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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:44:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Aim: Ancient climatic fluctuations are invoked as the main driving force that generates the astonishing biodiversity in ancient mountains. As a result, endemism and spatial turnover are usually high and few species are widespread amongst entire mountain ranges, precluding the understanding of origins of macroevolutionary patterns. Here, we used a species endemic to, but widespread in, one of the most species-rich ancient mountains in the globe to test how environmental changes acted on and how their macroevolutionary patterns were shaped. Location: Espinhaço Range, Eastern Brazil. Taxon: Vriesea oligantha species complex (Bromeliaceae). Methods: We compiled data for plastidial regions and nuclear microsatellites to assess genetic diversity, population structure, migration rates and phylogenetic relationships. Using temperature and precipitation variables, we modelled suitable areas for the present and the past, estimating corridors between isolated populations. We also implemented Bayesian demographic analyses to estimate ancient populations dynamics. Finally, we tested if population structure is driven by isolation by environment or by distance using a Bayesian modelling approach. Results: Our results showed that the intraspecific divergence events of V. oligantha are older than those associated with the latest Pleistocene climatic oscillations, supporting the view that Quaternary climatic fluctuations are key components for understanding its population differentiation processes. Species distribution modelling estimated corridors between populations in the past, as also shown in the demographic analyses, depicting a major spatial reorganization during colder climates. Besides, the high genetic structure estimated results from both models of isolation by distance and by environment. Main conclusions: V. oligantha is a remarkable model to test the effects of climatic oscillations over the biological community, since this species originated in the early-Pleistocene, prevailing over several cycles of climatic fluctuations until today. The estimated demographic dynamics of V. oligantha agrees with the species-pump mechanism, suggesting it as the main cause of speciation within the Espinhaço Range. Moreover, the phylogeographic patterns of V. oligantha reflect previously recognised spatial and temporal macroevolutionary patterns in the Espinhaço Range, providing insights into how microevolutionary processes may have given rise to this astonishing mountain biodiversity. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia Centro de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) CNPq: 303794/2019-4 LMV CNPq: 305398/2019-9 CPS CAPES: 88881.128215/2016-01 MVDQ CAPES: PDSE 88881.190071/2018-01 MVDQ CAPES: PROAP-2015/CAPES/PPGCB-BV CNPq: produtividade 300819/2016-1 CNPq: produtividade 304778/2013-3

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T15:04:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-05-05 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Investissement d'Avenir grants of the ANR Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) LabEx COTE mobility grant Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) SISBIO SERFOR IDEFLOR-Bio/PA SEMARH/GO IEF/MG Both genetic drift and divergent selection are predicted to be drivers of population differentiation across patchy habitats, but the extent to which these forces act on natural populations to shape traits is strongly affected by species' ecological features. In this study, we infer the genomic structure of Pitcairnia lanuginosa, a widespread herbaceous perennial plant with a patchy distribution. We sampled populations in the Brazilian Cerrado and the Central Andean Yungas and discovered and genotyped SNP markers using double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing. In addition, we analyzed ecophysiological traits obtained from a common garden experiment and compared patterns of phenotypic and genetic divergence (P-ST-F-ST comparisons) in a subset of populations from the Cerrado. Our results from molecular analyses pointed to extremely low genetic diversity and a remarkable population differentiation, supporting a major role of genetic drift. Approximately 0.3% of genotyped SNPs were flagged as differentiation outliers by at least two distinct methods, and Bayesian generalized linear mixed models revealed a signature of isolation by environment in addition to isolation by distance for high-differentiation outlier SNPs among the Cerrado populations. P-ST-F-ST comparisons suggested divergent selection on two ecophysiological traits linked to drought tolerance. We showed that these traits vary among populations, although without any particular macro-spatial pattern, suggesting local adaptation to differences in micro-habitats. Our study shows that selection might be a relevant force, particularly for traits involved in drought stress, even for populations experiencing strong drift, which improves our knowledge on eco-evolutionary processes acting on non-continuously distributed species. Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Ecol, Inst Biociencias, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Bordeaux, INRAE, Biogeco, Cestas, France Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Dept Ecol, Museo Hist Nat, Lima, Peru Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Biol Vegetal, Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Ecol, Inst Biociencias, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2014/15588-6 Investissement d'Avenir grants of the ANR: CEBA:ANR-10-LABX-2501 CAPES: 001 FAPESP: 2014/08087-0 FAPESP: 2016/04396-4 FAPESP: 2016/20273-0 CNPq: 300819/2016-1 SISBIO: 44062-1 SERFOR: 2017-2016 IDEFLOR-Bio/PA: 001/15 SEMARH/GO: 187/2014 IEF/MG: 081/2014

