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Edition of a papyrus from the Sorbonne's collection that was recovered during the excavations of Pierre Jouguet in Magdola and Ghoran; it contains an unpublished enteuxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibration in thin plates is a common issue in structural engineering that can significantly impact the performance of structures. One crucial objective is to control vibration intensity. Metamaterials offer a promising solution to this challenge. Herein, a multiband elastic waveguide cloak that uses metamaterials and does not require active components or complex designs is introduced. By converting flexural waves to waveguide-trapped waves, a cloaking region with negligible vibration can be created. Herein, independent mode conversion channels for elastic waves, which could lead to new approaches to modulating elastic waves, are discovered. The experiment results are in excellent agreement with the numerical simulation results and demonstrate a waveguide cloaking effect. This design has a compact structure and exhibits multiband performance, making it highly suitable for vibration control in various scenarios, including the aerospace industry, bridge engineering, and shock-absorbing platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metamaterials are artificial materials that can achieve unusual properties through unique structures. In particular, their "invisibility" property has attracted enormous attention due to its little or negligible disturbance to the background field that avoids detection. This invisibility feature is not only useful for the optical field, but it is also important for any field manipulation that requires minimum disturbance to the background, such as the flow field manipulation inside the human body. There are several conventional invisible metamaterial designs: a cloak can isolate the influence between the internal and external fields, a concentrator can concentrate the external field to form an intensified internal field, and a rotator can rotate the internal field by a specific angle with respect to the external field. However, a multifunctional invisible device that can continuously tune across all these functions has never been realized due to its challenging requirements on material properties. Inside a porous medium flow, however, we overcome these challenges and realize such a multifunctional metamaterial. Our hydrodynamic device can manipulate both the magnitude and the direction of the internal flow and, at the same time, make negligible disturbance to the external flow. Thus, we integrate the functions of the cloak, concentrator, and rotator within one single hydrodynamic metamaterial, and such metamaterials may find potential applications in biomedical areas such as tissue engineering and drug release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manipulating transient mass transfer plays a crucial role in physics, chemistry, biology, and other fields. One typical example is chemical waves, whose concentration profiles have spatiotemporal variations. Based on a general model associated with the advection‐diffusion equation, an optimized transformation‐mass‐transfer theory is proposed to flexibly control transient mass transfer. As an example application, a class of separators is theoretically designed to achieve the separation of chemical waves. Meanwhile, three typical types of devices for cloaking, concentrating, and rotating chemical waves are proposed successfully, thus offering more versatile control methods. Such theoretical analysis is well confirmed by the computer simulations. These results provide insights into novel manipulation of chemical waves associated with biochemical reactions and promote potential applications for transient mass diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the ancient site of Aquae Sulis, now Bath in Somerset, there was a temple dedicated to the goddess Sulis-Minerva and the only natural spa complex in Roman Britain. Here a group of laminae written on lead was discovered, many of which were composed after a theft suffered from the petitioner, who always asks for restitution of the stolen good and in some cases also for punishment for the guilty. In one of these laminae in particular, nr. 62, the integration that has been proposed affects the way in which the complaint is made ("I X have lost (my) Italian, Greek, Gallic cloak") and raises some problems. After the analysis of the editioprinceps, whose interpretation is also accepted in subsequent works, we will offer an alternative which consists in a different integration of the lacuna concerning the first word (la[neum] instead of la[enam]). This new interpretation is based also on the double function of pallium, that, specified as woollen cloth, is not to be considered as a garment, but as an accessory to be used after the bath, as it is well explained by the semantic ambivalence of the word 'cloak or cloth', due to the fact that it is wrapped around the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embroidery is one of the handicrafts that elevate the value of the piece and earn it glamor. Nowadays, embroidery has become an important element in clothing, whether it is hand embroidery or automatic to add it to fabrics of greatness and beauty. Women's cloak is one of the most important pieces of clothing for women, expressing the customs and traditions of societies, and it has maintained its authenticity since its inception and to this day, has spread its use at all levels of social and economic different in the Egyptian society, Because embroidery is a special artistic process, its results depend on several factors of aesthetic form, the time taken to produce it, and thus the economic factor. Therefore, this research sought to provide new embroidery methods to save time and effort and get the same aesthetic form of design, Two methods of bead embroidery were used, one by the hand method (traditional) and the other in a contemporary fashion (loom beads), to conduct a comparative study to reach the best ways to enrich the women's cloak by using 4 mm crystal beads in constant colors for each of the three designs (1 vegetarian, 1 geometric, 1 animal) and were executed on gowns of black crepe cloth. A survey was conducted for specialists in the field of clothing and textiles as well as for consumers. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA analysis, mean, standard deviation and quality factor. The research found that the bead-thread embroidery method was better than the usual manual embroidery method with a quality factor of 96.92 and 62.36 respectively for the professionals and 95.56 and 59.53 respectively For consumers in achieving the evaluation aspects (as a whole).

