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Background: Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata Bge. (S. lanceolata) is a psammophytic plant endemic to the northwest region of China and has now developed into a cultivated economic crop. It is the original plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine as Yinchaihu. Recently, the lack of scientifically guided production zoning has exacerbated the arbitrary introduction and expansion of S. lanceolata cultivation, resulting in significant changes to its habitat and quality. Methods: This study utilizes distribution data of wild S. lanceolata along with data from 33 environmental factors to analyze the primary habitat factors influencing the species' distribution using the Maxent model, simulating both current and future suitable production zones. Additionally, amplicon sequencing was employed to investigate changes in rhizospheric soil microorganisms across different cultivation sites and years. Furthermore, metabolomics, near-infrared spectroscopy, and the quantification of active ingredient content were used to assess the effects of various suitable zones on S. lanceolata. Results: The migration trends of S. lanceolata toward the central and eastern regions of Inner Mongolia revealed that elev, bio_4, bio_13, bio_11, and S_clay are the primary ecological and soil factors influencing suitability zoning, contributing a cumulative rate of 80.5%. The rhizosphere microbial environment shifted significantly from high to medium suitability habitats. As cultivation duration increased, the diversity of fungi and bacteria and the functional genera within the rhizosphere exhibited significant changes. Notably, there were substantial alterations in metabolic processes and substance accumulation during the transition from high to medium and low suitability zones, resulting in the identification of 281 and 370 differential metabolites, respectively. Additionally, the near-infrared spectral characteristics and active ingredient content of S. lanceolata in high suitability zones displayed distinct specificity. In particular, the contents of total flavonoids (2.772 mg·g−1), dichotomines B (0.057 mg·g−1), and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (0.312 mg·g−1) were notably higher, with the overall quality score surpassing that of other suitable zones. Conclusion: This study revealed the key climatic, soil, and rhizosphere microbial environmental factors influencing the quality formation of S. lanceolata and the selection of suitable production zones, offering guidance for sustainable development and production zone planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata Bge. (S. lanceolata) is a psammophytic plant endemic to the northwest region of China and has now developed into a cultivated economic crop. It is the original plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine as Yinchaihu. Recently, the lack of scientifically guided production zoning has exacerbated the arbitrary introduction and expansion of S. lanceolata cultivation, resulting in significant changes to its habitat and quality. Methods This study utilizes distribution data of wild S. lanceolata along with data from 33 environmental factors to analyze the primary habitat factors influencing the species' distribution using the Maxent model, simulating both current and future suitable production zones. Additionally, amplicon sequencing was employed to investigate changes in rhizospheric soil microorganisms across different cultivation sites and years. Furthermore, metabolomics, near-infrared spectroscopy, and the quantification of active ingredient content were used to assess the effects of various suitable zones on S. lanceolata. Results The migration trends of S. lanceolata toward the central and eastern regions of Inner Mongolia revealed that elev, bio_4, bio_13, bio_11, and S_clay are the primary ecological and soil factors influencing suitability zoning, contributing a cumulative rate of 80.5%. The rhizosphere microbial environment shifted significantly from high to medium suitability habitats. As cultivation duration increased, the diversity of fungi and bacteria and the functional genera within the rhizosphere exhibited significant changes. Notably, there were substantial alterations in metabolic processes and substance accumulation during the transition from high to medium and low suitability zones, resulting in the identification of 281 and 370 differential metabolites, respectively. Additionally, the near-infrared spectral characteristics and active ingredient content of S. lanceolata in high suitability zones displayed distinct specificity. In particular, the contents of total flavonoids (2.772 mg·g−1), dichotomines B (0.057 mg·g−1), and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (0.312 mg·g−1) were notably higher, with the overall quality score surpassing that of other suitable zones. Conclusion This study revealed the key climatic, soil, and rhizosphere microbial environmental factors influencing the quality formation of S. lanceolata and the selection of suitable production zones, offering guidance for sustainable development and production zone planning. Graphical Abstract

This paper examined the diseases of natural rubber (Heaveabrasilensis) induced by the climatic elements of rainfall and temperature in Ikpoba-Okha Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. The paper identified the varieties of natural rubber cultivated in the study area, the diseases of natural rubber induced by the climatic elements of rainfall and temperature in the study area, the level of awareness of natural rubber farmers on the impact of the climatic elements on natural rubber production in the study area and the problems induced by the climatic elements of rainfall and temperature on natural rubber production in the study area. To achieve these objectives, the researcher used both primary and secondary research methods to collect the data used for the study. In the study area, a total of five hundred and fifteen (515) structured questionnaires representing 0.1% of the projected population for 2023, which is, 515,042 were administered directly by the researcher to the respondents in the study area. The secondary data used were obtained from National Population Commission (NPC), Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MANR).The data obtained were analysed using tables, percentages and degrees. The results showed the varieties of natural rubber cultivated in the study area. The study also reveals the diseases of natural rubber induced by the climatic elements of rainfall and temperature in the study area. The problems associated with the diseases were also revealed. The following recommendations are made: effective disease management strategies, monitoring of climatic conditions, incorporating resistant natural rubber clones and improving cultural practices, sustainable practices to manage diseases, governments’ intervention to encouragenatural rubber farmers annually. This paper is therefore concluded by advising the governments at all levels to implement the recommendations made by the researcher.