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T19:44:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-08-16 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Investissement d'Avenir grants of the ANR Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Pro Reitoria de Pesquisa e Extensao/UNESP Background and Aims Isolated populations constitute an ideal laboratory to study the consequences of intra-specific divergence, because intrinsic incompatibilities are more likely to accumulate under reduced gene flow. Here, we use a widespread bromeliad with a patchy distribution, Pitcairnia lanuginosa, as a model to infer processes driving Neotropical diversification and, thus, to improve our understanding of the origin and evolutionary dynamics of biodiversity in this highly speciose region. Methods We assessed the timing of lineage divergence, genetic structural patterns and historical demography of P. lanuginosa, based on microsatellites, and plastid and nuclear sequence data sets using coalescent analyses and an Approximate Bayesian Computation framework. Additionally, we used species distribution models (SDMs) to independently estimate potential changes in habitat suitability. Key Results Despite morphological uniformity, plastid and nuclear DNA data revealed two distinct P. lanuginosa lineages that probably diverged through dispersal from the Cerrado to the Central Andean Yungas, following the final uplift of the Andes, and passed through long-term isolation with no evidence of migration. Microsatellite data indicate low genetic diversity and high levels of inbreeding within populations, and restricted gene flow among populations, which are likely to be a consequence of bottlenecks (or founder events), and high selfing rates promoting population persistence in isolation. SDMs showed a slight expansion of the suitable range for P. lanuginosa lineages during the Last Glacial Maximum, although molecular data revealed a signature of older divergence. Pleistocene climatic oscillations thus seem to have played only a minor role in the diversification of P. lanuginosa, which probably persisted through adverse conditions in riparian forests. Conclusions Our results imply drift as a major force shaping the evolution of P. lanuginosa, and suggest that dispersal events have a prominent role in connecting Neotropical open and forest biomes. Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Ecol, Inst Biociencias, BR-13506900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Dept Ecol, Museo Hist Nat, Lima 15072, Peru Univ Bordeaux, INRA, Biogeco, F-33610 Cestas, France Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Biol Vegetal, Inst Biol, BR-13083862 Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Ecol, Inst Biociencias, BR-13506900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2014/15588-6 Investissement d'Avenir grants of the ANR: CEBA:ANR-10-LABX-25-01 CAPES: 001 FAPESP: 2014/08087-0 FAPESP: 2016/04396-4 CNPq: 300819/2016-1

Studies on insular organisms provide an important framework for investigating patterns of genetic differentiation and reproductive isolation. By focusing on populations of the same species, we have the opportunity to study the mechanisms operating during the earliest stages of speciation, as reproductive barriers can be examined among divergent lineages in a geographic context. We investigated the genetic differentiation and the evolution of early stages of intrinsic postmating reproductive isolation between continental and insular populations of Epidendrum fulgens, a neotropical orchid distributed in southeastern Brazil. Genetic diversity and structure were estimated for both nuclear and plastid markers by using genetic differentiation measures and model-based assignment test. Furthermore, two components of reproductive isolation were examined by analyzing fruit set and seed viability in interpopulation crosses. Strong plastid genetic structure (FST = 0.679) was found between insular and remaining populations, indicating that E. fulgens reduced gene flow via seed dispersal, although significant nuclear genetic structure was lower (DST = 0.179), likely due to the smaller effective population size of the plastid genome. Significant differences in seed viability between self- and cross-pollinated plants were found, indicating the occurrence of inbreeding depression in all populations. Seed viability was significantly lower in crosses between insular and remaining populations, suggesting a late postzygotic reproductive barrier due to low migration associated with genetic drift (i.e., bottleneck) and its consequences. Our results confirm the importance of islands as drivers for populational differentiation and suggest a central role for outbreeding depression during the early stages of lineage diversification.