segment III rounded. Cerci yellow. Female imago. Length: body, 7.2���7.3 mm; fore wings, 8 mm. Similar to male imago except head yellow. Fore wings (Fig. 4) with marginal intercalary veins single. Cerci yellowish brown. Nymph (Fig. 5). Length: body, 5.0��� 6.5 mm; cerci, 1.6���1.8 mm; terminal filament, 1.5���1.6 mm. Antennae, 1.4���1.7 mm. Head yellow, longer than wide; compound eyes of the male grey brown. Antennae (Fig. 6) pale yellow, 1.5 times the head capsule, pedicel 1.5 times the length of scape. Mouthparts: labrum (Fig. 7) with one subapical seta centrally and two setae near lateral margin, anterior margin with basally bifid setae near midline and apically bifid setae near lateral margin. Left mandible (similar to Fig. 57), without setae between prostheca and mola, thumb of molar area transverse to anterior margin. Right mandible (Fig. 8) without setae between prostheca and mola. Hypopharynx (Fig. 9): lingua with a rounded projection. Maxillae (Fig. 10), palpi as long as galea-lacinia, two segmented, segment II with a constriction. Labium (similar to Fig. 61), with segment III of palpi rounded. Thorax yellowish brown, median line yellow. Fore wing pads yellow. Sterna pale yellow. Legs yellow, tarsi and tarsal claws yellowish brown. Femora (Fig. 11) dorsally with a row of short blunt spines, ventrally with spines, apically with a subquadrangular projection (similar to Fig. 48). Tibia with bipectinate spines. Tarsi with short spines. Tarsal claws 0.4 times the length of tarsi. Hind wing pads absent. Abdominal color pattern with segments I, X and anterior margin of segment II yellowish brown, segments IV, VIII and IX yellow, other segments yellowish brown with yellow spots as in Fig. 5. Posterior margin of terga with spines as in Fig. 12, except tergum I smooth. Sterna pale yellow, sterna II���VI with a small tuft of long fine setae laterally on each side. Paraprocts with spines apically, similar to Fig. 67. Gills (Fig. 13) translucent white, 2 times the length of each tergum, trachea pigmented. Caudal filaments yellow, 1 / 3 apically yellowish brown, with flattened setae basally sclerotized (similar to Fig. 30). Cerci with long spines toward external margin every two segments, terminal filament with long spines toward midline dorsally and ventrally every two segments (Fig. 14). Etymology. Barit�� is the name of one of the rivers where this species was collected. Diagnosis. Cloeodes barituensis n. sp. can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters. In the imago, 1) female with fore wings with single marginal intercalary veins, male with fore wings with paired marginal intercalary veins; 2) hind wings absent; 3) male with genitalia (Fig. 3) with bases of forceps close together, segment III rounded. In the nymph, 1) hind wing pads absent; 2) posterior margin of abdominal tergum I smooth (Fig. 5); 3) abdominal color pattern with segments I, X and anterior margin of segment II yellowish brown, segments IV, VIII and IX yellowish, other segments yellowish brown with yellow spots as in Fig. 5; 4) femora apically with a subquadrangular projection (similar to Fig. 48); 5) dorsal edge of femora with a row of blunt spines (similar to Fig. 48); 6) caudal filaments with flattened setae basally sclerotized (similar to Fig. 30), cerci with long spines toward to external margin every two segments and terminal filament with long spines toward midline dorsally and ventrally every two segments (Fig. 14). Material. Holotype: male nymph: ARGENTINA, Salta, R��o Colorado, S 23 �� 22 '09'', W 64 �� 28 ' 11 '', 406 m, 1 / VI/ 2000, Romero, Molineri, Manzo & Nieto colls. Paratypes: 30 nymphs same data as holotype; 1 male imago (reared), 3 male and 2 female imagos, 20 male and 4 female subimagos: Depto. Santa Victoria, Barit��, R��o Barit��, 1500 m, 10���17 / IX/ 1981, Dom��nguez col.; 5 nymphs: Aguas Blancas, Estaci��n Jakulica, R��o Pescado, Arroyo Arrazayal, 7���11 / XII/ 1984, Dom��nguez col. Material housed in IFML., Published as part of Nieto, Carolina & Richard, Barton, 2008, The genus Cloeodes (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Argentina with new generic synonymy and new species, pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 1727 on pages 6-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181238

