32 results on '"Clemente-Orta, Gemma"'
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2. Landscape structure influences natural pest suppression in a rice agroecosystem
- Author
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Ali, M. P., Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Kabir, M. M. M., Haque, S. S., Biswas, M., and Landis, Douglas A.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Aphid suppression by natural enemies in hedgerows surrounding greenhouses in southern Spain
- Author
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Rodríguez, Estefanía, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Crisol-Martínez, Eduardo, Gutiérrez, Irene, van der Blom, Jan, and González, Mónica
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Aphidius colemani Behavior Changes Depending on Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Plants Infected with Viruses with Different Modes of Transmission
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Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Clemente-Orta, Gemma [0000-0002-1948-8371], Garzo, E. [0000-0001-8626-5832], Moreno, Aránzazu [0000-0003-1394-3123], Fereres, Alberto [0000-0001-6012-3270], Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Cabello, Ángel, Garzo, E., Moreno, Aránzazu, Fereres, Alberto, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Clemente-Orta, Gemma [0000-0002-1948-8371], Garzo, E. [0000-0001-8626-5832], Moreno, Aránzazu [0000-0003-1394-3123], Fereres, Alberto [0000-0001-6012-3270], Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Cabello, Ángel, Garzo, E., Moreno, Aránzazu, and Fereres, Alberto
- Abstract
Natural enemies are an additional component that may interact directly with the plant–virus–vector association, affecting viral dispersion. In our study, we conducted olfactometry assays to explore how single and mixed infections with CMV or/and CABYV modify the attractiveness of A. colemani to aphid-free and aphid-infested melon plants using two melon genotypes. Subsequently, we investigated the influence of CABYV-infected plants infested by A. gossypii on the parasitism rate and emergence of A. colemani in a dual-choice assay under greenhouse conditions. Our study demonstrates that males showed no preference for either infected or non-infected plants. Female parasitoids exhibit a preference for volatiles emitted by CMV and mixed-infected melon plants over clean air but not over mock-inoculated plants, suggesting a response influenced by plant genotype. Female parasitoid responses to CABYV and its interactions with aphids revealed a preference for mock-inoculated plants over CABYV-infected plants and a parasitism rate slightly higher (7.12%) on non-infected plants. Our study revealed that (1) parasitoids may reject olfactory cues from CABYV-infected plants, potentially interfering with the plant’s “cry for help” response; (2) in the case of CMV, whether in single or mixed infections, non-infected plants are as attractive as infected ones to parasitoids. Our findings suggest that persistent viruses manipulate aphid parasitoid behavior to their advantage, promoting virus disease in melon crops.
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- 2024
5. Acknowledgement to reviewers and guest editors of ECOSISTEMAS in the year 2023
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Hernández, Laura [0000-0002-1827-9623], Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre [0000-0003-3695-8117], Bartomeus, Ignasi [0000-0001-7893-4389], Molina-Morales, Mercedes [0000-0001-8669-6624], Sobral, Mar [0000-0001-6995-0491], Benavides, Raquel [0000-0003-2328-5371], Bastias, Cristina C. [0000-0002-2479-2001], Pérez-Luque, A. J. [0000-0002-1747-0469], Garrido-Bautista, Jorge [0000-0002-8120-0826], Villellas, Jesús [0000-0001-7805-5683], Palencia, Pablo [0000-0002-2928-4241], Miquelajauregui, Yosune [0000-0001-7084-7782], Pérez-Méndez, Néstor [0000-0001-6264-2920], Lacerot, Gissell [0000-0002-9705-5715], Astigarraga, Julen [0000-0001-9520-3713], Viota, María [0000-0001-5071-1079], Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel [0000-0002-8150-0802], Clemente-Orta, Gemma [0000-0002-1948-8371], Montagud, Daniel [0000-0002-0319-2154], Cruz-Alonso, Verónica [0000-0002-0642-036X], Hernández, Laura, Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Molina-Morales, Mercedes, Sobral, Mar, Benavides, Raquel, Bastias, Cristina