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:45:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Disruptions in species interactions derived from forest fragmentation are a major driver of biodiversity declines. Atmospheric bromeliads, a group of extreme epiphytes in the Tillandsia genus, often thrive in anthropogenic landscapes, spreading beyond their usual distribution. Here, we investigate how distinct tree densities affect the interactions between tree traits and patterns of atmospheric bromeliad host selection, abundance, functional composition, and canopy distribution. We measured a total of 3130 atmospheric bromeliads hosted on 140 of the 384 trees sampled and found a greater contribution of tree traits on their host selection and abundance at low tree density. We observed that distinct tree traits were significantly correlated to atmospheric bromeliad traits under low and high tree densities, with most correlations positive under low tree density and negative under high tree density. Additionally, the canopy distribution of individuals under high tree density was less scattered and slightly restricted to outer canopy layers. Shading levels seem to be a strong environmental filter on atmospheric bromeliad fitness, limiting their spread in forests with high tree densities; however, major reductions in tree density may allow atmospheric bromeliads to spread to other canopy layers and increase their abundance, mainly boosted by traits related to tree size. Our results suggest that reductions in tree densities of forests may alter ecological interactions among plants, which could lead to the spread of opportunistic species. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) CNPq: 2013-0 FAPESP: 2016/04396-4 CNPq: 471756

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:16:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-02-01 Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. Instituto de Ciências da Natureza Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, S/n - Martelos Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915 Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR), Escola de Ciências da Vida, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado Km 16 Departamento de Botânica Centro Politécnico Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Caixa Postal 19031, Jardim das Américas Instituto de Florestas Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR-465, Km 07 Centro de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de. Botânica Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n - Trindade Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Campus Experimental de Registro, Av. Nelson Brihi Badur, 430 Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC) Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais, Avenida Doutor Cândido Xavier de Almeida e Souza, 200 Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, São Vicente Prefeitura Municipal de Olaria, Meio Ambiente, Praça 1° de Março 13, Centro Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano (IF-Baiano), Campus Itaberaba, Av. Rio Branco, 1003, Centro Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140 Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB) CCAAB, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710 Instituto de Biociências Cidade Universitária Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) Departamento Biociências (DBCI) Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Campus Universitário Prof. Alberto Carvalho,Av. Vereador Olímpio Grande, S/N - Bloco D, Centro Floresce Consultoria Ambiental, Rua Dr. Alexandre Gutierrez, 332 Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), CP. 199 Ciências Naturais Departamento de Ciências Naturais UESB Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Estrada do Bem-Querer km 4, s.n., Bairro Universitário Centro de Ensino Superior em Juiz de Fora (CESJF), Campus Arnaldo Janssen, Luz Interior, 345, Santa Luzia Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo Núcleo de Pesquisas Orquidário do Estado, Avenida Miguel Stefano Faculdade de Engenharia Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Geografia Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Caixa Postal 594, 79070-900, Cidade Universitária Departamento de Genética Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 pr 43312 JB Consultoria Ambiental, Rua Joaquim Firmino, 1318 Departamento de Ciências Florestais Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Avenida Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA) PPG-Botânica, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo Empresa Brazileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira, Km 111 Departamento de Ciências Florestais Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ) Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Pádua Dias 11 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, Bairro São José, BR 285 Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, 277 Instituto de Biociências Herbário CGMS Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Avenida Costa e Silva s/n Instituto de Ecología Regional (UNT-CONICET), Casilla de Correo, 34, Yerba Buena Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Rodovia Washington Luís Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), Km 335 - SP 310, 13565-905/C.P 676 Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), CP. 199 Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515, CP. 199 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Avenida Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIFASF) NEMA, Brazil 407, Km 12, lote 543, Projeto de Irrigação Nilo Coelho, s/n Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), C. P. 6109 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Museu Nacional, Horto Botânico, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão Laboratory of Palynostratigraphy and Paleobotany CICyTTP (CONICET-Entre Ríos-UADER), Dr. Matteri y España Diamante Departamento de Ecologia Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Ministério do Planejamento Desenvolvimentos e Gestão Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco K, Sala 352 Departamento de Biologia Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Campus de Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Cidade