In 2022, Brazil set a record for the number of dengue cases and deaths, reaching 987 fatalities, with the state of Santa Catarina being among the most concerning in the country, and Joinville as the city with the highest number of reported cases in the region. This study aimed to identify climatic, socio-environmental, and socio-economic factors that led to an increase in dengue outbreaks in different neighborhoods of Joinville from 2020 to 2021, the initial period of the epidemic. Climatic data such as monthly precipitation, rainy days, and average temperature were collected to identify their correlations and time lags with dengue cases and outbreaks. Principal component analysis (PCA) employed other socioeconomic and socio-environmental factors. The data suggest that high temperatures and population densities are the main factors responsible for the increased dengue incidence after 2020. Neighborhoods with lower sewage coverage and minimum wage incomes are the most affected. Dengue in Joinville, during the period of 2020 to 2021, predominantly impacted the densely populated neighborhoods, characterized by insufficient sewage infrastructure, thereby necessitating the implementation of more effective measures for controlling the development of the disease vector Aedes aegypti mosquito. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the article is to make geoecological analysis of the habitat quality of the Russian muskrat on the territory of specialized protected areas. Based on the collected statistical indicators on the territory of the Khopyor State Nature Reserve, a correlation analysis was carried out between the number of muskrats, climatic and hydrological factors of its habitat, as well as the possible influence of predators on the number of muskrats. Patterns of population change on the territory of the Khopyor State Nature Reserve have been revealed. The optimal ratios of the muskrat habitat comfort have been determined. The necessity of improving the geoecological monitoring of the Russian muskrat and its habitat is proved.

In this study, a real plot of abandoned agricultural land overgrown with forest in Russia has been surveyed. The amount of future CO2 sequestration by this forest for the next 20 years has been calculated by means of a mathematical model. The unprofitability of the 20-years climatic reforestation project on this land has been proved, based on the current price of carbon units in Russia and China, because Russia cannot enter the European carbon units' market. To improve profitability, it was proposed to combine the reforestation with timber harvesting, charcoal, natural fertilisers and forage production. Thus, the wood cut for maintenance is used partially for sale, partially for production of charcoal and partially left as a fertiliser on the cleared stripes, where meadow plants will be replaced with alfalfa, using technologies of zero soil treatment. The economic feasibility study has been performed based on the real capital and current expenses of the combined reforestation project. The positive Net Present Value and a very high Internal Rate of Return of the joint project, calculated by the methods of financial mathematics have indicated its economic viability and attractiveness for investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. China has a vast area across many temperature zones and a variety of cattle breeds. These cattle resources are ideal models to research their adaptability to the environment. The KRT38 gene is an acidic protein, and its coding product can be used as a component of hair production. Aims. The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity of the KRT38 gene in Chinese local cattle and the association of different genotypes with mean temperature, relative humidity and temperature humidity index. Methods. A missense mutation g.41650738 A > G in the KRT38 gene was screened from the database of bovine genomic variation (BGVD) and was genotyped in a total of 246 samples from 15 local cattle breeds in China by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing. Finally, the correlation between the locus and the three climatic factors was analysed. Key results. We successfully obtained the frequency of this single-nucelotide polymorphism in three groups of cattle in northern, central and southern China. The frequency of allele A gradually declined from north to south, whereas the frequency of allele G showed the opposite trend with a clear geographic distribution. Conclusions. Our results indicate that KRT38 variation in Chinese indigenous cattle might be linked to heat tolerance. Implications. Our analysis may assist in determining the importance of the variation as a genetic signal for heat tolerance in cattle reproduction and genetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Brucellosis is a common zoonotic infectious disease in China. This study aimed to investigate the incidence trends of brucellosis in China, construct an optimal prediction model, and analyze the driving role of climatic factors for human brucellosis. Methods Using brucellosis incidence, and the socioeconomic and climatic data for 2014–2020 in China, we performed spatiotemporal analyses and calculated correlations with brucellosis incidence in China, developed and compared a series of regression and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average X (SARIMAX) models for brucellosis prediction based on socioeconomic and climatic data, and analyzed the relationship between extreme weather conditions and brucellosis incidence using copula models. Results In total, 327,456 brucellosis cases were reported in China in 2014–2020 (monthly average of 3898 cases). The incidence of brucellosis was distinctly seasonal, with a high incidence in spring and summer and an average annual peak in May. The incidence rate was highest in the northern regions’ arid and continental climatic zones (1.88 and 0.47 per million people, respectively) and lowest in the tropics (0.003 per million people). The incidence of brucellosis showed opposite trends of decrease and increase in northern and southern China, respectively, with an overall severe epidemic in northern China. Most regression models using socioeconomic and climatic data cannot predict brucellosis incidence. The SARIMAX model was suitable for brucellosis prediction. There were significant negative correlations between the proportion of extreme weather values for both high sunshine and high humidity and the incidence of brucellosis as follows: high sunshine, $$r$$ r = −0.59 and −0.69 in arid and temperate zones; high humidity, $$r$$ r = −0.62, −0.64, and −0.65 in arid, temperate, and tropical zones. Conclusions Significant seasonal and climatic zone differences were observed for brucellosis incidence in China. Sunlight, humidity, and wind speed significantly influenced brucellosis. The SARIMAX model performed better for brucellosis prediction than did the regression model. Notably, high sunshine and humidity values in extreme weather conditions negatively affect brucellosis. Brucellosis should be managed according to the “One Health” concept.