C., Pérez-Luque, A. J., Garrido-Bautista, Jorge, Villellas, Jesús, Palencia, Pablo, Miquelajauregui, Yosune, Pérez-Méndez, Néstor, Lacerot, Gissell, Astigarraga, Julen, Viota, María, Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Montagud, Daniel, Cruz-Alonso, Verónica, Hernández, Laura [0000-0002-1827-9623], Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre [0000-0003-3695-8117], Bartomeus, Ignasi [0000-0001-7893-4389], Molina-Morales, Mercedes [0000-0001-8669-6624], Sobral, Mar [0000-0001-6995-0491], Benavides, Raquel [0000-0003-2328-5371], Bastias, Cristina C. [0000-0002-2479-2001], Pérez-Luque, A. J. [0000-0002-1747-0469], Garrido-Bautista, Jorge [0000-0002-8120-0826], Villellas, Jesús [0000-0001-7805-5683], Palencia, Pablo [0000-0002-2928-4241], Miquelajauregui, Yosune [0000-0001-7084-7782], Pérez-Méndez, Néstor [0000-0001-6264-2920], Lacerot, Gissell [0000-0002-9705-5715], Astigarraga, Julen [0000-0001-9520-3713], Viota, María [0000-0001-5071-1079], Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel [0000-0002-8150-0802], Clemente-Orta, Gemma [0000-0002-1948-8371], Montagud, Daniel [0000-0002-0319-2154], Cruz-Alonso, Verónica [0000-0002-0642-036X], Hernández, Laura, Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Molina-Morales, Mercedes, Sobral, Mar, Benavides, Raquel, Bastias, Cristina C., Pérez-Luque, A. J., Garrido-Bautista, Jorge, Villellas, Jesús, Palencia, Pablo, Miquelajauregui, Yosune, Pérez-Méndez, Néstor, Lacerot, Gissell, Astigarraga, Julen, Viota, María, Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Montagud, Daniel, and Cruz-Alonso, Verónica
- Published
- 2024
6. ECOSISTEMAS consolidates its commitment to an open and fair publishing system and moves towards its internationalization
- Author
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Bartomeus, Ignasi [0000-0001-7893-4389], Hernández, Laura [0000-0002-1827-9623], Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre [0000-0003-3695-8117], Molina-Morales, Mercedes [0000-0001-8669-6624], Sobral, Mar [0000-0001-6995-0491], Benavides, Raquel [0000-0003-2328-5371], Bastias, Cristina C. [0000-0002-2479-2001], Pérez-Luque, A. J. [0000-0002-1747-0469], Garrido-Bautista, Jorge [0000-0002-8120-0826], Villellas, Jesús [0000-0001-7805-5683], Palencia, Pablo [0000-0002-2928-4241], Miquelajauregui, Yosune [0000-0002-2928-4241], Pérez-Méndez, Néstor [0000-0001-6264-2920], Lacerot, Gissell [0000-0002-9705-5715], Astigarraga, Julen [0000-0001-9520-3713], Viota, María [0000-0001-5071-1079], Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel [0000-0002-8150-0802], Clemente-Orta, Gemma [0000-0002-1948-8371], Montagud, Daniel [0000-0002-0319-2154], Cruz-Alonso, Verónica [0000-0002-0642-036X], Bartomeus, Ignasi, Hernández, Laura, Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre, Molina-Morales, Mercedes, Sobral, Mar, Benavides, Raquel, Bastias, Cristina C., Pérez-Luque, A. J., Garrido-Bautista, Jorge, Villellas, Jesús, Palencia, Pablo, Miquelajauregui, Yosune, Pérez-Méndez, Néstor, Lacerot, Gissell, Astigarraga, Julen, Viota, María, Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Montagud, Daniel, Cruz-Alonso, Verónica, Bartomeus, Ignasi [0000-0001-7893-4389], Hernández, Laura [0000-0002-1827-9623], Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre [0000-0003-3695-8117], Molina-Morales, Mercedes [0000-0001-8669-6624], Sobral, Mar [0000-0001-6995-0491], Benavides, Raquel [0000-0003-2328-5371], Bastias, Cristina C. [0000-0002-2479-2001], Pérez-Luque, A. J. [0000-0002-1747-0469], Garrido-Bautista, Jorge [0000-0002-8120-0826], Villellas, Jesús [0000-0001-7805-5683], Palencia, Pablo [0000-0002-2928-4241], Miquelajauregui, Yosune [0000-0002-2928-4241], Pérez-Méndez, Néstor [0000-0001-6264-2920], Lacerot, Gissell [0000-0002-9705-5715], Astigarraga, Julen [0000-0001-9520-3713], Viota, María [0000-0001-5071-1079], Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel [0000-0002-8150-0802], Clemente-Orta, Gemma [0000-0002-1948-8371], Montagud, Daniel [0000-0002-0319-2154], Cruz-Alonso, Verónica [0000-0002-0642-036X], Bartomeus, Ignasi, Hernández, Laura, Jiménez-Eguizábal, Leyre, Molina-Morales, Mercedes, Sobral, Mar, Benavides, Raquel, Bastias, Cristina C., Pérez-Luque, A. J., Garrido-Bautista, Jorge, Villellas, Jesús, Palencia, Pablo, Miquelajauregui, Yosune, Pérez-Méndez, Néstor, Lacerot, Gissell, Astigarraga, Julen, Viota, María, Álvarez-Martínez, Jose Manuel, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Montagud, Daniel, and Cruz-Alonso, Verónica