Universitária Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Campus, Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado Km 16 Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Parque Califórnia, 28013602 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, s/n, Boa Vista Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Ornitologia Departamento de Zoologia Centro Politécnico Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Caixa Postal 19031, Jardim das Américas Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Clima Temperado (Embrapa Clima Temperado), Rodovia BR-392, Km 78, 9° Distrito, Postal Code 403 Instituto de Humanidades Artes e Ciências and Herbário Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau - CEPEC Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB), Campus Jorge Amado, Km 29 Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna, CP. 07 Departamento de Zootecnia e Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Independência, n° 3751 Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária - INCRA/SR22 - Alagoas Setor de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais, Rua do Imperador, N° 105 Centro Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Botânica - Avenida Antônio Carlos, Pampulha Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Ecologia e Restauração Florestal (LERF) Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Avenida Pádua Dias 11, 13.418-900 Herbarium Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Centro Universitario Regional del Este Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó y Bvar Departamento de Ciências e Matemática (DCM) Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Campus São Paulo, Rua Pedro Vicente, 625, Canindé Centro de Ciências Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Campus do PICI, Bloco 906 Reservas Votorantim, Rua Amauri, 255, 12° andar Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 3, 64st Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Campus Morro do Cruzeiro Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo Núcleo de Pesquisas Curadoria do Herbário, Avenida Miguel Stefano Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Rodovia RS 135, Km 25, Distrito Engenheiro Luiz Englert, Caixa Postal 21 Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 pr 43433 Conselho Superior de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão Universidade Paulista (UNIP), Avenida Paulista, 900, 1°. Andar – Herbário, UNIP - Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade - Bela Vista, 01310100 Laboratorio de Planificación Territorial Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales Facultad de Recursos Naturales Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, 02950 Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia – ECZ Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), AC/Cidade Universitária. Trindade. CEP 88.040-970 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (INPA), Rua Horizontina, 104, Centro Woods Hole Research Center, 149, Woods Hole Road Embrapa Cerrados/Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados, BR-020, Km 18 Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET-RJ), Rua Voluntários da Pátria, 30, Bairro Belo Horizonte Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Campus de São Miguel do Oeste, Rua Oiapoc, 211, Bairro Agostini São Miguel do Oeste Facultad de Ciencias Iguá y Mataojo Universidad de la República Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES), Rod. ES-080, Km 93, São João de Petrópolis Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Caixa Postal 3037 Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário, s/n, Sala 05, MIP - Córrego Grande Faculdades Integradas do Vale do Ribeira Laboratório de Biologia Rua Oscar Yoshiaki Magário União das Instituições de Serviços Ensino e Pesquisa Ltda (UNISEP), 185, Jardim das Palmeiras Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais - Rua João Rosa Góes Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), 1761 Reserva Natural Vale, Rodovia Brazil 101 Norte, Interior Divisão de Florestas e Estações Experimentais Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo, Seção de Bauru, Av. Rodrigues Alves, 38-25, Horto Florestal Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Avenida Transnordestina s.n. División Plantas Vasculares CONICET Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470 Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), Ciências Biológicas Instituto Tecnológico Vale Biodiversidade e Serviços Ecossistêmicos, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais, Avenida Governador Lindemberg, 316, Centro Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Campus Experimental de Registro, Av. Nelson Brihi Badur, 430 Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, São Vicente Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), CP. 199 Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), CP. 199 Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, 1515, CP. 199 Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N