Textiles are presented in various ways as one of the basic human needs and also one of his most important and most applicable inventions which can be studied in three parts: historical, technical and chemical. From the beginning of the spinning invention in the ancient world to the present century, in addition to the techniques, texture and quality of used materials, the culture and geography of each region are influential factors in how different types of fabric are formed and designed. Hence, it is an obvious fact that certain types of textiles in the world are presented by the particular geographic region that are not known and used in other regions. During Medieval era everything in Western societies such as culture, art, economics, etc. was given to the Christian religion and the church. In museums around the world can find a variety of artifacts, including medieval surviving fabrics that have appeared in a purely religious approach to symbolism. In most cases, the difference between fabrics has been manifested in the field of symbolism; but in Northern Europe, the difference between fabrics is not merely symbols and techniques; but because of their particular geographical location and cold weather, historically, people in these areas have provided the world with certain fabrics whose main purpose was to protect the body from the cold, and is still used by the inhabitants of this areas today. In this study, it is assumed that these textiles were used only to protect the body against cold and that it is of great value because of its use in religious doctrines. In the present study, we have tried to use library research method and related documents to introduce and describe various types of pile cloak used in medieval in the northern European countries, which have not been the focus of attention for textile researchers so far. This paper seeks to answer these questions: What is the historical origin and application of these particular textiles? How is the weaving method of shaggy fluffy cloak? And why is it more religiously valuable? The statistical population of this study is the most famous woolen shawls left in various churches and museums around the world, matching them with shown fluffy cloak in six major artworks from the Medieval Era and the Renaissance. For the first time between 1950 and 1980 many researchers and archaeologists like Henshall, Guðjónsson and Schlabow studied textiles discovered in northern Europe from the middle Ages, including the Netherlands, Iceland, and Scotland, and referred to fluffy textiles. Historical studies have confirmed the presence of these textiles from the tenth and eleventh centuries. Fluffy fabrics have different types, but they consist of two general groups: the first group is textiles on which the lint is sewn on them and the lint and fabric are separated. In the second group, lint is part of the fabric texture, the most important of which is the Shaggy. All of the medieval Shogi textiles, except the two which mentioned in this article, have been lost throughout history, and today there are only a handful of books and archives left. In this study, we identified and cited 7 examples cited in various sources. The leading essay examines these important achievements of fabric history in two sections of historical and technical studies, and finally outlines the reconstruction of one of a variety of these textiles in order to create new horizons for researchers in related fields. These textile in Medieval and Renaissance art, as the famous Saint of John the Baptist, has been exhibited many times in sculptures and paintings. This fluffy cloak is a special outfit of this saint and somehow represents him in the field of semiotics. The results of this study indicate a direct relationship between the production of fluffy cloak and religious teachings.