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- 2024
7. Ants and predators cope with pest pressures by interacting with the surrounding vegetation at low spatial scales.
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Álvarez, Hugo Alejandro, Clemente‐Orta, Gemma, and Ruano, Francisca
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BIOLOGICAL pest control , *PEST control , *AGRICULTURE , *GRASSLANDS , *PESTS , *OLIVE - Abstract
Biological control of pests can be enhanced by the presence of semi‐natural habitats within agricultural landscapes. However, this assumption remains controversial due to inconsistencies related to the type of agroecosystems and the natural enemies studied. Within olive orchards, there is a lack of information regarding the interaction among natural enemies and their relation with habitat structure to control pests at the landscape scale. Here, we investigate the effects of the natural habitat on the pest, pest damage and the interaction of pests and natural enemies – using a trophic guild approach, in organic olive orchards. For this, we decomposed the natural habitats into vegetation structures and analysed their effects with a multi‐scale perspective. Our results show that (1) greater proportions of natural habitats increase the abundance of ants (omnivores) and predators and diminish pest pressures – reducing the impact of Prays oleae on olive fruits. (2) Vegetation structures within natural habitats were grouped, based on their effects, into three main vegetation groups: grassland and forest, scrublands and olive trees. However, the dense scrubland and the dense forest improve the abundance of natural enemies that are linked to pest damage the most. (3) Prays oleae increases in landscapes dominated by low numbers of patches that are highly aggregated. Conversely, ants and predators increased in landscapes dominated by high numbers of patches that have a less edge‐resembling shape. (4) Within the olive canopy, the abundance of lacewing larvae and salticid spiders is related to lower pest damage and a reduction in P. oleae adults respectively. However, when ants and predators interact with the natural habitat, they can cope with pest pressures without the need for high abundances, supporting 'the more‐effective natural enemy hypothesis' in agroecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Land use alters the abundance of herbivore and predatory insects on crops: the case of alfalfa
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Madeira, Filipe, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Alomar, Oscar, Batuecas, Ivan, Sossai, Samuel, and Albajes, Ramon
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- 2022
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9. Edge Effects of an Ecological Gradient on Beetle Functionality: A Case Study in Amaranthus hypochondriacus.
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Álvarez, Hugo Alejandro, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Carrillo-Ruiz, Hortensia, López-Olguín, Jesús F., Jiménez-García, Daniel, and Morón, Miguel A.
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DECIDUOUS forests , *SPECIES diversity , *CHRYSOMELIDAE , *FUNCTIONAL analysis , *NATURE reserves - Abstract
Ecological gradients are important for species in nature. However, there is a need to better understand how varying levels of disturbance influence the functional roles of beetle species within a crop area characterized by different types of natural vegetation. Here, we test such effects by studying a perturbation gradient – an ecological gradient that transitions from a natural area near the ecotone of a deciduous forest (a transitional zone between crops and forest) to a crop. The beetle specimens were collected along transects parallel to the ecotone, and their functional diversity was assessed using a clustering analysis and functional indices. We identified 21 species of beetles, and the highest species richness was observed in the Chrysomelidae family. A functional analysis revealed two main groups, including primary consumers (phytophages) and entomophagous beetles. The hedge area exhibited functional richness similar to the natural area. However, the functional evenness was consistently low across all the areas. The presence of natural habitats positively influenced beetle functionality and potentially impacted the abundance of deleterious species of beetles and their establishment at a low spatial scale. These findings underscore the importance of considering different spatial-scale-dynamics in agroecosystems and highlight the potential role of natural habitats in fostering functionality to indirectly control pests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Changes in landscape composition influence the abundance of insects on maize: The role of fruit orchards and alfalfa crops
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Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Madeira, Filipe, Batuecas, Iván, Sossai, Samuel, Juárez-Escario, Alejandro, and Albajes, Ramon
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- 2020
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11. Elucidating the daily foraging activity pattern of Oecophylla smaragdina to minimize bite nuisances in Asia large agro-system plantations
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University of Malaya, European Commission, Gouvernement de la République française, Exélis, Moïse Pierre, Ramli, Rosli, Abdul-Latif, Samshul Amry, Idris, Azarae Hj, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Kermorvant, Claire, University of Malaya, European Commission, Gouvernement de la République française, Exélis, Moïse Pierre, Ramli, Rosli, Abdul-Latif, Samshul Amry, Idris, Azarae Hj, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, and Kermorvant, Claire
- Abstract
Oecophylla smaragdina F., the Asian weaver ant, is one of the oil palm plantation's (Elaeis guineensis) potential predators, for the invasive bagworm species Metisa plana Walker, but this ant is a nuisance species that irritates plantation workers with their sharp bites. Here we assess the foraging activities (FA) of O. smaragdina's major workers, identify its inactive times and the existence of supervision, a novelty for social insects. Between 2018 and 2022, the pattern of trunk foraging activity was used as a mitigation measure. The relationship between trunk FA and air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), air pressure (AP), and rainfall interception (RI) was also investigated. Our results showed that, O. smaragdina is a strictly diurnal ant species, has little to no crepuscular activity, and stopped foraging during darkness. Moreover, veteran bigger workers systematically acted as supervisors by monitoring trails, intercepting, and bringing back to nests smaller individuals during heat peaks. In relation to population size relative abundance, all colonies displayed greater intensity during the warmest daily periods with higher mean forager density among the bigger colony, regardless of the dry-rainy intervals corresponded to minimal activity from late scotophase to early photophase and showed a bimodal pattern. Thus, forager activity peaked between 1100–1530 h and 1745–1845 h, and an average two-fold daily sudden decrease in intensity between 1620 and 1650 h as a partial cut-off period (first report). Furthermore, foraging activity, AT, AP showed a significant positive correlation while RH was negative. Finally, we found that from the base palm trunks, defensive territorial layers extended to 5 m on average with different spatial configurations indicating greater foraging density within the first 2 m. Our study shows O. smaragdina daily low activity periods, before 1000 h, being the most suitable to avoid forager attacks to facilitate pruning and harvesting
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- 2024
12. Planting period is the main factor for controlling maize rough dwarf disease
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Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Albajes, Ramon, Batuecas, Iván, and Achon, M. A.