Deforestation has allowed the massive dispersal and reproduction of some plants that are commonly referred to as weeds. The rapid spread of many weeds into newly disturbed landscapes is often boosted by clonal growth and self-fertilization strategies, which conversely increases the spatial genetic structure (SGS) of populations and reduces the genetic diversity. Here, we use empirical and modeling approaches to evaluate the spatio-temporal SGS dynamics ofTillandsia recurvata(L.) L., a common epiphytic weed with selfing reproduction and clonal growth widespread in dry forests and anthropically deforested landscapes in North and South America. We constructed an individual-based model (IBM) and adjusted the parameters according to empirical genetic data, to simulate the spreading ofT. recurvataover time and across random landscapes with distinct tree densities. From empirical data, we observed a strong SGS amongT. recurvatasubpopulations hosted on neighbor trees and a contemporary spread from several population sources. Our model shows that the highest SGS appear in landscapes with more than 200 trees/ha and up to the 5thyear of colonization of open landscapes (ca. 100 trees/ha) when SGS starts to reduce drastically. These results suggest that the deforestation commonly observed in anthropically transformed landscapes may reduce the dispersal limitation and genetic structure ofT. recurvatasubpopulations, creating suitable conditions for the rapid spread ofT. recurvatafrom multiple surrounding sources. The combination of clonal growth and self-fertilization with the optimal conditions created by anthropogenic transformations may explain the spreading success ofT. recurvataand other weeds into new landscapes. Our results indicate that the drastic reductions in tree densities induced by human-modifications in natural landscapes may lead to a partial loss of resistance for dispersal by wind and increased the conditions forT. recurvatato develop massive populations in anthropogenic landscapes.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:53:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-03-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Biotic and abiotic interactions are important factors that explain community assembly. For example, epiphytic communities are shaped by tree traits that can act as environmental filters, but also by positive and/or negative interactions among coexisting epiphytes on a tree. Here, we studied interactions among three widespread atmospheric bromeliads with overlapping niches (Tillandsia recurvata, T. tricholepis and T. pohliana), using experimental data about facilitation through seed capture, interspecific interaction during seed germination and competition among adult individuals. We aim to understand how species interactions are reflected in the natural coexisting patterns of epiphytes in communities at high and low tree densities. Tillandsia pohliana showed higher facilitation by capturing almost all wind-dispersing seeds, and had the largest reduction in seed germination in the presence of any adult individual, also presenting a relatively high rate of adult mortality in the presence of other individuals. Our results indicate higher colonisation ability for T. pohliana and distinct strategies of rapid exploitation of T. recurvata and T. tricholepis individuals. In natural communities, the coexistence among atmospheric bromeliads may be hampered by dispersal limitations in wind-dispersed epiphytes at high tree density conditions, but a negative effect of T. recurvata on T. pohliana is still reflected in their reduced coexistence. However, competitive patterns observed in the experimental data may be overshadowed by a possible mass effect driving large communities under such conditions. Our results show the joint effect of positive interactions and high dispersal levels on the community patterns of atmospheric bromeliads. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Instituto de Biociências Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Biologia Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Instituto de Biociências Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Biologia Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) FAPESP: 2016/04396-4 CNPq: 300819/2016-1 CNPq: 471756/2013-0

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:57:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The genus Tillandsia L. is the most diversified genus of Bromeliaceae and represents one of the most specialized cases of vascular epiphytism: the ‘atmospheric bromeliads.’ Such great diversity and ecological specialization make it an interesting model for evolutionary and population genetics studies. Here we report the cross-transferability of SSR markers isolated from other bromeliad species to Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. and T. aeranthos (Loisel.) Desf., epiphytes with great abundance in both natural and anthropogenic-modified environments, but with contrasting patterns of geographic distribution and mating systems. We tested a total of 27 microsatellite markers and successfully amplified seven polymorphic markers in T. recurvata and T. aeranthos. We then described cross-amplified markers in two populations per species, sampled in both anthropogenic-transformed and natural environments. T. recurvata presented lower allelic richness and heterozygosities, and greater inbreeding coefficient values. Such differences clearly reflect their contrasting mating systems (self-fertilizing in T. recurvata versus self-incompatible in T. aeranthus). The set of cross-amplified microsatellite markers described here will be a helpful tool to address a range of evolutionary and ecological questions. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Departamento de Biologia Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Departamento de Biologia Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) FAPESP: 2014/08087-0 FAPESP: 2016/03777-4 FAPESP: 2016/04396-4 CNPq: 300819/2016-1 CNPq: 471756/2013-0 FAPESP: FAPESP 2014/15588-6

To accompany the 12 manuscripts on Bromeliaceae in this issue, we here present a summary of evolutionary and phylogenetic studies at different levels in the family. We discuss biogeography, speciation and hybridization in the light of current knowledge.