The impact of global warming presents an increased risk to the world's shorelines. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that the twenty-first century experienced a severe global mean sea-level rise due to human-induced climate change. Therefore, coastal planners require reasonably accurate estimates of the rate of sea-level rise and the potential impacts, including extreme sea-level changes, floods, and shoreline erosion. Also, land loss as a result of disturbance of shoreline is of interest as it damages properties and infrastructure. Using a nonlinear autoregressive network with an exogenous input (NARX) model, this study attempted to simulate (1991 to 2012) and predict (2013–2020) sea-level change along Merang kechil to Kuala Marang in Terengganu state shoreline areas. The simulation results show a rising trend with a maximum rate of 28.73 mm/year and an average of about 8.81 mm/year. In comparison, the prediction results show a rising sea level with a maximum rate of 79.26 mm/year and an average of about 25.34 mm/year. The database generated from this study can be used to inform shoreline defense strategies adapting to sea-level rise, flood, and erosion. Scientists can forecast sea-level increases beyond 2020 using simulated sea-level data up to 2020 and apply it for future research. The data also helps decision-makers choose measures for vulnerable shoreline settlements to adapt to sea-level rise. Notably, the data will provide essential information for policy development and implementation to facilitate operational decision-making processes for coastal cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brucellosis is a common zoonotic infectious disease in China. This study aimed to investigate the incidence trends of brucellosis in China, construct an optimal prediction model, and analyze the driving role of climatic factors for human brucellosis. Methods: Using brucellosis incidence, and the socioeconomic and climatic data for 2014–2020 in China, we performed spatiotemporal analyses and calculated correlations with brucellosis incidence in China, developed and compared a series of regression and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average X (SARIMAX) models for brucellosis prediction based on socioeconomic and climatic data, and analyzed the relationship between extreme weather conditions and brucellosis incidence using copula models. Results: In total, 327,456 brucellosis cases were reported in China in 2014–2020 (monthly average of 3898 cases). The incidence of brucellosis was distinctly seasonal, with a high incidence in spring and summer and an average annual peak in May. The incidence rate was highest in the northern regions' arid and continental climatic zones (1.88 and 0.47 per million people, respectively) and lowest in the tropics (0.003 per million people). The incidence of brucellosis showed opposite trends of decrease and increase in northern and southern China, respectively, with an overall severe epidemic in northern China. Most regression models using socioeconomic and climatic data cannot predict brucellosis incidence. The SARIMAX model was suitable for brucellosis prediction. There were significant negative correlations between the proportion of extreme weather values for both high sunshine and high humidity and the incidence of brucellosis as follows: high sunshine, r = −0.59 and −0.69 in arid and temperate zones; high humidity, r = −0.62, −0.64, and −0.65 in arid, temperate, and tropical zones. Conclusions: Significant seasonal and climatic zone differences were observed for brucellosis incidence in China. Sunlight, humidity, and wind speed significantly influenced brucellosis. The SARIMAX model performed better for brucellosis prediction than did the regression model. Notably, high sunshine and humidity values in extreme weather conditions negatively affect brucellosis. Brucellosis should be managed according to the "One Health" concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Climatología is the property of Revista de Climatologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present research study was conducted during 2020 in Institute of Agricultural Resource Economics, University of Agricutlure, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan to measure the farmers' understanding regarding the impact of Climatic and Natural Hazards (CNHs) in the Cotton-Wheat Cropping System of Punjab, Pakistan. The study also ranked the impact of climatic and natural hazards. The primary data were collected from 540 farmers of Punjab, Pakistan's major cotton-growing districts. Questions regarding CNHs were inquired by using the Likert Scale (one being the strongly disagree and five strongly agree). Using descriptive statistics, the influence of climate and natural risks on agricultural yield was assessed. The replies were grouped into percentages and graphs. Approximately 61% of farmers strongly agreed that floods and droughts reduced agricultural yield. Moreover, 56% of respondents strongly agreed that frost, hailstorms and excessive heat harm agricultural output. In addition, 65 percent strongly agreed that biological illnesses, extreme cold, winter and summer winds, fog, smog, heatwaves, humidity, typhoons, and insect infestations had negative consequences. The impact of frequent rain was ranked as first by the farmers. In contrast, biological illnesses, hailstorms, bug infestations, floods and droughts, late rains, intense heat and frost, summer and winter wind storms, typhon, early showers and extreme cold were ranked 2nd through 17th. It was concluded that majority of farmers well aware of the climatic and natural hazards. Educating farmers on the impacts of CNHs on agricultural productivity was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep placement of briquette urea (BU) is environmentally friendly and promotes for better nitrogen use efficiency. Nonetheless, its farm-level adoption is low. This paper contributes to the existing literature on climate-smart technology adoption by examining the factors that affect the BU adoption decision using the national representative Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS-15) dataset consisting of 3384 rice farmers in Bangladesh. BU adoption probability is higher for farms that specialize in rice production, have more assets, use mobile phones for farming and have better access to extension services. Also, empowered women have a higher propensity to adopt BU. However, living in the feed the future zone decreases adoption probability. BU adoption probability is inversely correlated with rainfall and salinity vulnerability, while the opposite is observed for cyclone and drought vulnerability. Compared to the prilled urea (PU) users, the BU adopters applied a significantly lower amount of urea. The adopters produce more and have a relatively higher return, though the differences are insignificant. The relatively high price of BU compared to PU and the associated high labor requirement dampers the benefit of adopting the technology. Reallocation of subsidies from PU toward BU could be an effective way of promoting BU technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disasters do and have happened throughout human existence. Their traces are found in the environmental record, archaeological evidence, and historical chronicles. Societal responses to these events vary and depend on ecological and cultural constraints and opportunities. These elements are being discovered more and more on a global scale. When looking at disasters in antiquity, restoring the environmental and geographical context on both the macro- and microscale is necessary. The relationships between global climatic processes