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Background: Pediatric investigation plans (PIPs) describe how adult drugs can be studied in children. In 2015, PIPs for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) became mandatory for European marketing-authorization of adult treatments, unless a waiver is granted by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Objective: To assess the feasibility of clinical studies on the effect of therapy in children (<18 years) with ALS in Europe. Methods: The EMA database was searched for submitted PIPs in ALS. A questionnaire was sent to 58 European ALS centers to collect the prevalence of pediatric ALS during the past ten years, the recruitment potential for future pediatric trials, and opinions of ALS experts concerning a waiver for ALS. Results: Four PIPs were identified; two were waived and two are planned for the future. In total, 49 (84.5%) centers responded to the questionnaire. The diagnosis of 44,858 patients with ALS was reported by 46 sites; 39 of the patients had an onset < 18 years (prevalence of 0.008 cases per 100,000 or 0.087% of all diagnosed patients). The estimated recruitment potential (47 sites) was 26 pediatric patients within five years. A majority of ALS experts (75.5%) recommend a waiver should apply for ALS due to the low prevalence of pediatric ALS. Conclusions: ALS with an onset before 18 years is extremely rare and may be a distinct entity from adult ALS. Conducting studies on the effect of disease-modifying therapy in pediatric ALS may involve lengthy recruitment periods, high costs, ethical/legal implications, challenges in trial design and limited information.

Fe Mössbauer spectra have been recorded from the hexagonal (6H)- and trigonal (15R)- modifications of BaFeOF and are compared with those previously recorded from the cubic form of BaFeOF. The spectra, recorded over a temperature range from 15 to 650 K show that all of the iron in all the compounds is in the Fe state. Spectra from the 6H- and 15R-modifications were successfully fitted with components that were related to the Fe(1) and Fe(2) structural sites in the 6H variant and to the Fe(1), Fe(2) and Fe(3) structural sites in the 15R form. The magnetic ordering temperatures were determined as 597 ± 3 K for 6H-BaFeOF and 636 ± 3 K for 15R-BaFeOF. These values are surprisingly close to the value of 645 ± 5 K determined for the cubic form. The magnetic interactions in the three forms are compared with a view to explaining this similarity of magnetic ordering temperature.

Members of the Mueller family play shuffleboard near their home at Lake Maxinkuckee., This photograph album, dated 1935–1944, was created by the Clemens O. Mueller family and includes photographs of family members in Indianapolis, at Lake Maxinkuckee in Culver, and at DePauw University in Greencastle. This album features many photos of Clemens' daughter, Marjorie Jean Mueller, from her time at DePauw University and John Herron School of Arts. Clemens Otto Mueller (1889-1963) was the son of John George Mueller (1860–1932) and Julia Wilhemine Schnull (1864–1926) of Indianapolis. The Mueller family was known for the Mooney-Mueller Drug Company of Indianapolis.

This photograph, captioned "Going to the Lake" shows several friends of Clemens O. Mueller arriving at Culver, Indiana to spend time at the Mueller family's cottage at Lake Maxinkuckee., This photograph album, dated April 1907–October 1910, was created by Clemens O. Mueller and includes photographs of his family at Lake Maxinkuckee, Brown County, and Harvard. Clemens Otto Mueller (1889-1963) was the son of John George Mueller (1860–1932) and Julia Wilhemine Schnull (1864–1926). Julia's sisters Emma and Nannie married into the Vonnegut family, linking the Schnull, Mueller, and Vonnegut families who were all prominent Indianapolis famlies of German heritage. These three families also owned cottages along the east shore of the lake and spent summers there starting in the 1880s.

The Mooney Mueller Drug Company of Indianapolis was formed by William J. Mooney and J. George Mueller in 1902. This photo shows the company's building at 101 N. Meridian Street in 1910., This photograph album, dated April 1907–October 1910, was created by Clemens O. Mueller and includes photographs of his family at Lake Maxinkuckee, Brown County, and Harvard. Clemens Otto Mueller (1889-1963) was the son of John George Mueller (1860–1932) and Julia Wilhemine Schnull (1864–1926). Julia's sisters Emma and Nannie married into the Vonnegut family, linking the Schnull, Mueller, and Vonnegut families who were all prominent Indianapolis famlies of German heritage. These three families also owned cottages along the east shore of the lake and spent summers there starting in the 1880s.