Cattleya coccinea and C. brevipedunculata (Orchidaceae) are closely related species distinguished primarily by geographical distribution, vegetative morphology and flowering period. Both species inhabit high-elevation regions in south-eastern Brazil, but are traditionally associated with different habitats, located in cloudy forests and campos rupestres (rocky fields), respectively. We used morphometrics and genetic variation of microsatellite markers to test the occurrence of a hybrid zone between these species located in Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca (PEI), Brazil. Morphological data reveal a continuum of variation between the putative taxa, influenced mainly by characters of leaf, pseudobulb and peduncle. However, genetic data do not support the occurrence of hybridization and introgression in PEI, showing that it is a pure population of C. brevipedunculata. Differences in vegetative characters among individuals from cloudy forests and campos rupestres suggest that morphological variation may be related to phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental light fluctuations, an unknown situation for this species. These results highlight the inconsistency of morphology for the identification of hybrids and the role of vegetative characters as a possible complicating factor for the taxonomy of these species, as they are subject to environmental influence.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:48:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The increase in mean global temperature is causing extensive changes in ecosystems. However, little is yet known about the heat tolerance of neotropical plant species. Here, we investigate heat tolerance variation in both restricted and widely distributed bromeliad species co-occurring in campo rupestre, a megadiverse ecosystem in central and eastern Brazil. We determined the heat tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus using chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to test if the endemic species Vriesea minarum is more heat sensitive than two widely distributed species, Vriesea bituminosa and Aechmea nudicaulis. Furthermore, we tested if the distinct photosynthetic metabolisms of the species, sun exposure, and rainfall seasonality of campo rupestre influence this outcome. Our results show that, contrary to our expectations, the endemic campo rupestre species did not show the greatest heat sensitivity, but did have one of the lowest heat tolerance plasticities. The CAM bromeliad A. nudicaulis was more heat tolerant than the other bromeliad species, but both heat tolerance and its plasticity are highly affected by sun exposure and the rainfall seasonality of campo rupestre. The low values and plasticity of V. minarum thermal tolerance could indicate that the threat of global warming could be greater for this campo rupestre endemic species. Our results also indicate that heat tolerance, especially the ability to withstand stressful temperatures for a long time, is an important parameter that differentiates the ecological strategies of these bromeliads species. (c) 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Bot, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Ecol, Inst Biociencias, Sao Paulo, Rio Claro, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Ecol, Inst Biociencias, Sao Paulo, Rio Claro, Brazil

Anyone interested in plants may already have asked themselves why some trees host a wide diversity and large numbers of epiphytes while others have none. This may occur by chance or could be derived from specific patterns driven by tree traits. Here we evaluated how individual and species characteristics affect the number and location of atmospheric bromeliads. We found that the presence of bromeliads is not stochastic, and that tree traits have a great influence on the presence and abundance of bromeliad species. Additionally, trees can be categorized as worse or better hosts to shelter these plants based on their canopy and trunk characteristics., Epiphytes are strongly dependent on the conditions created by their host's traits and a certain degree of specificity is expected between them, even if these species are largely abundant in a series of tree hosts of a given environment, as in the case of atmospheric bromeliads. Despite their considerable abundance in these environments, we hypothesize that stochasticity alone cannot explain the presence and abundance of atmospheric bromeliads on host trees, since host traits could have a greater influence on the establishment of these bromeliads. We used secondary and reforested seasonal forests and three distinct silvicultures to test whether species richness, phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity of trees can predict the differential presence, abundance and distribution of atmospheric bromeliads on hosts. We compared the observed parameters of their assemblage with null models and performed successive variance hierarchic partitions of abundance and distribution of the assemblage to detect the influence of multiple traits of the tree hosts. Our results do not indicate direct relationships between the abundance of atmospheric bromeliads and phylogenetic or functional diversity of trees, but instead indicate that bromeliads occurred on fewer tree species than expected by chance. We distinguished functional tree patterns that can improve or reduce the abundance of atmospheric bromeliads, and change their distribution on branches and trunk. While individual tree traits are related to increased abundance, species traits are related to the canopy distribution of atmospheric bromeliad assemblages. A balance among these tree functional patterns drives the atmospheric bromeliad assemblage of the forest patches.