and microgeographical approaches ought to be understood by examining detailed societal strategies conceived in response to threatening natural phenomena. Architectural designs, human geography, political geography, technological artefacts, and textual testimony are linked to a society's inherited and real sense of natural threats, such as floods, earthquakes, fires, diseases, etc. The Shang and Mycenaean cultures are prime examples, among others, of Bronze Age societies with distinctive geographical, environmental, and cultural features and structures that defined their attitudes and responses to dangerous natural phenomena, such as floods, earthquakes, landslides, and drought. By leaning on two well-documented societies with little to no apparent similarities in environmental and cultural aspects and no credible evidence of contact, diffusion, or exchange, we can examine them free of the onus of diffused intangible and tangible cultural features. Even though some evidence of long-distance networks in the Bronze Age exists, they presumable had no impact on local adaptive strategies. The Aegean Sea and Yellow River cultural landscapes share many similarities and dissimilarities and vast territorial and cultural expansions. They have an apparent contemporaneity, and both recede and collapse at about the same time. Thus, through the microgeography of a few select Shang and Mycenaean sites and their relevant environmental, archaeological, and historical contexts, and through environmental effects on a global scale, we may understand chain events of scattered human societal changes, collapses, and revolutions on a structural level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of seasonal and climatic changes on postoperative in-hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS) in patients with type A acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods Patients undergoing implantation of the modified triple-branched stent graft to replace the descending aorta in addition to aortic root reconstruction for type A AAD in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2019 were included. Relevant data were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results A total of 404 patients were included in our analyses. The multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that patients admitted in autumn (OR 4.027, 95% CI 1.023–17.301, P = 0.039) or with coronary heart disease (OR 8.938, 95% CI 1.991–29.560, P = 0.049) were independently associated with an increased risk of postoperative in-hospital mortality. Furthermore, patients admitted in autumn (OR 5.956, 95% CI 2.719–7.921, P = 0.041) or with hypertension (OR 3.486, 95% CI 1.192–5.106, P = 0.035) were independently associated with an increased risk of longer LOS. Conclusion Patients admitted in autumn or with coronary heart disease are at higher risk of in-hospital mortality following surgery for type A AAD. Also, patients admitted in autumn or with hypertension have a longer hospital LOS. In the autumn of the temperature transition, we may need to strengthen the management of medical quality after surgery for type A AAD.

The topographic gradients of the Tropical Andes may have triggered species divergence by different mechanisms. Topography separates species' geographical ranges and offers climatic heterogeneity, which could potentially foster local adaptation to specific climatic conditions and result in narrowly distributed endemic species. Such a pattern is found in the Andean centered palm genus Aiphanes. To test the extent to which geographic barriers and climatic heterogeneity can explain distribution patterns in Aiphanes , we sampled 34 out of 36 currently recognized species in that genus and sequenced them by Sanger sequencing and/or sequence target capture sequencing. We generated Bayesian, likelihood, and species-tree phylogenies, with which we explored climatic trait evolution from current climatic occupation. We also estimated species distribution models to test the relative roles of geographical and climatic divergence in their evolution. We found that Aiphanes originated in the Miocene in Andean environments and possibly in mid-elevation habitats. Diversification is related to the occupation of the adjacent high and low elevation habitats tracking high annual precipitation and low precipitation seasonality (moist habitats). Different species in different clades repeatedly occupy all the different temperatures offered by the elevation gradient from 0 to 3,000 m in different geographically isolated areas. A pattern of conserved adaptation to moist environments is consistent among the clades. Our results stress the evolutionary roles of niche truncation of wide thermal tolerance by physical range fragmentation, coupled with water-related niche conservatism, to colonize the topographic gradient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue Fever (DF) incidence in Bali has been the highest in Indonesia for decades. This study describes the annual distribution of DF and analyzes its association with population density, number of rainy days, and average humidity during 2010-2018 at the district level. The choropleth maps and Poisson regression were employed to provide geographical distribution and quantify the association. The P, 95% confidence interval (CI), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) were adopted to assess the significance and the goodness of the association. During 2010-2018 there were 55 215 new DF cases notified. The annual incidence of dengue cases in Bali increased with IRR: 1.000186 (95% CI:1.0000183:1.000189) for every increment of population density per kilometers square and increased by IRR: 1.01043 (95% CI: 1.01019: 1.01078) for every additional one rainy day annually. The dengue cases also increased with IRR 1.0172 (95% CI: 1.0137: 1.0208) for every 1% increase in average humidity. Population density and climate factors are positively associated with dengue cases incidence in Bali from 2010 to 2018. The results underline the urgency of integrating population dynamics and climatic determinants into the DF control program and customizing the intervention program based on local characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to characterize the bushfire regime and the climatic factors influencing its propagation in the Bounkani region. Thus, this work analyzes the spatio-temporal dynamics of fires and the relationship between climatic variables and pyrological variables. First, it exploits time series of active fires and burned areas from MODIS Active fires (MCD14ML) and MODIS Burned area (MCD60A1) data for the period from 2000 to 2017. The methodology is based on the evaluation of seasonality and fire occurrences, and on the spatio-temporal evolution of fires. The results obtained indicate that, on average, the fire season occurs between the months of November and March, generally corresponding to the dry season. Also, the number of fires and the area burned follow a decreasing trend during the 17 years of study. The months of December and January recorded the highest peaks of burned areas and fire outbreaks respectively. Finally, the analysis of the dependence between climatic variables and pyrological variables by the Pearson correlation method showed the influence of climatic parameters in the outbreak and spread of bushfires in the study area. Precipitation and relative humidity are the best predictors with a negative influence on fire activity, while the positive predictors remain temperature. These variables directly impact fire regime in general. The results of this study will assist policy makers and managers in decision making for the implementation of fire control strategies.