Cloeodes opacus n. sp. (Figs. 43���51) Nymph (Fig. 43). Length: body, 5.3���5.5 mm; cerci, 2.2���2.3; terminal filament, 1.9 ���2.0 mm. Antennae, 1.8��� 1.9 mm. Head dark brown, longer than wide; compound eyes in the male brown. Antennae: scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum pale yellow, 2 times the head capsule; pedicel 1.5 times the length of the scape. Mouthparts: labrum (Fig. 44) with one subapical seta centrally and two setae near lateral margin, anterior margin with basally bifid setae near midline and apically bifid setae near lateral margin (Fig. 45). Left mandible (similar to Fig. 57), without setae between prostheca and mola, thumb of molar area transverse to anterior margin. Right mandible (similar to Fig. 58) without setae between prostheca and mola, prostheca bifid. Hypopharynx (similar to Fig. 9): lingua blunt apically. Maxillae (similar to Fig. 60), palpi as long as galea-lacinia, two segmented, segment II with a constriction. Labium (Fig. 46), segment III of palpi subquadrangular. Thorax dark brown, with spots as in Fig. 43. Fore wings yellowish brown, sterna pale yellow. Legs (Fig. 47) dark brown. Femora dorsally with a row of blunt spines, apically with a quadrangular projection with two blunt spines (Fig. 48). Tarsi with a row of spines. Tarsal claws 0.3 times the length of tarsi. Hind wing pads absent. Abdomen dark brown, color pattern with segments I���IX with medial yellow markings as in Fig. 43, segment X brown. Posterior margin of terga with spines as in Fig. 49. Sterna pale yellow, segments II���VI with a small tuft of long fine setae laterally on each side. Gills (Fig. 50) translucent white and rounded, 2 times the length of each tergum, main branch of trachea and a few secondary branches pigmented. Paraprocts, with spines apically as in Fig. 51. Cerci pale yellow, apical third yellowish brown with flattened setae basally sclerotized (similar to Fig. 30). Cerci with long spines toward external margin every two segments, terminal filament with long spines toward midline ventrally and dorsally every two segments (similar to Fig. 14). Etymology. Opacus: from Latin, dark. For the general coloration of this species. Diagnosis. Cloeodes opacus n. sp. can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: 1) dorsal edge of femora with a row of blunt spines, apically with a subquadrangular projection (Fig. 48); 2) abdominal color pattern dark brown with segments I���IX with medial yellow markings as in Fig. 43, segment X brown; 3) hind wing pads absent; 4) segment III of labial palpi subquadrangular (Fig. 46); 5) caudal filaments with flattened setae basally sclerotized (similar to Fig. 30), cerci with long spines toward external margin every two segments, terminal filament with long spines toward midline dorsally and ventrally every two segments (similar to Fig. 14). Material. Holotype: female nymph: ARGENTINA, Misiones, Pque. Prov. Urugua-i, Paraje Ma. Soledad, arroyo afluente R��o Tateto, S 25 �� 51 ' 39 '', W 53 �� 58 ' 55 '', 410 m, 30 / XI/ 2001, Dom��nguez, Orce & Nieto colls. Paratypes: 7 nymphs, same data as holotype. Material housed in IFML., Published as part of Nieto, Carolina & Richard, Barton, 2008, The genus Cloeodes (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Argentina with new generic synonymy and new species, pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 1727 on page 13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181238