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- 2021
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13. Aphid suppression by natural enemies in hedgerows surrounding greenhouses in southern Spain
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European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, European Commission, Clemente-Orta, Gemma [0000-0002-1948-8371], Rodríguez, Estefanía, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Crisol-Martínez, Eduardo, Gutiérrez, Irene, Blom, Jan van der, González, Mónica, European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, European Commission, Clemente-Orta, Gemma [0000-0002-1948-8371], Rodríguez, Estefanía, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Crisol-Martínez, Eduardo, Gutiérrez, Irene, Blom, Jan van der, and González, Mónica
- Abstract
Southern Spain is home to the most intensively grown protected crop area in the EU. The area is currently characterized by greenhouse monocultures and a homogenous landscape. The establishment of hedgerows among greenhouses can enhance the diversity of natural enemies of pests around the greenhouses and help them thrive. However, the effect of hedgerows on pest control has not been addressed. Thus, we used aphid banker plants, i.e. wheat infested with Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), as sentinel plants in the surroundings of three paired greenhouses with and without hedgerows. We assessed the effect of hedgerows on the abundance of aphids and arthropod community populations. In addition, we assessed the importance of the surrounding environment on aphid survival. There were 4.1-fold more aphids on sentinel plants excluded from the action of natural enemies than ones exposed to them, showing that biological control occurs naturally even in a simplified greenhouse agrosystem. Aphid populations were slightly higher (albeit not significantly) in replicates without hedgerows than in those with hedgerows. The percentage of greenhouses, rather than hedgerows, was an essential factor in suppressing aphids, highlighting the importance of using commercial biological control in greenhouses. The presence of hedgerows resulted in changes in arthropod composition populations, i.e. in a lower occurrence of pests and a higher occurrence of natural enemies, especially in the most simplified replicate. We propose increasing the amount of hedgerows for reducing pressure from pests on simplified greenhouse agrosystems.
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- 2023
14. Aphidius colemani Behavior Changes Depending on Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Plants Infected with Viruses with Different Modes of Transmission
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Clemente-Orta, Gemma, primary, Cabello, Ángel, additional, Garzo, Elisa, additional, Moreno, Aranzazu, additional, and Fereres, Alberto, additional
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- 2024
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15. Ecología del movimiento de artrópodos y el control biológico: desde el laboratorio hasta el paisaje
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Álvarez, Hugo Alejandro, primary and Clemente-Orta, Gemma, additional
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- 2023
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16. Early planting, management of edges and non-crop habitats reduce potyvirus infection in maize
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Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Albajes, Ramon, and Achon, Maria Angeles
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- 2020
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17. Ecología del movimiento de artrópodos y el control biológico: desde el laboratorio hasta el paisaje
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Álvarez, Hugo Alejandro, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Álvarez, Hugo Alejandro, and Clemente-Orta, Gemma
- Abstract
[EN] Arthropods are an important part of the biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems, having a key role in trophic chains, providing one of the most important ecosystem services for the human being that is the biological control of pests. Therefore, for ecology, it is necessary to know where natural enemies are and disperse within agricultural landscapes to provide an effective biological control. This bibliographic review aims to offer a general overview of basic concepts and the state of the art within the study of the arthropod movement and its relationship with the biological control of pests. Our results suggest that (i) the movement of arthropods that consume or parasitize other arthropods is crucial for seeking new resources and escaping spatial and temporal disturbances in ephemeral and/or disturbed habitats in agricultural landscapes, moving directionally or bidirectionally between patches in the landscape. (ii) Both the agroecosystem and natural habitats and/or non-agricultural habitats can provide resources for natural enemies. (iii) Studies that relate arthropod movement and biological control can be integrated into three categories: laboratory trials, field trials at the local level (greenhouse, semi-field, and open-field), and field trials at the habitat level. Moreover, we did not find papers of landscape scale methodologies. In all studies, the techniques used are: (1) tracking by video camera and software (laboratory tests), (2) difference in abundance (quantification of distribution), (3) observation and tracking, (4) observation and tracking in enclosures (boxes), (5) mark and recapture, (6) self-marking and capture and (7) mark capture (field trials at the local level and field trials at the habitat level). On the other hand, (iv) there is the need of works that uses spatial analysis methodologies or landscape ecology in the study of arthropod movement and biological control. Finally, it is recommended that given the highly dynamic nature of agric, [ES] Los artrópodos conforman una parte importante de la biodiversidad de los ecosistemas terrestres, teniendo un rol clave en las cadenas tróficas, proveyendo de uno de los servicios ecosistémicos más importantes para el ser humano que es el control biológico de plagas. Por tanto, para la ecología es necesario saber dónde están y hacia dónde se dispersan los enemigos naturales en los paisajes agrícolas para proporcionar un control biológico efectivo. La presente revisión bibliográfica