Alex Vonnegut, son of noted Indianapolis architect Bernard Vonnegut, was photographed studying in his room. Clemens O. Mueller and Alex Vonnegut were first cousins through their mothers Nannie (Schnull) Vonnegut and Julia (Schnull) Mueller. In addition to spending much time together in Indianapolis and vacationing at Lake Maxinkuckee, cousins Clemens and Alex also attended Harvard University together from around 1906-1911., This photograph album, dated April 1907–October 1910, was created by Clemens O. Mueller and includes photographs of his family at Lake Maxinkuckee, Brown County, and Harvard. Clemens Otto Mueller (1889-1963) was the son of John George Mueller (1860–1932) and Julia Wilhemine Schnull (1864–1926). Julia's sisters Emma and Nannie married into the Vonnegut family, linking the Schnull, Mueller, and Vonnegut families who were all prominent Indianapolis famlies of German heritage. These three families also owned cottages along the east shore of the lake and spent summers there starting in the 1880s.

Clemens O. Mueller, age 11, wrote this short poem about Lake Maxinkuckee as part his handwritten newspaper. His family owned a cottage along the lake's east shore where they spent summers starting in the 1880s.

Clemens O. Mueller, son of J. George and Julia Schnull Mueller, made this list of guests that he titled "People at Maxinkuckee - Three Cottages (Potts, Mueller-Vonnegut, C. Vonnegut)." The handwritten list of guests includes many notable vacationers from Indianapolis including Mr. and Mrs. Meredith Nicholson, Mr. and Mrs. Alfred F. Potts, and the families of Mr. and Mrs. Clemens Vonnegut, Jr. and Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Vonnegut. The Schnull, Mueller, and Vonnegut families all owned cottages along the east shore of the lake and spent summers there starting in the 1880s.

Clemens O. Mueller kept this score sheet for the tennis matches that he had with his cousins and friends while vacationing at Lake Maxinkuckee in the summer of 1905. Mueller played several matches with his first cousins Alex, Kurt (Sr.), and Irma Vonnegut, the children of noted Indianapolis architect Bernard Vonnegut and his wife Nannie. The Schnull, Mueller, and Vonnegut families all owned cottages along the east shore of the lake and spent summers there starting in the 1880s.

Sisters Nannie Schnull Vonnegut and and Emma Schnull Vonnegut stand on the Vonnegut Pier on the east shore of Lake Maxinkuckee in Culver, Indiana. The Schnull sisters were married to brothers Bernard Vonnegut and Clemens Vonnegut Jr., respectively. The families vacationed in cottages on Lake Maxinkuckee. The sisters were aunts to Clemens Mueller, who labeled this photo, through his mother Julia Schnull Mueller., This photograph album, dated April 1907–October 1910, was created by Clemens O. Mueller and includes photographs of his family at Lake Maxinkuckee, Brown County, and Harvard. Clemens Otto Mueller (1889-1963) was the son of John George Mueller (1860–1932) and Julia Wilhemine Schnull (1864–1926). Julia's sisters Emma and Nannie married into the Vonnegut family, linking the Schnull, Mueller, and Vonnegut families who were all prominent Indianapolis famlies of German heritage. These three families also owned cottages along the east shore of the lake and spent summers there starting in the 1880s.

Marjorie Mueller (left) stands with her friend Anne Rose on the family pier at Lake Maxinkuckee in Culver, Indiana., This photograph album, dated 1935–1944, was created by the Clemens O. Mueller family and includes photographs of family members in Indianapolis, at Lake Maxinkuckee in Culver, and at DePauw University in Greencastle. This album features many photos of Clemens' daughter, Marjorie Jean Mueller, from her time at DePauw University and John Herron School of Arts. Clemens Otto Mueller (1889-1963) was the son of John George Mueller (1860–1932) and Julia Wilhemine Schnull (1864–1926) of Indianapolis. The Mueller family was known for the Mooney-Mueller Drug Company of Indianapolis.