Cloeodes espinillo n. sp. (Figs. 15���30) Male imago (Fig. 15). Length: body, 6.4���6.5 mm. Fore wings, 5.9 ���6.0; hind wings 1.1���1.2 mm. Head yellowish brown, compound eyes pale yellow, height of stalk half length of eye diameter. Antennae pale yellow. Thorax yellowish brown, sterna yellowish brown. Legs pale yellow. Leg I: tibia 1.5 times the length of femur, tarsi as long as tibia with 4 segments decreasing in length apically. Fore wings (Fig. 16) hyaline, except costal and subcostal spaces translucent. Hind wings (Figs. 17 a and b) present, 0.2 times the length of fore wing; costal projection pointed and located in the basal third of anterior margin. Posterior margin of the metanotum strongly projected dorsoventrally (Fig. 18). Abdomen pale yellow. Genitalia (Fig. 19) with bases of forceps close together, segment III rounded. Cerci pale yellow. Female imago. Length: body, 6.6���6.7 mm. Fore wings, 7.2 mm; hind wings, 1.2 mm. Similar to male imago except thorax yellow. Abdomen yellow with tracheae pigmented. Nymph (Fig. 20). Length: body, 5.5 ���6.0 mm; cerci, 2.8 ���3.0 mm; terminal filament, 2.5 mm. Head yellowish brown, longer than wide; compound eyes of the male yellowish brown. Antennae pale yellow, 3 times the head capsule; pedicel 1.5 times the length of scape. Mouthpart: labrum (Fig. 21) with one subapical seta centrally and two setae near lateral margin, anterior margin with basally bifid setae near midline and apically bifid setae near lateral margin. Left mandible (Fig. 22) without setae between prostheca and mola, thumb of molar area transverse to anterior margin. Right mandible without setae between prostheca and mola (similar to Fig. 58). Hypopharynx (Fig. 23): lingua with a rounded projection. Maxillae (similar to Fig. 60), palpi as long as galea-lacinia, two segmented, segment II with a constriction. Labium (Fig. 24) with segment III of palpi rounded. Thorax yellowish brown (Fig. 20). Fore wing pads pale yellow. Sterna pale yellow. Legs (Fig. 25) yellow. Dorsal edge of femora with a row of pointed spines, apically with a subquadrangular projection with a pair of blunt spines (Fig. 26). Tarsi with a row of short spines. Tarsal claws 0.4 times the length of tarsi. Hind wing pads present. Abdomen yellowish brown, segments II���III and VI with brown spots as in Fig. 20, segment IX���X brown, posterior margin of terga with spines (Fig. 27). Sterna pale yellow, segments II���VI with a small tuft of long fine setae laterally on each side (Fig. 28). Paraprocts with spines apically (similar to Fig. 51). Gills translucent white, 2 times the length of each tergum, main trachea pigmented (Fig. 29). Caudal filaments yellow, apical third yellowish brown, with flattened setae basally sclerotized (Fig. 30). Cerci (Fig. 30) with long spines toward external margin every two segments, terminal filament with long spines toward midline dorsally and Etymology. Espinillo is the name of one of the rivers where this species was collected. Diagnosis. Cloeodes espinillo n. sp. can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters. In the male imago, 1) hind wings 0.2 times the length of the fore wings (Figs. 16, 17 a); 2) hind wings (Fig. 17 b) with costal projection located in the first third of the anterior margin; 3) genitalia (Fig. 19) with bases of forceps close together, segment III rounded. In the nymph, 1) hind wing pads present; 2) lingua with a rounded projection (Fig. 23); 3) dorsal edge of femora with a row of pointed spines, apically with a subquadrangular projection with a pair of blunt spines (Fig. 26); 4) abdominal color pattern yellowish brown with segments II���III and VI with brown spots as in Fig. 20, segments IX���X brown; 5) caudal filaments with flattened setae basally sclerotized (Fig. 30), cerci with long spines toward external margin every two segments and terminal filament with long spines toward midline dorsally and ventrally every two segments (similar to Fig. 14). Material. Holotype: male nymph: ARGENTINA, C��rdoba, R��o Los Espinillos, 13���16 / IX/ 1997, Nieto & Molineri colls. Paratypes: 4 nymphs, 5 male imagos (reared) and 16 male imagos, same data as holotype. 18 nymphs: Depto. Pocho, arroyito afluente R��o Pocho, S 31 �� 13 ' 17 '', W 65 ��08' 26 '', 1030 m, 14 / XI/ 2001, Orce & Nieto colls. Material housed in IFML., Published as part of Nieto, Carolina & Richard, Barton, 2008, The genus Cloeodes (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Argentina with new generic synonymy and new species, pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 1727 on pages 8-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181238