ÖZ:Sosyolog Pınar Selek çocukluk yıllarında dinleyici olarak dâhil olduğu masal dünyasında daha sonra kız kardeşine masal anlatarak masal söyleyicisi olarak devam etmiş ve feminist masal örnekleri olan Su Damlası, Yeşil Kız ve Siyah Pelerinli Kız adlı masal kitaplarıyla edebiyat dünyasına masal yazarı olarak giriş yapmıştır. Makalede incelenen Siyah Pelerinli Kız, küçük yaştaki bir kızın ataerkil bir toplumda kendine yer edinerek yaşayabilmesi için kendisine dayatılan rollere başkaldırmasının konu edildiği bir masal olmanın da ötesinde, cinsiyet rollerini topyekûn eleştiren, bekâr anne olan bir kadının toplum tarafından yalnızlaştırılmasıyla başlayıp toplum dışına itilmesini ve bu sürecin sessiz tanıklarını -bir arada yaşamanın eril kodlarına da dikkat çekerek- eleştiren bir masaldır. Siyah Pelerinli Kız aynı zamanda para karşılığı zorla evlendirme de para karşılığı çocuk yaşta zorla evlendirilmeye de, 'çocuk gelin' meselesine de “çocuktan gelin olmaz” diyerek göz kırpan, “ya perisin ya cadı” ikiliğine sıkıştırılmaya çalışılan kadınlara ikilikleri yıkmanın mümkünlüğü üzerine ipuçları veren bir masal olarak açıkça yeni feminist masal örneklerindendir. Masalda Siyah Pelerinli Kız’ın Kara Peçeli Cadı’ya dönüşümü ve Yosun adlı masal kahramanın Yosun Peri’ye yolculuğu ekseninde aslında iki farklı hikâyeye sahip olan kadının ortak başkaldırılarına da tanıklık ediyoruz. Erkek egemen sistemi, eril ideolojiyi, toplumsal normları eleştirmenin yanı sıra ‘feminist kız kardeşlik’ ilkesi de masalda kendine böylece yer buluyor. ABSTRACT:Sociologist Pınar Selek, had found herself in the world of tales as a listener, at first. Then, she had told tehse tales to her sister. She started her career as a tale writer with the tales; Su Damlası, Yeşil Kız ve Siyah Pelerinli Kız (A Drop of Water, Green Girl, and The Girl with the Black Cloak) which are examples of feminist tale. The subject of this paper, The Girl with the Black Cloak is about a young girl who defies the gender roles imposed upon her in order to survive in a patriarchal society. But beyond this, the tale severely criticises gender roles; isolation and outcasting of a single mother by society and masculinised life with the silent witnesses of this outcast. The Girl with the Black Cloak is one of the examples of new feminist tale, for certain as it gives clues about how to demolish enforced binaries such as “ a woman is either a fairy or a witch” in a society in which people keep their silence and ignore child brides who are forced into marriages for consideration money. In the tale, the reader witnesses the mutual rebellion of two characters with different stories; the transformation of the girl with the black cloak into the witch with the black veil and the journey of a character named Yosun to Yosun Fairy. “Feminist sisterhood doctrine” also takes place in the tale in addition to the criticism of male dominated society, masculinised ideology and social norms.

In accordance with hyperelastic transformation theory, a range of shear-wave manipulation devices can be designed with neo-Hookean materials pre-deformed properly. However, how such devices fit the background medium remains elusive. In this study, a systematic formula is developed in terms of elastic wave transmission and reflection between un-deformed and pre-deformed hyperelastic materials. By both theoretical analyses and numerical simulations, the shear-wave propagation from an un-deformed neo-Hookean material to the pre-deformed one is investigated. Among the three typical deformations, "constrained" uniaxial tension and simple-shear are found to be able to ensure total transmission, whereas ordinary uniaxial tension and hydrostatic compression could cause reflection. Thus, three embedded shear-wave manipulation devices are proposed, namely, a unidirectional cloak, a splicing beam bend and a concave lens; their performance is verified by numerical simulations. This study may underpin the design and realization of soft-matter-based wave control devices. Potential applications can be expected in nondestructive testing, impact protection, biomedical imaging, as well as soft robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many of Hafez’s poems have complex themes that, in addition to knowing literary points, they need to be carefully looked at in the finer points of the poetry of the past. In this regard, two verses of Hafez's lyric poems still do not have a proper description due to the inaccuracy in the mentioned principles. The word ‘tears’, as one of the main elements of the verse, has been put forward in both verses with thematization and illustration, the meaning of which has not been properly understood and presented due to the inaccuracy of the commentators. The first verse is: ‘O Admonisher! Make little talk; come back (and be not my prohibitor of love’s path). For, the man of my eye/ Plucked, from off my head, and, in thanks (for the acquisition of love), consumed’. The Persian word ‘madjara’ in this verse means tears and a leader. The second verse does not have the controversy of the first verse. Apparently, the reason for this lack of attention is the lack of understanding of a subtle point that Hafez has made, and the commentators have