Dengue Fever (DF) incidence in Bali has been the highest in Indonesia for decades. This study describes the annual distribution of DF and analyzes its association with population density, number of rainy days, and average humidity during 2010-2018 at the district level. The choropleth maps and Poisson regression were employed to provide geographical distribution and quantify the association. The P, 95% confidence interval (CI), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) were adopted to assess the significance and the goodness of the association. During 2010-2018 there were 55 215 new DF cases notified. The annual incidence of dengue cases in Bali increased with IRR: 1.000186 (95% CI:1.0000183:1.000189) for every increment of population density per kilometers square and increased by IRR: 1.01043 (95% CI: 1.01019: 1.01078) for every additional one rainy day annually. The dengue cases also increased with IRR 1.0172 (95% CI: 1.0137: 1.0208) for every 1% increase in average humidity. Population density and climate factors are positively associated with dengue cases incidence in Bali from 2010 to 2018. The results underline the urgency of integrating population dynamics and climatic determinants into the DF control program and customizing the intervention program based on local characteristics.

The topographic gradients of the Tropical Andes may have triggered species divergence by different mechanisms. Topography separates species’ geographical ranges and offers climatic heterogeneity, which could potentially foster local adaptation to specific climatic conditions and result in narrowly distributed endemic species. Such a pattern is found in the Andean centered palm genus Aiphanes. To test the extent to which geographic barriers and climatic heterogeneity can explain distribution patterns in Aiphanes, we sampled 34 out of 36 currently recognized species in that genus and sequenced them by Sanger sequencing and/or sequence target capture sequencing. We generated Bayesian, likelihood, and species-tree phylogenies, with which we explored climatic trait evolution from current climatic occupation. We also estimated species distribution models to test the relative roles of geographical and climatic divergence in their evolution. We found that Aiphanes originated in the Miocene in Andean environments and possibly in mid-elevation habitats. Diversification is related to the occupation of the adjacent high and low elevation habitats tracking high annual precipitation and low precipitation seasonality (moist habitats). Different species in different clades repeatedly occupy all the different temperatures offered by the elevation gradient from 0 to 3,000 m in different geographically isolated areas. A pattern of conserved adaptation to moist environments is consistent among the clades. Our results stress the evolutionary roles of niche truncation of wide thermal tolerance by physical range fragmentation, coupled with water-related niche conservatism, to colonize the topographic gradient.

A comprehensive assessment of dendrological resources for the formation of forest reclamation complexes is a process of qualitative and quantitative expansion of economically important plants and a scientifically based choice of the best possible option. The development of methods for improving the bioresources of degraded landscapes is aimed at the adaptive organization of land use in forestry and water management, recreation, urban planning, landscaping of settlements based on a comprehensive assessment of dendrological resources and increasing their biodiversity. The Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences for a long period of its existence has created a network of experimental stations (cadastre No. 34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10; Nizhnevolzhskaya station for the selection of tree species; 34:36:000014:178; West Siberian AGLOS; 22:23:010003:0014; Volga AGLOS; No. 63:23:0908001:0002) with dendrological collections located in different soil and climatic zones (Altai Krai, Samara and Volgograd regions) - typical areas of the arid zone with stable and moderate (in some years acute) summer moisture deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soldha landslide zone is one of the prominent sites in district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh that witnessed large-scale mass movement in October 2013. This landslide destroyed six houses along with six livestock sheds causing the death of animals along with the destruction of 5.60 ha of agricultural land and 23 ha of forest cover that got uprooted. The study discusses the main geomorphic, geometrical, anthropogenic, and climatic parameters bordering the landslide zone which buried a complete village under the debris. This landslide zone resides at the thrust contact zone between the Middle Siwalik weathered sandstone-clay (the failed slope material) and the Upper Siwalik Boulder Conglomerates. The study of slope material shows its composition as well-graded sand and less than 30% gravels which reflected the weak and weathered condition of the slope material. The geometrical features of the landslide planiform and the rainfall analysis have helped to