Cloeodes Traver Cloeodes Traver, 1938: 32; Waltz & McCafferty, 1987 a: 177; 1987 b: 192; McCafferty & Lugo-Ortiz, 1995: 33 (Type species: Cloeodes maculipes Traver, original designation. Notobaetis Morihara & Edmunds, 1980: 606; McCafferty & Lugo-Ortiz, 1995: 33 (Type species: Notobaetis penai Morihara & Edmunds, original designation). Centroptella Braasch & Sold��n, 1980: 123 (in part). Maliqua Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1997: 368. Potamocloeon Gillies, 1990: 207. Bernerius Waltz & McCafferty, 1987 a: 179. SYN. NOV. Diagnosis. The genus Cloeodes can be distinguished from the other genera of the family by the following combination of characters. In the adults, 1) fore wings with paired or single marginal intercalary veins; 2) hind wings if present with 2 or 3 longitudinal veins, never bifurcate; 3) genitalia with forceps three-segmented, segment III rounded. In the nymphs, 1) antennae 1.5���3 times the head capsule, scape 1���1.5 times the length of pedicel; 2) labrum scarcely wider than long; 3) mandibles with or without setae between prostheca and mola; 4) left mandible with incisors fused apically, prostheca with denticles apically; 5) right mandible with incisors cleft in two sets, prostheca slender and branched; 6) superlinguae with apicolateral margins with short spines; 7) maxillae with palpi 1���1.5 times the length of galea-lacinia, two-segmented, segment II with a constriction; 8) segment II of labial palpi without projection; 9) dorsal margin of femora with spines, tibiae with a subproximal arc of fine setae; 10) tarsal claws 0.3���0.6 times the length of tarsi, if denticles present minute; 11) hind wing pads absent or present; 12) posterior margin of abdominal terga with spines, sterna II���VI each with long fine setae; 13) gills present on abdominal segments I���VII; 14) paraprocts with spines apically; 15) terminal filament subequal to cerci. The above diagnosis applies to Cloeodes of South America and is modified from the diagnoses of Waltz & McCafferty (1987 a,b) and Dom��nguez et al. (2006). Bernerius was established by Waltz & McCafferty (1987 a) and was considered to be the sister group of Cloeodes based on the shared synapomorphies of 1) left mandible with incisors fused apically, and a stout prostheca, 2) right mandible with incisors partially fused but separated apically, 3) right prostheca slender and furcate, 4) the presence of an arc of long, fine setae subproximally on the tibia, and 5) simple asymmetrically lamellate and broadly pointed gills. A comparison of the diagnostic characters listed for the two genera yields the following distinct character differences; Bernerius has the thumb of the molar area of the left mandible in the same plane as the anterior margin and abundant long, fine setae ventrally on most abdominal segments, while Cloeodes has the thumb of the molar area transverse to the anterior margin and ventral setae of the abdomen restricted to small tufts of long, fine setae laterally on each side of segments II���VI. Bernerius is said to retain the plesiomorphous condition of abundant long, fine setae on the venter of most abdominal segments, but no examples are given, nor an explanation to explain why this character state would be considered plesiomorphic. None of the outgroup taxa used in this analysis possessed any long, fine setae on the venter of the abdomen. The character of the thumb of the molar area of the left mandible being transverse to the plane of the anterior margin is also ambiguous with regard to ancestral state within the Baetidae. The majority of South American baetid genera have left mandibles with the thumb of the molar area transverse to the plane of the anterior margin. Only a few taxa possess a left mandible with the thumb of the molar area in the same plane as the anterior margin as does Bernerius. This cladistic analysis suggests that these two characters are autapomorphies for Bernerius incus. The results of the phylogenetic analysis found Bernerius to be included within the genus Cloeodes. For this reason Bernerius is placed as a junior subjective synonym of Cloeodes and B. incus is transferred to this genus., Published as part of Nieto, Carolina & Richard, Barton, 2008, The genus Cloeodes (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Argentina with new generic synonymy and new species, pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 1727 on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181238, {"references":["Traver J. R. (1938) Mayflies of Puerto Rico. The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 22 (1), 5 - 42.","Waltz R. D. & McCafferty W. P. (1987 a) Generic Revision of Cloeodes and description of two new Genera (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 89 (1), 177 - 184. Waltz R. D. & McCafferty W. P. (1987 b) Revision of the Genus Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 80, 191 - 207.","McCafferty W. P. & Lugo-Ortiz C. R. (1995) Cloeodes hydation, n. sp. (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae): an extraordinary, drought tolerant mayfly from Brazil. Entomological News, 106 (1), 29 - 35.","Morihara D. K. & Edmunds G. F. (1980) Notobaetis: a new Genus of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) from South America. International Revue gesamten Hydrobiologie, 65 (4), 605 - 610.","Braasch D. & Soldan T. (1980) Centroptella n. gen., eine neue Gattung der Eintagsfliegen aus China (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Reichenbachia, 18, 123 - 127.","Lugo-Ortiz C. R. & McCafferty W. P. (1997) Maliqua: a new genus of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) for a species previously assigned to Afroptilum. Entomological News, 108 (5), 367 - 371.","Gillies, M. T. (1990) A new genus for the Afrotropical mayfly, Cloeon dentatum Kimmins (Ephem., Baetidae). Entomologist´s Monthly Magazine, 126, 207 - 208.","Dominguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M. L., Hubbard, M. D. & Nieto, C. (2006) Ephemeroptera of South America. In: Adis, J., Arias, J. R., Rueda-Delgado, G. & K. M. Wantzen (Eds.), Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America (ABLA). Vol. 2. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, 646 pp."]}