tiene por objetivo ofrecer una perspectiva general de conceptos básicos y del estado del arte del estudio del movimiento de los artrópodos y su relación con el control biológico de plagas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que (i) el movimiento de los artrópodos que consumen o parasitan a otros artrópodos resulta crucial para buscar nuevos recursos y escapar de las perturbaciones a nivel espacial y temporal en los hábitats efímeros y/o perturbados pertenecientes a los paisajes agrícolas, moviéndose de manera direccional o bidireccional entre parches en el paisaje. (ii) Tanto el agroecosistema como los hábitats naturales y/o hábitats no agrícolas pueden proporcionar recursos para los enemigos naturales. (iii) Los estudios que relacionan el movimiento de artrópodos y el control biológico se pueden integrar en tres categorías: ensayos de laboratorio, ensayos en campo a nivel local (invernadero, semi-campo y campo abierto) y ensayos en campo a nivel hábitat. No obstante, no se encontraron artículos con metodologías a escala de paisaje. En los estudios encontrados las técnicas que se utilizan son: el (1) rastreo por videocámara y software (ensayos de laboratorio), (2) diferencia en abundancia (cuantificación de la distribución), (3) observación y rastreo, (4) observación y rastreo en encierros (boxes), (5) marcaje y recaptura, (6) automarcaje y captura y (7) captura de marca (ensayos en campo a nivel local y ensayos en campo a nivel hábitat). Además, (iv) hacen falta más trabajos que utilicen m
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- 2023
18. Distribution and Nest Occupancy Patterns of Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Colonies in Southeast Asia Oil Palm Plantations
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Piere, Exelis, primary, Ramli, Rosli, additional, Hj Idris, Azarae, additional, W. Ibrahim, Rabha, additional, and Clemente -Orta, Gemma, additional
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- 2023
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19. Landscape diversity influences the arthropod species diversity in the rice field
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Ali, M. P., primary, Biswas, M., additional, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, additional, Kabir, M. M. M., additional, Datta, Juel, additional, Haque, S. S., additional, Qin, Xinghu, additional, Landis, Douglas, additional, Kaur, Parwinder, additional, Pittendrigh, Barry R., additional, and Howlader, M. T. H., additional
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- 2022
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20. Positive Edge Effects of Natural Habitats Produce Matching Response in Beetle Population and Plant Morphometry in Amaranth Crop
- Author
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Álvarez, Hugo A., primary, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, additional, Carrillo-Ruiz, Hortensia, additional, López-Olguín, Jesús F., additional, Jiménez-García, Daniel, additional, and Morón, Miguel A., additional
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- 2022
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21. The Influence of Planting Periods on Herbivore and Natural Enemy Abundance on Yellow Sticky Traps in Bt Maize Fields
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Clemente Orta, Gemma, primary, Álvarez, Hugo Alejandro, additional, Madeira, Filipe, additional, and Albajes, Ramon, additional
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- 2022
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22. Effects of diversifying the planting period of maize on herbivorous and their natural enemies
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Clemente-Orta, Gemma María, primary, Álvarez, Hugo Alejandro, additional, Madeira, Filipe, additional, and Albajes, Ramon, additional
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- 2022
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23. Plant morphometry matches beetle diversity: effects of natural adjacent vegetation on grain Amaranth crop under small-holder conditions
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Álvarez, Hugo Alejandro, primary, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, additional, Carrillo-Ruiz, Hortensia, additional, López-Olguín, Jesus, additional, Jiménez-García, Daniel, additional, and Morón, Miguel Ángel, additional
- Published
- 2021
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24. Land use alters the abundance of herbivore and predatory insects on crops: the case of alfalfa
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Madeira, Filipe, primary, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, additional, Alomar, Oscar, additional, Batuecas, Ivan, additional, Sossai, Samuel, additional, and Albajes, Ramon, additional
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- 2021
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25. Integrated Pest Management in Maize at the Landscape Scale
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Clemente Orta, Gemma María, Albajes Garcia, Ramon, Achón Samá, Mª Ángeles, and Universitat de Lleida. Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal
- Subjects
Insectes ,Paisaje ,Insects ,Landscape ,Insectos ,Producció Vegetal ,Paisatge ,Virus - Abstract
La demanda mundial d’aliments ha dut al desenvolupament d’una intensa activitat agrícola produint la fragmentació, modificació i simplificació dels hàbitats naturals ja documentats com una de les principals causes de l’extinció i pèrdua de la diversitat d’espècies. La biodiversitat que tenen els ecosistemes proveeix d’una sèrie de serveis ecosistèmics a l’ésser humà i el control biològic natural de plagues es un dels serveis que s’ha vist alterat especialment als agroecosistemes. Tot i que existeix una creixent literatura científica que suggereix que la presència d’hàbitats naturals beneficia als enemics naturals als groecosistemes, l’eficiència del control biològic segueix sent un dels principals reptes en aquests estudis, oncs els efectes varien molt entre espècies i entre estudis. Entendre els patrons d’abundància i moviment de les espècies d’enemics naturals i d’herbívors, així com les interaccions entre aquests en els paisatges agrícoles, es espacialment i temporal complex. Si bé la gestió dels hàbitats agrícoles ofereix solucions per a reduir la pèrdua del rendiment degut a les plagues, en el cas dels virus, la simplificació excessiva de la diversitat