negligibly described it. The verse is: You took sleep from the eyes of your lovers/ but you cursed them with the rejection of their imagination, and cast their sins into their tears. In this verse, the Persian phrase ‘Shabrovane kheile khab’ (bandits sleep) refers to tears and cries the lover sends to the beloved due to his imagination. The reason for the problems of the commentators in both of the mentioned verses, in addition to not realizing Hafez’s subtlety in the themes, could also be the negligence of the grammatical points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 16th and 17th centuries, an extensive transformation of clothing habits took place in Central Europe. The era of the national styles of clothing had concluded and was replaced by widespread preference of the highly fashionable Spanish - and later French - clothing sets. New garments were fully accepted mainly by nobles and, over time, also among burghers. The question remains how and by whom they were passed on to the rural population. Our attention is focused mainly on urban tailors' guilds, which had a dominant position in the production of urban as well as rural clothing, due to regulations. Their creations are captured in several period depictions, and their abundance in towns as well as in the countryside is evidenced by inventories of estates and bequests to orphans. Clothing constructions are included in tailors' pattern books, which have been preserved in Czechia, Slovakia, Poland, Austria, and Germany. The comparison of the three mentioned source types in this study brings new information about the formation, types, and representation of individual components of men's clothing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design and analysis of a novel biaxial double-negative (DNG) metamaterial for electromagnetic cloaking operation in the microwave range. The proposed metamaterial exhibits DNG characteristics for the three axes (x, y, and z axes) wave propagation through the material. For the z-axis wave propagation, it shows resonance in the X-band and shows DNG characteristics there. Similarly, for the x-axis wave propagation, the material displays resonances in the multi-band (S-, C-, and X-bands) microwave frequency ranges with DNG characteristics at the S-, C-, and X-bands. The material exhibits DNG properties at the S- and C-bands for y-axis wave propagation as well. In the basic design, a new metamaterial structure was developed that was split into two arms. The commercially available finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)-based computer simulation technology (CST) Microwave Studio software was adopted to obtain the reflection and transmission parameters of the unit cell. The metamaterial was then used in designing a rectangular electromagnetic cloaking device where a metal cylinder was perfectly cloaked in the C-band region of the microwave spectra. The metamaterial shows near-zero refractive-index property as well in the cloaked zone. This is a novel and promising design in the electromagnetic paradigm for its biaxial DNG characteristics and rectangular cloaking operation.

This article, introduces a new pixel which can emit infrared wavelengths from its surface and can be used for the purpose of cloaking objects from thermal cameras. This pixel can simulate the temperatures between 0 and 100ºC emited from an infrared radiation in LWIR (8-12 micrometres) region. Nanocomposite material is used in the pixel structure and this has increased its capacities like ZT factor %40-50 better than the commercial material like Bi2Te3. Technical aspects of the pixel such as the emission wavelengths, rate of temperature changing, thermal contrast, ZT factor and so on are discussed in this paper and were determined by using thermography, non-contact thermometry, radiometry, four probe ac method and temperature differential

The tachinid fly Drino inconspicuoides (Diptera: Tachinidae) is an ovolarviparous endoparasitoid whose larvae develop in the host haemocoel and avoids the host immune system. In this study, we investigated the immune evasion mechanisms of this species during infestation in the host Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). We discovered a unique 'cloak' that surrounded D. inconspicuoides larvae that penetrated into the host and determined through genomic polymerase chain reaction analysis that this structure originated from the host rather than the tachinid. The 'cloak' contained both haemocytes and fat body cells from the host, with the haemocytes assembling around the larvae first and the fat body cells then covering the haemocyte layer, following which the two mixed. Living D. inconspicuoides larvae that were wrapped in the 'cloak' were not melanized whereas encapsulated dead larvae were melanized, suggesting that this structure contributes to the avoidance of host immune reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft materials with semi-linear strain energy function can be used as smart transformation media to manipulate elastic waves via finite pre-deformation. However, the intrinsic constraints involved in such materials limit the shapes of transformation devices to very simple cases. In this work, combining