Cloeodes penai (Morihara & Edmunds) (Figs. 52���67) Notobaetis penai Morihara & Edmunds, 1980: 606. Cloeodes penai Waltz & McCafferty, 1987 a: 179. Cloeodes (Notobaetis) penai, Waltz & McCafferty, 1987 b: 196 Diagnosis. Cloeodes penai can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters. In the adult, 1) hind wings small, 0.1 times the length of fore wings (Figs. 52, 53a), costal projection located in the center of anterior margin (Fig. 53 b); 2) genitalia (Fig. 54) bases of forceps close together, segment III rounded. In the nymphs, 1) antennae with scape subequal in length to pedicel (Fig. 55); 2) labrum (Fig. 56) with one subapical seta centrally and two setae near lateral margin, anterior margin with basally bifid setae near midline and apically bifid setae near lateral margin; 3) left mandible without setae between prostheca and mola, thumb of molar area transverse to anterior margin (Fig. 57); 4) right mandible with prostheca bifid (Fig. 58); 5) lingua with a rounded projection (Fig. 59); 6) maxillary palpi subequal to galea-lacinia (Fig. 60); 7) labial palpi with segment III rounded (Fig. 61); 8) hind wing pads present, though very small; 9) dorsal edge of femora with a row of pointed spines, and apically rounded (Fig. 63), femora, tibiae and tarsi with bipectinate spines (Figs. 62, 64); 10) tarsal claws without denticles (Fig. 64); 11) posterior margin of abdominal terga with spines (Fig. 65); 12) gills elongate, broadly acute posteriorly, sometimes rounded (Fig. 66); 13) posterior margin of paraprocts with spines (Fig. 67); 14) caudal filaments with simple setae, and with whorl of spines on each segment (as in Fig. 42). Distribution. Argentina: C��rdoba and Tucum��n. Material examined. Paratypes: 2 nymphs: ARGENTINA, C��rdoba prov, Copina (ca. 25 km WNW Alta Gracia) elev. 1650 m, 11���14 / IV/ 1967, L. Pe��a. (FSCA E 1010 T); 1 male imago (reared): Tucum��n prov, La Cascada, La Sala, 7 / XI/ 1981, Dom��nguez col.; 8 nymphs: Tucum��n, San Javier, Arroyo Los Noques, 3 / VIII/ 1978, Bertikian col. Paratypes housed in FAMU, other material in IFML. Cloeodes stelzneri (Weyenbergh) Nomen dubium Clo�� stelzneri Weyenbergh, 1883: 170. Baetis stelzneri; Eaton, 1885: 171. Cloeodes stelzneri; Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1999: 259. Discussion. This species was originally described by Weyenbergh (1883) from adults from Santa Fe and was placed in Clo��. Eaton (1885) transferred this species to the genus Baetis, but he worked with material from C��rdoba, Argentina (see Eaton, 1885: 171). Later, Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty (1999) concluded, based on size, distribution, and possession of a small lancetlike costal process on the hind wings, that this species belonged to Cloeodes. They also suggested a possible synonymy between this species and Cloeodes penai based on similarity of the hind wings. However, this single characteristic is not sufficient for the synonymy of the two species. Moreover, the type material is apparently lost (Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1999) so it will be impossible to assign fresh material to this species. For these reasons, Cloeodes stelzneri is proposed here as a nomen dubium. Distribution. Argentina: Santa Fe and C��rdoba., Published as part of Nieto, Carolina & Richard, Barton, 2008, The genus Cloeodes (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Argentina with new generic synonymy and new species, pp. 1-21 in Zootaxa 1727 on pages 13-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181238, {"references":["Morihara D. K. & Edmunds G. F. (1980) Notobaetis: a new Genus of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) from South America. International Revue gesamten Hydrobiologie, 65 (4), 605 - 610.","Waltz R. D. & McCafferty W. P. (1987 a) Generic Revision of Cloeodes and description of two new Genera (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 89 (1), 177 - 184. Waltz R. D. & McCafferty W. P. (1987 b) Revision of the Genus Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 80, 191 - 207.","Weyenbergh H. (1883) Bjdrage tot de kennis der Zuid-Amerikaansche Ephemeriden. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 26, 159 - 174.","Lugo-Ortiz C. R. & McCafferty W. P. (1999) Revision of South American species of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) previously placed in Baetis Leach and Pseudocloeon Klapalek. Annales of Limnologie, 35 (4), 257 - 262."]}

