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The presence of green roofs in urban areas provides various ecosystem services that help mitigate climate change. They play an essential role in sustainable drainage systems, contribute to air quality and carbon sequestration, mitigate urban heat island, support biodiversity, and create green spaces supporting public well-being. Bus stops provide good opportunities for installing green roofs. Various cities worldwide have started installing green roofs on bus shelters, but often without thoroughly comparing expenses and the resulting benefits. This study quantifies the social and environmental benefits of installing green roofs on bus shelters in the City of Edinburgh. An assessment of the benefits and their monetary values was conducted using the B£ST analysis tool combined with manual calculations, which is easily transferable to other cities worldwide. It was compared to the current situation with no green roofs installed at bus stops. Installation of green roofs on all bus shelters in the City of Edinburgh may result in £12.9 million–£87.2 million in total benefit present value. The total cost was projected to be £15,994,000. By green roof installation, the City of Edinburgh can be closer to being carbon-neutral by 2030, a sustainable city as part of the City Plan 2030 and City Vision 2050. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The avocado cv. Hass is one of the most dynamic fruits in the world and is of particular significance in tropical areas, where climate variability phenomena have a high impact on productivity and sustainability. Nanotechnology-based tools could be an alternative to mitigate and/or adapt plants to these phenomena. Our approach was based on identifying changes in temperature and precipitation associated with climate variability in avocado areas in Colombia and proposing mitigation strategies based on the use of nanotechnology. This study had two objectives: (i) to identify variations in temperature and precipitation in avocado-producing areas in Colombia and (ii) to evaluate the effect of calcium phosphate nanoparticles (nano CP) as an alternative to reduce stress in avocados under simulate climatic variability condition. Climatic clusters were determined based on the spatial K-means method and with the climatic temporal series data (1981–2020), a time series analysis we carried out. Later changes in each cluster were simulated in growth chambers, evaluating physiological and developmental responses in avocado seedlings subjected to nanoCaP after adjusting the application form and dose. XRD diffraction shows that the calcium phosphate phases obtained by solution combustion correspond to a mixture of hydroxyapatite and witocklite nanoparticles with irregular morphologies and particle sizes of 100 nm. Three clusters explained ∼90% of the climate variation, with increases and decreases in temperature and precipitation in the range of 1-1.4 °C and 4.1–7.3% respectively. The best-fitted time series models were of stationary autoregressive integrated moving averages (SARIMA). The avocado seedlings had differential responses (P

The presence of green roofs in urban areas provides various ecosystem services that help mitigate climate change. They play an essential role in sustainable drainage systems, contribute to air quality and carbon sequestration, mitigate urban heat island, support biodiversity, and create green spaces supporting public well-being. Bus stops provide good opportunities for installing green roofs. Various cities worldwide have started installing green roofs on bus shelters, but often without thoroughly comparing expenses and the resulting benefits. This study quantifies the social and environmental benefits of installing green roofs on bus shelters in the City of Edinburgh. An assessment of the benefits and their monetary values was conducted using the B£ST analysis tool combined with manual calculations, which is easily transferable to other cities worldwide. It was compared to the current situation with no green roofs installed at bus stops. Installation of green roofs on all bus shelters in the City of Edinburgh may result in £12.9 million–£87.2 million in total benefit present value. The total cost was projected to be £15,994,000. By green roof installation, the City of Edinburgh can be closer to being carbon-neutral by 2030, a sustainable city as part of the City Plan 2030 and City Vision 2050.

Aiming to store water in wet seasons and outflow water in dry seasons, and improve reservoirs’ performance, are of great importance. Given the developmental disparities across regions and uneven precipitation within one year, water transfer could be an efficient solution. Here, we formulated a three-stage decision-making framework to simulate possible hydrological, meteorological, economic, and demographic parameters in future scenarios and proposed a market-based dynamic multi-objective optimization model, which optimized the adjusted water allocation and water transfers strategies among regions. A case study was conducted in the Yiluo river basin to evaluate the optimal proportion of local water use and water transfers to verify the application and its effects. Results indicated that water use stress and environmental stress could be relieved from four simulated future scenarios, which further accelerated region- and basin-scale sustainability. The results also gave valuable insights into optimal water use options and transferred to maximize the economic, social, and environmental benefits and climate mitigation.

The avocado cv. Hass is one of the most dynamic fruits in the world and is of particular significance in tropical areas, where climate variability phenomena have a high impact on productivity and sustainability. Nanotechnology-based tools could be an alternative to mitigate and/or adapt plants to these phenomena. Our approach was based on identifying changes in temperature and precipitation associated with climate variability in avocado areas in Colombia and proposing mitigation strategies based on the use of nanotechnology. This study had two objectives: (i) to identify variations in temperature and precipitation in avocado-producing areas in Colombia and (ii) to evaluate the effect of calcium phosphate nanoparticles (nano CP) as an alternative to reduce stress in avocados under simulate climatic variability condition. Climatic clusters were determined based on the spatial K-means method and with the climatic temporal series data (1981-2020), a time series analysis we carried out. Later changes in each cluster were simulated in growth chambers, evaluating physiological and developmental responses in avocado seedlings subjected to nanoCaP after adjusting the application form and dose. XRD diffraction shows that the calcium phosphate phases obtained by solution combustion correspond to a mixture of hydroxyapatite and witocklite nanoparticles with irregular morphologies and particle sizes of 100 nm. Three clusters explained ∼90% of the climate variation, with increases and decreases in temperature and precipitation in the range of 1-1.4 °C and 4.1-7.3% respectively. The best-fitted time series models were of stationary autoregressive integrated moving averages (SARIMA). The avocado seedlings had differential responses ( P<0.05 ) depending on the clusters, with a decrease in physiological behavior and development between 10 and 35%. Additionally, the nanoCaP reduced the climatic stress ( P< 0.05 ) in a range between 10 and 22.5%. This study identified the negative effect of climate variability on avocado seedlings and how nanoCaP can mitigate these phenomena., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)