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Marine N2-fixing cyanobacteria, including the unicellular genus Crocosphaera, are considered keystone species in marine food webs. Crocosphaera are globally distributed and provide new sources of nitrogen and carbon, which fuel oligotrophic microbial communities and upper trophic levels. Despite their ecosystem importance, only one pelagic, oligotrophic, phycoerythrin-rich species, Crocosphaera watsonii, has ever been identified and characterized as widespread. Herein, we present a new species, named Crocosphaera waterburyi, enriched from the North Pacific Ocean. C. waterburyi was found to be phenotypically and genotypically distinct from C. watsonii, active in situ, distributed globally, and preferred warmer temperatures in culture and the ocean. Additionally, C. waterburyi was detectable in 150- and 4000-meter sediment export traps, had a relatively larger biovolume than C. watsonii, and appeared to aggregate in the environment and laboratory culture. Therefore, it represents an additional, previously unknown link between atmospheric CO2 and N2 gas and deep ocean carbon and nitrogen export and sequestration., (© The Author(s) [2024]. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Microbial Ecology.)

Bacterial characterization is an important aspect of microbiology that includes experimentally determining growth rates, environmental conditions conducive to growth, and the types of energy sources microorganisms can use. Researchers use this information to help understand and predict an organism's ecological distribution and environmental functions. Microbiology students generally conduct bacterial characterization experiments in their coursework; however, they are frequently restricted to model organisms without ecological relevance and already well-studied physiologies. We present a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) curriculum to involve students in characterization of previously untested, ecologically relevant aquatic free-living bacteria (bacterioplankton) cultures to identify the usable nutrient substrates, as well as the temperature and salinity ranges conducive to growth. Students use these results to connect their organism's physiology to the isolation environment. This curriculum also exposes students to advanced microbiology methods such as flow cytometry for measuring cell concentrations, teaches them to use the programming language R for data plotting, and emphasizes scientific communication through writing, speaking, poster creation/presentation, and social media. This CURE is an attractive introduction to scientific research and was successfully tested with 187 students in three semesters at two different universities. Students generated reproducible growth data for multiple strains across these different deployments, demonstrating the utility of the curriculum for research support., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Lanclos et al.)

The Salt Creek pupfish, Cyprinodon salinus salinus Miller, 1943 is endemic to Death Valley, California, USA, and resides as a single population within one of the most extreme inland aquatic environments capable of supporting fish. Here we report the sequencing of complete 16,499 base pair (bp) mitochondrion genomes from four C. salinus salinus individuals. The mitochondrial genome of C. salinus salinus comprises 13 protein-coding regions, 12S and 16S rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and an 832 bp D-loop region. The first reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified within the mtDNA of C. salinus salinus , with the four mitogenomes exhibiting only 0.0485% nucleotide sequence divergence indicative of low intraspecific variation. These complete mitogenomes will facilitate future genetic analyses of intraspecific diversity between the two described subspecies of C. salinus as well as other Cyprinodon pupfishes in southwestern North America., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest and are alone responsible for the content and writing of this manuscript., (© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

College students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder are likely to engage in alcohol use and experience alcohol-related problems. Use of protective behavioral strategies is related to fewer alcohol-related consequences. However, this association has not been sufficiently examined in relation to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, which could alter the likelihood of utilizing protective behavioral strategies. This study examined whether attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms moderate the relationship between protective behavioral strategies and alcohol use, and whether this differs by sex. Participants were 125 treatment-mandated college students (58.6% male; M age = 19.50 years) who completed measures of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, protective behavioral strategies, and past-2-week drinking. There was a significant 3-way interaction such that drinking was highest when protective behavioral strategy use was low and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms were high, but only for women. There was also a significant protective behavioral strategy by inattention interaction, as students with high inattention and low protective behavioral strategy use consumed the most drinks. Interventions to enhance use of protective behavioral strategies may effectively decrease alcohol use for college students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, particularly women.

While stimulant medication is commonly prescribed to treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in children and adolescents (Merikangas, He, Rapoport, Vitiello, & Olfson, 2013; Zuvekas & Vitiello, 2012) and is considered an empirically supported intervention for those groups (Barkley, Murphy, & Fischer, 2008; Pelham & Fabiano, 2008; Safren et al., 2005) surprisingly little is known about the efficacy of stimulants in the slightly older emerging adult population. A focus has emerged, however, on illicit stimulant use among undergraduates, with studies suggesting such behavior is not uncommon (e.g., Arria et al., 2013). Unfortunately, details are lacking regarding outcomes and personal characteristics associated with different patterns of stimulant misuse. The current study compares the characteristics of four groups of college students, including those with stimulant prescriptions who use them appropriately (i.e., appropriate users), those who misuse their prescription stimulants (i.e., medical misusers), those who obtain and use stimulants without a prescription (i.e., nonmedical misusers), and those who do not use stimulant medications at all (i.e., nonusers). Undergraduates (N = 1,153) from the Southeastern, Midwest, and Rocky Mountain regions completed online measures evaluating patterns of use, associated motives, side effects, ADHD symptomatology, and other substance use. Both types of misusers (i.e., students who abused their prescriptions and those who obtained stimulants illegally) reported concerning patterns of other and combined substance use, as well as higher prevalence of debilitating side effects such as insomnia and restlessness. Research and practical implications are discussed., (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved.)

Although the Cleveland family is well known in the profession for the two colleges that carry its name, relatively few of the details of the early activities of these chiropractic pioneers are recalled. This paper traces the early lives and careers of Ruth Ashworth and Carl S. Cleveland, Sr. from their education and marriage at the Palmer School in 1917 through their college operations and national professional activities before the start of the National Chiropractic Association's educational reform initiatives in the mid-1930s. The pair was active in Missouri chiropractors' struggles for licensure in the 1920s and fought to prevent the enactment of basic science legislation later on. The Clevelands remained allied to B. J. Palmer and the Chiropractic Health Bureau (today's International Chiropractors' Association) after the introduction of the neurocalometer (NCM) in 1924. However, they followed a less strident and less extreme course within straight chiropractic than did their Davenport mentor. The Cleveland College perpetuated a full-spine approach to chiropractic technique and always included diagnostic instruction. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Carl Cleveland's more moderate stance found favor within the unification efforts centered in the International Chiropractic Congress, and he served during 1931-1933 as president of the Congress' division of school leaders. The Cleveland Chiropractic College's battle for economic survival during the lean days of the nation's economic depression is a testimony to its founders' vision and commitment to chiropractic education.