Physiological changes that increase plant performance during exposure to high temperatures may play an inverse role during exposure to low temperatures. The objective of this study was to test variations in photosystem II response to heat and cold stress in the leaves of a bromeliad with crassulacean acid metabolism submitted to high or low temperatures. Leaves were maintained under constant temperatures of 10 and 35°C and used to examine possible relationships among physiological responses to high and low temperatures and organic acid accumulation. We also tested if distinct parts of bromeliad leaves show differences in photosynthetic thermotolerance. The samples from leaves maintained at 35°C showed greater heat tolerance values, while those from leaves maintained at 10°C showed lower cold tolerance values. Our results identified a strong negative relationship between the organic acid accumulation and thermal tolerance of bromeliad leaves that largely explained the differences in thermal tolerance among groups. One of these differences occurred among regions of a single leaf, with the base showing critical heat values of up to 8°C higher than the top region, suggesting a possible partitioning of leaf response among its regions. Differences in thermal tolerance were also observed between sampling times, with higher values observed in the morning.

As mudanças climáticas em curso terão impactos irreversíveis ao meio ambiente e podem ter um efeito benéfico na ampliação de habitats e na produtividade de plantas CAM. No entanto, pouco se sabe a respeito da termotolerância de espécies com esse metabolismo. O presente trabalho buscou compreender vários aspectos que influenciam a termotolerância fotossintética de bromélias CAM. No primeiro capítulo, foram comparadas as termotolerâncias de espécies de bromélias CAM e C3, em ambientes mais ou menos expostos ao sol e em estações distintas. Apesar de a maior termotolerância ter sido registrada em indivíduos de sombra da espécie CAM, Aechmea nudicaulis, os seus indivíduos a pleno sol apresentaram uma termotolerância similar àobservada nas bromélias C3, Vriesea bituminosa e V. minarum. Os resultados sugerem que, no ambiente estudado, bromélias CAM não são mais termotolerantes do que bromélias C3. Variações sazonais da termotolerância foram observadas somente na espécie C3 de ambiente sombreado, Vriesea bituminosa. Além disso, foram evidenciadas grandes diferenças entre os valores diários da termotolerância dosindivíduos a pleno sol de A. nudicaulis, o que parece ser devido às maiores variações diárias da temperatura nesse ambiente. Não foram detectadas, porém, fortes relações entre a termotolerância e outras variáveis fisiológicas. Dessa forma, o metabolismo CAM, por si só, parece não ser responsável pela elevação da termotolerância das plantas que o possuem e diferentes taxas de exposição solar podem, possivelmente, resultar em variações na termotolerância de bromélias.No segundo capítulo, investigou-se, principalmente, as variações datermotolerância em diferentes regiões e orientações foliares de uma bromélia CAM cultivada, Aechmea blanchetiana. Foram detectadas os maiores valores de termotolerância na porção basal das folhas. Esses resultados, juntamente às diferenças observadas em outras variáveis entre as regiões foliares, corroboram com a já proposta existência de partição funcional ao longo das folhas de bromélias com tanque. Ésugerida, também, a existência de uma estratégia contra danos provocados por temperaturas extremas ao meristema foliar, que está localizado na base foliar dessas plantas. Uma alta variação diária da termotolerância também foi registrada para A. 2 blanchetiana, com os maiores valores ocorrendo no período da tarde. A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi proposta uma grande influência do acúmulo de ácidos orgânicos na termotolerância de A. blanchetiana, onde diversas variáveis que influenciam a acidez titulável podem indiretamente afetar a termotolerância. O terceiro capítulo teve, por fim, o objetivo de investigar, por meio de experimentos controlados, a aclimatação