reveal the trigger factor of this progressive slope failure. The rainfall and the seismic data analysis have shown that the active tectonics due to the presence of thrust near the toe of the landslide have led to the progressive sub-surface disturbances and the monsoon rainfall has acted as a trigger factor for the slope mass movement. This study has addressed the geological as well as the climatic factors that have led to the mass movement and revealed the impact of the structural feature on a moderately inclined slope with settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the factors affecting the yield of corn varieties due to genotype by environment (G × E) interaction can be helpful in the identification of sites with contrasting environments for effective multi-location trials. Field experiments were conducted for one cropping season in selected corn-growing areas in the Philippines. Corn varieties used were: (i) IPB Var 6, IPB Var 8, LB Lagkitan, IES Lagkitan, and Native corn in Luzon; (ii) IPB Var 6, IPB Var 11, IPB Var 13, and OxL in Visayas; and (iii) IPB Var 6, LB Lagkitan, and OxL in Mindanao. Climatic parameters, such as temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity in each location were determined. Grain yield variability was obtained as affected by the prevailing climatic factors during the growing period. In Luzon, variations in corn grain yield were mainly attributed to the genotypic effect under Type I climate (distinct dry and wet season), and IPB Var 6 has consistently higher grain yields across sites. The effect of the environment on the grain yield of IPB Var 6, IPB Var 8, LB Lagkitan, IES Lagkitan, and Native variety was apparent under Type IV climate and the different corn varieties were not affected by the climatic factors. In the Visayas, relative humidity contributed significantly to grain yield variations of four varieties in different locations with Type I climate. Varietal differences in corn grain yield under Type IV climate were attributed to the genotypic effect and IPB Var 13 variety has consistently higher grain yield. Temperature, genotype, and relative humidity contributed significantly to the variations in the grain yield of IPB Var 6, OxL, and LB Lagkitan in locations with a Type II climate in Mindanao. On the other hand, genotype and relative humidity significantly influenced the yield performance of three varieties grown in different locations with a Type IV climate. In conclusion: (i) IPB Var 6 can be recommended in Luzon under Type I and IV climates, based on yield performance across locations; (ii) IPB Var 13 can be recommended under Type I and IV climates in the Visayas based on grain yield, with IPB Var 11 being the most stable genotype across three locations with Type I and IV climates; and (iii) IPB Var 6 having the highest grain yield under Type II and IV climates in Mindanao, can be recommended in Mindanao, eventhough it has specific adaptations in some locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine ecosystem is threatened by a suite of climatic, anthropogenic, agricultural and aquacultural and fishing stressors. Agriculture and anthropogenic activity are the major drivers of biodiversity loss by extensive use of pesticides and fertilizers, and encounter depleted soils and erosion due to unsustainable farming practices. This study provides an assessment of the various potential threats that vulnerability of marine biodiversity in the Gulf of Mannar. In order to collect the data, a questionnaire was distributed to more than 100 resource users from four districts of GOMBRT in binary format. The data was then explored using multivariate logit regression method followed by Hosmer-Lemeshow test. The evaluation showed that all the determinants of various threats significantly affect the vulnerability of marine ecosystem. Among the studied factors, change in sea temperature, increase in fishing efforts, advanced farming practices, occurrence of endangered species, and tourism were greatest threats (high log odds ratio), identified as most important determinants affecting marine ecosystem.Marine ecosystem is threatened by a suite of climatic, anthropogenic, agricultural and aquacultural and fishing stressors. Agriculture and anthropogenic activity are the major drivers of biodiversity loss by extensive use of pesticides and fertilizers, and encounter depleted soils and erosion due to unsustainable farming practices. This study provides an assessment of the various potential threats that vulnerability of marine biodiversity in the Gulf of Mannar. In order to collect the data, a questionnaire was distributed to more than 100 resource users from four districts of GOMBRT in binary format. The data was then explored using multivariate logit regression method followed by Hosmer-Lemeshow test. The evaluation showed that all the determinants of various threats significantly affect the vulnerability of marine ecosystem. Among the studied factors, change in sea temperature, increase in fishing efforts, advanced farming practices, occurrence of endangered species, and tourism were greatest threats (high log odds ratio), identified as most important determinants affecting marine ecosystem.