dels cultius, els sistemes intensius de cultiu i l’ús de productes fitosanitaris interfereixen amb les funcions ecològiques dels agroecosistemes alterant la epidemiologia de malalties a les plantes. Amb l’objectiu d’oferir una perspectiva general sobre la’influència que el paisatge agrícola pot tenir sobre el control biològic i la epidemiologia viral, aquesta tesis s’ha enfocat en analitzar els efectes del paisatge agrícola des d’una perspectiva de composició espacial i del maneig del camp sobre espècies d’insectes herbívors i depredadors, així com en els principals virus que afecten al cultiu del panís a la zona de la Vall de l’Ebre. La primera part de la tesis està orientada a (1) l’ampliació en el coneixement de quins són els tipus d’estudis que s’estan duent a terme per analitzar els efectes de l’agroecosistema en el control biològic, les diferents metodologies i els resultats més recents (Capítol 1), i (2) els diferents efectes que té l’estructura (composició i configuració) del paisatge i les variables locals en les espècies de depredadors i herbívors presents en el cultiu de panís (Capítol 2). La segona part de la Tesi està orientada a estudiar els efectes del paisatge sobre tres dels principals virus que afecten al cultiu de panís (1) dos virus generalistes de vector: el virus del mosaic de la canya de sucre (SCMV) i el virus del mosaic nanitzant del panís (MDMV) (Capítol 3), i un virus especialista de vector: el virus del nanisme rugós del panís (MRDV) (Capítol 4). Les principals conclusions d’aquesta tesis doctoral són: (1) els estudis de caràcter funcional on s’estudia composició del paisatge han demostrat que les espècies d’enemics naturals necessiten hàbitats specífics, però que altres variables com són els efectes locals del cultiu també poden afectar a les seves dinàmiques i les de les plagues amb més força; (2) la superfície de fruiters afecta negativament als depredadors potencials del panís, però que les cobertes vegetals d’aquests afecten positivament a certes espècies d’herbívors en absència del panís; (3) l’alfals actua com un cultiu que aporta depredadors i herbívors al cultiu de panís actuant com un recurs per a les espècies més importants dels hàbitats seminaturals; (4) la incidència viral al panís està influïda principalment per la data de sembra i per la cobertura i presència d’espècies de gramínies als marges. Aquests resultats obren una via en el coneixement dels efectes que produeixen tant la composició del paisatge agrícola com el maneig del propi camp en l’abundància i distribució d’herbívors, depredadors i de virus en el cultiu de panís. Aquests resultats a més suggereixen que s’han de contemplar mesures de gestió a escala local que garanteixin nivells mínims de biodiversitat i sostenibilitat com a base inicial per al desenvolupament de programes més eficients de control biològic de plagues i virus. La demanda mundial de alimentos ha llevado al desarrollo de una intensa actividad agrícola produciendo una fragmentación, modificación y simplificación de los hábitats naturales ya documentada como una de las principales causas de la extinción y pérdida de la diversidad de especies. La cantidad, estructura y forma de la superficie de estos hábitats naturales fragmentados genera efectos positivos o negativos sobre la abundancia y diversidad de las especies. La biodiversidad que tienen los ecosistemas provee de una serie de servicios ecosistémicos al ser humano, y el control biológico natural de plagas es uno de los servicios que se ha visto alterado especialmente en los agroecosistemas. Aunque existe una creciente literatura científica que sugiere que la presencia de hábitats naturales beneficia a los enemigos naturales en los agroecosistemas, la eficiencia del control biológico sigue siendo uno de los principales retos en estos estudios, pues los efectos varían mucho entre especies y entre estudios. Entender los patrones de abundancia y movimiento de las especies de enemigos naturales y de herbívoros en los paisajes agrícolas, así como las interacciones entre estos, es espacial y temporalmente complejo. Si bien la gestión de los hábitats agrícolas ofrece soluciones para reducir la pérdida de rendimiento debido a las plagas, en el caso de los virus la simplificación excesiva de la diversidad de los cultivos, los sistemas intensivos de cultivo y el uso de productos fitosanitarios interfieren con las funciones ecológicas de los agroecosistemas alterando la epidemiología de enfermedades en las plantas. Con el objetivo de ofrecer una perspectiva general sobre la influencia que el paisaje agrícola puede tener sobre el control biológico y la epidemiología viral, esta tesis se ha centrado en analizar los efectos del paisaje agrícola desde una perspectiva de composición espacial y del manejo del campo sobre especies de insectos herbívoros y depredadores, así como en los principales virus que afectan al cultivo de maíz en la zona del Valle del Ebro. La primera parte de la tesis está orientada a (1) la ampliación en el conocimiento de cuáles son los tipos de estudios que se están realizando para analizar los efectos del agroecosistema en control biológico, las diferentes metodologías y los resultados más recientes (Capítulo 1), y (2) los efectos que tiene la estructura (composición y configuración) del paisaje y las variables locales en las especies de depredadores y herbívoros presentes en el cultivo del maíz (Capítulo 2). La segunda parte de la tesis está orientada a estudiar los efectos del paisaje sobre tres de los principales virus que afectan al cultivo del maíz (1) dos virus generalistas de vector: el virus del mosaico de la caña de azúcar (SCMV) y el virus del mosaico enanizante del maíz (MDMV) (Capítulo 3), y un virus especialista de vector: el virus del enanismo rugoso del maíz (MRDV) (Capítulo 4). Las principales conclusiones de esta tesis son: (1) los estudios de carácter funcional donde se analiza la composición del paisaje han demostrado que las especies de enemigos naturales necesitan de hábitats específicos, pero que otras variables como son los efectos locales del cultivo también pueden afectar a las dinámicas de los enemigos naturales y los herbívoros con más fuerza; (2) la superficie de frutales afecta negativamente a los depredadores potenciales en el maíz, pero que las cubiertas vegetales de estos afectan positivamente a ciertas especies de herbívoros; (3) la alfalfa actúa como un cultivo que aporta depredadores y herbívoros al cultivo del maíz actuando como un recurso para las