Three new species of Cloeodes are described from Argentina (C. barituensis, C. espinillo and C. opacus), based on nymphs and from adults for the first two species. Two species, C. stelzneri and C. nocturnus, are proposed as nomen dubia. The only other species from Argentina, C. penai, is revised. The validity of the monotypic genus Bernerius is analyzed. A cladistic analysis including five species of the genus Cloeodes and Bernerius is presented and the synonymy of the latter is confirmed. A key for South American species of Cloeodes is presented. Fil: Nieto Peñalver, María Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical; Argentina Fil: Barton, Richard. Florida A&M University; Estados Unidos

In the present work, based on material from distinct mountain ranges in Brazil, 11 new species of Cloeodes with hind wings or hind wing pads are described, illustrated and discussed. Among the new species, in C. aiuruoca, C. amantykyra, C. atlanticus, C. boldrinii and C. ioachimi, the apex of the fore femora in the nymphs is extremely projected (a characteristic previously found only in two species of the genus). Cloeodes guara and C. tracheatus share the presence of unusual large and dark gills. Cloeodes melanotarsus is readily distinguished by conspicuous blackish tarsi, C. lucifer by the bright yellow coloration of tergum I, and C. xyrognathos by blade-like incisors. Cloeodes magnus, besides being the largest species of the genus, with a body size reaching 12 mm, possess short maxillary palp. Comments on the presence of C. irvingi and C. opacus in Brazil are also provided. An interactive online key is provided for the nymphs of all the species of Cloeodes in which hind wing pads are present.

The male imago of Cloeodes irvingi Waltz & McCafferty, 1987 is described for the first time based on reared nymphs collected from the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. It is differentiated from Neotropical congeners, among other characteristics, by the marginal intercalary veins being paired, except between veins ICu1–ICu2 and ICu2–CuP where they are single and between Sc–R1 and CuP–A where they are absent; segment II of forceps with a medial constriction; and the posterior margin of the subgenital plate being rounded. The nymph of this species is redescribed based on new and original specimens. It is differentiated from Neotropical congeners, among others characteristics, by having a labrum with a dorsal arc composed of 2 + 0 + 2 long, spine-like setae, a labial palp segment III that is subquadrangular, and the fore femur with an apex that is not projected, with 2 blunt setae.

The genus Paracloeodes Day, 1955, included originally one new species, Paracloeodes abditus Day, 1955, known from nymphs and adults from the USA and one species transferred from Cloeodes Traver, 1938, P. portoricensis (Traver, 1938) from Puerto Rico. Later, McCafferty & Waltz (1990) synonymized the type species with Paracloeodes minutus (Daggy, 1945). Currently, the genus is represented in the New World by 19 species with 14 species reported from South America.

New records and notes on the distribution of the family Baetidae are presented. The following genera are reported for this region: Americabaetis, Apobaetis, Aturbina, Baetodes, Callibaetis, Camelobaetidius, Cloeodes, Cryptonympha, Guajirolus, Paracloeodes, Rivudiva, Spiritiops, Waltzoyphius and Zelusia. With the results of the present study, the Northeast Region of Brazil ceases to be one of Brazil's five geographic regions with the least-known Baetidae fauna to become the region with the second highest number of known species in the family, increasing the number from 15 to 36 species.

In the present work, two new species of Cloeodes Traver are described based on nymphs and adults collected in the State of Espirito Santo, Southeastern Brazil. The main characteristics that distinguish the new species from its congeners are, in C. itajara sp. nov.: a) labrum with dorsal arc of setae composed of 12 setae, b) segment III of labial palp with robust and pectinate setae on inner margin, c) fore femur with apex projected, with 5−6 blunt setae, d) male imago with abdominal terga V−VII with a anterolateral triangular black mark; in C. aymore sp. nov.: a) labrum with dorsal arc of setae composed of 1 + 0 + 3 setae, b) fore femur with apex projected, with 2 blunt setae, c) male imago with abdominal terga IV with kidney-like median brown mark.

The genus Cloeodes is poorly reported for Uruguay, until now only C. aymara was described from this region. Here we describe three new species of Cloeodes from this country: C. dialutoi, C. guenoa and C. vaimaca, all of them based on nymphs. The species C. opacus is reported for the first time in Uruguay. A discussion of each taxon is included as well as drawings of the new species. A revised and updated key for male imagos and nymphs of South American species of Cloeodes is presented.