Introduction: This study aims to identify the climatic and environmental factors in influencing the occurrence of dengue cases. Methods: A systematic review is conducted in January 2021 and 581 potentially relevant records were searched among Scopus and Web of Science. All articles were retrieved in English language. After quality assessment and cross-checking by two independent researchers, finally, a total of 19 articles are eligible for this systematic review based on the quality appraisal assessment by two independent researchers in the field. Results: Temperature, land surface temperature, relative humidity, rainfall amount, sunshine, hours of sunshine, land use, high density of buildings, high population density, air quality parameters and vegetative index were positively correlated on dengue cases. Wind run shows negative correlation on dengue cases. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, further investigation on climatic and environmental factors towards dengue cases are important in order to enhance their relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of seasonal and climatic changes on postoperative in-hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS) in patients with type A acute aortic dissection (AAD).Methods: Patients undergoing implantation of the modified triple-branched stent graft to replace the descending aorta in addition to aortic root reconstruction for type A AAD in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2019 were included. Relevant data were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Results: A total of 404 patients were included in our analyses. The multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that patients admitted in autumn (OR 4.027, 95% CI 1.023-17.301, P = 0.039) or with coronary heart disease (OR 8.938, 95% CI 1.991-29.560, P = 0.049) were independently associated with an increased risk of postoperative in-hospital mortality. Furthermore, patients admitted in autumn (OR 5.956, 95% CI 2.719-7.921, P = 0.041) or with hypertension (OR 3.486, 95% CI 1.192-5.106, P = 0.035) were independently associated with an increased risk of longer LOS.Conclusion: Patients admitted in autumn or with coronary heart disease are at higher risk of in-hospital mortality following surgery for type A AAD. Also, patients admitted in autumn or with hypertension have a longer hospital LOS. In the autumn of the temperature transition, we may need to strengthen the management of medical quality after surgery for type A AAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to model the relationship between the frequency of dust storms and climatic variables in desert areas of Iran. For this purpose, climatic data of temperature (maximum and minimum), rainfall, wind speed (maximum and minimum), and their relationship with the number of days with dust recorded in 25 meteorological stations (statistical period since their inception until 2014) in summer using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression method multivariate was analyzed in SPSS software. Also, due to regional analysis, correlation coefficient between climatic variables and frequency of drought storms in desert areas of Iran, the mapping of these coefficients was prepared by method of Inverse distance weighting (IDW) in Arc GIS software. The results showed that the stations in the south and southwest of the study area have the highest dust incidence in the summer season. So that Zabul station with (3892 days) has the most frequent occurrence of dust storms. In most stations, there was a significant relationship between the frequency of dust storms and the variables of average wind speed and maximum wind speed. The highest correlation coefficient of the mean wind speed was related to the station of the Chabahar Konarak with correlation coefficient of 0.710 and Iranshahr station with a correlation coefficient of 0.65, showed the highest correlation with maximum wind speed. The maximum temperature variable at Qom station with a correlation coefficient of 0.398 shows a significant and positive relationship. Iranshahr station has a correlation coefficient of -0.620 with a mean temperature and Minab station has a correlation coefficient of -0.446 with maximum temperature. The results of temperature correlation with the frequency of dust storms indicate that ground low pressure is effective in creating the phenomena in the warm course of the year. Most stations have inverse correlation with precipitation. The highest correlation coefficients between precipitation and dust events were observed at -0.208 and -0.185 at east of Isfahan and Torbat Heidariyeh stations, respectively. Multivariate regression modelling between dust and climatic variables in summer also shows that the most important parameter in dust events are average wind speed, maximum wind speed and average temperature. Regression models show that, at the best condition, climate variables explain only 70% of the variation of dust frequency.

This work presents an experimental study concerning the characterization of materials in old build on bioclimatic earth. The architecture in earth evolved through the generations by using local materials. The material is in hiding proved its validity in weather and its efficiency in architectural solutions and the capacity of conception suited against the influence of the climatic and environmental factors. For that purpose, our study aims at characterizing mineralogical composition and at determining the physico-mechanical properties of building materials taken in various places of the ksour Tinerkouk of Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Disasters do and have happened throughout human existence. Their traces are found in the environmental record, archaeological evidence, and historical chronicles. Societal responses to these events vary and depend on ecological and cultural constraints and opportunities. These elements are being discovered more and more on a global scale. When looking at disasters in antiquity, restoring the environmental and geographical context on both the macro- and microscale is necessary. The relationships between global climatic processes and microgeographical approaches ought to be understood by examining detailed societal strategies conceived in response to threatening natural phenomena. Architectural designs, human geography, political geography, technological artefacts, and textual testimony are linked to a society’s inherited and real sense of natural threats, such as floods, earthquakes, fires, diseases, etc. The Shang and Mycenaean cultures are prime examples, among others, of Bronze Age societies with distinctive geographical, environmental, and cultural features and structures that defined their attitudes and responses to dangerous natural phenomena, such as floods, earthquakes, landslides, and drought. By leaning on two well-documented societies with little to no apparent similarities in environmental and cultural aspects and no credible evidence of contact, diffusion, or exchange, we can examine them free of the onus of diffused intangible and tangible cultural features. Even though some evidence of long-distance networks in the Bronze Age exists, they presumable had no impact on local adaptive strategies. The Aegean Sea and Yellow River cultural landscapes share many similarities and dissimilarities and vast territorial and cultural expansions. They have an apparent contemporaneity, and both recede and collapse at about the same time. Thus, through the microgeography of a few select Shang and Mycenaean sites and their relevant environmental, archaeological, and historical contexts, and through environmental effects on a global scale, we may understand chain events of scattered human societal changes, collapses, and revolutions on a structural level.

Leishmania infantum is an important and neglected vector-borne zoonotic protozoa endemic in the Mediterranean basin. Several wild and domestic mammals can contribute to maintaining its circulation but their importance as effective reservoirs is still under discussion and varies depending on local ecological communities. By combining environmental, climatic, and individual information, this study assessed the presence of L. infantum DNA in a set of wild species from Northwestern Italy and the potential ecological factors related to the risk of infection. From 2020 to 2022, 304 free-ranging wild animals were analyzed for the detection of L. infantum DNA in the spleen and popliteal lymph node (when available). The prevalence obtained in wild boar (Sus scrofa) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) was higher than those previously reported (% ± confidence interval 95%; 42.9 ± 18.4% and 27 ± 6.6% in wild boar and roe deer, respectively), and this is the first report of this parasite infecting the coypu Myocastor coypus (60 ± 34.7%). L. infantum DNA was detected in all the seasons including those free of adult sandflies and seasonal differences were minimal, suggesting a long course of infection. The models revealed that animals from rainy areas with higher greenness during the summer, highly populated by humans and predominantly covered by water surfaces had a higher risk of L. infantum. This study contributes to confirming previous findings on the existence of a sylvatic cycle for L. infantum in certain regions of Italy, as well as on the potential epidemiological role of roe deer for this parasite given the elevated prevalence found., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Starting from January 2015 until December 2016, a daily monitoring of the production of milk at three farms in the region of Gharb in Morocco, the climatic and rainfall data were taking into consideration to evaluate their effect on the physicochemical composition, the aim behind this study is to highlight the variability of the characteristics of raw milk by the seasonal climatic change, and to statistically analyze these variabilities in relation with seasons and the production conditions. The selected farms are known for their mastery of farming techniques, equipped with the new means of livestock health control. The livestock is 165 milk cows from two breed (Prim' holstein and montbeliard). The samples were collected from the farms. One litre bulk of milk were made by mixing the morning and the evening milk and stored at 5C until the measurement. The cows were milked by hand in milking boxes during feeding.