de frações foliares de A. blanchetiana mantidas a distintas temperaturas e verificar a sua influência no acúmulo de ácidos orgânicos e na termotolerância a altas e baixas temperaturas. As amostras apresentaram uma rápida resposta aclimatativa da termotolerância e da acidez titulável a alterações de temperatura. Relações significativas entre a acidez titulável e a termotolerância, a altas e baixas temperaturas, bem como entre essas duas variáveis e a temperatura ambiente também foram detectadas. Além disso, foi observada uma maior termotolerância da base foliar a temperaturas extremas e uma maior aclimatação do ápice foliar a variações de temperaturas não extremas (10-35°C). Esses resultados demonstram a complexidade da termotolerância de bromélias CAM e abrem novas perspectivas de estudos que esclareçam esse mecanismo. Ongoing climate changes will have irreversible impacts on the environment and may have a beneficial effect on the expansion of habitats and productivity of CAM plants. However, little is known about thermotolerance of species with this type of metabolism. This study aimed to understand various aspects that influence the photosynthetic thermotolerance of CAM bromeliads. In the first chapter, we compared the thermotolerance of CAM and C3 bromeliads at more or less light exposed habitats, during distinct seasons. Despite the fact that the highest thermotolerance has been recorded in shaded individuals of Aechmea nudicaulis, a CAM species, the thermotolerance of the exposed ones was similar to the observed at C3 bromeliads, Vriesea bituminosa and V. minarum. Our results suggest that, at the studied site, CAMbromeliads are not more thermotolerant than C3 bromeliads. Seasonal variations of thermotolerance were observed only for the C3 species that occur exclusively at shaded habitat, Vriesea bituminosa. Moreover, great differences were observed in daily thermotolerance values of exposed individuals of A. nudicaulis, which seems to be due to variations in temperature during the day. Nevertheless, no strong relationships werefound between the thermotolerance and other physiological variables. Therefore, CAM metabolism itself does not seem to be responsible for increasing thermotolerance of the CAM plants, and different rates of sun exposure may possibly result in variations of bromeliads hermotolerance. In the second chapter, we also investigated the variations of thermotolerance in different regions and different orientations of the leaves of the cultivated CAM bromeliad, Aechmea blanchetiana. The highest rates of thermotolerance were detectedin the basal portion of the leaves. These results, along with the differences observed for other variables between leaf regions, corroborate the proposal of a functional partition along the leaves of tank bromeliads. The existence of a strategy against heat damage onthe meristem located at the base of the leaves is also hypothesized. A high daily variation of thermotolerance was recorded for A. blanchetiana, with the highest values occurring in the afternoon. Based on the results obtained herein, it was proposed that the thermotolerance is influenced by the accumulation of organic acids and, indirectly, by others variables that affect titrable acidity. The third chapter aimed to investigate, through controlled experiments, the acclimation of leaf fractions of A. blanchetiana kept at different temperatures and to 4 verify its influence on the organic acids accumulation and on the high- and lowtemperature hermotolerance. Leaf samples exhibited a rapid acclimation ofthermotolerance and titrable acidity in reaction to temperature variation. Significant relationships were detected between acidity and tolerance to heat and cold, as well as between these variables and ambient temperature. Finally, the leaf base was found to be highly thermotolerant to extreme temperatures, while the leaf apex presents a highacclimation to non-extreme temperature variations (10-35°C). These results demonstrate the complexity of thermotolerance in CAM bromeliads and open new perspectives for studies to clarify this mechanism.