theoretical and numerical analyses, we report an approach of achieving the in-plane elastodynamic cloak with arbitrary shape. We demonstrate that with the appropriate out-of-plane stretch applied on the semi-linear material, cloaking effect can be achieved for both P- and SV-waves in the symmetric plane of a 3D domain, and the performance of the cloak with arbitrary cross section can be guaranteed for relatively small in-plane rotation. In addition, we propose an empirical formula to predict the deformation limit of the cloaks with semi-linear materials. This work may stimulate the experimental research on soft-matter-based transformation devices. Potential applications can be anticipated in nondestructive testing, structure impact protection, biomedical imaging and soft robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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When electromagnetic wave is normally reflected from semi-infinite denser medium, the phase of reflection wave jumps π , when electromagnetic wave is normally reflected from finite thickness denser (or thinner) medium, the phase of the reflection wave will change. According to the electromagnetic wave theory, we designed phase shifter and derived the reflection coefficient and the phase shift of the reflection wave. By comparing phase, we designed phase compensation cloak. The simulation results show that the phase shifter can cloak electromagnetic wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterization of a plasmonic absorber for surface cloaking is proposed in this work. The improvement in the absorbance is obtained by using nanodisk particles array, and it is shown that the nonlinear structure increases the bandwidth of the absorber and reduces the reflectance by phase controlling on the surface. In this study, a corner surface with a refractive index of 3.46 is assumed as the main object which is located over a gold layer in the role of the ground for omitting the transmission and then we have implemented the nanodisks in three rows for each side of the corner with a radius of 45 nm. It is demonstrated that by utilizing this arrangement, we can obtain a reflection of −14 dB at 150 THz with a bandwidth of 8 THz for the reflecting less than −10 dB. In the following, it is illustrated that applying the nonlinear radius arrangement will increase the bandwidth to 18 THz and as a result, a bandwidth enhancement of 100% will be gained. Furthermore, the parametric studies have been used for realizing the elemental effect on improving the bandwidth. The proposed plasmonic absorber consisting of a nonlinear arrangement of nanodisks opens new prospects for surface cloaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metamaterials with carefully chosen negative permittivity and permeability can guide electromagnetic wave to bypass a target without any scattering theoretically. This paper uses the basic theory of coordinate transformation to generate such permittivity and permeability which can result in such a perfectly cloak effect. The invisibility of the cloak is demonstrated by a cylinder and a sphere wrapped with metamaterial. COMSOL Multiphysics software is utilized to simulate the interaction between incident electromagnetic wave and the cloaks. Monostatic and bistatic radar cross section (RCS) is calculated to show the scattering suppression effect. The results show that metamaterials have an excellent performance in reduction of the scattering. Backscattering RCS can be reduced about 20 dB relative to the non-cloak target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new metamaterial-based dual-polarized rectangular single layer electromagnetic invisibility cloak is being introduced in this study. Initially, a bare-H-shaped metamaterial unit cell was designed on FR-4 dielectric material. Finite integration technique-based electromagnetic simulator was adopted to design the metamaterial and explore the material’s effective medium properties. Measured result for the metamaterial was provided as well. Then the proposed metamaterial was employed in the construction of a new dual-polarized rectangular cloak. The newly developed cloak shields a metal object from view electromagnetically by controlling the electromagnetic fields. The cloak was found performing the cloaking operation from the frequency of 5.04 GHz–9.47 GHz that covers certain region of C- and X-band of microwave spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invisibility cloaks can be constructed with electromagnetic metamaterials. In this paper, structural metamaterials are used to design an invisibility cloak. To this end, transformation optics is used to design electromagnetic parameters. These parameters are selected so that when we excite the cloak its presence does not perturb radiated fields. Therefore, we formulate the electric field both at the inner and outer parts of the cloak, when the excitation source is placed both inside and outside, and we show that the scattered fields will be suppressed due to its presence. Finally, simulation results verify that the invisibility cloak is well designed and is able to hide the cylindrical metal inside it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]