especies con mayores efectos que los hábitats semi-naturales; (4) la incidencia viral en el maíz está influenciada principalmente por la fecha de siembra y por la cobertura y presencia de especies de gramíneas en los márgenes. Estos resultados abren una vía en el conocimiento de los efectos que produce tanto la composición del paisaje agrícola como el manejo del propio campo en la abundancia y distribución de herbívoros, depredadores y de virus en el cultivo del maíz. Además, son una base para predecir las consecuencias de la modificación de las prácticas agrícolas en el control biológico de plagas y de virus en el cultivo del maíz. Estos resultados además sugieren que deben de contemplarse medidas de gestión a escala local que garanticen niveles mínimos de biodiversidad y sostenibilidad como base inicial para el desarrollo de programas más eficientes de control biológico de plagas y virus. The global demand for food has led to the development of intense agricultural activity resulting in fragmentation, modification and simplification of natural habitats already documented as one of the main causes of extinction and loss of species diversity. The quantity, structure and surface shape of these fragmented natural habitats generate positive or negative effects on the abundance and diversity of species. The biodiversity that ecosystems have provides a series of ecosystem services to humans, and natural biological control is one of the services that has been altered, especially in agroecosystems. Although there is growing scientific literature that suggests that the presence of natural habitats benefits natural enemies in agroecosystems, the efficiency of biological control remains one of the main challenges in these studies, as the effects vary greatly between species and between studies. Understanding the patterns of abundance and movement of natural enemies and herbivores, as well as understanding the interactions between them, is spatially and temporarily complex in agricultural landscapes. While agricultural habitat management offers solutions to reduce yield loss due to pests, in the case of viruses, the excessive simplification of crop diversity, intensive cropping systems and the use of phytosanitary products interfere with the ecological functions of agroecosystems, altering the epidemiology of diseases in plants. With the aim of offering a general perspective on the influence that the agricultural landscape can have on biological control and viral epidemiology, this thesis has focused on analysing the effects of the agricultural landscape from a spatial composition and field management perspective on species of herbivorous and predatory insects, as well as in the main viruses that affect the cultivation of maize in the area of the Ebro Valley. The first part of the thesis is aimed at (1) broadening the knowledge of identifying the types of studies that are being conducted to analyse the effects of agroecosystem on biological control, the different methodologies and the most recent results (Chapter 1), and (2) the effects of the structure (composition and configuration) of the landscape and the local variables in the predators and herbivores present in the cultivation of maize (Chapter 2). The second part of the thesis is aimed at studying the effects of the landscape on three of the main viruses that affect the cultivation of maize (1) two generalist vector viruses: the sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and the maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) (Chapter 3), and a vector specialist virus: the maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) (Chapter 4). The main conclusions of this thesis are as follows: (1) functional studies where landscape composition is studied have shown that natural enemy species need specific habitats, while other variables such as the local effects of the crop can also affect the dynamics of natural enemies and herbivores with greater weight; (2) the surface of orchards negatively affects potential predators in maize, but the plant cover of these positively affects certain species of herbivores; (3) alfalfa acts as a crop that contributes predators and herbivores to the cultivation of maize acting as a resource for species with higher effects than semi-natural habitats; and (4) the viral incidence in maize is mainly influenced by the planting date and the cover and presence of grass species at the edges. These results offer additional knowledge about the effects produced by both the composition of the agricultural landscape and the management of the field itself in the abundance and distribution of herbivores, predators and viruses in the cultivation of maize. In addition, they provide a basis for predicting the consequences of the modification of agricultural practices in the biological control of pests and viruses in the cultivation of maize. These results also suggest that local management measures that guarantee minimum levels of biodiversity and sustainability should be considered as the initial basis for the development of more efficient biological control programmes for pests and viruses.
- Published
- 2020
26. The virome of maize rough dwarf disease: Molecular genome diversification, phylogeny and selection
- Author
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Achon, Maria Angeles, primary, Serrano, Luis, additional, Clemente‐Orta, Gemma, additional, and Barcelo, Anna, additional
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- 2020
- Full Text
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27. The influence of agricultural landscape in biological control from a spatial perspective
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Clemente-Orta, Gemma, primary and Álvarez, Hugo Alejandro, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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28. Las arañas y su papel como agentes de control biológico natural
- Author
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Rodríguez, Estefanía, González, M., Cotes, Belén, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Mas, Eva de, Benítez León, Emilio, Campos, Mercedes, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and European Commission
- Abstract
Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el proyecto RECUPERA 2020 del MINECO y EU-FEDER; y por el proyecto TRANS·FORMA (PP.TRA.TAA201600.9). La investigación realizada por E. Rodriguez ha sido realizada gracias al programa DOC-INIA (INIA-FEDER).