Introduction. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the most widespread pulmonary diseases. The important feature of conditions of emergence of COPD is long influence of etiological factors and risk factors. Detection of risk factors is urgent and necessary for well-timed diagnosis, purpose of adequate treatment, improvement of scheduled maintenance. The objective is to show the negative impact of individual etiological factors and of risk factors of COPD among adult population in one of the regions of the Komi Republic for the 2013–2016 period. Material and methods. Materials of medical examination among the adult population in the urban-type settlement Zheshart of the Komi Republic for the period of 2013–2016. The patients were divided into three age groups: from 21 to 36 years, from 39 to 60 years, from 60 years and older; men and women. Among the unfavorable etiological and risk factors a special attention was paid to climate, smoking, low physical activity, irrational nutrition. Results. The Komi Republic is characterized by a cold and severe climate. The adverse climatic factors promote development of COPD, especially in patients with genetic predisposition to pulmonary diseases. The percentage of smokers is high among the population and male smokers on average by 40.6 % more than women smokers. Smoking is mainly common at the age from 21 years old up to 36 years old. The number of patients with low physical activity remains at steadily high level. The number of women with low physical activity exceeds number of men in two and more times. Most of all patients with low physical activity (as well as with irrational nutrition) are noted at the age of 39–60 years. An alarming tendency is prevalence of an irrational nutrition. The number of the women eating irrationally exceeds the number of men in 1.5 -2 times. The number of patients with irrational nutrition is less at the age of 21–36 years. Conclusions. The serious risk factors of COPD are negative climatic conditions, low physical activity, smoking, irrational nutrition. Pulmonary rehabilitation is necessary for patients with COPD. A basis of pulmonary rehabilitation is the physical exercises. Identification and accounting of risk factors of COPD is important for improvement of scheduled maintenance, early diagnostics and purpose of adequate therapeutic treatment.

In India, especially in the state of Haryana in the northwestern parts, groundwater is the key source of water supply for domestic, industrial and agricultural uses. In recent years, the dependence on groundwater has increased drastically over the state due to speedy expansion of area under rice–wheat cultivation and therefore the states' aquifers have started experiencing over-exploitation. The aim of this study was to compute the magnitudes of groundwater level trends and abrupt change point detections spatially and temporally based on secondary data obtained from the Groundwater Cell, Department of Agriculture, Government of Haryana with respect to 118 community development blocks for pre- and post-monsoon seasons during 1990–2013. Three statistical models, namely Mann–Kendall test, Sen's slope estimator and simple linear regression, were applied to understand the trend and rate of change in groundwater level, whereas the abrupt change point detection analysis was carried out using Pettitt's test, standard normal homogeneity test, Buishand's range test and von Neumann ratio test. The results indicate that the average depth to groundwater level during pre-monsoon season in the state has ranged from 3.42 to 43.90 m below ground level (mbgl), whereas the average depth to groundwater level during post-monsoon season has ranged from 2.48 to 43.68 mbgl. The mean of groundwater level fluctuations during pre- and post-monsoon seasons was found to be − 6.0 and − 6.7 mbgl, respectively. The study highlights that the negative (falling) trends are much more pronounced (significant at 0.01% probability level) than positive (rising) ones, which corroborate the unsustainable groundwater development in the state. The abrupt change point detection analysis of groundwater levels indicates toward different change points, with maximum change points between the years 2000–2006 during pre- and post-monsoon seasons. This can be attributed to the advanced transplanting of rice crop by farmers much before the start of rainy season. In addition, both anthropogenic and climatic factors have led to groundwater depletion in the study area. These findings may be helpful for the planners and policy makers toward judicious utilization of groundwater resources in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a conspicuous increase in malaria cases since 2016/2017 over the three malaria-endemic provinces of South Africa. This increase has been linked to climatic and environmental factors. In the absence of adequate traditional environmental/climatic data covering ideal spatial and temporal extent for a reliable warning system, remotely sensed data are useful for the investigation of the relationship with, and the prediction of, malaria cases. Monthly environmental variables such as the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), the normalised difference water index (NDWI), the land surface temperature for night (LSTN) and day (LSTD), and rainfall were derived and evaluated using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models with different lag periods. Predictions were made for the last 56 months of the time series and were compared to the observed malaria cases from January 2013 to August 2017. All these factors were found to be statistically significant in predicting malaria transmission at a 2-months lag period except for LSTD which impact the number of malaria cases negatively. Rainfall showed the highest association at the two-month lag time (r=0.74; P