- Published
- 2018
29. Spider Communities and Biological Control in Native Habitats Surrounding Greenhouses
- Author
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Cotes, Belén, primary, González, Mónica, additional, Benítez, Emilio, additional, De Mas, Eva, additional, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, additional, Campos, Mercedes, additional, and Rodríguez, Estefanía, additional
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Las arañas y su papel como agentes de control biológico natural
- Author
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Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Rodríguez, Estefanía, González, M., Cotes, Belén, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Mas, Eva de, Benítez León, Emilio, Campos, Mercedes, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Rodríguez, Estefanía, González, M., Cotes, Belén, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Mas, Eva de, Benítez León, Emilio, and Campos, Mercedes
- Published
- 2018
31. Spider Communities and Biological Control in Native Habitats Surrounding Greenhouses
- Author
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European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Junta de Andalucía, Cotes, Belén, González, Mónica, Benítez León, Emilio, Mas, Eva de, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Campos, Mercedes, Rodríguez, Estefanía, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Junta de Andalucía, Cotes, Belén, González, Mónica, Benítez León, Emilio, Mas, Eva de, Clemente-Orta, Gemma, Campos, Mercedes, and Rodríguez, Estefanía
- Abstract
The promotion of native vegetation as a habitat for natural enemies, which could increase their abundance and fitness, is especially useful in highly simplified settings such as Mediterranean greenhouse landscapes. Spiders as generalist predators may also be involved in intra-guild predation. However, the niche complementarity provided by spiders as a group means that increased spider diversity may facilitate complementary control actions. In this study, the interactions between spiders, the two major horticultural pests, Bemisia tabaci and Frankliniella occidentalis, and their naturally occurring predators and parasitoids were evaluated in a mix of 21 newly planted shrubs selected for habitat management in a highly disturbed horticultural system. The effects of all factors were evaluated using redundancy analysis (RDA) and the generalized additive model (GAM) to assess the statistical significance of abundance of spiders and pests. The GAM showed that the abundance of both pests had a significant effect on hunter spider’s abundance, whereas the abundance of B. tabaci, but not F. occidentalis, affected web-weavers’ abundance. Ordination analysis showed that spider abundance closely correlated with that of B. tabaci but not with that of F. occidentalis, suggesting that complementarity occurs, and thereby probability of biocontrol, with respect to the targeted pest B. tabaci, although the temporal patterns of the spiders differed from those of F. occidentalis. Conservation strategies involving the establishment of these native plants around greenhouses could be an effective way to reduce pest populations outdoors.
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- 2018
32. La influencia del paisaje agrícola en el control biológico desde una perspectiva espacial
- Author
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Clemente Orta, Gemma María and Álvarez, Hugo Alejandro
- Subjects
Agroecosystem ,Natural enemies ,Landscape scales ,Landscape ecology ,Food webs ,Natural habitat - Abstract
La intensificación agrícola modifica y simplifica el paisaje agrícola alterando los servicios ecosistémicos que la biodiversidad proporciona a los agroecosistemas, especialmente el control biológico de plagas. Con el objetivo de ofrecer una perspectiva general sobre la influencia que el paisaje agrícola puede tener sobre el control biológico, en la presente revisión se recopilan diversos artículos que analizan los efectos del paisaje desde una perspectiva de complejidad y composición espacial. Encontramos que existe una creciente literatura científica, que sugiere que la presencia de hábitats naturales beneficia a los enemigos naturales en los agroecosistemas. Sin embargo, la baja eficacia del control biológico sigue siendo uno de los principales retos en estos estudios. Entender los patrones de abundancia y movimiento de las especies de enemigos naturales y de herbívoros en los paisajes agrícolas es altamente complejo (espacial y temporalmente), lo que dificulta su interpretación y comparación entre estudios. Aunque el uso de redes tróficas todavía es muy escaso en la literatura, su aplicación en este tipo de estudios supone un desarrollo prometedor. Agricultural intensification simplifies and modifies the agricultural landscape, disturbing the ecosystem services that biodiversity provides to agroecosystems, particularly the biological control. In this review we gathered several articles that analyse landscape from the perspective of spatial composition and spatial complexity. Our aim was to present an overall view of the influence that an agricultural landscape may have on biological control. We found that there is an increasing scientific literature that suggest that the presence of natural habitats beneficiates natural enemies within agroecosystems. However, inefficient biological control supposes a great challenge in this type of studies. Understanding the patterns of movement and abundance of the species of herbivores and natural enemies in agricultural landscapes is highly complex (temporal and spatial) and this hinder its interpretation and comparison amongst studies. Although the use of a trophic network approach is still scarce in the literature, however, its application at different scales may entail a promising development in such research.gies used in the study of landscape ecology of agroecositems. G. Clemente-Orta fue financiada con la beca de investigación BES-2015-072378 otorgada por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España y H.A. Álvarez fue financiado con una beca internacional (registro 332659) otorgada por CONACyT México.
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